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THE AMERICAN DECEMBER 1977

DECEMBER 1977 Volume 103, Number 6 National Commander Robert Charles Smith

LEGION CHANGE OF ADDRESS Subscribers, please notify Circulation Dept., MAGAZINE P. O. Box 1954, Indianapolis, IN 46206 using Form 3578 which is available at your local post office. Attach old address label and give old and new addresses with ZIP Code Table of Contents number and current membership card num- ber. Also, notify your Post Adjutant or other COMMANDER'S MESSAGE: officer charged with such responsibilities. We Have Again Studied The Treaty; We Still Say 'No' ... 3 The American Legion Magazine Legion leader demands full treaty review in House, Senate Editorial & Production Offices 1608 "K" Street, N. W. Washington, DC 20006 OFF THE HIGHWAY: BETHLEHEM, PA 4 202-393-4811 Advertising Dept. 202-347-7647 212-586-3460 'EARLY, LATE' 24th DIVISION 7 {(New York direct line) Office of Publisher 342 Madison Ave. BICENTENNIAL OF VALLEY FORGE 8 New York, NY 10017 212-682-8982

MARTHA WASHINGTON SHARED RIGORS Advertising Sales OF WINTER OF '78 10 Bassinette/White Co. 50 E. 42nd St., New York, NY, 10017 Tel. 212-986-6210 GENERAL WASHINGTON'S PENSIONERS 11 Representing: Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Maine, New Hampshire and Vermont. THE STORY OF 'SILENT NIGHT 12 Fox Associates, Inc. 200 E. Ontario St., Chicago, IL, 60611 Tel. 312-649-1650 PEARL HARBOR: WHERE TIME STILL Representing: North Dakota, South Dakota, STOOD 16 Nebraska, Minnesota, Kansas, Iowa, Missouri, Wisconsin, Illinois, Michigan, Indiana, Ohio, Kentucky, West Virginia, Virginia, Tennessee, . . . ST. AND PAUL WHERE THE FIRST SHOT ECHOES 17 N. Carolina, Texas, Oklahoma, Arkansas, Missis- sippi, Alabama, Georgia, S. Carolina, Florida. Robert Redden Assoc., Inc. 'I'M ONLY BLIND, I CAN PUSH!' 20 P.O. Box 999, Teaneck, NJ, 07666 World War I ambulance driver recalls pain and glory of combat Tel. 201-837-5511 Representing: New York, New Jersey, Connect- icut, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, District SOVIETS WALK OLD TRAILS IN AFRICA 22 of Columbia. E. Thompson, Ine. Communists pick up abandoned plans of 19th century tsars Jules 1111 Hearst Bldg., , CA, 94103 Tel. 415-362-8547 SHOULD CONGRESS APPROVE AMNESTY FOR Representing: Washington, Oregon, , ALIENS?. .24 Idaho, Nevada, Utah, Montana, Wyoming, Col- PR£>: HERMAN BADILLO CON: JOHN M. ASHBROOK orado, Arizona, New Mexico, , Alaska, U.S. Rep., New York U.S. Rep., Ohio British Columbia.

THE STORY OF THE POINSETTIA 28 Publisher, James F. O'Ncil Editor and Associate Publisher, ' Raymond J. McHugh Production Manager, John A. Stanley Photo Credits Managing Editor, Frank Kuest Senior Editor, Grail S. Hanford The spirit of Christmas 1977 is re- Legion News Editor, Dan Keenan in flected the Pennsylvania snow Art Editor, Walter H. Boll of our cover for December, a view Advertising Coordinators perhaps shared by the men at Darlene Thomas and Joanna Adamus Valley Forge over 200 years ago. Circulation Manager and Assistant Publisher, Dean B. Nelson, Indianapolis, IN The cover photo was taken by H. Arm- strong Roberts of Philadelphia. Other The American Legion Magazine Commission: photo credits: Shirley Starbuck, De- Milford A. Forrester, Greenville, SC (Chairman); partment of Defense/U.S. Army Photo, Adolph Bremer, Winona MN (Vice Chairman) ; James The Bettmann Archive, National Park R. Kelley, Devon, PA (National Commander's Repre- Service, Charles Waterhouse, U.S. Na- sentative); Billy Anderson, Miami, FL; Norman Bie- val Academy Museum/A. B. Chesley/ bel, Belleville, IL; Andrew J. Cooper, Gulf Shores, Bernard J. Kinderman, American Field AL; John J. Dunn, Sr., Scranton, PA; Raymond Service, American Heritage, Veterans Fields, Oklahoma City, OK; Frank J. Holcshuh, Administration. Youngsown, OH; Eugene Kelley, Savannah, GA James V. Kissner, Palatine, IL; Keith A. Kreul, Fen- nimore, Wl; Russell H. Laird, Des Moines, IA; Loyd McDermott, Benton, AR; Morris Meyer, Stark- ville, MS; J. H. Morris, Baton Rouge, LA; Robert Departments A. Okeson, Diamond Bar, CA; Bruce E. Penny, Seat-

tle, WA; Floyd J. Rogers, Topeka, KS ; Wayne L. Talbert, Delphi, IN; Benjamin B. Truskoski, Bristol, NOTES ON OUR DESK 2 PERSONAL 48 CT ; George J. Zanos, Wellsburg, WV ; Frank C. Love, DATELINE Syracuse, NY (Consultant). WASHINGTON 6 BOOKS THAT MATTER 49 VETERANS NEWSLETTER The American Legion Magazine is owned and published ...... 29 LIFE IN THE OUTDOORS .... 50 monthly by The American Legion. Copyright 1977 by NEWS OF AMERICAN LEGION 30 AMERICAN LEGION SHOPPER 51 The American Legion. Second class postage paid at POSTS IN ACTION Indianapolis, IN, 46204 and additional mailing offices. 36 PARTING SHOTS 5? Price: single copy, 30 cents; yearly subscription, S3. 00. Direct inquiries regarding circulation to: Circulation Department. P. O. Box 1954, Indianapolis, IN 46206.

Monuscripts, artwork, Send editorial and advertising material to: The Ameri- cartoons submitted for consideration will not bo roturnod unless a self-ad- can Legion Magazine, 1608 "K" Street, N. W., Wash- dressed, stamped envelope is included. This magazine assumes no responsibility for unsolicited material. ington, DC 20006. Microfilm copies of current and back issues of The American Legion Magazine are NON-MEMBER SUBSCRIPTIONS available through: University Microfilms, 300 N. Zeeb Rd., Ann Arbor, Mich. 48106. Send name and address, including ZIP number, with $3.00 cheek or money order to Circulation Dept., P.O. Box undeliverable, K please send Form 3579 toe 1954, Indianapolis, IN 46206. POSTMASTF.R'i \j& m.uu*.oxejS\. p, 0> Box 1954) Indiaini, po , iSf Ind> 46206 .

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1977 1 J

NOTES ON Dunphy's Irish. The luck of OUR DESK the Americans.

Letters to the Editor Sir: Loss of the Panama Canal would contribute to the encirclement of the Sir: The September articles by Don- United States by hostile naval forces ald Kendall and Richard Lesher ad- and would threaten our ability to vocating trade and detente with Rus- survive. Ben L. Graves sia remind me of the arguments in Hemet, CA 1933 urging U.S. recognition of Bol- shevik Russia. Then the USSR was Sir: If the Pentagon supports the near collapse. Today it holds sway Panama Canal Treaty, I vote for ap- over half of Europe and other parts proval. Do you want to own the canal of the world, even in the Western or use it? Richard P. Wilson Hemisphere. L. F. Meyer Hauula, HA Fort Wayne, IN Sir: It has come to our attention Sir: I agree with the Legion stand through our advertisements in The on unionism in the military and its American Legion Magazine that opposition to blanket upgrading of there exists some confusion among discharges, but I also agree with many Legionnaires regarding the President Carter that we should for- various Legion-sponsored life insur- give draft evaders who fled the coun- ance plans. try during the Vietnam war. The primary distinction between Virgil Robertson the fine plans offered through two or Green Brier, TN three of the state Departments and the official American Legion Life In- Sir: Regarding a pension for WWI surance Plan is in sponsorship. The vets: Buddy, at our age, don't hold American Legion Life Insurance your breath. Joe Dunn Plan offers its coverage to eligible N. Little Rook, AR Legionnaires in all 50 states and was Sir: I'm getting hot under the collar created by the Legion's National Ex- about the media's constant references ecutive Committee. The Plans avail- to "Legionnaires' Disease." Some able through the individual state would depict us as carriers. It is to- Departments are available only to tally unfair. Marie K. Raymond eligible members in those Depart- Deep River, CT ments. We sincerely regret the inconve- Sir: Foreign national health sys- niences caused by the confusion of tems have led to bankruptcy. We our national plan with those of the should not follow. But we do need individual state Departments. What luck! Irish whiskey protection against catastrophic ill- Administrator ness. R. L. O'Brien specially blended for the American Legion Life Insurance Plan Columbus, NE (Continued on page 45 American palate. The first Irish with a new, soft taste. Sir: The Legion's energy program So smooth and mellow. should include a demand that we The Letter immediately begin a massive conver- Here are two refreshing ways sion to coal and tell the oil barons To the Editor to enjoy Dunphy's: and the sheiks that we don't need My prose is not immortal Red-Haired Mary their oil. Hubbard S. Edwards Cut it where you may IV2 oz. Dunphy's Pt. Pleasant Beach, NJ If you don't think it deathless 4 oz. chilled tomato juice Edit it away. Sir: Legion has great oppor- Lemon wedge The a lead in demanding Transpose, delete and change AdashofTobasco tunity to take the enforcement of the 55 m.p.h. highway the tense Salt to taste speed limit. Too many people are Change "therefore" and "thus" Cucumber spear optional. choosing which laws to obey and To "Hence." Irish Sunset which to ignore. J. E. Ray Your notes of "trite" and V-Aoz. Dunphy's Whitesboro, NY "ugh" and "bad" won't V/2 oz. orange juice make me start, won't Sir: All foreign-made articles im- K20Z. lime juice make me sad. should bear a 4 dashes Grenadine ported into the U.S. pica-size label showing the country I'll smile and nod at Shake with ice and pour of origin and the name of the im- Notes you jot, ingredients and ice into tall glass. porting firm. We must protect Amer- For I can write can not. 80° Blended Irish Whiskey. ican jobs. William H. Kopf And you —Linda Barnes The American Distilling Co., N.Y. New York, NY

2 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1977 The Commander's Message

We Have Again Studied

The Treaty; We Still Say 'No'

Why is The American Legion so vehement in its On military issues there have been honest differences opposition to the Panama Canal Treaty? Does it of opinion between hightly qualified men who have de- want to alienate all of Latin America? Does it want to bated the importance of the canal, but none has denied invite sabotage against the canal? Does it really be- that loss of the canal in a time of emergency could be lieve the canal is still vital to U.S. security? disastrous. Yet the very provisions of the treaty that The questions have dogged me in my first months as are supposed to guarantee our right of intervention are your national commander. I believe I should use this those that cause anguish among left-wing Panamanians. forum to reply so every American Legion member un- It's true that our biggest aircraft carriers cannot derstands our position before Senate debate. transit the canal. But 95 percent of U.S. fighting ships First, our opposition is directed at the treaty, not at can, including powerful nuclear forces. There's a lot the people of Panama. The American Legion has con- more to the Navy than its giant flattops. sistently supported fair and equitable payments to And what about Panama, this government headed Panama for the canal, generous social and material as- by Gen. Torrijos? sistance for its people and constant modernization of His friendship for Castro is disquieting. His hench- the canal for the economic and military well-being of men and propagandists have flayed the United States the entire Western Hemisphere. for years with phoney "colonialism" charges. Yet who Debaters avoid these economic and security factors. has advertised the human rights survey of Panama by Isn't it disturbing that although this treaty has been the respected Freedom House? That survey ranks Pan- negotiated by four U.S. administrations, the text was ama as the most dictatorial regime in the Hemisphere. not made public until the eve of the gala signing cere- When Torrijos seized power in Panama in 1968, the mony at the White House? We were treated to a spec- country had a debt of $167 million. Today it owes over tacle in which virtually every hemisphere chief of state $1.5 billion and there has been precious little improve- signed a protocol for a treaty they had not read! ment in the lot of the average Panamanian. Under the Subsequently, it became apparent that Washington treaty, the United States—in addition to huge annual and Panama City did not even agree what the text payments to Panama—would encourage banks to loan meant. Worse, the controversy has centered on circum- Torrijos another $300 million. stances under which the United States could exercise its Faced with all this, we are asked to endorse: military might to protect the canal and the hemisphere. 1. Surrender of control over a vital waterway built President Carter and President Torrijos finally met and by American ingenuity and American money on land announced that they agreed on the interpretation of fairly purchased by the United States. the treaty's vague language—but they did not clarify 2. Surrender of all defense rights within 22 years, the language in the treaty. sooner should Panama exercise full sovereignty. An "understanding" between two heads of state is 3. Surrender of U.S. sovereignty over the canal and fine, but it lacks the force of law. What happens when the Canal Zone and the exposure of the human rights Mr. Carter and/or Gen. Torrijos have left office? The of U.S. citizens to Torrijos' law. American Legion does not believe such questions should 4. Granting veto power to Panama over any potential rest on a reed called "understanding." U.S. plan to build another Atlantic-Pacific canal any- In 1975 alone, 14,000 ships transited the canal. Forty- where in Central America. five per cent of these voyages originated in the United 5. Acceptance of nebulous language—backed by im- States. These ships were loaded with the agricultural precise personal agreements—that U.S. warships would and manufactured exports vital to our balance of trade have priority use of the canal during any emergency. and payments. Any increase in tolls by Panama could The American Legion cannot endorse such a treaty. have devastating effect on the world market position of We pray that the Senate shares our fears. the American farmer, laborer, businessman. The Mis- sissippi Valley, Plains States and the east coast are vulnerable. Should the canal ever be closed to U.S. ships, the Com- merce Department estimates a $932 million jump in the price of U.S. exports, a million in v$583 jump the price of imports. The impact would be chaotic.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1977 3 There is a Pennsylvania com- visitors through the buildings and munity some 60 miles north of tell the story of early Bethlehem. Philadelphia and 90 miles west of The city was a place of refuge dur- New York City rich in American his- ing the French and Indian War and tory, legend and tradition. It a supply and hospital center in Revo- mingles the old and the new. lutionary days. It remained strictly It's called Bethlehem. The Mora- a church-oriented community until vian church was founded there in 1845. 1741 by members of the Unitas Through the halls of the original Fratum, a loose-knit theological so- Moravian community walked many ciety. of the great figures of the Colonial Bethlehem, like its namesake in era: George and Martha Washing- the Holy Land, became the center of ton, Benjamin Franklin, Baron von missionary efforts to spread the Gos- Steuben, Baron de Kalb, the Marquis pel to the Indians and to minister to de Lafayette, Alexander Hamilton, those German settlers of Pennsyl- General Pulaski (one of the Polish vania who had no previous church heroes of the American Revolution affiliations. whose personal flag is believed to Historical markers guide visitors have been made by Moravian Sisters at the numerous exits along 1-78 — (see December 1976 issue), Samuel (the Pennsylvania Turnpike) and Adams, John Paul Jones, John from intersections with 1-80. Adams and others who signed the A featured attraction is the Declaration of Independence. Gemein Haus (museum), the focal —Frank Kuest Off The Highway

point of the original settlement and the first building in the settlement. A five-story log building, it was built on an old Indian trail. Here on Christmas Eve, during a hymn and prayer service, Count Zinzendorf patron of the evangelistic , pioneers, was inspired to give the town its name. These Protestant Brethren of the Unity came from Europe's church-centered towns. They built in Bethlehem, according to their carefully made plan, the Germanic buildings that still in are Tour guide points to instruments used use today. Master craftsmen cut in the early days of Moravian music stone, hewed lumber and designed the dormers, the hand-wrought locks and hinges, the sturdy stone but- tresses. These buildings are not restora- tions. They are a vital part of Mora- vian Church life, preserved for their beauty and usefulness as well as for their historical significance. The unusual town and the high quality of its industrial products (the community is world-famous for Bethlehem Steel) lured travelers to Bethlehem. As early as 1742, guides were appointed to care for interested guests. Today, women of the Mora- vian Church, in traditional 18th cen- Sketch shows steeple of the Moravian Guide in typical dress of the 18th century church in Bethlehem, PA tury costumes, conduct tourists and performs in kitchen of Moravian museum THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1977 • With gold lettering and ornementation • printed on deluxe paper • with numerous • photographic documents bookmark, headband. Size 4"X7V2 ".

In Auschwitz, X* in Mauthausen,

in Ravensbruck, doctors became executioners... DOCTORS OF DEATH by Philippe Aziz All 4

It was worse than anything you can imagine. It was years superbly-bound before the victims of such atrocities had the courage to volumes for only speak out, to testify, to say what they had witnessed, and what they went through in the death camps at the hands of perverse and wicked doctors. What one discovers from 95 these testimonies is a/most unbearable to the human mind. ALL The choice between gas chamber or FOUR "medical experimentation" 12; How many prisoners, men, women, youths, Jews, DELUXE WORKS Gypsies, etc. were used as guinea-pigs by Himmler's SS AT POCKET BOOK doctors for the sole purpose of satisfying their sadistic PRICES whims? For not one of these atrocious experiments served any scientific purpose. FRIENDS OF HISTORY Who were these sadistic tormentors dressed in white? As unbelievable as it may seem, they were all licensed and FREE EXAMINATION COUPON practicing doctors, psychiatrists and surgeons. How could Return to FRIENDS OF HISTORY. P.O. Box 46. Mooers. N Y. 12958 Send we your deluxe such men put their knowledge to the use of the maddest 4-volume set. I can examine them without obligation for 10 days. If I decide to keep them. I will pay the special price of S 12.95 (+ small delivery charge}; if not I will return them to you Nazi theories of genetics, euthanasia and massive I will have no further obligations nor any further purchases to make. D0D-X1-AL sterilization of specific human groups?

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THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1977 5 s ,

Dateline Washington CONGRESS CHALLENGES THE WHITE HOUSE. HIGH LIFE FOR INTERNATIONAL BUREAUCRATS. SCRUTINIZING PRESIDENTIAL APPOINTEES. A-7 ATTACK BOMBER OUTFLIES RIVALS.

In 1977, Congress was clearly the winner selection process which provides that the in the traditional battle for power between President shall nominate , and by and with Capitol Hill and the White House, The the advice and consent of the Senate shall

Democratic Congress , which first began to appoint public officials. whittle away at the Chief Executive' Less than a score of White House nominees authority during the Republican regime of have been turned down by the Senate since President Nixon, continued to nibble away at World War II. President Eisenhower's GOP President Ford's prerogatives. Return designation for Secretary of Commerce of a Democrat to the White House failed was rej ected ; and two of President Nixon ' s to halt the erosion of Presidential powers. nominees to the U.S. Supreme Court were Congress developed a solid basis for its voted down. For the most part, though, assertion of power by setting up its own the President ' s men, and women, have been offices for reviewing the national budget, given quick Senate okay. for assessing technology advances and , for gathering information. Congress also A warplane that the administration limited the President ' s authority to termed "obsolescent" — the Vought A-7 light commit American troops abroad, to sell or attack bomber—has just swept the compe- give arms to foreign countries, and even to tition at the Royal Air Force Tactical provide foreign aid funds. Bombing Contest in Lossiemouth, Scotland. The Texas-built A-7 outpointed the Anglo- Official Washington is increasingly French Jaguar, the British Buccaneer and concerned—and frustrated—about the versions of the U. S. F-lll. Congress has rising salaries and fringe benefits, as rejected administration criticism of the well as the mushrooming personnel, of the A-7 and kept the plane in production. international organizations , which the U.S. often supports with the largest con- tributions. Figures presented to Congress PEOPLE & QUOTES disclose that top level U.S. Civil Service FREE OF FEAR source could over time be officials get $47,500 a year. Officials "We are now free of that tempted to pressure us into in similar posts get $74,100 at the World inordinate fear of Commu- foreign policy decisions not Bank; $85,500, United Nations; $86,450 nism which once led us to dictated by our national in- Organization for Economic Cooperation and embrace any dictator who terest." Former Secretary of joined us in our fear." Presi- State Kissinger. Development. It ' s $92,600 at the European dent Carter. Economic Community, which gets no U.S. CASTRO ON MAO LIP SERVICE "He practically funding. All personnel at the international destroyed . . lip service that is paid the Chinese Communist party institutions also receive generous fringe to democracy ... in itself is and unleashed a witch hunt benefits, and the International Monetary an acknowledgement of the there against many of the Fund even operates an in-house country compelling power of man- best cadres of the party." kind's demand for human Cuban President Fidel Castro, club just outside Washington, D.C. rights. In the final analysis, Both White House and Congress are upset hypocrisy is a bow to virtue." SHE'S CLOSEST with the high life of the international National Security Advisor "I think I am the person bureaucrats, but up to now have not found Brzezinski. closest to the President of the a United States, and if I can way to remedy the situation. DIGNITY INSULTED help him understand the "To say that there are fas- countries of the world, then cist trends here today is to that's what I intend to do." The Senate, which must confirm or rej ect insult the dignity of this First Lady Rosalynn Carter. the principal appointees of the President, democracy." West German President Scheel. ONE LIFE is going to take a closer and harder look, as "We must free ourselves a result of the Lance affair. A bi-partisan A CARICATURE from seeing education, work bloc wants to end the traditional rubber- "Socialism without free- and leisure-retirement as stamp approval of White House nominees dom is a caricature." Portu- three separate periods of life. guese Prime Minister Soares. We must begin thinking of for top Federal positions, as in the case of these activities as running okaying Burt Lance to head the Office of THREAT OF OIL concurrently and continu- ." "For the first time in our ously . . Director of the Management and Budget . The Constitution history, a small group of na- National Institute on Aging, gives the Senate a co-equal place in the tions controlling a scarce re- Robert N. Butler.

6 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE . DECEMBER 1977 . .

But in those days of February and March 1944, it was a very active and valuable piece of real estate as the Taro Leaf Division honed its skills. The island duplicated conditions the division would encounter on , Biak, Leyte, Mindoro, Min- danao and . Thirty-two years ago I had never heard of the Taro Leaf Division, but, as a crew chief on a C-47 in the Fifth Air Force in 1945, I was evidently just a few jumps behind it. No, I didn't know about the 24th Infantry Division in those days when Gen. Douglas MacArthur (center) views it forged its combat record in the high-powered Japanese telescope glasses Pacific. I wish I had. I'm proud to be captured by the 24th Infantry Division on associated with it today. Mindanao during World War II. At left is the insignia of the 24th —Bob Goodenough

'Early, Late' AFTER LAST WINTER, YOU DESERVE YOUR OWN HOME IN 24th Divisi SUNNY FLORIDA'S LEISURE COMMUNITY FOR VETERANS. Sunday, Dec. 7, 1941. The men of the 68-day-old Infantry Di- I 24th NO CASH DOWN. vision, later known as the Victory and Taro Leaf Division, had just re- NO CLOSING COSTS. turned from a week-long field prob- lem. They were sleeping in—until VA-APPROVED 7:45 A.M.—when the calm of a beau- tiful Hawaiian morning was shat- CONSTRUCTION. tered by death and destruction. When the day was over, five Jap- $167.57 A MONTH. $18,640 Lexington, shown with optional garage. anese fighters had been brought down by small arms fire from the 24th. BUY NOW—before inflation drives the prices up—and you can own a 1, 2 or 3 bedroom home at Veterans Village for as little as $18,640 to $29,140* The fledgling division was the first (including landscaped lot), with carrying charges as low as $167.57 a month. Army unit to feel the fury of Im- perial Japan, the first to fight back. AS A QUALIFIED VETERAN, you are entitled to take advantage of a new low interest VA guaranteed mortgage to buy in Florida's first retirement community Immediately after the Pearl Har- especially for veterans. That means NO CASH DOWN, NO CLOSING COSTS, bor attack, the Division moved from LOW MONTHLY PAYMENTS, NO NEED TO DIP INTO YOUR SAVINGS. (Special Schofield Barracks to northern Oahu VA-approved model for qualified disabled vets.) to set up defenses against a possible ENJOY A FABULOUS FLORIDA VACATION FOR THE REST OF YOUR LIFE Japanese invasion. It maintained this at Veterans Village. Golf course, four maor shopping centers, Gulf Coast position for almost two years. beaches and fishing all within a five mile drive. Million-dollar clubhouse on In September 1943, the division the premises—pool, saunas, gym, meeting, game and hobby rooms (mem- moved to Camp Caves near Rock- bership optional). VA hospital 30 miles from Veterans Village. hampton, Australia, for five months BEAT WINTER. BEAT INFLATION. GRAB THIS CHANCE OF A LIFETIME TO OWN YOUR OWN training in amphibious landings and RETIREMENT HOME IN FLORIDA. SEND COUPON jungle fighting. On the last day of FOR FREE VETERANS VILLAGE KIT TODAY. January 1944 they moved again, this 'Prices subject to change without notice "Includes monthly carrying charges of approx. time to (Goodenough Island. prin. & int.; $14.98 r.e. taxes: $9.25 ins. We jump ahead to November 1945. The intercom clicked on and the I VETERANS VILLAGE, INC. voice of our navigator came through 3912 Seven Springs Blvd. Seven Springs my earphones as he said, "Sgt. Good- I New Port Richey, Fla. 33552 enough, look down. Not many people I AL-15 can say they have a tropical para- Send my FREE Veterans Village Kit (color brochure, model plans and 1 prices, and Florida inspection trip details) by return mail. dise named after them." We were flying at 5,000 feet in a I Name C-47 over a mountainous island off I Address the eastern tip of New Guinea. Be- low was Goodenough Island. I City . . State .Zip. Far from being a tropical paradise, I I would like plan a visit Veterans Village. Goodenough Island was in reality a to to I EQUAL HOUSING botanical, biological geological NO COST OR OBLIGATION Phone No. ( ) and OPPORTUNITY nightmare.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1977 National Park Service painting depicts Americans' privations at Valley Forge The date was December 19, 1777. Elizabeth in northern New Jersey. Brandywine Creek at the only ford Gen. George Washington and This freed most of New Jersey from (so Washington had been told) for 11,000 Continental regulars were British control and proved that the miles north or south. On Sept. 11, moving slowly through freezing rain Americans could win battles. Maybe Howe, having better information toward a place called Valley Forge. the fight for American independence about the fords, split his troops and The soldiers' morale was as low as could be won! sent half north to cross the Brandy- the temperature. They had fought During the summer of 1777 the wine and flank the Americans. The two battles during the past four scene of activity shifted to New York British move worked and only the months and had suffered two defeats. and New England. Gen. John Bur- stiff resistance by the Americans al- They were poorly fed, poorly paid goyne was moving down Lake Cham- lowed an orderly retreat. A young and poorly clothed to face the winter plain as part of what was supposed French general fighting his first bat- ahead. With Christmas approaching, to be a three-pronged British offen- tle with the Americans was shot in many would have liked to have dis- sive to cut off New England from the leg. His name was Marquis de banded for the winter and gone home the other colonies. Gen. William Lafayette. to be with their families—like mi- Howe in New York City was sup- The road to Philadelphia was now litia units had already done. posed to be a part of this effort. In- open to the British. The Continental Some of the soldiers had been with stead, Howe mapped a new strategy Congress hastily adjourned to Lan- Washington the year before when and took 13,000 British and 5,000 caster, 70 miles to the west, and things were going better for the Hessian troops aboard ships and finally further west across the Sus- American forces. During the night of sailed off to capture the rebels' capi- quehanna River to York, PA to spend Dec. 25, 1776, Washington and 2,400 tal city—Philadelphia. The British the winter. The Liberty Bell, then troops crossed the Delaware River landed at Head of Elk, MD, and pro- known as the State House Bell, was and made a successful surprise at- ceeded northeast toward Philadelphia carried away and hidden in a church tack on the Hessian army at Trenton, just 45 miles away. 50 miles to the north in Allentown. NJ capturing 1,000 soldiers. Just a Washington was ready for the Howe moved his troops to Ger- few days later, the Americans out- British, and he picked the place to mantown, just north of Philadelphia, flanked the British at Princeton, and block the advance. The Americans and set up camp. In October, Wash- moved on to take Hackensack and were dug in on the east bank of the ington tried to dislodge the British

8 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1977 in a dawn attack. But fog and poor communications were too much for

the untrained American troops ; al- though they fought fiercely, they were driven back in defeat. Winter was approaching and Wash- ington wanted to find a good place for a winter encampment. He wanted to move far from the British to a place where adequate food and shel- ter were available, but the Pennsyl- vania Supreme Executive Council demanded that the army stay close enough to Philadelphia to keep the pressure on the British, so their stay would not be too comfortable. The Pennsylvania Council even threat- ened to pull out the Pennsylvania troops and financial support if Wash- ington did not obey their request.

So it was that on Dec. 11, 1777, Washington and the American army started the 15-mile march to Valley Forge. Because of the bad weather and the condition of the soldiers it took eight days to cover those 15 miles. Washington's report to the Continental Congress indicated that many soldiers were in hospitals or private homes because of a lack of shoes or proper clothing. In addition, there were almost 2,900 men in camp Pennsylvania youths re-create a 1777 scene at Valley Forge Park unfit for duty. Many of the seriously sick and wounded soldiers were cared Valley Creek and the extremely steep ael Greene as Quartermaster General, for in churches converted to hospitals valley it forms protected the western the quantities of food and clothing throughout southeastern Pennsyl- approaches. The Schuylkill River pro- greatly increased as he foraged the vania—Quaker, Moravian, Baptist, vided protection to the north. country for miles around. This was Reformed and others. The outer line of defense ran along not, however, without hazard. One The village of Valley Forge, a dot the top of the plateau with earthen soldier was killed stealing a chicken on the map 20 miles northwest of fortifications added at key points. from a farmer. Philadelphia, was getting new neigh- The inner line of defense consisted of Much has been said of the suffering bors for the winter. The site selected a row of abatis (sharpened poles set and privation of the soldiers that for the encampment was across the in the ground at an angle) and more winter. It has been documented in Valley Creek from the village and earthen forts. These protected a ford several reports and letters that Wash- situated on farmland overlooked by and a bridge across the Schuylkill ington sent to the Continental Con- tree-covered hills. The village re- built for retreat, if needed. The can- gress and others. One statement ceived its name from an iron forge non under Gen. Henry Knox and the made by Washington has been carved built on Valley Creek in the 1740's. drill and parade ground were located in stone on the Memorial Arch at The Valley Forge was an important in the center of these defenses. Valley Forge: "Naked and starving supplier of iron products for the The British in Philadelphia were as they are we cannot enough admire American war effort. It was burned apparently impressed with the strong the incomparable patience and fidel- by the British in the fall of 1777 position of the Americans at Valley ity of the soldiery." when they were foraging through Forge and would not consider attack- In Paris on Feb. 6, 1778, Franklin the area. ing. But then General Howe and his participated in the signing of the When the American troops ar- officers were living comfortably in French-American military alliance. rived, the most urgent need was shel- the City of Brotherly Love. France had finally sided (officially) ter. Washington continued to sleep Life at Valley Forge quickly set- with the 13 American colonies. Soon in his tent until most of the 12-man tled into a daily routine—for sur- French soldiers, ships and weapons log huts had been built by the sol- vival. Food was in short supply be- would be arriving in America. This diers, He then moved into a farm- cause of the foraging of the British great achievement, however, was not house on Valley Creek. The other during the fall and the Americans' known to the army at Valley Forge. generals found lodging at other near- lack of hard cash to buy food from That difficult winter had to be en- by farmhouses. the area farmers. Inflation was ram- dured without encouragement from As soon as the huts were finished, pant and the paper money printed Paris. News of the alliance did not the 26-year-old French Gen. Louis by the Continental Congress was reach General Washington until Duportail directed the building of "not worth a Continental." Many of spring. But when the news finally earthen and wooden fortifications. the farmers in the area were not did arrive, there was a joyous cele- The area of the encampment was sympathetic to the American cause, bration at Valley Forge, complete wisely chosen for its strong defen- so they sold food to the British and with marching, troop reviews and sive position. A natural plateau faced were paid in gold. cannon salutes. south and east towards Philadelphia. With the appointment of Nathan- As spring bloomed into summer,

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE . DECEMBER 1977 9 the Continental army continued to gain in strength and morale. Ap- Martha Washington proximately 5,000 militiamen, their crops planted, rejoined the army. Washington was now waiting for Gen. Henry Clinton, who had just Shared Rigors of Winter replaced General Howe, to make his coach arrived at twilight of were to die of starvation, and at least move. In mid-June, Clinton moved Her a bitterly cold day in early the same number were to die of his army of 11,000 men and 1,500 February, passing through rows of such causes as dysentery, smallpox wagons out of Philadelphia heading snow-topped log cabins. Here and and overexposure. north across New Jersey. there were sentries, rags about their Yet there was a surprise party on Washington was ready and on feet in place of shoes, scarves tied Washington's birthday, Feb. 22. At June 19, 1778, he moved his army around their chins to protect their headquarters the cook had managed out of Valley Forge in pursuit of the ears and faces from frostbite. Bloody to get some fowl and parsnips. British. The Americans left behind tracks in the snow marked places Martha Washington was not the 2,300 of their comrades who were where men had walked. Heavy, acrid only woman at Valley Forge. Others too sick or ill-equipped to fight, and smoke from green wood fires per- included the wife of Gen. Nathanael about 3,000 who had died that winter. vaded the camp. Martha Washington Greene, an accomplished and bril- Washington followed the British had come to Valley Forge to spend liant woman who spoke French and across New Jersey and finally caught the winter of 1778 with her husband was interested in French literature; them at Monmouth Courthouse. The at the Continental Army's camp. General Knox's wife; Lady Stirling battle there was fought in extreme She was a plump, pleasant woman, and her daughter Kitty. Two daugh- heat, and both sides had heavy losses good-humored and quick to smile and ters of Gov. William Livingston of from the battle and the heat. General assumed by many to be the richest New Jersey also spent a few weeks Clinton moved out under cover of woman in America. Married first at at the camp. night rather than face another day 17 and a widow at 25, she was the Martha Washington visited the of fighting. Thus ended the last major mother of two children by her first men in the hospital daily, taking battle in the north during the war. marriage, and a grandmother. them soups and jellies she had made. On July 4, 1976, President Ford The wives went through the hol- celebrated the Bicentennial by flying low mockery of giving dinner parties. to Valley Forge to sign a bill making Although there was almost no food Valley Forge a national park. to be had, the Knoxes always man- What is there to see and do today aged to provide some sort of refresh- at the 2,200-acre Valley Forge Park? ments and the guests played cha- A stop at the visitors center near rades. Or they would gather in Mrs. the main entrance provides an orien- Washington's sitting room to sing. tation film, a museum and guided The headquarters building Martha tours. The main entrance is on PA and George Washington occupied route 363, two miles north of U.S. faced away from the camp. From 202 and the Pennsylvania Turnpike the front bedroom she could look out (Valley Forge exit). across an icy stream to where the Highlights include the streets of huts of the French engineer Louis huts, Memorial Arch, Gen Anthony Duportail's corps were located and Wayne's statue, Washington's head- could hear the ring of iron on iron quarters, bakehouse, observation from the work of the blacksmiths and tower, Knox covered bridge, star re- gunsmiths. The smoke from the doubt and Memorial Chapel. The Martha Washington forges and the cook fires was always chapel is privately owned, but is open present. A short distance from the to the public. There is currently a It was the third wartime winter headquarters building were the huts museum in the chapel. In March, a she was to spend with her husband, of Washington's lifeguards, 150 men new $1.7 million museum will open but until he had sent for her to join sworn to protect the General's life at the Visitors Center. The 11 states him in Cambridge, MA in the fall of at all costs. Martha Washington had (plus Maine) that had troops at Val- 1775, she had never been north of a small sitting room, and her own ley Forge have erected markers or Alexandria, VA. room, although tiny, was nicely fur- monuments. At Valley Forge she found Wash- nished. Behind the sitting room, on Across the Valley Creek and up the ington's headquarters was a simple the first floor, was the General's of- hill from Washington's headquarters stone building which had formerly fice, and a kitchen with a red brick is the picturesque farming village of belonged to a Mrs. Deborah Hewes. floor was across the hall. Valley Forge. (About a mile beyond The men lived in 1,000 log huts From her window Martha Wash- the village on route 23 is the na- which they had built, slowly hauling ington often watched Baron von tionally-renowned Freedom Founda- the logs into camp by hand. Al- Steuben drilling the troops, and she tion with its library, its statue of though the army had been at Valley saw the birth of a new army. Col. Washington at prayer and its "Medal Forge since December 19th, it wasn't George Baylor called his 3rd Conti- of Honor" grove.) until the middle of January that all nental Dragoons "Mrs. Washington's Valley Forge is more than a vaca- the cabins were completed. Washing- Guards" in her honor. tion. It is a spirit—a quiet spirit. It ton had lived in a tent until his men With the arrival of spring Martha is not the scene of a great battle. were housed. Washington left the army to return Rather, it is the scene of quiet pri- When Washington entered Valley to Mount Vernon, but she was to vate battles—a determination to sur- Forge he had between 11,000 and spend five more long, hard winters vive and a belief in the cause of 12,000 men, but only two-thirds of with the Continental forces. independence. —Donald Entner them were fit for duty. About 1,500 —Charlotte H. Peaslee

10 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1977 General Washington's Pensioners

Revolutionary War Soldiers Waited Until 1818; Heres the Story of One and His $96 a Tear

"NOTICE ! By an Act of Congress wrote in a letter, "Mary is an esti- 1 cow $12.00 all Army and Navy veterans are mable wife." 1 hog $ 3.00 eligible for a pension of $96 a year. They moved to Stillwater, NY and 5 old kitchen chairs $ 1.50 Bring discharge papers and list of in 1786 Zephon was in a surveying Two beds & bedding (no valuation holdings including personal proper- party that was establishing boundary noted) ties." lines between New York and Penn- 1 pitcher $ .25 Veterans of recent wars can con- sylvania. He joined the militia when 6 earthern plates $ .75 trast their pension checks with the the family lived in Sheshequin, PA 2 earthern bowls .$ .25 first allowance voted by an Act of and he was given the rank of major. 3 table spoons $ .25 Congress March 18, 1818, for Revolu- He was known as "Major Flower" 1 pewter platter $ .50 tionary War veterans. until his death. He was Bradford 6 tea cups & saucers $ .25 1 earthern teapot Pvt. Zephon Flower was typical of County's first resident surveyor. , $ .25 the men of Concord, Valley Forge When he applied for the veterans' 1 teakettle, cracked $ .50

1 salt . and Yorktown. He waited three years pension in 1821, he swore and showed dish & pepper box . .$ 1.20

1 . . . before applying at 56, though he had proof he had served in the Conti- cream cup & tumbler .$ .25 enlisted when he was scarcely more nental Army. He swore he had no 1 looking glass $ 1.00 than a child. other income than as a farmer, nor 1 rake & hoe $ 1.00

1 . . Zephon ("Zi-phone") was born in had he disposed of any property to Scythe & hanging, old . .$ 1.00 January, 1766, near Hartford, CT Congress boosted pensions to $100 the son of Asenath Nathaniel and a year on June 7, 1832, but Major Flower. His ancestor, Lamrock Flower did not apply until May 13, Flower of Rutlandshire, England, had Pvt. Zephon 1851. His once handsome signature emigrated to America about 1685. was now a wavering script. He was Zephon's father gave his children Joined at 13; 85 and living with a son in Athens, names from Holy Writ. "Zephon" PA. Mary had died in 1848. is hidden among the geneologies in The Bounty Act of March 3, 1855, Numbers. It is mentioned only once Lived to See entitled Revolutionary War veterans in the Bible. to 60 acres of land. Zephon's applica- The boy had just turned nine at U.S. Flourish tion was dated April 30th of that the time of Paul Revere's ride. He year. His signature was barely legi- waited four years, then, falsifying ble. He was 89. He died Sept. 26, his age, he enlisted at New Hartford 1855, and was buried beside his fam- under Capt. Maxwell Taylor of the diminish his holdings and bring him- ily in the Tioga Point Cemetery he Light Dragoons, in March 1779. self under the provisions of the Act. had platted many years before. He discovered little glory. Troops Twelve children had been born to —Margaret M. Damp slept three or four to a tent, without Mary and Zephon, but when he ap- mattresses, their dirty blankets plied for his $96 a year pension only spread over branches for a pallet. three were at home. Others had died Their muskets were slow to fire, mis- or had moved west. firing about 10 percent of the time. Records of the Revolutionary War But Zephon had his share of sentry Pension applications list the Flower duty and family records tell of his household on May 7, 1821, as con- challenging General Washington, sisting of "Zephon, aged fifty-six, a though he knew the great man well. wife aged fifty-six, one daughter aged "Halt!", cried Zephon when the thirty-five, one son aged fourteen, general approached. He refused to let one son aged nine." This was the list him pass without the countersign. of his properties as sworn to by the "Good boy. Good soldier," said Provost Burrat Ridgeway: Washington, as he threw the boy a One old table $ .50 silver half-dollar. One water tub $ .75 Zephon Flower received an honor- One small wheel $ 2.00 able discharge "at the satisfaction of Six knives & forks $ 1.00 peace." He had served two years and One candlestick & snuffer . . . $ .25 four months, and was a private at One meal cask $ 1.00 mustering out, June 12, 1783. The 1 pair fire dogs $ 1.00 young veteran returned to his home 1 rake & hoe $ 1.00 in Hartford and married Mary 1 shovel & tongs $ 1.00 The young sentry demanded the counter- Patrick two years later. He once 1 trowel .'. $ .50 sign from General Washington

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1977 \\ 3he Story of

More than 150 years have tended trade fairs all over Germany. passed since "Silent Night, Thirteen years later a Catholic Holy Night" first was sung in the Most Revered choir in Leipzig sang "Silent Night" this tiny chapel of St. Nicholas at Obern- and it was from there that dorf, Austria. Carol Was First "Tyrolean folk song" started its long, Since that Christmas Eve in 1818, glorious journey around the world. innumerable legends have been in Everybody loved it, yet nobody woven around the birth of the seemed to know where it had origi- world's most beloved carol and have Austrian Church nated. Not until 36 years later, in been told and retold by one genera- 1854, did a member of the Imperial tion to the next. Court Chapel in Berlin begin to "Silent Night, Holy Night" today search for its creator. year, Franz is sung in the smallest village In December of that appointed churches; it opens and closes the Gruber, who had been Christmas services of the world's organist and choirmaster of the most famous cathedrals; it has been parish church in Hallein, wrote a adapted for every instrument, for letter to Berlin supplying the au- symphony orchestras, huge choirs thentic background of the carol and and children's groups; its words enclosing short biographies of him- have been translated into almost all self and Father Mohr. From this letter it is known that the languages of the globe ; the words touch everybody with their simplicity Father Mohr was born on Dec. 11, and their message of the peace and 1792, on Salzburg's Steingasse, only happiness of the season. a 10-minute walk from the house on The author of the lyrics was the other side of the Salzach River Father Josef Mohr, vicar of St. where Mozart was born. Nicholas. He was a deeply religious He financed his studies at the man who believed in the goodness of famous high school in Kremsmuen- mankind. His close companion was ster in Upper Austria by giving Franz Gruber, teacher and organist music lessons. After high school, he attended the seminary in Salzburg, from nearby Arnsdorf , who wrote the music. where he was ordained to the priest- Peace had returned to Europe after hood on Aug. 21, 1815. Father Mohr the Napoleonic wars, and people in died on Dec. 4, 1848, as the vicar of Oberndorf on the Salzach River were Wagrain near Salzburg. getting ready for midnight mass. Loved and cherished by everyone, This year the service would be less he was so poor that the city had to impressive, they felt, because the old pay for his burial. organ was in need of repair and they Franz Gruber also came from a would have no music. Little did they modest background. Born on Nov. know that their young pastor and his 25, 1787, in Unterweinburg, he de- friend had collaborated on a Christ- veloped an interest in music at an mas song for the community, a sim- early age. He took violin lessons, and ple melody that would touch their started playing the organ, over the father, a poor hearts and fill them with tremendous initial objections of his joy. linen weaver. Father Mohr finished the verses Gruber took a teaching job in the late in the afternoon of Dec. 23 and village of Arnsdorf and played the This sketch shows the principals and the organ in St. Nicholas church in took them to Gruber, who scored church where the prime Christmas song, close them for two voices and choir in a "Silent Night," was first sung more than Oberndorf, where he became short time. Playing a guitar as ac- 150 years ago friends with Father Mohr. In 1833, companiment, Father Mohr blended Gruber took the post in Hallein, his tenor with Gruber' s bass in the During the spring of 1819, Carl where he remained until his death melody, while the choir repeated the Mauracher traveled to Oberndorf to on June 7, 1863. last two lines of each of the original repair the organ. While working on The old church of St. Nicholas is six stanzas in four-part harmony. No- the instrument, he found the hymn, no longer there. Battered by the flood last body knows whether "Silent Night" listened to it and was so impressed waters of the Salzach, it saw its stands a was first presented during or after that he asked to take it to his home service in 1903. In its place Silent the Mass. Most believe it was sung in the Tyrol, an area of many travel- memorial chapel called the just before the congregation left the ing singers. It also was heard by the Night Chapel, which today is a major all over chapel, but it is certain that the Strasser brothers, glovemakers who attraction for tourists from churchgoers were deeply moved. regularly visited customers and at- the world. —M. S. Chipp

12 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1977 .

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THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1977 15 from the Enterprise, approached the blacked-out island. (Clark remembers that MPs on Oahu were shooting out lights that night if island residents failed to HARBOR: gunners the PEARL douse them.) Jumpy on ground, firing at anything that moved, opened up on the Navy planes with machine guns and antiaircraft Where Time fire, knocking down four of them and killing their pilots. The shell flashers and tracers lac- ing the sky—which Clark at first Stood Still thought came from a sea duel be- tween American and Japanese battle- ships—and the death pyres of four Navy fighters, became a beacon to forget his wedding end of his Navy enlistment, held on man may guide Clark home into the concen- date or his house payment but duty because of the deteriorating in- A trated fire of "friendly" gunners. into history. ternational situation. not the day he walked Clark's planes turned on their land- years later, five men Weeks earlier, the Shaw had de- Even 36 ing lights and bored in. "Tracers missing quart of milk, an parted Mare Island Naval Shipyard remember a were zooming past all over the vacation, a dirtied uni- north of San Francisco, CA, after a unscheduled place," he said. Thirty or 40 hits lost sailboat and a frightened refitting, stopped in San Diego, CA, form, a chewed his plane's tail to pieces, but stopped her home port, and proceeded to man's feeble wisecrack. Time missed the occupants. Both planes Pearl Harbor. Cargile grabbed some on Dec. 7, 1941. landed safely. leave to visit his family in San The five men involved here all "Seagulls were getting shot down County, Diego. He was to rejoin his ship found their way to Brevard for a week after the attack," Clark retire the "Space in Hawaii. He was still in San Diego FL to work or on said, adding that everyone on the on Dec. 7. Coast" that stretches south from island expected the Japanese to fash- Two bombs hit the Shaw, explod- Cape Canaveral. Each is, in one return. ing her forward magazine and 800 ion or another, a survivor of the "They could have had the whole . rounds of ammunition for five-inch Japanese place if they'd come back," he said. guns. The ship broke in half at the Albert M. Cargile, 70, of Merritt "They had a tremendous advantage Island, chief war- bridge. Thirty of Cargile's shipmates FL, a former Navy in the beginning. The ships were still years' service, died in the explosion. rant officer with 30 smoking six days later." Cargile finally reached Pearl Har- was a chief machinist's mate as- After the attack, Clark couldn't bor on Christmas Eve, 1941. He signed to the USS Shaw find a 16 -foot sailboat he kept tied helped rig the Shaw's recovered y2 in Pearl Harbor drydock. up along the edge of the harbor. He Clark, a stern section for towing back to Mare Air Force Col. Jack 57, deducted a $500 loss on his 1941 in- a second lieu- Island in California, where crews 30-year veteran, was come tax return. "It raised some copilot in a twin- literally grafted a new bow onto her. tenant in 1941, a eyebrows, and IRS called me in, but obsolete Douglas Bolo With his reborn ship, he returned to engined, B-18 they finally allowed it." the Pacific and saw action at Guadal- bomber at Hickam Field. The war took Clark to Europe to retired canal, New Britain, Bougainville, Col. Eugene E. Wilson fly A-20 Boston attack bombers , , Okinawa and else- from the Air Force after 25 years, against German buzz-bomb positions where. Only 43 men out of 170 as- then worked on the ballistic missile and D-Day targets on France's Cher- signed to the ship on Dec. 7, 1941, program. On Pearl Harbor day, he bourg Peninsula. was also a first lieutenant at Hickam survived the war. Field, and assistant inspector general * of the old Army Air Corps' Hawaiian A chance side trip also spared A trip to town for a Sunday morn- units. Clark to fight the war. He and three ing flying lesson put Bill Draper Bill Draper, 59, of Merritt Island, other officers flew two bombers to squarely in the middle of one of the a five-year Navy man and now a per- Hilo, 220 miles southeast on the most ferocious Japanese attacks. He sonnel specialist with RCA at Cape island of Hawaii, two days before and two companions had just reached Canaveral, was a third-class petty of- the attack. the mainland from Ford's Island ficer in a PBY patrol plane based on When rumors of an attack swept when waves of planes raced in low Ford's Island. Hilo the pilots radioed Hickam Field. over Diamond Head. Retired Navy CPO Wade Harris, Ordered to stay put till dark, they "I didn't know a Zero from a 57, of Cape Canaveral, had just be- sweated out the day, then took off B-17," Draper recalled. "I saw the gun 22 years' service when the Jap- after dark under "absolute radio red balls on the planes, but didn't anese struck Oahu. He . was an silence." know it was the Japanese emblem. I ordnanceman second-class at Kane- "Between clouds, the blackout and remember saying, 'What's the matter ohe Bay Naval Air Station. He main- smoke we missed Oahu," Clark said. with those stupid Army guys flying " tained rocket launching pads until "We knew we had flown more than on Sunday?' he retired to Isle of Palms, SC. Wil- the required time but we couldn't see One of Draper's buddies, an ensign, son also has retired and lives in Sun anything. We didn't know where the recognized the planes as Japanese, City, AZ. But on Dec. 7 all will once hell we were." and blurted a deathless line: again probe the might-have-been. Then one of war's tragic ironies "My God, man, this is war!" In November 1941, Cargile com- occurred. "They came in droves," Draper manded the USS Shaw's engine room, Fifteen or 20 miles to the south- said, "one V-flight after another, and was four months beyond the east, six Navy fighters, flying in right down to the treetops, and just

16 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1977 —

Pictured above against the backdrop of A. B. Chesley's paint- F. Hughes, H. Raeubig, R. Nolde, G. LeClair, RAdm. W. Oute- ing of the USS Ward are: Crewmen at a reunion (l-r) W. bridge, B. Kinderman and H. Paynter. Their famous gun is Lehnrer, B. Campbell, K. Swedberg, C. Mogline, E. Childress, shown center. Right: B.J. Kinderman displays shells from Ward

The gun that fired the first telling conning tower. 06Jf5 com- 9, 1958, in time for the Minnesota American shot in World War II is menced depth charge attacks. 06^6 Centennial celebration. enshrined on the Minnesota state ceased firing and depth charge at- Each year since, the gun has been capitol grounds at St. Paul. Her ship, tack . . . 0706 sighted black oil bubble a special object of attention in the ." the destroyer USS Ward, lies at the 300 yards astern. . city of St. Paul. The Ward's 1941 bottom of San Pedro Bay in Leyte Commissioned in July 1918, the crew was made up largely of naval Gulf, the , sunk by a "four-piper" destroyer was retired in reservists from the St. Paul Japanese bomber on Dec. 7, 1944 1921 and recommissioned in 1941. area who three years to the day after the She was named for Cdr. James Har- had gained experience on Lake Su- Ward sank a Japanese submarine at mon Ward (1806-1861), a 40-year perior aboard the old gunboat Pa- the approaches to Pearl Harbor. Navy veteran. In 1944, as the fleet ducah, a veteran of World War I and The Ward's No. 3 four-inch gun prepared for the invasion of the the 1914 Vera Cruz, Mexico, incident. scored a direct hit on the submarine Philippines, the Ward was converted In 1976, the Dec. 7, 1941 No. 3 gun at 0645 on 7 December, 1941, an hour into an armed personnel transport crew reassembled on the capitol and 10 minutes before Japanese war- (APD-16). During this conversion grounds. It included R. H. Knapp, planes began their attacks on Oahu. her No. 3 gun was removed. Claimed C. W. Fenton, R. B. Nolde, A. S. The Ward radioed immediately to first by the Smithsonian Institution, Domagall, D. W. Gruening, J. A. Commandant, Fourteenth Naval Dis- the gun was eventually surrendered Peick, H. P. Flanagan, E. J. Bukrey trict: to St. Paul because Minnesota was and K. C. J. Lasch, plus their cap- "We have attacked, fired upon and the home of so many 1941 Ward tain, Lt. William W. Outerbridge. A dropped depth charges on a sub- crewmen and because of the efforts new book on the Ward and a photo marine operating in defensive sea of a unique group known as "The of the famous ship has been published areas." First Shot Naval Vets" who orga- by The First Shot Naval Vets. Priced Her log is more explicit: nized at the American Legion Hall in at $3.50, it can be ordered at 393 "Fired two salvos. Observed sec- St. Paul on Feb. 28, 1947. The gun West Wheelock Parkway, St. Paul, ond salvo to be direct hit on enemy was finally released to them on May MN, 55117. started blowing us to bits. The whole Then everything blew up around us. or four of them hit ships. They (the thing looked like a Grade B movie, The water was covered with oil, and Japanese) had beautiful execution. with planes going down in flames burning. The Arizona burned and ex- "I saw the Nevada running at flank and all. ploded for hours. I saw planes strafe, speed past our camp, going down the "Battleships were going up like bomb and , all at once. The harbor fast, and then beach herself firecrackers. When the Shaw went up torpedo planes circled up high, then up on the cane fields—right up into it was a monstrous sight. I felt the dropped long, shiny torpedoes pro- the mud. concussion and heat all the way grammed to turn maybe two seconds "We were pulling fellows out of across the channel, maybe 150 yards. after they were in the water. Three the water from the battleships for

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1977 17 —

hours, and all the time we could see ing three days spent ducking Jap- fire. And we could see the smoke planes burning at Hickam Field. anese and cannibals on one of the from Pearl rising above the moun- like "But that was just part of it. In Celebes Islands after an enemy tains. It was real bad .... a my squadron, whole hangars were "Betty" bomber shot down his PBY. scene out of hell. burning, all the planes, everything He also aided the original defense "We couldn't believe our battle-

the and later the recapture of the Philip- ships could be sunk...... I dived into a trench during strafing. I was wearing my dress pines, and he flew from Australia and "We were on constant alert for two whites, and you try unconsciously to New Guinea on night harassment days after the attack. We manned keep your whites clean. I remember and spy-drop missions in the coal- guns up on the hills, and brought out trying to keep things away from me. colored PBY's of the famed "Black sandwiches and coffee to the crews. Finally, an oil main was ruptured Cat Squadron." We expected an invasion. Everyone to the and oil spattered all over me. I fell took his white uniform down galley and dipped it in coffee to dye in it and skidded clear across the At Kaneohe Bay NAS, home base it brown. puddle. for PBY's, Wade Harris was on "I think if the Japanese had had "Our guns had been destroyed, so standby to go to Wake Island. the manpower and a big enough we grabbed anything to throw at the "I suppose the general feeling was tools, force, they probably could have cap- Japanese planes . . . hammers, that it was coming, but no one knew tured us like they did Guam." pieces of broken concrete. when," he says. "We knew, with the stationed on "The planes flew as low as your Harris, who had been Ford's Island several years earlier, living room ceiling, and once in a Pearl Harbor about a month while we saw stuff we threw disap- got to after attack, found most of pear into the props, and planes fall, the and the sunken ships "still where they but I don't know whether it was be- sank. Only the mainmast of the cause we had hit them. We were all Bombers Blasted young and stupid and like a bunch California was out of the water. The Virginia its side. It of miniature John Waynes, throwing West was on rocks at planes. astounded me. Planes Parked "It kind of gives you a funny feel- "One guy, though, grabbed a .50 ing to think about all the people who caliber machine gun from a wrecked were there and aren't here any more. PBY-3. He got off two rounds and On: the Ramps; A person gets bitter. But as time got knocked flat by the recoil. goes by, you begin to work that out Finally, he just lay on the ground, of your system. The Japanese are put his feet up on the gun's mount- It Was War! our allies now, and I guess that's a ing yoke, and fired from flat on his good thing." back. Harris spent another 23 months in "I remember crawling on my the South Pacific, and participated stomach in front of One of the in campaigns on and hangars. Burning planes were liter- in the Ellis Island group, plus the ally melting. Ammo was exploding United States helping England, that invasion of Tarawa. like popcorn. I finally got down on we were vulnerable. Still, we couldn't the ground to find air. I didn't think believe anyone could do anything like I was going to get out of that alive. Just as rude an introduction to that. girl that war awaited Wilson at Hickam Field, "I also lost my day "When they started firing, we still probably biggest loss of the whole where he stared literally—into the my couldn't believe it. But when we saw — girls to face of death that came riding down war. There weren't enough the Rising Sun emblems, we knew around in Hawaii and a guy who the north wind on red-circled wings. go it wasn't our air force." lucky. I was But unlike the others, he had had ad- had a girl was pretty A wave of fighters strafed and set her on Waikiki vance indicators. Intelligence brief- supposed to meet fire to seaplanes anchored in the bay. I Hawaiian Air Corps staff Beach at 10 or 11 a. m. never saw Bombers blasted planes parked on the ings to the her again. She worked at the sub ramps. on Dec. 3 placed the last known posi- started, they tion a Japanese naval force only base, but when the war "We ran in the hangar and tried of civilians back to the 1,000 miles from the islands. On shipped such to get guns out of the planes. We Sunday morning two other unusual States." shot down a Zero with a .50 caliber, things happened. The immediate raid didn't end the but a person didn't have much time day for Draper, however. to think (about) what he did. Wilson woke early in his quarters "Like a stupid kid, I volunteered "The hangar was on fire, a bomb at the end of Hickam Field nearest to go in an old seaplane and look had broken a water main and there the harbor. Neither his usual morn- for their carriers. The idea was to was no water pressure. Everybody ing newspaper, The Honolulu Ad- radio their positions before we were did what he could. One man in the vertiser, or the customary quart of shot down. Getting shot down was a area won the Congressional Medal of milk were outside his door. He heard foregone conclusion, but I was too Honor that day. He was wounded, later that the newspaper's presses dumb to know it. I sat at one waist but he helped rally people and get had broken down—whether by turret with a BAR on my lap, and a machine guns set up. chance or otherwise, he wasn't cer- guy sat at the other turret holding "At another hangar, we had some tain. And sometime after the attack, his a Tommy gun. That was all the fire- rifles, and guys started shooting authorities arrested Japanese power we had, and we were looking through the hangar window at the milkman for espionage. Wilson rea- for a carrier!" planes. A guy with us got credit for soned that the milkman wisely de- Fortunately for them, they didn't firing the first shot at them. cided not to be anywhere near Field that morning. find it. "Everything was burning—the Hickam Draper later continued a highly planes and all. The gas mains had Unfortified and uninformed, Wil- colorful career in the Pacific, includ- broken, and the vehicles were on son went back to bed, awaking later

18 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1977 to find the whole building shaking from what he thought was a Navy training exercise. He ran out the back door, then hustled back through Own this the house—grabbing a camera en route—and ran out the front to GENUINE GOLD PIECE stand in the middle of the street clad only in his pajama bottoms. at an unbelievably low price! (He got a photo across his vegetable garden of a Zero wheeling over the base.) A Japanese plane—Wilson never noticed what type—flew so low it was coming virtually up the street at him, firing as it came. Wilson said the bullets from its machine guns passed him on both sides, ap- parently missing only because the plane was so close that he was in- side the point where the fire con- verged. "I stood there transfixed," he re- called. "It went right over me, still strafing. I thought I was looking at a newsreel." Actual size He also watched in disbelief a Same as U.S. Ouarter 15/16" diameter Japanese plane's torpedo run on a ship in the harbor. The torpedo hit the water, struck the side of the ship and exploded. 7977 Christmas "I was willing to call the war a fold Medallion draw at that point," he remembers. Now you can own a genuine 10 karat gold Christmas medallion ... at an unbelievably low sufficiently After he recovered to price!!! Commemorates world peace in five languages. This rare gold piece is truly throw some clothes on, Wilson said, a collectors' item. Only 40,000 minted in the entire world before the dies are destroyed! he got to his headquarters, but de- Therefore, we must limit orders to 3 per person. The 1977 Gold Christmas Medallion fense mechanisms still were at work. is struck in a mirror-like finish. Also available mounted in a gold-colored pendant with His most treasured possession was 24-inch chain (shown below). This unique gold piece can be yours in a beautiful a Cord automobile. presentation case or fashionable pendant necklace designed for men and women. Think

of it . . . the perfect gift for family and friends! Truly a cherished keepsake "What if something happens to for many years. Quantity is limited! the car?" he thought. Order yours now!!! In his office, in the midst of havoc in a burning building, he read his • 10K Gold... not "gold filled" insurance policy on the car to see or "gold plated." whether it was covered. "The order of the day was just to • Limited edition — only $109.5 survive," he said. 40,000 minted. During the attack on Hickam, Wilson several saw unarmed B-17s • Available with optional GENUINE just arriving from the mainland GOLD MEDALLION pendant and 24-inch chain. crash-land under enemy fire, and Limit: 3 per person witnessed a famous incident in which • Includes serial numbered or $24.95 Zeros strafed a downed bomber certificate authenticity. mounted in pendant flown by Capt. Raymond Swenson, of Note: Due to fluctuation in blew the plane in half with cannon 30-day Money Back price of gold, we reserve • the right to withdraw this fire, and killed Flight Surgeon Wil- Guarantee. offer at any time. liam R. Shick as the crew scattered. He also was acquainted at Hickam AMERICAN COIN COMPANY, INC. • 12164 Ventura Blvd. • Studio City, CA 91604 • (213)980-8845 with Army Air Corps Lt. Kermit A. American Coin Company, Inc. charge this order on any of Tyler, the officer who dismissed Or 12164 Ventura Blvd. • Studio City, Calif. 91604 Dept. the following credit cards: radar sightings of an unexplained force of planes, later determined to Enclosed please find $_ in payment for: Visa (BankAmericard) be the Japanese strike force. gold pieces @ $19.95, plus $1.00 ea. postage and "I believe Tyler tried to pass the handling (Limit: 3 per person). (CAT. £101) Mastercharge American Express information to mounted in with 24-inch the Navy, and they . gold pieces pendant chain told him to forget it," Wilson said. @ $24.95, plus $1.00 ea. postage and handling Diners "But what he did would have been (Limit: 3 per person). (CAT. #102) Carte Blanche the natural reaction under the situ- NAME. ation at the time. He became a col- Account No. onel, and served honorably. ADDRESS. "He fought more than one war, CITY .STATE. .ZIP. like the rest of us." California residents must add 6% sales tax. Expiration Date (Continued on page 44)

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE . DECEMBER 1977 19 WW1 Ambulance DriverRemembers Tm Only BlindJ tan Pish!'

in 1916 With the smoke of battle in the background, AFS ambulances pick up wounded near Verdun

too barbaric to us. been 60 years since I first saw- Suddenly the quiet of the forest arts, seemed just It's Ameri- Paris as an American Field Ser- was shattered with the screaming Restless, adventure-seeking Princeton, Yale vice ambulance driver with the swish of an incoming 77 shell "made can students from volunteered paid their French Army and later in the U.S. in Germany." Three green drivers hit and Harvard ; bought khaki Expeditionary Force of World War the dirt just as the shell exploded. It own travel expenses; us uniforms from U.S. Army surplus I. I took my wife Dorothy back in was as if the blast had knocked sailed for France. Some 1975. Memory plays tricks; streets down. My steel helmet bounced off stores and the ambulances they and locations were pretty hazy and my head. On the front we knew we even paid for would drive. Sympathetic older men at a lull in traffic I stepped from the were safer without our pants than friends of France, curb to ask directions of a traffic without our helmet and I scrambled and women, funds for additional ambu- officer. blindly, arms flailing in search of donated Service At my "Pardon, Monsieur!" he the tin hat. As I got up one of my lances. American Field Ameri- turned toward me. His right hand companions noted a spot of blood on organized these idealists and bringing the lifted to the visor of his kepi. Un- the bridge of my nose. can volunteers began consciously, my 80-year-old verte- "Wounded already?" he quipped. wounded back from the front lines. students attending brae straightened a little; my right P2 was not the most advanced Eastern U.S. began to join arm lifted automatically to return poste in the sector but it offered bet- Midwestern colleges schoolmates. The idea his salute, just as it would have back ter cover for the ambulances to wait their former military aid to France in 1917. For a moment, my white casualty calls from PJ Gauche or P4. of non-combat do our hair was brown again and I could And casualties occurred everywhere spread. Many were eager "to could raise feel the khaki cloth, the wrap-around in the artillery exchanges. Bud part," but not so many required leggings on the calves of my legs, Lewis, a fellow volunteer from $600 or $700, the minimum hitch in the AFS. the high, stiff collar at the neck of Beloit, WI, was standing at the dug- for a six-month French paid each my jacket, the visored cap. out entrance the next day, Aug. 13, As volunteers, the cents The intense, personal emotions of when a French soldier across the one regular army pay—five 18 months in France on the Western clearing was decapitated by a shell (U.S.) per day. Front with ambulance 777 came he never even heard. On April 6, 1917, when the United and flooding back and were as vivid as I won no medals, but I'm damned States declared war on Germany McCormick, Notre Dame glistening in the sun. proud of my part in World War I. her allies, Col. Robert Chicago Tribune, noti- There was that first day on the Like my AFS comrades, i knew owner of The colleges in the area that he would front, Aug. 12, 1917, at Poste 2 in WHY WE WERE IN FRANCE. fied if he the Bois d'Avacourt. Just across the In the fall of 1914 I entered Beloit match any student's $300 join the for six little clearing was a 75 mm. French College. A war had started some wanted to AFS artillery battery. I parked my am- 6,000 miles away. "It isn't our war" months. I, from bulance near the first-aid "abri" we said, but as the months passed its O. E. "Doc" Loomis and back- (dugout shelter) and lifted the hood historic significance stirred our Janesville, WI, secured official Janesville Chapter of of the Model T to check the No. 1 youthful idealism. The German drive ing from the In personal spark plug, because the motor had on Paris, "City of Light" and Mecca the American Red Cross. the not been running smoothly. for Western students in the creative interviews with individuals in

20 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1977 ;

area we raised the $300 which Col- fulness, alertness and ingenuity than and cavalry, motorcycle dispatch onel McCormick matched and we we calculated. riders and Rolls-Royce staff cars, sailed for Europe with scores of Erize-la-Petite was a tiny village pontoons and machine guns made others on the SS Chicago of the located in a valley between two farm- the parade as varied as one could French Line. Two of former Presi- land hills some 20 kilometers north imagine on any Fourth of July. And dent Teddy Roosevelt's sons had the of Bar-le-Duc on the road to Verdun. we were a part of it ! It was stupen- cabin opposite mine and spent the We quartered for a few days there, dous to us—irresistible, glacier-like. whole voyage studying French. waiting to be attached to a French We were far bigger in our own eyes We left New York on June 20, Army division. Today, the road than we had ever been before. 1917, as private citizens with Ameri- through Erize is a secondary high- Racicourt was the base from which can passports. We landed at Bor- way; not in 1917. War correspon- we were to serve first-aid stations in deaux July 2. Because of the Ger- dents called it "The Great White the Bois d' Avocourt and Hill 304 man submarine threat our voyage Way" or "The Sacred Way." . sector. It was a war-torn village, was not publicized. Along that road rumbled the war still in range of Boche cannon. We We marched through the city in a traffic for Verdun. Day and night, slept in dugouts underground when column with Old Glory at the head; convoys of loaded camions (trucks) we could in around-the-clock shell- unannounced to be sure, but not moved slowly past the barn we slept ing. (Years later there was no trace unwelcomed. All along our route to in. The haymow was dry and com- of my sleeping quarters ... it was the railroad station we were greeted fortable and a grandstand seat from the mayor's garden producing vege- by hand clapping and shouts of which to watch the parade to battle. tables for his kitchen and flowers for " " 'Vive la France! Vive l'Amerique.' Loaded trucks whined down the his table.) We were taken across Paris to hill to the south of Erize in low gear Driving in daytime was not too AFS headquarters at 21 rue Raynard moved across the valley floor in high difficult. Even in the dim light on the —the same chateau in which Ben- for a few hundred yards, then forest floor we could see obstacles, jamin Franklin lived when he was shifted again to low to grind up the avoid new shell holes and recognize courting France for the American steep grade to the north. They slippery places. At night it was a dif- colonies. moved in close-order; not quite ferent story. No lights were allowed. A few days training familiarized bumper-to-bumper but so close that The woods were black. The wet us with basic French military terms pedestrians could seldom cross be- roads were black. Approaching and we were moved to a stone mill tween them. vehicles or horse-drawn ammunition at May-en-Multien for a few hours In August 1917, the French Army carriages were blacker shadows. instruction in automobile driving. In was desperate. So despite the fact Only that narrow, star-studded sky 1917, many of us college students that we were raw recruits, green- path overhead was clearly visible. never had had our hands on a steer- horns inexperienced even at the With our eyes glued to that narrow ing wheel. wheel of a motor vehicle, on Aug. sky path we kept our cars in the Three' weeks after landing in 11, AFS Section 31 joined that end- middle of the woods road, our ears France, word came that 21 Ford am- less parade of supply trucks and can- tuned to the sound of night traffic. bulances were ready at AFS head- non ranging from the little 37mm. to We could identify a returning quarters in Paris. Their chassis had the eight-wheeled 220s. Engineers (Continued on page 4k) been shipped from Detroit, but wooden bodies were built on them in Paris. The whole fleet of cars for our unit had been donated by mem- bers of the New York Cotton Ex- change. Seven has always been my "lucky" number. I was delighted when am- bulance 777 was assigned to me. It bore a brass plate with the donor's name, H. S. Shonnard. After our first front line assignment each of us wrote a letter to his donor, giving him an eyewitness account of the vehicle he had furnished. Each ambulance could carry three stretcher patients; two on the floor, one suspended in a rack below the roof. With the rack folded back and two short benches lowered, we could handle four sitting patients and two more up front with the driver. Spare space was piled up with knapsacks, bed rolls, canteens and rifles, all the gear an infantryman was responsible for in combat. Author Alonzo W. Pond poses with his French Army regulations were 777 ambulance in France in 1917. Lower clear. As drivers, each of us was left, he is shown with fellow Beloit Col- "captain of the ship." We were re- lege volunteers, left to right, Harold sponsible for our vehicle. Our duty Lewis, Pond, O. E. Loomis and Erwin was to move the wounded and sick Egger. Inset at upper right, Pond as he to safety. Sometimes operating a appears today Model T required a lot more resource-

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1977 21 —

Soviets Walk Old Trails in Africa

Ambitious 19th Century Tsars Made SeveralForays

But the Tsar Nicholas II in Lisbon and Paris Moscow dips into African af- ing compound in Alexandria. As commerce was gone by for Russian money and arms to in- fairs all the way from Somalia promising blacks and Boers Western leaders ex- the mid-13th century after the Mon- cite an uprising of to Angola, many South gols had invaded and destroyed against the British victors in press surprise and bewilderment over Russian Cities." Africa. After the British defeat, pro- Russian motives. They forget that Kiev, "Mother of posed the Boer, the tsar would be newcomer to Africa. Russian luck did not hold when Russia is not a Central early in the 18th century Tsar Peter "suzerain of South and The Soviets' recent moves are not Africa." their route un- the Great ordered Admiral Golovin all sudden nor is Russian to dispatch an expedition to Mada- A special study of early familiar. Men of Imperial Russia Russian settlement moves in Africa made in 1962 by Dr. were on many occasions intrepid and gascar, so that a could be built there: The two frigates Sergius Yakobson of the Library of successful pioneers in Africa. the scheme. Congress research staff shows that ago, on Feb. 22, 1962, leaked and foundered Fifteen years Afri- Komsomolskaya In the 1780's, Empress Catherine Moscow's current forays into the Moscow daily, Soviet II took time off her night life to can intrigues and battles with Pravda, smugly wrote: and military aid to political advisers and military in- "Today we are particularly pleased send advisers structors and Cuban soldiers is not that the first Russians visiting the exactly new. In the 1780's, Cath- Congo 75 years ago, unlike the Bel- erine II's officers were received in gian and American colonialists, Egypt with cheers. The Russian con- came there as friends, as scientists- sul in Cairo rose in power until for humanists." a time he seemed the real ruler of With pride and self-congratulation, the Nile. But today's Brezhnev the official organ of the Communist proves a bit smarter than Empress Youth League recalled the travels Catherine in one vital detail at least: and researches of Vasily Vasilyevich the actual fighting is being done by Yunker, the Russian scholar who in Arabs and blacks and thousands of the spring of 1887 returned to St. "visiting" Cuban troops. The Rus- Petersburg after seven arduous years sians themselves are in Africa as in the Congo. strategists and tacticians, not sol- "Unlike the intruders from the diers. West, the Russian scientist was In 1945, Molotov demanded from known for his comradely attitude to the Western Allies a naval base on his Negro porters," the Communist the Red Sea. They refused. In 1976 newspaper declared. "Having wit- and 1977, Brezhnev won footholds in nessed the colonialists' merciless ex- Somalia and Mozambique in the east ploitation of the industrious natives, and Guinea and Angola in the west he wrote of this in his many works Ali Bey in his re- of the continent. with indignation." How typical of Egypt's chieftain against Turkey. Her help was In 1888, Constantin Pobedono- the latter-day Kremlin rulers to volt Turkey won. When stsev, the Tsar's wily mentor and ascribe such kindly humanism to- substantial, but rid herself of elder statesman, then also in charge ward blacks not alone to the Marxist in 1883 Egypt finally country's control went of church affairs, met with Abyssin- ideology, but also the lovely qualities the Turks, the not the Russians. In ian envoys in Kiev, on their slow of the Russian people! Communism to the British, Tyutchev, a noted and painful journey to St. Peters- here goes hand in hand with old- vain did Fyodor poem "Russian burg. As these Africans were prac- fashioned Russian nationalism. Russian poet, in his the Nile as tically destitute, Pobedonostsev gave This would-be benevolent African- Geography" designate seven God-given frontiers them some money. He penned a ism of Russia did not start with one of the being not message to Alexander HE: "Perhaps Leonid Brezhnev. Josef Stalin de- of Russia (the other six and the Neva, but it would not be without value for manded a place in Africa's hot sun only the Volga the Eu- Your Majesty to receive these Abys- commensurate with what he said also the Elbe, the Danube, the Ganges). sinians," whose people back home in was a hallowed historic tradition. In phrates and the Imperial Africa, although savage, "from an- September 1945, his Commissar of In the 19th century clergy became in- cient times have maintained their Affairs, Vyacheslav Molotov, government and its Foreign their in Abyssinia (now Ethi- Christianity and now, with officially requested of the wartime terested claiming similarity and sympathy for Russia, they seek spiri- Allies a Soviet trusteeship over Tri- opia), her Coptic Church tual aid from us." politania wrested from Mussolini's affinity between Orthodox faith. In What a precedent for the 1970's Italians. and the Russian adventurer estab- when the Soviets insist their com- Especially in North Africa the 1889, a Cossack village on the missars and tanks are in Africa Soviet Russian ambitions rested on lished a short-lived proclaiming it as because benighted natives want ancient precedent. Back in 1001 Djibouti coast, Moscow. In Marxist revelation and revolution. Grand Duke Vladimir of Kiev sent Novaya Moskva, or New defeated Boer general nego- Pobedonostsev had a double plan his scouts to Egypt; then and later, 1904, a secret with diplomats of to follow up the Abyssinians' coming his merchants were busy at the trad- tiated in 22 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1977 —

to Russia with a permanent mission of Moscow priests to Africa; and to use as informants and liaison men those Russian travelers and adven- \feterans! turers who had already been to Abyssinia, Egypt and the Sudan. In 1848, Yegor Kovalevsky, a Rus- sian geologist and diplomat of con- Retirement homes siderable renown, had taken an expedition to and through Egypt. His in sunny Florida. men were mining engineers, trained in the Urals. He was invited by From Mehemet Ali, the ruler of Egypt un- der Turkish sovereignty, to explore for gold. Kovalevsky and his engi- neers were among the first whites to $23,490* map and describe the primitive Sen- * Lot included nar area between the two Niles, the White and the Blue. The expedition came as far as the Abyssinian pla- No cash down! No closing costs. teau. These Tsarist Russians an- nounced that they found gold and other abundant metals and minerals Choose from 2 and 3 bedroom single family homes with for Mehemet Ali's Egyptians, and said they taught their hosts a whole fully landscaped lot, central water and sewer, all elec- range of modern mining methods. tric, spacious recreational complex with heated pool, Kovalevsky named a part of the Egyptian-Sudanese backcountry "Ni- lighted tennis courts, shuffleboard courts. . .and many kolayevskaya Land"—to honor his other standard features. Close to American Legion Post Tsar Nicholas I. He called a stream 110 in Port Charlotte and Post 276 in Englewood. in that region the Nevka River after the Neva of St. Petersburg Near golf courses, fishing, (Nevka means Little Neva). On re- boating and shopping malls. 0 NORTH PORT CHARLOTTE turning to Russia in 1849, the for geologist-explorer-diplomat wrote tri- Send the coupon today a umphantly: FREE information kit that "Let these place-names show how includes model plans, color far a European explorer has reached, and to what nation he belonged." brochure, prices and a list In Tsarist times, as today, Rus- of 39 standard features. sians liked to tell the world how much they were loved by Africans r in grateful return for the care and tenderness shown by Russians to the blacks (as well as to Arabs). From Abyssinia, Kovalevsky brought to Russia a Negro slave whom he bap- tized into the Russian Orthodox faith, naming him Nikolai. Later he gave Nikolai his freedom. The Rus- sian poet Afanasy Fet reminisced touchingly: "But Nikolai, passion- ately devoted to his master, cate- gorically refused the offer to send him back to his homeland. He wished no change in his status." INDEPENDENCE Military men then as now were VILLAGE*! sent forth from Russia to explore * 100% VA mortgages available for qualified The Gardens of Gulf Cove dark Africa. In 1934, a Soviet editor veterans. PRICES subject to change without Port Charlotte, Florida of notice. Offer void where prohibited by law. Tsarist documents covering such (813) 697-3434 an episode wrote a caustic critique: "Officially, it (the military mis- INDEPENDENCE VILLAGE, INC. sion) was of scientific character, but 511 East Coliseum Blvd. Port Charlotte, FL 33953 actually it pursued political goals as Send my FREE Independence Village Kit (color brochure, model plans well . . . The French and Russian and prices) by return mail. governments repeatedly tried to

Name , strengthen their respective influences Address ———— in Abyssinia, first to offset the Italian City State- -Zip- imperialists, who had their ambitions Phone* NO COST OR OBLIGATION there; secondly, because from Abys- G I would like to plan a visit to Independence Village sinia it was strategically possible to Interested in a home with 2 bedrooms 3 bedrooms AL (Continued on page Jf2) J THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE . DECEMBER 1977 23 Opposing Views on a Question of Increasing Importance

Should Congress Approve

"YES" There are now between eight and ten million This is a complex prob- illegal residents in this country. Many of them lem, and one that re- have been here many years and have established quires an immediate so- productive lives—and make real contributions to lution. The President has our country. Many of them pay taxes and share in suggested a two-tier pro- the responsibilities of citizenship. On the other gram: "forgiveness"—or hand, a very small percentage are on welfare or amnesty — would be collect other social benefits. They are people who granted to those undocu- have, even without the proper papers, committed mented aliens resident in themselves to the United States, and we can no this country prior to longer treat them inhumanely. 1970; and a new class of Many of us are aware of the raids * that have "temporary resident ali- Rep. Herman Badillo taken place in big urban areas to round up large ens" would be created (D-NY) numbers of illegal residents at the same time. Such for those here a shorter able raids only point up the preposterousness of the time. Those in the second category would be notion that we can deport eight or ten million peo- to work here, and travel back and forth to their vote ple who are here without papers. I believe that in home countries. But they would not be able to SSI, order to adequately do that job we would need or to receive most federal benefits, such as more troops than we sent to Indochina—a patently welfare and Medicaid. absurd concept. There is only one realistic immediate solution to We have tended to make unregistered aliens the the problem, and that is to grant a total amnesty to in the United scapegoats of our economic ills, by comparing their those undocumented aliens already alien numbers to the numbers of Americans on unem- States. By providing them with resident citizenship "pipe- ployment. That is an artificial comparison, for many status, and putting them into the of our aliens work at jobs no American citizen would take. line," we will not only begin to solve one There has been much discussion of penalizing em- great national—and international—problems, but ployers who hire undocumented workers. It is my we will put the law to work protecting them, in- are already en- contention that if we penalized employers for their stead of persecuting them. They violations of the Fair Labor Standards and Prac- riching our society and should be allowed to benefit. tices Act, many more American citizens would be continue to do so, as we will all willing to work at jobs now held by illegal aliens to whom America is still the land of opportunity- even at one-third the prevailing minimum wage. As it is, only the employers benefit, as they have access to a market of cheap, diligent and productive labor, unencumbered by minimum wage laws or benefit requirements.

you feel on this issue, fill out If you wish to let your Congressman or Senators know how

24 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1977 Amnesty For Aliens?

Congress should not ing from illegal aliens is staggering. A recent study approve an amnesty commissioned by the Bureau of Immigration and for illegal aliens. Instead, Naturalization estimated that taking into account our efforts should be di- factors such as services, welfare, unemployment rected at 1) halting the compensation payments and displacement of U.S. flood of illegal aliens into citizens from jobs, illegal aliens cost U.S. taxpayers the United States and 2) about $13 billion a year. In other words, the aver- apprehending those il- age cost burden on the U.S. economy of each illegal legal aliens already in alien is about $2,000. A reduction in the illegal alien the country and return- population by one-third would save us more than ing them to where they $4 billion annually. came from. Amnesty would not solve Rep. John M. Ashbrook any of these problems. It is now estimated In fact, it would only make them worse. (R-OH) that between seven and An amnesty for illegal aliens is the wrong ap- ten million illegal aliens are within our borders. proach. That is why I have introduced legislation And every year hundreds of thousands more are (HR 7762) to reduce the flow of illegal aliens by illegally entering and taking up residence in our reducing their employment possibilities and by nation. According to the past head of the Immigra- strengthening the border patrol. This is the direc- tion and Naturalization Service, Leonard Chapman, tion in which the Congress should head. "We're facing a vast army (of illegal aliens) that's It is the first duty of a government to protect carrying out a silent invasion of the United States." and provide for the people it governs. I put our The continued presence of illegal aliens con- own workers and taxpayers first and that is why I tributes to our unemployment problem. It also costs oppose amnesty proposals. taxpayers billions of dollars every year in lost earnings and taxes, in welfare benefits and public services. I am especially concerned about the implications of amnesty as it relates to jobs. Millions of jobs that could be held by Americans have been taken by illegal aliens. This is unfair to the unemployed men and women of our nation who need a job. 0 Also unfair is that the presence of illegal aliens in the job market tends to depress and maintain low wage levels for American workers. Illegal I have read in The American aliens compete most directly with unskilled Ameri- Legion Magazine for De- cember the arguments in PRO & CON: "Should can labor. Congress Approve Amnesty For Aliens?" In addition, the cost to the U.S. taxpayer result- IN MY OPINION THE ANSWER TO THIS QUESTION IS: YES NO

SIGNED ADDRESS

the "ballot" and mail it to one of them. > TOWN STATE-

ay address an Representative c/o U.S. IS." Jl V House of Representatives, Washington DC 20515; any Senator c/o U.S. Senate, Washington, DC 20510.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1977 25 LEGIONNAIRES: Depending on Your Age You Can Get

Up to $11,000 in American Legion

Who Needs American Legion Life Insurance?

RETIRED THE VIETNAM ERA THE WORLD WAR II ERA THE LEGIONNAIRE LEGIONNAIRE LEGIONNAIRE of important func^ When your family is growing, you Now you and your wife are free to One the most estate need more life insurance protec- do the things you've dreamed tions of your insurance tion than anyone else. This Plan about. You need life insurance, should be to cover your final ex- provides the solution: maximum but not as much. The Legion penses. Your Legion Plan can benefits at a yearly premium most Plan provides affordable security help, at a price most can afford. families can afford. you and your wife need. And there's no waiting period.

Features That Make Your American Legion Life Insurance Hard To Beat! issuance of the policy IS YOUR PRESENT INSURANCE Plan to younger men and senior questions— upon the answers. In ENOUGH? citizens on a fixed income. may depend some cases a physical may be re- to the Department of According quested. Labor, inflation has stripped away the buying power of your dollar by SPECIAL 10% BENEFIT BOOST THE AMERICAN LEGION years. over one-third in the past ten FOR 1978 ... AT NO EXTRA CHARGE! LIFE INSURANCE PLAN Think how this has affected your ex- Benefits for deaths occurring in isting iife insurance protection! The only officially 1978 have been increased 10% for But as a Legionnaire in good approved Insurance Legionnaires of all ages. standing, under age 70 and able to Plan for Legionnaires meet the underwriting requirements in all states of the Insurance Company, you can take advantage of this inflation- INCONTESTABILITY don't have THE AMOUNT OF fighting insurance. You CHOOSE Coverage is incontestable after it to sit back and let inflation en- PROTECTION YOU NEED has been in force during your danger your family's security when With American Legion Life Insur- lifetime for two years from its effec- it's easy to do something about it! ance, you have a wide range of ben- tive date. LIFETIME BENEFITS AVAILABLE efits to choose from, since it's sold EXCLUSIONS Your American Legion Plan always by the unit. And you can add units No benefit is payable for death as a in the . provides some coverage (subject to up to the maximum of six result of war or an act of war, if future, if you can meet the un- continued premium payment) even death occurs while serving, or though the amounts reduce at cer- derwriting requirements at the time. within six months after termination tain ages. APPLY YOU OWE IT TO YOURSELF TO of service, in the military, naval or YOUR PREMIUM NEVER GOES UP An application is included at right air force of any country or combina- 1277A This makes it an especially valuable for your convenience. Answer all the tion of countries. 26 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1977 —

Life Insurance For Only $24 a Year!

BENEFITS—Annual Renewable Term Insurance (Policy Form GPC-5700-374) Benefits determined by age at death and include 10% SPECIAL INCREASE APPLY TODAY for deaths occurring during 1978. Maximum coverage limited to 6 units. Why not take advantage of this Age at Death 6 Units 5 Units 4 Units 3 Units 2 Units 1 Unit opportunity right now? Just select Through age 29 $66,000 $22,000 $11,000 $55,000 $44,000 $33,000 the number of units from the chart 30-34 52,800 44,000 35,200 26,400 17,600 8,800 35-44 29,700 24,750 19,800 14,850 9,900 4,950 at left, fill out the application below 45-54 14,520 12,100 9,680 7,260 4,840 2,420 and enclose your check or money 55-59 7,920 6,600 5,280 3,960 2,640 1,320 for prorated premium in- 60-64 5,280 4,400 3,520 2,640 1,760 880 order the 65-69 3,300 1,100 550 2,750 , 2,200 1,650 dicated to provide coverage for the 70-74* 2,178 1,815 1,452 1,089 726 363 rest of the year. 75*-over 1,650 1,375 1,100 825 550 275

Prorated Premiumf $144 $120 $96 $72 $48 $24

*No persons age 70 or over (including those desiring additional coverage) will be accepted for new insurance. IF YOU LIVE IN FL, IL, NJ, NY, NC, OH, PR, TX, or Wl send for special application. Ap- APPLICATION. The premiums shown tPRORATED PREMIUM TO SEND WITH YOUR plications and benefits vary slightly in some January 1, 1978. above are for the full year of 1978, for approved applications effective areas. Premiums for applications approved for February 1 or later are proportionately less, at $2 CHECK PER MONTH PER UNIT, and any overpayments will be refunded. Premiums accompany- MAKE ing non-approved applications will be refunded in full. OR MONEY ORDER PAYABLE TO: The American Legion Life Insurance Plan EFFECTIVE DATE Your insurance becomes effective on the first day of the month coincid- ing with or next following the date your application is approved by the Insurance Com- MAIL TO: pany. Insurance may be maintained in force by payment of premiums when due. The American Legion Life Insurance Plan P.O. Box 5609 Application Subject to Underwriter's Approval j Chicago, Illinois 60680

NOTICE OF DISCLOSURE ENROLLMENT CARD FOR YEARLY RENEWABLE TERM LIFE INSURANCE FOR MEMBERS OF THE AMERICAN LEGION OF REFORMATION Information regarding your .Birth Date. Full , will Name— insurability be treated as Last First Middle Mo. Day Year confidential except that Occi- dental Life Insurance Company Permanent Residence, of California may make a brief Street City State Zip report the Medical Informa- to, Name of Beneficiary- -Relationship. tion. Bureau (M.I.B.), a non- Example: PrinW'Helen Louise Jones." Not "Mrs. H. L. Jones" profit membership organization Membership Card No Year -.Post No._ -State- of life insurance companies __ which operates an information I apply for the amount of insurance indicated below, (check appropriate box or boxes). exchange on behalf of its mem- 6 Units 5 Units [ 4 Units 3 Units 2 Units 1 Unit n *4 Unit bers. Upon request by another The following representations shall form a basis. for the Insurance Company's approval or rejection of this member insurance company to enrollment: Answer all questions. which you have applied for life

1. Present occupation? . Are yoU'now actively, working? or health insurance, or jq. which a claim is submitted, the M.I. B. Yes No n If no, give reason will supply such company with Have you been confined in a hospital within the last year? No p Yes If yes, give date, the information it may have in length of stay and cause- its files. 3. During the last five years, have you had heart disease, circulatory disease, kidney disease, liver disease, Occidental may also release lung disease, diabetes, or cancer, or have you had or received treatment or medication for high blood information in its file to its re- pressure or alcoholism? No Yes If yes, give details, insurers and to other life in- surance companies to which you ! represent that to the best of my knowledge, all statements this enrollment true may apply for life or health in- and answers recorded on card are and complete. I agree that this enrollment card shall be a part of any insurance granted upon it under the policy. surance, or to which a claim is I authorize any physician or other person who has attended or examined me, or who may attend or examine me, to submitted. disclose or to testify to any knowledge thus acquired. Upon rece'ot of a request from Signature of

. Dated 19. , _ , Applicant. you, the M.I.B. will arrange dis- The American Legion offers this Insurance through Occidental Life Insurance Company ot California, 1277A closure of any information it GMA-300-19 10-70 Home 0, ' ice: Los Angeles, California may have in your file. Medical (Univ.) information will only be dis- ACKNOWLEDGEMENT closed to your attending physi- AND AUTHORIZATION

I have the Notice of I cian. If you question the ac- received and read Disclosure of Information at left. Further, authorize any curacy of information in the physician, medical practitioner, hospital, clinic, or other medical or medically related facility, in- Bureau's file you may seek cor- surance company, the Medical Information Bureau or other organization, institution or person having rection in accordance with the any records or knowledge of me or of my health to give Occidental Life Insurance Company of procedures set forth in the Fed- California any such information. eral Fair Credit Reporting Act. A photographic copy of this authorization shall be as valid as the original. The address of the Bureaw's in- formation office is P.O. Box 105, Dated 19 Signature of Applicant Essex Station, Boston, Mass. I apply for additional Legion Life Insurance. My present certificate number is . ,. . 02112; Phone (617; 426-3660.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1977 27 '•The Storg of %e tyo'mgett'ta How a South Carolina Diplomat Gave Us the Christmas Flower

of the named in honor of Poinsett, thus the When Joel Roberts Poinsett was de la Noche Buena" (Flower sent to Mexico in 1822 as a Nativity) —possibly because of this name poinsettia. referred to diplomatic representative for Presi- legend; but more probably because When Poinsett had having "painted dent James Monroe, he never en- the flower in its wild state blooms the poinsettia as most accurate. The visioned that the mission would lead just in time for the Christmas sea- leaves," he was coun- red, petal-like formation is not the to the discovery of a beautiful, son. In some Latin American as believed to be by unique flower, one that would be- tries it is also called "Noche Buena" true flower modified leaf or come a worldwide symbol of the many, but a highly are clustered Christmas season. Nor did he ever bract. The true flowers yellow, club-shaped pods, imagine, in his wildest dreams, that in tiny insignificantly in the the flower eventually would bear his which grow or leaf name and be known as the poin- center of the colored collar formation. Ecologists claim that the settia. leaves An avid and talented botanist, plant developed the colored a lure to Poinsett was curious about the plant (red in the wild state) as insects, thus providing fertilization life he found throughout his travels plant to plant. in Mexico. One plant especially in- from the poinset- trigued him, not only because of its Botanically speaking, spurge unusual form, but because the peo- tia is a shrub belonging to the Euphorbia pulcher- ple expressed a particular fondness family—genus rima, having a milk-like substance for it. stalk or stem. It is Loving brilliant color, Mexicans throughout its native to Mexico, and Central and used it to decorate their homes and churches. It also had a special sig- South America. growers, its bloom nificance when used to beautify the According to depends on exposures to 70 consecu- nacimientos—the little scenes erected 13 hours of dark- to represent the Nativity during the tive days having temperatures Christmas season. ness each night, with 65 degrees. Legends about the plant with its that range from 60 to Hemisphere's "painted leaves" were many and va- Since the Northern nights begin in the fall, the ried. One of Aztec origin told of a long usually is princess who had loved unwisely and flower's blooming period around the Christ- was taken into the sky by rankled triggered to occur grown in green- gods to separate her from her lover. mas season. When the blooms can Drops of blood from her "broken houses, the timing of finer degree heart" fell to the earth, and wher- be controlled to a much the use of artificial light. ever the drops fell—a bright red through percent of all the hybrid flower sprang to life. Ninety The most popular legend Poinsett poinsettias grown in the world are raised in San Diego came upon told of a poor little Mex- now said to be these stock ican girl (in some versions it's a County, CA. It is from in Onofre, Carlsbad and little boy) who was heartbroken be- farms San Encinitas that nurseries throughout cause it was Christmas Eve and she get their had nothing of value or beauty to the 50 states and beyond offer to the~Holy Infant. On her way or "Flore de Pascua" (Christmas root stock, these farms belongs to church, an angel appeared and Flower). The largest of bade her gather up some of the The more Poinsett heard about the to Paul Ecke of Encinitas, who is the scrawny weeds growing along the flower, the more interested he be- largely responsible for making commercial road and take them into the church, came in its growth pattern. When flower one of great in when his The young girl did as she was bid he returned to the United States value. It all began 1906 Albert Ecke, and, much to the shock of others in after his diplomatic mission, he took father, German-Swiss flower- the church, laid the weeds at the a number of cuttings to the green- introduced the flower in his Hollywood, foot of the nacimiento as her offering house on his Charleston, S.C. planta- and vegetable business in are the of love to the Holy Infant. Compared tion. As the plant flourished, he sent Today, the Ecke farms growers to the other gifts, the weeds were, cuttings to other U.S. botanists and world's largest commercial indeed, very poor. But as she knelt interested nurserymen, including the of poinsettias. died Dec. in prayer, the ugly weeds were National Institute for the Promotion Joel Roberts Poinsett flower transformed into a lovely bouquet of of Science (a forerunner of the 12, 1851, unaware that the bear scarlet brilliance—such as had never Smithsonian Institute), which Poin- he brought from Mexico would a be- been seen before. sett helped to found. A nurseryman his name and would become American To this day the people of Mexico in Philadelphia showed his gratitude loved symbol of the —Lucille J. Goodyear and Central America call it "Flore by suggesting that the plant be Christmas.

28 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1977 : : . . — : .

Veterans Newsletter

PRESIDENT SPEAKS AT ARLINGTON VETERANS DISABLED VETERANS RECEIVING DEAF EAR

DAY CEREMONY: Addressing a large Veterans FROM IRS Despite complaints , Internal Day crowd at Arlington National Cemetery, Revenue Service (IRS) is currently denying President Carter declared that the nation disabled veterans tax breaks to which they owes the Vietnam veteran "a special debt are entitled. . .Under current law, a person

of gratitude" . . . "To fight in a self- entitled to military retirement pay, which is sacrificial way in Vietnam, when there was taxable, may waive the military retirement not (a) depth of gratitude and commitment on pay in order to receive Veterans Adminis- the part of the people back home is an tration disability compensation, which is extremely difficult thing, even above and not taxable. . .While VA processes such beyond the difficulty of previous wars" claims, the retiree continues to receive

the President said. . .Carter stressed his payments from the military service con-

commitment to increase VA compensation and cerned. . . IRS continues to tax that money. . pensions, to seek gainful employment for However, in the case of Strickland vs. veterans, and to increase GI bill education Commissioner of Internal Revenue (540 F.2d

benefits. 1197 [1976] ) , the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit held that the GI BILL USER CHECKLIST: VA college coun- veteran is exempt from federal income tax sellors suggest the following for veterans on the amount of VA compensation to which enrolling in or attending school on the GI he or she is entitled from the date the Bill to speed up certification and check retiree is found to be entitled to such payment. . .File for benefits at least 2 months compensation, even though the retiree may

prior to the beginning of each term. . continue to receive payments from the

Register early. . .Avoid dropping classes services. . .It may be well for veterans in after registration. . .Double check on course this situation to claim the exemption (or choice to be sure it fulfills requirements pay under protest) until the situation for major... If break in education is neces- is rectified, either by voluntary action by sary, notify VA and give expected date of IRS or through legislation in Congress. return. . .notify VA of any change of address.

DEFENSE CHIEF BANS STRIKES IN MILITARY SERVICES Defense Secretary Harold Brown has formally prohibited strikes, slowdowns, work stoppages or "coercive picketing" by the almost 2.1 million uniformed men and women in the U.S. military services. . .The Pentagon directive is aimed at preventing labor union activity in the armed forces.

DEFENSE URGED TO SET UNIFORM DISCHARGE REVIEW STANDARDS: Following enactment of new bill setting case-by-case discharge review procedures, Sen. Alan Cranston (D-CA) — Chmn. Senate Veterans' Affairs Committee called on Defense Dept. for new uniform A new 500-bed VA Hospital has opened in Loma Linda, CA. Named for late California congressman Jerry L. Pettis whose standards. . .Bill affects 13,000 Vietnam-era influence was decisive in locating the hospital here, it incor- upgrades authorized by Pres. Carter as well porates novel medical and architectural features. The official as one million other eligibles from all hospital flag is the one that flew over the San Fernando VA Hospital destroyed in 1971 earthquake. service periods. . .50-60,000 service-con- nected disabled veterans with less-than- CARTER PLEDGES GUARD, RESERVE SUPPORT : honorable administrative discharges could President Carter has called upon public and be eligible for VA health care private employers to j oin him in supporting employees' participation in National AMERICAN VETERAN'S GROUP INSURANCE Guard and Reserve programs ... In signing TRUST Veteran's a Administration and Legion pledge that all Federal agencies will are receiving numerous inquiries concern- continue to support the programs, Carter ing the American Veteran's Group Insurance said : "My administration is committed to Trust... This is commercial group insurance ensuring that these vital forces are fully underwritten by the National Home Life As- manned, well trained and well equipped. " surance Co., Valley Forge, PA. The company is not connected with VA. .. Information about ANOTHER REMINDER ON WILLS: In light of commercial insurance plans can be obtained changes in estate tax laws and other Federal from the Insurance Commissioner in your regulations, veterans are urged to review state. any wills written before 1976.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1977 29 M AMERICAN LEGION EWS AND VETERANS AFFAIRS

Off To A Fast Start Court Orders 2nd Look At Vet Preference

A recent Supreme Court ruling and related hearings on Capitol Hill have heightened the controversy surrounding current state and federal veterans pref- erence laws. In October, the Supreme Court returned for reconsideration a lower mandated Federal Court decision declaring Mas- National Commander Robert Charles Smith presented the Legions Committee on Foreign sachusetts' veterans preference laws position on the proposed Panama Canal treaty to the Senate (USA-Ret.) (left) they discrim- Relations on Oct. 14. He is flanked by Maj. Gen. J. Milnor Roberts unconstitutional because Frank D. Rug- Executive Director, National Staff, Reserve Officers Association and inated against women. The Supreme Michael Schlee, Director of the Legion s giero, National Commander of AMVETS. G. its 1976 Chairman of Court decision was based on National Security-Foreign Relations Division and Dr. Robert P. Foster, behind Cdr. bmitn ruling (Washington vs. Davis) which the Legion's Foreign Relations Commission are shown immediately held that preference laws can only be termed unconstitutional if the resultant discriminatory impact is proven by in- tent. The burden of proof is now on the state to show that its preference laws "intend" to discriminate against women. The Massachusetts case had Ameri- can Legion interest from the outset. It was then National Cdr. Harry G. Wiles who urged the state's attorney general to file the Supreme Court appeal. What effect the ruling may have on other states' veterans preference laws is still Congressman Robin Beard (R-TN) and not known, but any state amending its National Cdr. Robert Charles Smith at laws for similar reasons must bear this the Na- Indiana Attorney General Theodore L. the Commander's Banquet for Supreme Court decision in mind. Executive Committee. Beard told Sendak (right) briefs National Cdr. Smith tional Assessing the high court action's re- No. 1 priority on the National Association of Attorneys the NEC that "America's state of our national lation to the Federal scene, the Legion's General's actions in opposing ratification today should be the for tomorrow." Austin Kerby of the Panama Canal Treaty security Director of Economics, said that "while the decision is encour-

aging, it will probably not affect current efforts to have veterans preference in Attorneys General Assn. Federal employment modified in Con- State gress. The right to preference has been granted by law and can be modified Treaty Fight or removed the same way." Joins Us in Canal Those who seek to amend the Vet- charge that it cites erans Preference Act Theodore L. Sendak, president of the ratification as unconstitutional. It gives unreasonable advantage to some Association of Attorneys Gen- a constitutional mandate that all federal National the expense of women. disposed of only with as- veterans at eral, has recommended to National property be There is no apparent attempt to elimi- Robert Charles Smith that sent of both houses. This would be Commander nate veterans preference outright, but formed in every circumvented in the Panama case, they a "Truth Squad" be Commission, the Gen- Senate approval re- the Civil Service post to combat ratification of the pro- say, with only % eral Accounting Office, and the Wom- posed Panama Canal treaty "by word quired. en's Action Equity League are proposing telephone calls and by Calling the Panama Canal the most of mouth, by could alter the current objective in the changes which writing letters to relatives and friends." important military the situation drastically. Sendak, Indiana's attorney general, Western Hemisphere, Sendak said Among their proposals are: met with Commander Smith to discuss treaty is "Pearl Harbor on the install- it now," • Limit veterans preference to no what both organizations can do to prop- ment plan." "If we can't defend can defend it more than 5 years after separation. erly inform the public about the treaty. he continued, "how we are away from there?" (Continued on page 33) Sendak's association is challenging when our troops

30 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1977 .

£ G. Lenihan Is Honored As Emeritus

Emmett G. Lenihan (WA) was named Chairman Emeritus of the Na- tional Security Commission at the re- cent National Executive Committee meeting of the American Legion. He is succeeded as chairman by Francis P. Kane (IL). Albert D. Brown, a state representa- tive from Texas, has been named to chair the Legislative Commission. The new chairman of the American Legion Magazine Commission is Milford A. Forrester (SC).

Lenihan

Other Commission Chairmen and vice-chairmen are: Rosalyn S. Yalow (inset) and Dr. Andrew V. Serially, Veterans Administration medical researchers, have been awarded the 1977 Nobel Prize in Medicine Americanism—Daniel J. O'Connor (NY); Vice- Chairman Jerome Irwin (IL) Children and Youth—Chairman Earl D. Frank- The year's end brings a crown of distinction for the too-often maligned Veterans lin, Jr. (CO); Vice-chairman Frank Piampiano (NJ) Administration Medical Service. Two of its researchers have been awarded the Convention—Chairman Lawrence E. Hoffman Nobel Prize for Medicine, the highest international honor in their profession. (FL); Vice-chairman Eric H. Smith (IL) Economic The two are —Chairman Al Keller, Jr. (IL); Vice- Dr. Rosalyn S. Yalow of the Bronx VA Hospital in New York City chairman Joseph Holzka (NY) and Dr. Andrew V. Schally of the New Orleans VA Hospital. They share the 1977 Finance—Chairman Churchill T. Williams (IA); Vice-chairman Walton D. Griffin (TN) gold medallion and $145,000 grant with another American, Dr. Roger C.L. Foreign Relations—Chairman Dr. Robert P. Gullermin of the Jonas Salk Institute of San Diego. All three were Foster (MO); Vice-chairman William G. Kays recognized for (PA) their independent research into the role of hormones in human chemistry. Internal Affairs—Chairman James P. Dean (MS); Vice-chairman Dr. Yalow is only the second woman to receive the Nobel Prize in Medicine. Dr. S. F. Saracino (MI) Legislative—Vice-chairman Gary W. Sammons (The first was Gerty T. Cory in 1947). Dr. Yalow was cited for her work in radio- (MI) immunoassays, the application of National Security—Vice-chairman Roscoe T. nuclear medicine and immunology to measure Morse (CA) minute quantities of biological substances in the blood. Her discoveries have opened Public Relations—Chairman C. D. DeLoach (DC); Vice-chairman Gil Moody (TX) new areas of diabetes treatment. She receives half the $145,000 grant. Schally and American Legion Magazine—Vice-chairman Gullermin worked on brain research linked with the treatment of diabetes, kidney Adolph Bremer (MN) Veterans disease, arthritis and other ailments. Affairs and Rehabilitation—Chairman W. F. Lenker (SD); Vice-chairman Chester F. The Nobel prizes were established in the will of Alfred Bernard Nobel, the Stellar (OH) inventor of dynamite and a noted Swedish scientist. On his death in 1896, Nobel stipu- $210,000 Voted lated that $8.3 million of his fortune be in- 1 I vested and that the interest each year be ft For A.L Baseball

I , distributed to those who have conferred the The National Executive Committee I greatest benefits on mankind in various fields has approved The American Legion of endeavor—physics, chemistry, physiology Life Insurance and Trust Committee's I or medicine, literature, and international fra- recommendation to authorize $210,000 ternity (peace). A prize for economics was in 1978 to support The American Le- added in 1968. gion Baseball Program. The money the For VA Medical System, often criti- comes from the excess over the basic cized by members of Congress and some premium reserve fund accumulated and 1 public health agencies, the Nobel Prize retained by the Legion Life Insurance was a triumph. VA Hospitals have led Trust Fund. the way in the application of nuclear medi- Incidentally, almost 60 percent of (Continued on page 32) the players in the '77 World Series were American Legion Baseball Pro- gram graduates. THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE . DECEMBER 1977 32 (CONTINUED FROM PAGE 31) The Nobel VA Doctors cine and Dr. Yalow said the Legion VA "was the first organization to ap- preciate the importance of isotopes in Legislative medicines." Dr. Schally said the Nobel recognition can bring new support to VA programs and promote "additional Calendar discoveries and develop new diagnostic and therapeutic agents which will not

This is the status of Legion-endorsed only benefit the VA, but all mankind." legislative programs as of Nov. 1, 1977: VA Administrator Max Cleland 6.6% Disability Compensation Increase—Public called Dr. Yalow and Dr. Schally "true by President. Effective Oct. 1, Law 95-117 signed giants" of medicine. Their achievement, 1977. "caps all of the honors Upgraded Discharge Vets Denied Automatic Bene- Neal Higgins he told them, fits—signed by President Oct. 8 (Public Law you and your co-workers have earned." 95-126). VA Chief Medical Director Dr. John 6.5% Disability and Death Pension Increase- Vkksburg, MS Veteran Is said the doctors "have added House Veterans Affairs Committee debating 25% D. Chase add-on for widows. 78 or older. Sen. Cranston Legionnaire of the Month greatly to the stature of American medi- may introduce more extensive reform package m cine and their Nobel award is the great- Senate. After 50 years of service to The National Academy of Science Study Threatens VA est recognition ever accorded the VA Legion expressed opposition to Legion in general and veter- Hospital System— American medical research program." Veterans Affairs Committees House and Senate ans in particular, Neal Higgins has been to NAS recommendation that VA hospitals be- National Cdr. Robert Charles Smith of proposed national health care re-elected as commander of Allein Post come part of The American Legion joined in the system. 3, Vicksburg, MS. Reduction in Acute Care Beds—Nat'l Cdr. Smith salute to the VA pair. "The presence to VA-proposed 5,000 Higgins was first elected commander expressed Legion opposition of these dedicated and outstandingly hospital bed reduction before House/Senate Vet- spent the of the post in 1927 and has in the erans Committees. talented medical researchers VA last 17 years aiding veterans obtain VA Judicial Review of VA Administrator Decisions- system, along with the many others we Legion consultant Golembieski, opposing Sen. benefits. that know are working tirelessly to achieve Hart bill, told Senate Veterans committee He is 84 years young, vigorous and present system is flexible, provides checks, bal- similar breakthroughs in other areas Hart bill would weaken the ideals of The American ances, adequate authority. dedicated to of research, refutes the arguments of and might adversely affect future VA authority Legion. That is why he has been se- medicine vet appeal cases by establishing rigid method of those who have branded VA "Legionnaire of the Month." operation. lected as ineffective," Smith said. Vet Preference in Civil Service—Nat'l. Economic Born in Illinois, Higgins served in Commission Chairman Keller testified before House World War I. During World War II and committees expressing Legion policy ensuring vet Membership Dates vari- preference for civil service jobs. the Korean conflict, he served on GI Education Bill—Senate-passed version calls for ous boards and commissions. The National Headquarters of The acceleration concept in 6.6% increase, introduces The witty World War I tank captain American Legion has received numer- using benefits, extends benefits to WW II Women retire- inquiries connection with the Air Service Pilots, and extends benefits to Viet- has worked without pay since his ous in nam vets 2 years past current 10-year delimiting ment assisting veterans in filing for and eligibility amendment adopted at the date. Bill now goes to House where latter two benefits. 1977 National Convention convened in provisions (opposed by Legion) may be stripped. obtaining VA Long debate expected; probably no action this "I help them get the right informa- Denver, Colorado, on August 23-25, session. tion to the Veterans Administration," 1977, which extended the eligibility Juvenile Delinquency—President signed Public helps lot of closing date for veterans of the Vietnam Law 95-115 improving Juvenile Justice and De- he says simply. And that a linquency Act of 1974. Legion invited to attend veterans. period from August 15, 1973, to May signing based on its continuing national effort to 7, 1975. improve juvenile justice system. To clarify this matter, National Military Unions—Legion testified before House Oratorical Contest Armed Services Committee Oct. 13 supporting Judge Advocate B. G. Davis reiterates: Similar bill legislation to ban military unions. Set for Oregon "Until the Congress of the United already passed Senate. States enacts a law amending Section Panama Canal Treaty—Cdr. Smith testified before The American Legion's Americanism Senate Foreign Relations Committee Oct. 14 ex- Commission has set its 41st annual Na- 5 of the Federal Act incorporating The pressing Legion mandate opposed to treaty. Sen- tional High School Oratorical Contest American Legion so as to reflect the ate has not set date for debate. closing date for veterans of the Auto Assistance for Pre-WW n Vets—Public Law finals April 21 at Klamath Falls, OR. new 95-116 signed by President provides auto allow- The Constitution of the United States Vietnam period, we may not enroll any ance and adaptive equipment to certain service- is the contest theme. Department con- new members under the amended cosnected disabled of WW I and after, prior to Sept. 16, 1940. testants will deliver a prepared 8-10 criteria adopted at the Denver Na- minute speech on some phase of the Con- tional Convention. Institute Army History stitution emphasizing duties and obliga- "Our Legislative Commission has The US Army Military History In- tions of a citizen toward his government. assumed jurisdiction over the matter stitute has observed its tenth birth- They also must deliver a 3-5 minute ex- and will keep us closely advised of the articles legislation's progress." . day. The Institute, originally named temporaneous talk on selected the US Army Military History Re- and amendments to the Constitution. search Collection, was established as The $44,000 awarded in scholarships Convention Sites '78-'82 a repository for historical materials to regional and national finalists is pro- The American Legion Convention Life relating to the Army. The Institute vided by The American Legion Committee has approved these sites prize is an now has a staff of 43 and over one Insurance Trust Fund. Top for American Legion conventions: million cataloged items. It sponsors $8,000 scholarship; prizes of $5,000, 1978—New Orleans the Senior Officer Interview Program $3,000 and $2,000 also are offered. Each 1979—Houston in conjunction with the Army War Department winner receives a $500 1980—Washington College. The Institute, housed in Up- scholarship. Eligibility criteria and con- 1981—Honolulu ton Hall, Carlisle Barracks, PA, is test rules are available through local 1982—Chicago open to the public. posts.

32 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1977 You canturn the CB boom into income... with NRI's Complete Communications Course National Cdr. Robert Charles Smith pre- sents a 60-year continuous membership pin to Internal Affairs Commission NRI can train you at home for a part-time job CB Specialist's Course also available. member Harry R. Harn (left). Ham, a or a full-time career in communications. NRI now offers a special 37-lesson course in CB WW I veteran, is a former NECman The field of communications is bursting out all servicing. You get your own 40-channel CB and a Past Dept. Commander. over. Millions of CB sets are in operation with Transceiver, AC power supply, and multimeter for millions more being sold annually. That means hands-on training. Also included are 8 reference

(CONTINUED FROM PAGE 30) countless careers in design, installation and texts and 1 4 coaching units to make it easy to get maintenance. Start training at home now, the NRI your Commercial Radiotelephone FCC Vet Preference way, to get your all-important First Class FCC License—enabling you to test, install and service • Veterans can use preference only Radiotelephone License and qualify for one of communications equipment. once. these openings. Over a million have enrolled with NRI. • Eliminate preference for retired Learn on your own 400-channel. digitally Send for the free NRI catalog and discover why military. synthesized VHF Transceiver. more than a million people like yourself have • Increase the degree of disability The 48-lesson NRI Complete Communications chosen the NRI way as the right way to get rating required in job register com- Course teaches you to service and adjust all ahead. You learn at home with bite-size lessons, types of two-way radio equipment (including CB), progressing at your own speed to your FCC > petition from 10% to 30%. using the one unit that is best equipped to train License and then into the communications field of • Dissolve or amend rule that says you for CB, commercial, and amateur your choice. There's no obligation and no only 3 top scorers for job can be communications: a "designed-for-learning," salesman will call. considered. 400-channel, two-meter VHF Transceiver and AC If coupon is missing, write: NRI Schools, 3939 Al Keller, Jr., Chairman of The power supply. Then we help you get your FCC Wisconsin Avenue, Washington, D.C. 2001 6. American Legion's National Economic Amateur License, with special instruction so you Commission, in an appearance before can go on the air. The unit can be mounted in the House Subcommittee on Civil Ser- your car, or you can use it as a base station. The complete program includes 48 lessons, 9 vice, reaffirmed tradional Legion sup- special reference texts and 1 0 training kits. Also port for veterans preference in civil included are: your own electronics Discovery citing national conven- service jobs by Lab'", a new Antenna Applications Lab, an tion Resolution 220. Refuting a Civil Optical Transmission System, CMOS Service Commission report that veter- Digital Frequency Counter, and ans preference is the "most extreme TVOM. The course covers AM and inhibitor of diversity within the Federal FM Transmission Systems; Radar Principles; Marine, Aircraft, and government" and "unduly restricts man- Digital Electronics; and Mobile Com- agement's ability to choose," Keller munications. You must earn your First statistics demonstrating countered with Class Radiotelephone FCC License or a more than equitable parity between you get your money back. McGrawHill CEC government and the national labor market. RUSH for FREE Catalog TAPS NRI SCHOOLS Alexander Gardiner, 87, former Editor McGraw-Hill Continuing Amateur Radio • Basic and Advanced Digital Computer Electronics • Electronic of The American Legion Magazine Education Center P Technology • Basic Electronics 3939 Wisconsin Avenue (1941-1954) died Oct. 6 at Bridgeport, TV /Audio Servicing • Choose from Washington, D.C. 20016 CT. He joined the magazine staff in 5 courses Electrical Appliance Servicing member of George A. 1924, and was a Automotive Mechanics • Master Please check for one free Automo- Smith Post, Fairfield, CT. tive Technician and Basic Course catalog only. No salesman, Auto Air Conditioning will call. Air Conditioning, Refrigeration, and Heat- retired of James Zulick, 73, a employee Complete Communica- ing • Basic and Master Courses NATO, died of a heart attack recently tions Electronics with CB • FCC Licenses • . at his in Paris, France. He served home Aircraft, Mobile, Approved under Gl Bill if taken for career as NECman from France from 1968 to Marine Electronics purposes. Check box for details. 1974. CB Specialist's Course

Robert B. Grauberger, National Vice Age. (Please Commander (1976-77) passed away Oc- Print) tober 31. He held the offices of NECman (1961-1973), Dept. Comm. for Colorado

(1958-59), and was very active in Legion City /State/Zip : affairs on both National and Depart- A National Home Study Council Accredited School 259-127 ment levels. THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1977 33 Department Commanders, 1977-78

The American Legion Depart- ment Commanders and National Executive Committeemen foi the 1977-78 term are shown on these facing pages. The Commanders were elected Russell J. Wools John B. Coman Ralph W. Adams Wallace F. Utley Lee Roehrman by Department Conventions in Arizona Arkansas California Alabama Alaska the late spring or summer of 1977 and serve for one year. The Committeemen are elected in the same manner but their term of service is two years. The National Commander, the five National Vice Corn-

Kissner John G. Krupa Leo Maynard Harry A. Beagle George Serr James R. Williams Ray Hendrix Iowa George L. Derrick Wm. Illinois Indiana Georgia Hawaii Idaho Florida France

Earl Van Ningen Vernie Guy Tosh William J. Viherek E. Pearce Fleming Alejo Santos Santos Luis A. Andujar Tennessee Robert McGuinness C. Eichelberger South Carolina South Dakota Puerto Rico Rhode Island Panama Pennsylvania Philippines Mf.7 % , A

I. Laramore Devison William A. Wiegers Robert Edmundson Robert E. Austin Roderick Holcomb Carl A. Parkinson Harold W. Johnson Ray Wyoming Harvey Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Texas Utah Vermont Virginia National Executive Committeemen, 1977-78

manders and the National Chap- lain are also members of the policy-making body with the Commander serving as Chair- man. In addition, all living Past National Commanders are life members of the Committee with a voice but no vote. The 58 Legion Departments include the 50 states, the District of Columbia, the Common- wealth of Puerto Rico, the Pan- ama Canal Zone, Mexico, Canada, the Philippines, Italy and France.

George D. Johnson Donald R. Schroedl Ralph Godwin Cleo T. Martin Theodore Crawford Robert W. Lowry Charles F. Lang Laurence Spaulding Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire

i tiiyif''

^ljj||f^ Mm, Franklin Sickle Robert W. Durand Richard M. Pedro Robert A. Tart Earnest Schmit Arthur H. Euler Tom C. Smith T. Les Galloway New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon

James T. Wiggins Almo Sebastianelli Carlos D. Arguelles R. Gonzalez-Vazquez Kenneth 0. Todd E. Roy Stone. Jr. Wayne Slade Joe F. Hudgens Panama Pennsylvania Philippines Puerto Rico Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee

Robert P. Walsh W. E. Christoffersen Melvin Simon Thomas J. Gear Donald E. Snow James H. Ashcraft Bud A. Mautz John A. Mokler Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming Alabama Dept. Cdr. Dr. Ralph W. Adams toured the Tuskegee VA Hos- pital, visiting staff and patients. Left to right: Hospital Chief of Volunteer Service Lorenius McDonald, Chief of Staff Dr. Wallace Capel, Hospital Di- rector Dr. David A. Tull, Dept. Cdr. Adams, 32nd District Cdr. John L. Stewart and Post 150 Public Relations Officer Howard Robinson. Members of Hobbs-Ogle-Power Post 41, Clinton, OK present a Betsy Ross flag to David Clinton Mayor Pepper Meacham (right). Making the presentation are L to R: Pippin, Happy Braffett, Frank Baumstark, and John Miller POSTS IN ACTION

Post 142, Maywood, NJ recently hon- ored Past Cdr. Walter Green (center) Newly-elected officers of Raymond for his 59 years of service to the post. has held Howard Post 8, San Miguel de Allende, Green, post's first adjutant, Mexico are, left to right: 1st Vice-Cdr. every office and is currently Judge Ad- Hal Weatherbee, Post Cdr. Carl W. vocate. NJ Dept. Cdr. Eugene Howell Kangieser, and 2nd Vice-Cdr. Inigo de (right) looks on as Post Cdr. James F. Janet Helker, a former WAC "bands- Post 8 hosts the Mexico Dept. Reale presents Green with plaque and person," has been named Commander Martino. photo memento. 1978 Convention. , of Post 215, Catasauqua, PA. Cdr. Helker, the borough's treasurer and office manager, is the second woman commander in the post's history.

plaque com- As part of 3M's 75th anniversary, the company donated a flagpole and Tartan memorating employees who served in the armed forces. The ceremony at Park Lake Elmo, MN included 3M Post 599 and members of other veterans groups

Post 18, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada recently donated a wheelchair to the Hamilton Canadian Red Cross Loan Cupboard. On hand for the presenta- tion are, left to right: Vice-Cdr. John Cross worker Pat Will, Menmonie, Wl firing Donelian, Red Five of the original 16 members of the Hosford-Chase Post 32, Dir. oldest (L-R) are: Em .e Ha I verso n Cdr. Michael Joy, Red Cross Exec. squad are still active. Arranged from youngest to Iverson and Otto Melloh (85) Esther Hunter, and Adj. Les George. (78) Otto Benzel (82), Herman Prunn (83), Ingvol (84) 36 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1977 —

THE PROUD HOPIS

Arizona Indians Honor Vets

The celebration begins with the tra- ditional parade from the Polacca Trad- ing Post to the community hall. There, native Hopi entertainment is provided by dancers, musicians and artisans. A memorial service follows, featuring ad- dresses by tribal and village leaders. Festivities conclude with a potluck din- ner of Hopi and European dishes. The Hopi Veterans Day program commemorates all American veterans with moving pageantry and custom. A float in a recent parade consisted of school children on a decorated truck, Hopi Post 80 Color Guard proudly leads the annual Veterans' Day parade each child displaying a framed photo- graph of a relative in uniform. Some of these veterans had returned to the Hopis—some never will. The Hopis re- member.

Veterans Day

"Our God and soldiers we like adore

A t the brink of danger . . . not before, After deliverance, both alike requited Our God's forgotten, and our soldiers slighted." —Francis Quarles

The Hopi Indians of the American Southwest possess a proud heritage, based on fundamentals of peace and humanity. Historically, they fought only to defend their homes or to rescue cap- tives. Yet Hopi men and women never neglected their country's call. American Legion Post 80, located on the Hopi Reservation in Arizona, dem- Clockwise, from upper left: Past National Cdr. John H. Geiger paid a 1972 visit to Post 80; Visiting Legionnaire is briefed on "burro power" by Hopi resident; Post 80 onstrates that ancestral pride in tribe Auxiliary steps out in the big parade; The Hopi Day School Band rehearses for the and country by conducting Veterans big day; One of the few Hopi WW I veterans, Fred Denet, poses with his wife Susana Day ceremonies each November 11. and veterans of more recent wars; Hopi Agency Bureau of Indian Affairs Superin- The Hopi Post has gained support over tendent Alph Secakuku (left) talks with Hopi Tribal Chairman Abbot Sekaquaptewa the years from local Bureau of Indian Affairs, tribal leaders, village chiefs, civic, business and school officials, and other Arizona Legion posts.

Post in Germany Grows 400% in '77 Rhein-Main Post 5, Walldorf, Ger- many has realized a 400% increase in membership since Dec. 31, 1976. At that time, it listed 258 member. At last report, the roster was at 1,038 and still climbing. Post Cdr. J. D. Legg at- tributes the outstanding effort to just plain hard work from the "troops" Kema Canyon Boarding School dancers (center) perform for Post 80 Princess Eunice the members who accomplished the feat. Dawahoya (left) and Queen Emily Vicente and two other princesses (right)

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1977 37 ,

Ft. Screven Ass'n (8th Inf Regt)—(Mar) History Winners Named Larry Knecht, 171 N. Shore Terr.. Punta Gorda, FL 33950 National Historian Arnold J. Stock- NAVY stad has announced the results of the 24th NCB— (Feb) Willie Cason. 1825 NW 1977 National Post History Contest. 157th St., Opa-Locka, FL 33054 (1944-45)— (Feb) Thomas Lenard, the One-Year History LST 855 Top award in PO Box 1246, St. Cloud, FL 32769 category was Minneapolis-Richfield Post USS Arizona (BB29)—Joseph Potenza, 1201 Avenida Marlene, Tucson, AZ 85715 435, MN. Luke-Greenway Post 1, USS Ommaney Bay (CVE 79)—(Mar) John Box 127, Phelps, WI the First Award in Mitchell, Hwy. A, Phoenix, AZ took 54554 the Scrapbook History Contest. Other IN DISTRESS top winners were: COMRADES Readers who can help these veterans are History Contest urged to do so. Usually a statement is needed of a claim. Post Miami, FL in support VA 2nd—Harvey W. Seeds 29, Notices are run only at the request of 3rd—Kern-Robinson Post 905, Springwater, NY American Legion Service Officers represent- Post 258, Little Chute, WI For Witness Nat'l. Historian Arnold J. Stockstad 4th—Jacob Coppus ing claimants, using Search Denver, from State Legion Curator 5th—Leyden-Chiles-Wickersham Post 1, Forms available only (right) and Librarian/Museum Service Officers. Please contact CID #—— the en- CO 1608 Thomas V. Hull look at one of Contest The American Legion Magazine, K Scrapbook 20006. tries in the National History and Scrap- Street, NW, Washington, DC 2nd—Leo Carey Post 56, Albert Lea, MN book Contest. 3rd—Post 6, Dubuque, IA 537th Port Co—Need information from any- 4th—Jenkins Vaughan Post 97, Cardington, OH one who remembers Edgar J. Wright re- his right eye while sta- 5th —Torn Schwinn Post 90, Wellington, KS ceived a blow to ADVERTISEMENT tioned at Camp Harrihan, New Orleans, LA Nov. 1, 1943. Please contact CID 414. 1714th Co, 10th Bn—Need to hear from com- NEW POSTS rades who recall Emmett T. Davis injured fall on a concrete new posts were re- his back and head in a Afraid You're The following deck at Swimming Class, while stationed Please cently chartered by The American at Great Lakes, IL, Nov. 16, 1943. contact CID 415. Casual Co—Need information from anyone Legion: , Going Deaf? who remembers Cleveland D. Richards while stationed Post No. 44, was treated for arthritis Kwajalein Memorial at Ft. Hood, TX. CID 416 Need to hear Chicago, 111. —A free offer of Kwajalein, , AK; Angel 177th Med Det., 1st Army— from comrades who recall Harry W. City Post No. 677, Los Angeles, CA; Buehler injured his back and also fell off special interest to those who while stationed in England No. 844, Rialto, a landing craft understand Rialto Airport Post and France in 1944-45. Please contact CID hear but do not Kitzingen Post No. 333, Kitzingen, 417. CA; 437th Air Police Sqd, 437th Air Base Gp— words has been announced by Germany; Albert Gordon Post No. 56, Need information from anyone who re- members Albert J. Bragdon injured his Jefferson, GA; Maurice T. Webb Post ammunition in Beltone. A non-operating left foot while unloading Atlanta, GA; Koran Post No. April 1951. CID 418 No. 282, Stalag XII A—Need to hear from comrades model of the smallest Beltone 388, Koran, LA; Emily Post No. 316, who recall Ernest Armijo was beaten back and shoulders while sta- Post No. about his aid of its kind will be given Emily, MN; Falls-Lakeview tioned at Fraiezin, Germany in 1944. 106, Please contact CID 419. 95, Norman, OK; Bustos Post No. Need infor- free to anyone an- 35th Comb Eng Bn 8th Corps— absolutely Bustos, Bulacan, PI; Batute Post No. mation from anyone who remembers Glenn W. OUis was the injured driver of swering this advertisement. 108, Sta. Maria, Bulacan, PI; San an automobile accident while stationed at Niederfuelen, Luxemburg, Sept. 1. 1944. Rafael Post No. 112, San Rafael, True, all hearing problems Please contact CID 420. Bulacan, PI; Hagonoy Post No. 116, SLCV 34—Need to hear from comrades who recall Jerome L. Roth was treated for loss are not alike . . . and some Hagonoy, Bulacan, PI; Brig. Gen. of muscle control of right leg while sta- tioned at Ulithi Atoll, 1944-45. Please con- James L. Dalton, II Post No. 117, Sta. cannot be helped by a hearing tact CID 421. , Cruz, Manila, PI; General Guillermo Anti-Tank Co, 60th Inf—Need information aid. audiologists report from anyone who remembers Clarence J. But Nakar Post No. 120, Infanta, Quezon, Livezey was a messenger for companies Shek Post and contracted a case of bleeding ulcers that many can. So, send for PI; President Chiang Kai while stationed at Sicily after the invasion No. 121, Manila, PI; Phil-Am Post No. in 1943. Please contact CID 422. this free model now, and wear HQ Bat, 627th Fid. Art'y—Need to hear from 123, Angeles City, PI; San Ildefonso comrades who recall Clarence W. Gray privacy of your own Bulacan, injured his back in a jeep accident be- it in the Post No. 125, San Ildefonso, tween Heilbronn, Germany and France in contact CID PI; Cantanduanes Post No. 127, Virac, the winter of 1945-46. Please home. It is not a real hearing 423. Cantanduanes, PI; Vinton Post No. 40, 1948th Eng Avia Util Co—Need information aid, but it will show you how from anyone who remembers Raymond Vinton, VA. Lewis McDonald contracted food contami- tiny hearing help can be. It's nation on bivouac while stationed at Geiger Field, Washington, May 1, 1945. contact CID 424. yours to keep, free. The ac- OUTFIT REUNIONS Please Reunion will be held in month indicated. LIFE MEMBERSHIPS tual aid weighs less than a For particulars write person whose address of life membership to a Le- is given. The award a all only. gionnaire by a Post is a testimonial by those third of an ounce, and it's Notices accepted on official forms has stamped, addressed return who know best that such a member For form send American Legion well. envelope to O. R. Form. American Legion served The at ear level, in one unit. are listed some of the previously Magazine, 1608 K St. N.W., Washington, D.C. Below unpublished life membership Post awards 20006. Notices should be received at least free, so that have been reported to the editors. They These models are five months before scheduled reunion. No are arranged by States or Departments. written letter necessary to get form. we suggest you write for Earliest submission favored when volume Ralph Mitchell, Arthur Reid, R. E. Sherrill, of requests is too great to print all. John Whitlock, Cobb Wilhite (all 1977) yours now. Again, we repeat, Post 31, Tuscumbia, AL ARMY Leo Magallanes, Post 48, San Manuel, AZ certainly Rev. Everett Fulton, Edward Gilsleider, there is no cost, and 121st Gen Hosp—(Mar) John A. Shacklett, Gray, Everett Henson, Earl Hobbs, Murfreesboro, TN 37130 Cyrus 400 N. Maple St., Raymond Herse (all 1977) Post 132, Orange, no obligation. Thousands have 205th QM, Co C, 3855 QM (WW2) (Jan.)— CA Roland Carpenter, Flagg Hill Rd., RFD 1, Carl Black, J. Gilmer Morris (both 1977) already been mailed, so write Winsted, CT 06098 Post 156, Atlanta, GA 262nd Arm'd Fid Art'y, Bat A & B, Cp Charles Dahl, Seighfred Hammerberg, Lam- today to Dept. 4468, Beltone Swift, TX, Ft. Sill, OK—(Mar) John Su- bert Palmquist, Anton Swanson (all 1976) pinski, Jr., 3000 Connecticut Ave., NW, Post 255, Orion, IL „ Washington, DC 20008 Edward Arms, George Beuchel, Carl Bro- Electronics, 4201 W. Vic 726th MP Bn (WW2)— (Mar) Cliff Moquist, kaw, Corley Crouch, Roy Guinn (all 1977) Crystal, ND 58222 Post 82, Ft. Wayne, IN toria, Chicago, 111. 60646. Regt, Co B (1943-45)— Harold Fraser (1977) Post 105, Newport, ME 877th Arbrne Eng Pillsbury (both (Jan) James Santoni, 245 Gwen Rd., Meri- Paul Weitzel, Raymond ADVERTISEMENT den, CT 06450 1977) Post 20, Baltimore, MD

38 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1977 ITlM IDT? YOU Can Earn Up To

voAr Former National Cdr. William J. Rogers (right) visited U.S. Naval Forces, Europe in London. He met with Legionnaire B. V. Balch (left), a navy civilian employe FULLTIME and Rear Adm. R. E. Rumble, Deputy commander-in-chief SHARPENING BUSINESS!

Ernest Gilbert (1977) Post 127, Great Bar- Selling, Inventory. . . rington, MA No No Year Round ,/ John Guerino, Henry McCann (both 1977) Post 442, Cambridge, MA Cash Profits and YOU Set The Hours! Raymond Burns, Ernest Ledoux (both 1977) Post 3, Nashua, NH Yes, there's a lot of business waiting Martin Allen, Andrew Jroski, Jr. (both 1977) Post 439, Jersey City, NJ for the man who can sharpen saws, planer Filipski James (1962) Ralph Dowd, Sr. (1966) knives, jointer blades, wood chisels, scis- Clyde Kelly, McDaniel Lewis (both 1976) Robert Hamlin (1977) Post 53, Greensboro, sors, axes and other garden, shop and NC home tools. Calvin Cook, Leon D'Heilly, Iver Nelson Sr., Fred Sorgenfrey, Joe Klepatch (all 1977) Belsaw SHARP-ALL does all these jobs Post 242, Neche, ND quickly with precision and at a big profit Wm. J. Molloy (1977) Post 92, Johnston, RI for YOU. You can become Sharpening Morley Morgan, Henry Neumeister (both Headquarters for carpenters, builders, 1976) Arthur Pritzl, LeRoy Tracy (both 1977) Post 182, Park Falls, WI lumber yards, factories, home workshop hobbyists. And, you can start this Money- Life Memberships are accepted for pub- Making business for less than $50. lication only on official an form, which we FREE BOOK tells how to start your own provide. Reports received only from Com- sparetime business while you are still mander, Adjutant or Finance Officer of Post which awarded the life membership. working at your regular job. People bring They may get form by sending stamped, in their work and pay Cash—over 90c of self-addressed return envelope to: every dollar you take in is cash profit. "L.M. Form American Legion Magazine, 1608 K St., N.W. Washington, D.C. 20006." On a corner of the return envelope write the number of names you wish to report. Does The Belsaw Pay? No written letter necessary to get forms. YOU BET!

American Legion Life Insurance JOIN THESE SUCCESSFUL SHARP-ALL OPERATORS- Month Ending August 31, 1977 *4,000 *1fe#t The following is an actual case from the • "Think the world of my Sharp-All. Am now Let Belsaw prove files of The American Legion Life grossing about 94,000 a year part time, and hope Insurance Plan: to expand shortly. Now doing work for the State of New York, Carrier Corp., and General Motors." YOU can do it — On our A 39-year old Legionnaire was killed Lawrence Stevenson in a motorcycle accident. He had paid B. Syracuse. New York 1S057 a total of $176 for his insurance. His 30-DAY FREE TRIAL OFFER widow was awarded $4,500. Wanted Co Ee&tc You risk nothing by accepting this offer to see how easily you BeneBts Paid January 1, 1977— can turn your spare time into Big CASH Profits with your own "I had dreamed of retiring for years, but was August 31, 1977 Complete Sharpening Shop. Send coupon or mail- postcard for $ 1,813,298.13 afraid to quit my salaried job. I had never Benefits Paid Since used full details on our exclusive 30-Day Free Trial Offer! April 1958 . .$24,193,270.13 this type of equipment, but the Sharp-All was

Basic Units in Force . (number). 184,146.5 real easy to learn. I sharpened 30 blades my first New Applications Approved week — without advertising at all. Now, for Since the Our Free Book tells January 1, 1977 3,360 first time in my life, I can say that I am content." FREE New Applications Declined 819 how to start a profit- Farris Cornelius BOOKLET! . lifetime New Applications Suspended . . 827 Wellington, Texas 79095 able, home (Applicants failed to return health form) sharpening business, Gives full Effective July 1, 1976 there is a 10% TOW OWN how we help you grow, "across the board" increase in benefits to *5-*6 an fat* details- USINESS how we'll finance you. all participants. "On Saturdays, my big day, I take in to Send for The American Legion $45 $55. Life Insurance is an Other days I average less, but I figure I make official program of the your copy BELSAW SHARP-ALL CO. American . . Legion, between $5 to $6 per hour . and sometimes more. adopted by the National Executive Com- I am presently enlarging my shop, and thank today. No 6082 Field Building mittee, 1958. It is decreasing Belsaw their term insurance, and fine equipment for making it obligation. Kansas City, Mo. 64111 issued on application to paid-up members of possible. The American Legion subject to approval V. 0. Miller based on health and employment statement. Hubert, North Carolina 28539 Effective Jan. 1, 1976, death benefits range RUSH COUPON TODAY FOR FREE BOOK from $60,000 (6 units through age 29, 25 in Ohio) in decreasing steps to $125 (V2 unit at No obligation ... No salesman will call age 75 or over). Previously, maximum was "Bought my Sharp- All four 4 units. This protection is available through- years ago. and it has done everything (and more) than you said out life, as long as the annual premium is it BELSAW SHARP-ALL would. I never sharpened CO. paid, the insured remains a a saw in my life, but member of The when I had to quit my regular job, I knew I had 608Z Field Building American Legion, and the Plan stays in ef- to have something to do. Now I have more work fect. Available up to six units at a flat Kansas City, Mo. 64111 rate than I am able to do — I have of unit as many as 100 $24 per a year on a calendar year saws ahead of me at a time." basis, pro-rated during the first year at $2 Frank Sartin Please send my FREE copy of a month per unit for insurance your book approved Grandview, Washington 98930 after January 1. Underwritten by two com- "Lifetime Security" and full details on mercial life insurance companies, the Occi- dental Life Insurance Co. of California and your 30-Day Free Trial Offer! United States Life Insurance Co. in the City 100% Vua&ed of New York. American Legion Life Insur- "I was disabled by an accident while employed ance and Trust Fund is managed by trustees as an iron worker. They declared me 100% dis- operating under the laws of Missouri. No abled and said I'd never work again. I don't think other insurance may use the full words I could work for anyone else but I started my Address "American Legion." Administered by The sharpening business part-time and now it's turned American Legion Life Insurance Division, into a full-time job with more work than I can do." P.O. Box 5609, Chicago, Illinois 60680. to Rex Stage City State Zip which write for further details. Tampa, Florida J3SU

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1977 41 !

(CONTINUED FROM PAGE 23) Soviets Walk Old Trails in Africa

threaten the upper reaches of the But he was wrong. In fact, his New Nile and thus the British positions in Moscow squatted on a bit of French Egypt." Somaliland known as Obok. A Other Russian military of the French naval unit, swiftly arriving in scholarly type went to Abyssinia in Obok, bombarded the mistaken Rus- the late years of the 19th century. sian settlement briefly but decisively. One such was Leonid Artamonov, a Novaya Moskva was demolished, and geographer and a military engineer, Ashinov himself captured. In a small denied a graduate of the prestigious General panic, the Tsar's government Staff Academy. With much respect that it had ever given any encourage- the "Great Soviet Encyclopedia" ment to the bold Cossack. Alexander Reg. Edition .... $21.50 stated in 1926 that while "fulfilling III instructed his foreign office: Russia's Tsarist "Should the French start talking Deluxe Edition . . . $40.00 an assignment from expel government" he had crossed all of about it, tell them simply to This is a MUST volume for the Abyssinia, "up to the White Nile, Ashinov." historian, arms collector, and Ashinov had reseacher. across which he swam." But simple it wasn't. The Soviet leadership today enjoys weighty support in Paris, both offi- Deluxe Edition; 100 copies only, compared cial and unofficial. Influential French hand numbered and hand bound. a considerable advantage with the old Tsarist times in its politicians and journalists, smarting Leather Stocking Div. penetration of Africa. The Tsars' over the loss of Alsace-Lorraine to A. R; Pragare-Co. Inc. in 1871, wanted that area 3695 G North 126 St. Brookfield, activist policy had no skillful camou- Germany help of the Tsar. Wis. 53005 Mail Now! flage. It employed eccentrics who back—with the loved self-aggrandizement. It was not They reasoned: Let France bribe the with difficult for Western nations to chart Tsar, let her make him stronger I Send copies Reg. /Deluxe two, and foil their activities. the gift of an African colony or Payment enclosed . $ j | regain I Or use Visa or Master Charge Foremost among the Tsarist era's and he would aid France | j b and include all numbers. n unscholarly adventurers and pictur- Alsace-Lorraine Cossack And so, gala receptions awaited Master Charge esque daredevils was a J Charge my D ~j salons. Lauda- I Visa named Nikolai Ashinov. Ashinov in Parisian jj U Account no. Lj First appearing in Addis Ababa tory articles were printed about the Exp. date ] he I j in 1883, he returned to Russia in colorful Cossack. In March 1891, Name ij was confidently petitioning the Address I 1888, and Pobedonostsev wrote to I to City State | Alexander III: French Government to allow him his "Certainly he (Ashinov) is an ad- return to Africa, there to resume ; venturer," but, despite being such a "religious and civilizing mission, in weird maverick, he could be useful which he had the best wishes of the The following SENIOR CITIZENS to the Tsar. "It would be worthwhile Russian people." August, from London, Ashinov ad- Florida Living You Can Afford to question him thoroughly about the him, dressed the Tsar, requesting His Mobile homes from $8500.00. Lot Rent $37.50 undertaking which, according to yes, month. Retire at Beautiful Dogwood Mobile he has already established on the Majesty's permission—and ah, Rated Three Star. Recreation Hall, Park. coast. All signs point to a also rubles—to outfit one more ex- Bingo and Laundromat. Red Sea importance that his pedition to Africa. He promised Write Charles Boitnott, P.O. Bex 953, possible great personal possession of Bushnell, FL. 33513 enterprise may have for us. In such Alexander ni and affairs, most likely, cutthroats of a large territory rich in gold Ashinov' s stripe prove to be very precious stones. SWITCHBLADE COMB only 2.95 convenient tools." Alexander HI hesitated and in the Ashinov's flair for There is evidence that in his first end did nothing. 1883 on, publicity may have alarmed the ail- FOOL YOUR FRIENDS. NOVEL & USEFUL. PUSH years in Abyssinia, from THE BUTTON AND COMB BLADE SPRINGS OPEN. Ashinov was supported by Mikhail ing sovereign. The Tsar died in 1894 9" WITH LOCKING DEVICE. OVERALL LENGTH his son Nicholas was not MODEL M-10PB $2.95 EA. plus 30« postage Katkov, a celebrated Moscow editor and n WESTBURY SALES CO. 373 Maple Ave. and publicist of reactionary views. initially inclined to adventurers of Westbury, N.Y. 11590 Dept. PB-12-AL Katkov wished Russia to be strong Ashinov's type, but he soon listened and expanding. Ashinov in Africa readily to those who saw Abyssinia WIN WYOMING would be opening new horizons to as a future Russian fief. these men were coun- OIL $MILLION$ Katkov's imperialism. However, However, tered by the rising influence of Sergei Others do every month in U.S. Govern when Ashinov returned to Russia ment Oil Lease Drawings. If you are 21 Pobe- Witte, who from 1892 to 1903 was you can participate equally with major in 1888, Katkov had died. But oil companies in this legal lottery. A interest in Ashinov and Russia's able minister of finance. $20. tax deductible filing fee can retu donostsev's $75,000 or more immediately plus a Africa was of more value yet. Nicholas and his wife Alexandra dis- possible million in future income. bear Write for free information. In 1889, the Cossack went back to liked Witte intensely but had to Trust, Lock Box 3578-Z, Boulder, Co. 80803 Milligan Africa, this time with some 150 Rus- with him because of his undoubted sian mercenaries. At a commanding value to the Empire's economy. Tadjur Bay, Ashinov's Witte in turn opposed much of the C.B.I. spot in the to erect a "New Moscow." court's intrigue and foreign policy. For information about men began monthly publication for This was south of the Bab el Mandeb In the autumn of 1897, Tsar Nich- WW2 vets of China-Bur- Sea to olas received a delegation from ma-India Theater, write Strait leading from the Red Menelik, much to Witte' s dis- Es-CBI Roundup the Gulf of Aden. Negus P.O. Box 125 He was sure the site was just out- approval. The emissaries, dubbed by Laurens, Iowa 50554 were side Abyssinia—in a no-man's land. Witte "an operetta deputation,"

42 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1977 accompanied by a Russian named "Joubert's proposals doubtless seem Russia had to wait for the British, Leontyev, whom Witte described attractive, and we are ready to ac- French, Portuguese and other Euro- acridly: cept them in principle." pean might to decline, for the colo- "A sheer adventurer by nature, he The Boer first approached the nies to be given up one after another, used to be an army officer, then en- Tsar's agents in Lisbon. Negotiations and for a vacuum to form in which gaged in all sorts of shady petty moved to Paris with the Russian new and awesome Soviet military deals, and finally managed to get into Government paying Joubert's travel- and political missionaries could oper- Abyssinia and convince certain higher ing expenses. ate. Also, she had to mould at home circles in Russia that he was Negus But there was trouble for Nicholas a regime far more ruthless and Menelik's closest adviser and mentor. II in Manchuria. Domestic unrest clever than that of the Tsars, so that But Menelik did not at all respect was becoming sharper, too, and the no possible domestic unrest could him, saw very little of him, and if he Revolution of 1905 nearly cost him hamper her imperialist ambitions. tolerated him it was because Leon- his throne. The South African ad- And now, in the 1970's, the time tyev assured Menelik that the Rus- venture had to be abandoned. Sorely has apparently come to dust off the sian Government and the Russian disappointed, Joubert-Pienaar went African schedule first hatched by Tsar were backing him." home to Transvaal. inept Tsars with premature visions. But Leontyev did rule a distant For centuries Tsarist Russia was —Albert Parry province for Menelik. In the process, successful in pushing her frontiers (Editor's Note: The author is pro- he became rich through concessions west, south and east on land in both fessor emeritus of Russian civiliza- and unsavory transactions. On return Europe and particularly Asia. In Af- tion and language at Colgate to Russia he called himself "Count" rica she was late on the scene. Other Univ., and author of the book "Ter- and laid before the Tsar grandiose white powers had already divided rorism: From Robespierre to Ara- schemes for taking over Abyssinia. that continent among themselves. fat" Vanguard Press, NY.) Apparently Nicholas was impressed. Witte was to write in his memoirs: c "Our high circles in Russia have a \feterans! passion for conquests, or, to put it more precisely, for grabbing that cRetire tothegpodlife which, in the government's opinion, is lying around loose. Abyssinia is really a semi-heathen country but ilia ^Florida YaiaTdise has in its religion certain gleams of Orthodox Christianity. This gave us From $211.46 a mo.* our desire to declare Abyssinia our No cash down $27,500 Full Price protectorate, and later, on a con- With homes starting at just you can enjoy venient occasion, to swallow it." $27,500 the good life in sunny Florida Substitute Angola for Abyssinia, for as little as $211.46 a and Marxism for Christianity, and month, with no downpayment. This VA financing includes Witte' s strictures hold true for principal and interest at SPACIOUS LUXURY- EQUIPPED 8.5% for 30 years.* Conven- 2 AND 3 Brezhnev's Politburo of 1977. BEDROOM SINGLE FAMILY HOMES tional financing also avail- But nothing came of that Abys- able. No "stripped-down" shells sinian plan of the Tsarist court, be- here! Every home in these two communities is HUD cause favorites of Nicholas II were Bocagate— near manufactured structural bul- then also interested in appropriating letin approved. Ft. Lauderdale Equipped kitchens have for themselves the rich lumber of the and custom cabinets and counter- Yalu River woods in Korea. This Miami Beach. tops as well as refrigerator A beautiful leisure and range. distracted the appetites from Africa com- Year 'round heat- munity in a peaceful country ing and air conditioning. to the East led to Far and the Russo- club setting at the gateway to Fully insulated ceilings, walls and floors can help Japanese War of 1904-05. Florida's famed gold coast keep down heating and air condi- Just minutes from the Atlantic That Far Eastern adventure, tioning costs. Ocean. which interfered with the Abyssinian And more. Like two full And all just a short drive baths. Attractively landscaped plan, was indirectly responsible for orwalk to golf, fishing, boating, lots. All utilities are under- another African scheme—at the op- hospitals, banks, public busses, ground. Fully carpeted, spa- posite end of the dark continent. In shopping and houses of wor- cious bedrooms and entertain- ship. Country club member- ing areas. February 1904, angered at Britain's ships available. Two 18-hole Village assistance to the Japanese, the golf courses and tennis. Lakeland Tsar's government examined that 447 Lazy Lake Dr., West Lakeland, Florida 33801 proposal by former Boer General Lakeland (Or for faster information, between call 813-686-8111) Joubert-Pienaar to rally the Kaffirs Disney World NAME . and other blacks in South Africa and Tampa. ADDRESS against the British. If successful, the CITY A comfortable, "All Ameri- native uprising would be joined by STATE ZIP. can" community nestled among the Boers. Weapons, money and lovely fishing lakes and citrus Bocagate Estates A-1277 other aid were to come from the groves. Adjacent to a beautiful 10109 SandalfootBlvd. Tsar who, upon the British defeat, golf and country club, Village- Boca Raton, Florida 33432 Lakeland has its own air con- would become the emperor of South (Or for faster information, call 305/392-8090) ditioned recreation center— and Central Africa. yours to enjoy at no additional Phone: ( ) "This is a big stake," the Boer cost. Year 'round swimming tempted the Tsarists in his memo- pool, too. Convenient to shopping, randum, "a precious stone, worthy of banks, hospitals and just min- the Russian crown." The Tsar's for- utes from Cypress Gardens eign minister advised his associates: and Walt Disney World. -STATE. .ZIP.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1977 43 , ,

(CONTINUED FROM PAGE 19) Your Pearl Harbor: Where Time Stood Still Does a 300-pound Wilson also confirmed history's But after a week, dimin- judgment that "there were hundreds Hawaiian native, tired of the bossing the Post and hundreds of acts of heroism that utive Japanese "really day people saving others and try- place around," suffered several bul- — pick the man ing to do the right thing ... I lets in the stomach to death against think partly, they may have done it up and dash him to Need rocks. The native recovered mechanically, from the discipline of some BANQUET OR UTILITY ." his wounds. having been in the service. . . from The next morning, Wilson was at Like many others, Wilson believes party could have Tables? Bellows Field, on Oahu's. northeast a Japanese landing STACKING little difficulty. FOLDING OR shore, when the garrison captured an taken Oahu with foregone conclusion the officer, later identified as Lt. Kazuo "It was a Chairs? Sakamaki, from a two-man Japanese Japanese would take over," he said. one of the PLATFORMS, STAGES OR submarine that ran aground. The "That (the attack) was beautifully-executed plans I officer reportedly was a UCLA grad- most The only mistake they Risers? uate who had lived in California be- ever saw. confusion and CONFERENCE, OFFICE fore the war, Wilson said, but be- made, knowing the island, was not OR CLASSROOM came embroiled on the Japanese side pandemonium on the and in- when he returned to his homeland landing about 10,000 troops very small military force Furniture? for a visit. His companion on the vading. A whole military Find what you need in Pearl Harbor mission drowned, and could have taken our completely changed the our new FREE Catalog— the officer simply sat on the shore to set-up and and buy at factory- inevitable capture. He became start of World War II." direct prices! Fill out await World Wilson also believes Japan lost the and mail this ad today! the first Japanese POW of war for herself and Germany on NAME War II. (His sub, designed to fire two torpedoes 18 inches in diameter, Dec. 7, 1941, by unifying and electri- ADDRESS popula- went on tour in the United States to fying an American civilian desperately to CITY promote War Bond sales.) tion that was hoping STATE ZIP. Wilson also related a little-known avoid war. "the most incident in which a Japanese pilot "To me," Wilson mused, Send To: lesson of Pearl Harbor is THE MONROE COMPANY landed his crippled plane on Niihau, important afford another 69 Church Street smallest of the inhabited Hawaiian that we could never MONROE Colfax, Iowa 50054 Islands, and quickly took command one." Wilson served of the 50 or 60 natives living there. After Pearl Harbor, and Italy, and — A supply boat visited the island only at Midway, in Africa Perfect Christmas gift helped deactivate the German Luft- SANTA CLAUS comes in beautiful gift en- once a month and for a week the velope. Genuine mint currency himself a small em- waffe in Europe after V-E Day. He DOLLAR BILLS and negotiable, permitted by Japanese had Government. Hang on tree, put Star in Korea. pire, hoarding the few guns and also won a Bronze in stocking, great gifts for —Jerry Lipman everyone! Only $2.95; 6 for radios available on the island. $14.95; 12 for $24.95, ppd. Send money order for fast delivery. Dealers inquire. Thurston Moore, Bm 1829-51. Montrose, CO 81401

OLD LEG SORES lucky Lou' Gets a Reprieve

Are you miserable with pain and aches or (eg venous attacks ulcers, swelling, itch, rash due to deep Seton of Staten Island, Louis had survived topedo congestion or leg swelling of bulged veins or A. L. injuries? Find out about proven VISCOSE that commander, and kamikaze pilots. It fired more works as you walk. Easy to use. Money-back NY, a retired Navy guaranteed trial. Send lor FREE BOOK today. any other Navy ship, has won the first round in his rounds than A. C. VISCOSE COMPANY II sinking one submarine, two cruis- 3712W. Montrose Aye., Chicago, IL 60618 fight to save the World War and down- cruiser USS St. Louis, proud her- ers and five a ing 14 planes. Big opportunities. Big prof- oine of Pearl Harbor, from quickly. Full or sold the ves- its. Earn Brazilian scrap heap. Seton's The United States part time. Learn at home, sel to Brazil in 1951. It was re- it's easy. Do real jobs: All campaign (see his letter in Sep- Tools— Materials Sup Tamendare tember issue) won a reprieve named the Almirante plied. Accredited member after the founder of the Brazilian NHSC. Lie. State of NJ— from the Brazilian Government. Appd. for Vet Send name in its initial Navy. Brazil retired the ship and address for FREE book. The St. Louis won , Locksmithing Institute, Dept. 1221-127 planning to scrap her. That Ultit, and its "Lucky Lou" nick- 1975, Technical Home Study Schools, little M1IS, If. J. fame Div. Seton entered the picture. name Dec. 7, 1941, when it was is when board when the Jap- berthed at Pearl Harbor for main- He was on I EVERY READER WANT attacked Pearl Harbor. j^ofj^.of this Paper to have my big red tenance and repairs. When the anese buy the X EARLIANA TOMATO Japanese attacked, she was the Seton now is trying to S the offing is a Still in F"KING OF THE EARLIES only American ship to escape to St. . Louis. fruit, disease success- Big solid, scarlet sea that morning. site and sponsor if he is resistant, heavy yielder. Ideal for the open table or canning. Send 15c for big By the end of the war, the St. ful. packet or 25c for 2 packets CDCt 1 andHcopy of Seed and Nursery Catalog. R. H. SHUMWAY SEEDSMAN Dept. 303 ROCKFORD, ILLINOIS 61101 44 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1977 (CONTINUED FROM PAGE 2) tide with a full, cogent and clear pic- can Legion's stand on Africa merits ture of military retirement. wholehearted support. Letters to the Editor Robert M. Andrews Stephen P. Thayer Bethlehem, PA New Milford, CT Sir: Why does the Legion want to Sir: The proposed Panama Canal save the canal when it is obsolete, Sir : The Denver convention's refusal Treaty bars us from building another badly in need of repairs and too nar- to support a general pension for canal anywhere in Central America row for our largest ships? World War I veterans was a deep without the permission of Panama's Rose Dighello disappointment. I have been a Le- pro-Communist government. Enfield, CT gionnaire for 49 years and a past Frank Watson commander at three levels. It con- Tionesta, PA Sir: As a member of The American firms my belief that the American Legion for 57 years, I have learned Legion is fast becoming oriented to Sir: Congratulations on the August there are two kinds of members: the younger generation, at our ex- article "Is LNG the Answer?" The those who wear the button and sit pense. N. L. Buettell story of liquefied natural gas has be- home and never turn out to meet- Dubuque, IA come so complex that it is hard even ings, and those who attend meetings for people in the industry to follow and work for the Legion's projects. Sir: What did Panamanian govern- it. Maury Delman gave a remarkably The first are members of the Ameri- ments do with the millions we have clear and accurate account. can Legion ; the second are LEGION- paid them for canal privileges over John G. L. Cabot NAIRES. Russell L. Kent the last 60-odd years? Where has Chrmn. Distrigas Corp. Shippensburg, PA it gone? It obviously didn't help the Boston, MA average Panamanian. Where will Sir: Can't we do something to halt new payments go? D. R. Galloway Sir: I admire the membership phi- the use of the term "Legionnaires Livingston, MT losophy of our new national com- disease." We do not deserve such a mander, stated in the October issue. stigma. Some uninformed think all Sir: The ceremonial signing of the But can't we open membership to Legion members are carriers. new Panama Canal Treaty was as now-ineligible veterans of the Cold Waldo F. Vanek much of a fraud and farce as the War? Can we provide a special mem- Frankenmuth, MI treaty itself. Anna Hohl bership, or can Congress recognize Laurel, MD those non-shooting gaps in the last Sir: Unfair articles in other publica- three decades as periods when ser- tions have aroused in some a sense of Sir: The fall of South Africa and vicemen earned the right to belong indignation toward military retire- Rhodesia to Russian puppets would to the American Legion? ment programs. I believe it behooves reduce the United States to economic Richard F. Halter, Sr. The American Legion to counter this and military impotence. The Ameri- Temperance, MI FREE 1978 EMBLEM CATALOG

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THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1977 45 — a

(CONTINUED FROM PAGE 21) IDEAL GIFT—YESTERYEAR TYPE SET I'm Only Blind, I Can Push!

ambulance or a staff car before its As I moved away with my load I deeper shadow warned us to pull to called, "Merci, messieurs et bon soir." COINS GRADE GOOD OR BETTER ONLY $6.50 the right. The clank of harness They called back, "Vive l'Amerique" The Yesteryear Type Set includes an Indian Head Cent, Buffalo Nickel. Mercury Dime, Standing Lib- chains, the rhythmic clop of gallop- and give us an easy ride back tomor- erty Quarter and Walking Liberty Half Dollar. Coins have been selected for clarity of design and detail. ing horses and rumble of wagon row." Comes in plastic holder as shown. 1909-VDB FIRST LINCOLN PENNY $3.50 wheels were evidence of artillery American Field Service Section 31 Designer Victor D. Brenner's initials appear on of coin. crews hurrying back for more shells became U.S. Army Ambulance Sec- back . . Add 50« postage. Catalog included with order. IM- MEDIATE SHIPMENT. Satisfaction guaranteed. to keep the cannon booming. tion 643 in September 1917, when stretcher bearers of enlisted in Village CoinShoppLwsToW nh ossbs One night the most us the American had loaded my top rack with a seri- Expeditionary Forces "for the dura- ously wounded man and helped four tion." [CAN'T others onto the "jump benches." The recruiting officer wasted no SHOOT! With all the equipment for five com- time explaining. "You men know JI That's right, these precision-built replicas of fam- bat men it was a full load. I was too more about this business than I do," I ous firearms CANNOT CHAMBER OR FIRE REAL 1 AMMUNITION! Made of machined metal, they loo) cautious, pulled too far over for the said. 1 weigh same as the originals. CAN BE DISASSEMBLED, i he He put us through a very - 30 blued, hand-finished parts. Comes fully assembled. Safe 1 and perfect for display. MONEY BACK GUARANTEE. Send approaching traffic. The right wheels cursory physical examination and $1.00 for COLOR CATALOG of over 60 different models. I Model shown: U.S. GOVERNMENT .45 AUTOMATIC 0300 0NLY j sank in the ditch and the ambulance showed us where to sign our military I REPUCA MODELS, INC. Dept. AL-2 610 FRANKLIN STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VIRGINIA 22314 tilted against the roadside bank. I papers. That was the day our pay was stuck. A drizzly rain was fall- jumped from the French Army's five ing. There was no sound from my cents per day to the U.S. Army's FIND TREASURE! load. They may still have been in $1.10 per day! But it was six months Locate coins, jewelry, gold, silver, other valuables shock or half asleep. I shut off the before I was issued official U.S. Army with world-famous White's electronic mineral/metal motor and looked around. A squad of equipment. We continued to serve Call toll-free for location of nearest_dealer. detectors. infantrymen slogging toward the with the French Army. 800-322-4400) was 800-447-4700 (in III., call ps^^e^-) front. I hailed them. How often over the past 60 years Jlf^S ELECTRONICS. FREE rS@Sb»kW e25 dept. AC7-0 Literature "Poussez messieurs! Poussez bien have those memories offset discour- 1011 Pleasant Valley Rd., Sweet Home. OR 97386 forte, s'il vous plait." Like a bunch aging personal problems. I remember of schoolboys they came to my res- one busy night in the spring of 1918. cue. Two climbed the bank to push Our unit was working the poste JAPANESE SWARDS the top of the ambulance away. at Carriere d'Haudromont on the WANTED Others got hold of the tail gate, the right bank of the Meuse for the 20th left fender. I cranked the motor and French Division. I was riding courier climbed behind the wheel. In seconds (copilot) with a new driver. A WANTED— Also Armor. Pole arms. Hara-kiri knives. Match- my load of wounded was back on quarry long held by the Germans lock guns. $50-$ 1 0.000 paid. Send photo & Tel. S to: F. Lohman. 3403 N.E. Broadway. Portland. OR 97232. Licensed & Bonded. the road to Triage but one poor had been captured. A series of infantryman had been squarely be- tunnels made it ideal for care of the C LEARN hind my right rear wheel. When I wounded, but enemy artillery had put on full power he got a mud bath the road below pinpointed. had to Lft MEAT CUTTING We that plastered him from the bottom follow it for perhaps a mile before Train quickly in 8 short weeks at Toledo for a bright future with security in the vital left meat business. Big pay. full-time jobs of his wrap-leggings to the top of we could turn on a road to the HAVE A PROFITABLE MARKET OF YOUR OWN1 Time payment plan available. Di- his blue fatigue cap. He took it with rear. bploma civen. Job help. Thousands of sue* m cessful graduates. OUR 54th YEAR! Send: a wry grin. His buddies burst into There was an alternate route— NOW for a big new illustrated FREE catalog. No obligation. G:f. approved. NATIONAL SCHOOL OF MEAT CUTTING. No. 71-02- laughter. steep, winding mountain road lead- 0197T, Dept. A-121 83 N. Superior, Toledo, OH43604.

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by Father Francis E. Fenton, STL a Roman Catholic priest and member of the 8/mo Orthodox Roman Catholic Movement, Inc. Send $4.00 check order (postage Largest Manufacturer or money included) to: and Distributor of ORCM, INC. BINGO Supplies DEPT. C-20 REMEMBER? Our Blessed Free Catalogues available lor: Box 542 Flags & banners Lady warned at Fatima that it Tables & chairs STRATFORD, CT 06497 •k Complete bingo -k Armchair races Communism would spread its supplies if Jar & breakopen errors throughout the world. tickets What about the Roman [Payment must accompany order. Dept. AL 12 Church? Find out ALL STAR BINGO INC. Catholic Cassette sent via First Class mail.] P.O. Box 2816, Clearwater, Fla. 33517 the facts — then decide! Toll Free Call 800 - 237-9885

46 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1977 '

ing to the rear just a few hundred into life. The driver had not kept up yards from the quarry. But it was maintenance. His low speed band was NOW! Get in on the dangerous, had no shoulders and worn so thin it barely moved the car dropped straight down into a side on the steep grade. I went back and PROFITS in canyon. We were forbidden to use it. pushed on the tail gate. The motor Q A gas attack had caught the and I got the car over the steep French by surprise. The enemy hump where it picked up speed and dropped delayed-explosion gas shells the driver got into high. I couldn't SMALL into the trenches. The infantry keep up on foot and in a couple of thought they were duds . . . until the minutes the driver stopped to wait whole accumulation exploded at once for me. Again I had to push him to ENGINE and released clouds of poison gas. get enough momentum to shift into Victims were led or hand-carried to high. The fourth or fifth time we the quarry. They were stripped and stopped there was a terrific banging REPAIR! fresh clothing it given as long as inside the ambulance. I lifted the Work part time, full time— lasted, then loaded into our ambu- back canvas. right at home— we help lances for the rear. "What's the matter back here?" I you every step of the way. About midnight we rolled growled at the passengers. down No doubt about it... as a small engine pro, you can cash in the hill from the quarry, the new "Are you pushing?" asked a voice on the huge demand for qualified men in one of America's driver at the wheel. As he swung in the darkness. fastest growing industries. You'll be able to command top hourly rates of from $10.00 to $15.00 per hour -and that's into the valley road we saw explod- "Yes, dammit. As hard as I can." just for labor. A simple tune-up earns as much as $17.50 for ing shells landing like rain just be- "Then I can help," said the voice less than an hours work, and parts, engines and accessories will add even more to the profits. yond our turn to the mountain trail. in the ambulance. "I'm only blind but Plenty ol business waiting (or qualified men. The driver knew the specific ban I can push." I helped him climb over 46,000,000 Small Engines Are In Use Today! on that trail as well as I did, but we the baggage at the back. Together That's the official count from the Engine Service Assn., and also knew the General that Order we leaned against the tail gate and one-million new engines are being built each month. With fully drivers were responsible for their yelled at the driver to "put 'er in accredited Belsaw training, you can soon have the skill and knowledge to make top money servicing these engines. People ambulance and for the lives and low." When it got momentum and will seek you out and pay you well to service their lawnmowers, safety of the wounded men they pulled away from us, we let go. I tillers, edgers, power rakes, garden tractors, chain saws, mini- carried. held the blind French soldier's arm bikes, snowmobiles, generators, go-carts, paint sprayers, snow- blowers... the list is almost endless. As we reached the corner a shell and we stumbled on up the trail un- exploded just ahead of us. The driver til the driver again needed our help. swung left as if the blast itself had So the blind Frenchman and I turned the wheel. In a few hundred pushed and stumbled and pushed for feet the road began to climb. We half an hour through the dark but looked back to our right at the road we got the ambulance and its load below where shells were bursting as up into the plateau where the motor spectacularly as in a Fourth of July could handle it. We sat three in the celebration. driver's seat the rest of the way to All YOURS TO KEEP— "I approve your decision," I com- the sorting hospital. .All At No Extra Cost! mented. "We wouldn't get far along So when the going gets tough or that road tonight." Then the ambu- I hear someone complain about diffi- NO EXPERIENCE NECESSARY! lance slowed. The steep road and the culties, I hear the pounding on the You don't need to be a 'born mechanic' or have any prior heavy load were too much for Ford's side of my ambulance and the voice experience. You can master this profitable trade right at home in your sparetime. Lessons are fully illustrated. . . so clear you high gear. The driver had waited too of that French soldier: can't go wrong, and with our famous 'learn-by-doing' method long to shift and he killed the engine. "I'm only blind. I Can help you you get practical 'hands-on' experience. We also show you how to get business, what to charge, where to get supplies As courier or copilot, it was push." my wholesale... all the inside tricks of the trade you need to job to get out and crank the motor —Alonzo W. Pond assure success right from the start.

Send for FREE Facts -Do It TODAY! NO Obligation -NO Salesman Calls! You risk nothing by accepting this offer to see how easily you can learn the skills you need to increase your income in a high-profit business of your own.

I asked God for strength,, that I might achieve, Just fill in and mail coupon below (or send postcard I was made weak, that I might learn humbly to obey. with name and address) to receive full information by return mail. I asked for health, that I might do greater things, RUSH COUPON TODAY j^T"!L M FREE I was given infirmity that I might do better things. BOOKLET! BELSAW INSTITUTE ( I asked for riches, that I might be happy, 4055 FIELD BUILDING 1 I was given poverty, that I might be wise. KANSAS CITY, M0 64111 I asked for power, that I might have the praise of men, Tbelsaw INSTITUTE Accredited . 4055 FIELD BUILDING Member I was given weakness, that I might feel the need God. National Home of KANSAS CITY, M0 64111 Study Council I asked for all things, that I might enjoy life, B YES, please send me the FREE booklet that gives I was given life, that 1 might enjoy all things. full details about starting my own business in Small | Engine Repair. I understand there is No Obligation and I got nothing that I asked for—but everything I had hoped for. that No Salesman will call on me. Almost despite myself, my unspoken prayers were answered. I NAME. I am among all men, most richly blessed. ADDRESS- jj (This prayer, written by an unknown Confederate soldier, was read by Veterans Administrator Max Cleland on national television. Because I CITY of many requests, The American Legion Magazine is reprinting it.) STATE. .ZIP-

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1977 47 PERSONAL

SHOTS AGAINST KILLER DISEASES. Share LATER-RETIREMENT QUESTIONS. iUhOfhers SOME GOOD, SOME BAD $ NEWS.

ahead You're not going to hear much about flu or flu shots in the months —particularly not the "swine flu" variety that got so much publicity last don't expect any major flu year. The reason is simple: Health authorities in the world, outbreaks in the United States in 1977-78 (nor anywhere else high-risk cases. for that matter). So shots are recommended only for very kids Of much more concern right now is parental neglect in protecting have been against killer diseases, which the parents mistakenly think Here's eradicated (adults—especially older ones—can be vulnerable, too). a rundown of recommended inoculations: YOUNGSTERS: At age 2 months, DPT immunization (diphtheria, polio whooping cough, tetanus), plus polio; at 4 and 6 months, DPT and by a measles-mumps- boosters; at 12 months, a tuberculin test followed Give a Gift Subscription and polio rubella (German measles) vaccination; at 1% and 4 years, DPT boosters; at 14 years, tetanus-diphtheria boosters. of your ADULTS: Tetanus-diphtheria boosters every 10 years. Women who have immunized before not had rubella itself or a rubella vaccination should be want AMERICAN LEGION pregnancy (to prevent birth defects in children). Also, you may your younger days. mumps and polio immunization if you didn't have it in MAGAZINE

It's a unique holiday gift, one laws—the One way or another—by revision of either state or federal trend gathers mo- the entire family will enjoy. retirement age is being raised to 70 or higher. As this mentum, begin thinking about these implications: Complete the form below and disappear en- • Age limits on government employees eventually may mail with a check for $3 for and municipalities). tirely (that's already happened in several states each subscription ordered. (Add • In private business, the ceiling likely will be upped to 70. $1 for foreign postage.) • In looking ahead, ponder two key financial problems: on? You'll get more before Dec. 1) Should you retire at 65 (or even before) or stay Orders received you'll be taxed on it; immediate income by continuing on the job, but 1, 1977 will be acknowledged benefits, which are tax free; you'll defer you'll cut into Social Security by a gift card to the recipient. working. your pension, and living expenses usually are higher when of you continue past 65, or 2) If your wife is employed, too, should both going to take some both quit, or should one stay on and the other quit? It's sharp figuring, because so many combinations are involved. TO: Circulation Dept. American Legion Magazine P.O. Box 1954 Indianapolis, IN 46206 Developments worth keeping in mind: CHRISTMAS BARGAINS: Electronic TV games—the kind you plug Please accept the enclosed payment "play" on the video screen—are down in price. Because into your set and of $3 ($4 foreign postage) for a as Elec- of competition and high production, they now sell for as low $20. one-year subscription to The Ameri- on microwave Jan. tronic calculators and digital watches also cost less. Tags can Legion Magazine effective entered the field, 1, 1978. ovens are beginning to fall, too; around 30 makers have each trying for a competitive edge. LUMBER: Strong demand, the ravages of forest fires, and wage in- Outlook: More FOR: creases are driving lumber and plywood prices out of sight. the cost of bad news for at least another year. Obviously, this will affect new homes markedly and make do-it-yourself projects more expensive. Name: TIRES: The year-around radial—a cross between a standard radial and Address: family. Goodyear is the studless snow tire—is a new addition to the tire now marketing them in a $40-$80 range (other manufacturers are sure to than top-grade follow suit). The newcomers are somewhat less expensive City State Zip the treads are standard tires, but they likely won't last as long because Given by: made of "softer" materials to get additional traction. SMOKE DETECTORS: This hot area now has seven major manufac- at 10- Name: turers (plus some smaller ones) competing for a market estimated to the this year. The upshot is classic: Prices have dropped million units Address: $20 level—about half what they were a year ago.

i By Edgar A. Grunwald City State Zip

48 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1977 STATEMENT OF OWNERSHIP, MANAGEMENT AND CIRCULATION BOOKS (Act of August 12, 1970: Section 3685. Title 39, United States Code) 1. Title of Publication: THE AMERICAN The American Legion, 700 North Pennsylvania LEGION MAGAZINE. Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46206. 2. Date of filing: September 1977. 8. Known bondholders, mortgagees, and other 3. Frequency of issue: Monthly. security holders owning or holding 1 percent or THAT MATTER 3A. Annual subscription price: $1.50. more of total amount of bonds, mortgages or 4. Location of known office of publication: other securities: None. 700 North Pennsylvania Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46204 (Marion County). 9. For optional completion by publishers mail- 5. Location of the headquarters of general ing at the regular rates (Section 132,121, Postal Murder of a Gentle Land, by John business offices of the publisher: 342 Madison Service Manual). Ave., Room 1628, New York, 10017. Barron and Anthony Paul. Reader's NY 39 U.S.C. 3626 provides in pertinent part: "No 6. Names and addresses of publisher, editor, person who would have been entitled to mail and managing editor: Digest Press, New York, NY, 232 pp., matter under former section 4359 of this title Publisher: James F. O'Neil. 342 Madison shall mail such matter at the rates provided un- Ave., 1628, $9.95. Room New York, New York 10017. der this subsection unless he files annually with Editor: Raymond J. McHugh, 1608 While the United States was pre- K Street, the Postal Service a written request for permis- N.W., Washington, D.C. 20006. sion to mail matter at such rates." paring to welcome its 200th birthday Managing Editor: Frank Kuest, 1608 K Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20006. In accordance with the provisions of this statute, I hereby request in 1976, Cambodia was being wiped 7. Owner (If owned by a corporation, its name permission to mail the publica- and address must be stated and also immediately tion named in item 1 at the reduced postage out by the communists. thereunder the names and addresses of stock- rates presently authorized by 39 U.S.C. 3626. This once lovely land was the scene holders owning or holding 1 percent or more of James F. O'Neil, Publisher total amount of stock. If not owned by a corpo- 10. For completion by nonprofit organizations of a planned act of communist terror ration, the names and addresses of the individ- authorized to mail at special rates (Section ual owners must be given. owned part- and genocide, "the emigration from If by a 132.122, Postal Manual). The purpose, function, nership or other unincorporated firm, its name and nonprofit status of this organization and the the cities," designed to totally de- and address, as well as that of each individual exempt status for Federal income tax purposes must be given.) have not changed during preceding 12 months. stroy the fabric of the old Cam- Average Actual Number bodian society so that a new one No. Copies of Copies Of Each Issue During would rise from its ashes. It is esti- Single Issue Preceding Published Nearest mated that the emigration resulted 12 Months to Filing Date 11. EXTENT AND NATURE OF CIRCULATION in the deaths of over a million and a A. Total No. Copies Printed (Net Press Run) 2,657,667 2,640,000 quarter Cambodians from starvation, B. Paid Circulation 1. Sales Through Dealers and Carriers, disease and execution between April Street Vendors and Counter Sales None None 2. Mail Subscriptions 2,634,447 2,614,485 17, 1975 and January 1977. The Total Circulation C. Paid (Sum of 11B1 and 11B2) . .. 2,634,447 2,614,485 events of that terrible time are told D. Free Distribution by Mail, Carrier or Other Means Samples, Complimentary, and other in this book. Free Copies 5,193 7,130 E. Total Distribution (Sum of C and D) 2,639,640 2,621,615 F. Copies Not Distributed The Retirement Threat, by Tony 1. Office Use, Left Over, Unaccounted, Spoiled After Printing 18,027 18,385 Lamb and Davy Duffy. J. P. Tarcher, 2. Returns from News Agents None None G. Total (Sum of E, Fl and 2—Should equal net Inc., Pub., Angeles, Los CA, 161 pp., press run shown in A) 2.657.667 2,640,000 $7.95. I certify that the statements made by me above are correct and complete. James F. O'Neil Every person 40 or over should - consider this must reading. It may GROW not solve all your future retirement MAKE MONEY! Millions of tires have damaged or mis-matched problems, it will white- but make you aware Geranium walls. PLANTS They can earn you big profits with our equipment of what they very well may be. FROM SEED. New double and you can start a business customizing tires. You and Semi-Double varieties, all shades. charge $3.50 per stripe per tire which can mean $1 4.00 or For those who have already re- Described in New Seed & Nursery Cata- more for a set of 4 tires. Your cost is only 20e and takes log. Send in only 20 minutes. You easily tired and find themselves among the 15c coin for 50c Pkt. rDCr can average 10 cars a day, at- or 2 Pkts. for 25c and Catalog I tlLL $13.80 profit each for a big $138.00 daily profit. NO retired poor, the authors offer some R. H. SHUMWAY SEEDSMAN FRANCHISE FEES, ROYALTIES, OR OVERHEAD. TAX Dept. 305 ROCKFORD, ILLINOIS 61101 BENEFITS. NO EXPERIENCE NEEDED. We provide an sound advice about how and where expense-paid trip to Dallas, Texas for full training and you to begin to try to improve such can become a Tire Customizing Specialist or distributor in a very short time. retirement circumstances. Distributor $60,000 "This is what I grossed the first ninety Decision Over Schweinfurt, by DON'T QUIT SMOKING days." —Bill Smith, San Jose, CA. before giving my pipe a 30 Day Trial Thomas M. Coffey. David McKay Co., Dealer $5,400 "I grossed this amount in two months, part Inc., Pub., New York, NY, 348 pp., time." —Brian Stoneback, Carrollton, Texas $12.50. Looking back to the success of the Owner/Operator $20/Hour "/ gross this operating my tire customizing Allies air war in Europe during unit."—Dennis DeStefano, South Orange, N.J. WWII, it is difficult to imagine that My now principle contradicts every idea you've ever had about pipe smoking. I guarantee it to smoke cool and • Repair Curb Damage_ mild hour after hour, day after day, without rest, without bite, there was ever any question about • bitterness or sludge. To prove it, I'll let you test smoke a Whitewalling Carey Pipe how that war should be carried to for 30 days. Write today for FREE trial offer. • Color Stripes E. A. CAREY, the enemy. But between February Dept. 246W, 3932 N. Kilpotrick, Chicago, III. 60641 • Lettering 1942 and the two Schweinfurt raids in August and October 1943, the all- important decision on strategy was Tall -ette" Raises the cause of major conflicts between Toilet Seat Height the American Air Force and the l Royal Air Force. Indispensable to those immobilized by arthritis and other diseases. No It was the 8th Air Force Bomber need to remove permanent seat, Command's success in the two the molded plastic Tall-ette® fits TIRE COSMOTOLOGY, INC. all standard toilets. Portable, 1 10920 Indian Trail, Suite 201 Schweinfurt raids which finally Dallas, TX 75229 proved that round-the-clock bombing mmmmm Call Toll Free: 1-800-527-7438 for free literature. could be carried out Only $19.95 —the Americans • Name bombing by day, the British by night Send check or money order now— CO. D. add $2.00 yrt Connecticut residents add 7% sales tax- Address —and that the results were worth Phone No. every bit of the risk. Box 1356 -AL Boston Post Rd., Madison, CT 06443 City —Grail Hanford WRITE FOR FREE CATALOG OF SELF HELP AIDS . State_ .2ip_

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1977 49 —

TIME...

Your most precious natural resource. It can't be bought, sold, traded, lost, earned, or For Bass Go South ever replaced.

We spend our time honoring yours. Send for a poll were taken to determine the worm, but other colors followed our 1978 catalog. 100 pages of finished clocks, If most popular game fish among sports- black, purple, chartreuse, all the col- kits and components. The finest, most com- prehensive selection in America. men in the north, there might be a ors of the rainbow—and they all catch 100 page catalog ?w close contest between the trout and fish. Billions have been sold which Music Box Brochure 25* the black bass. But in the rest of the proves their effectiveness. Bass over CRAFT PRODUCTS country, the black bass would be a 20 pounds have been caught but a landslide winner. In the south, when nine-pounder is considered a "lunker." Dept. 27 St. Charles, 111. 60174 a man says he's going fishing you can There is another bass in the south- safely bet he means largemouth bass ern saltwaters which interests many fishing. In fact, bass fishing below the fishermen but is not nearly as pop- HYDRAULIC JACK REPAIRS Mason-Dixon line has become a ver- ular as the freshwater black bass and Earn While You Learn In Your Spare Time itable mania. Everywhere you go really isn't a bass at all. That is the Trained and qualified mechanics needed NOW to service children distant inoperative hydraulic jacks. BIG opportunity for ambitious you'll see men, women and channel bass, which has only a ( men. Wc show you HOW — in your basement or garage to I fishing from rowboats, bridges and relationship to the high-leaping large- 1 earn spare time cash in an expanding industry. Don't wait,

, ACT NOW! Get the facts. docks, usually with live bait. mouth, and is usually caught by surf- Write for folder No. A-t2and free bonus offer. In the winter when the northern casting. .Hydraulic Jack Repair Manual Co., Inc. waters are too cold for these fish to Waters inhabited by largemouth G.P.O. 80X 3 . STATEN ISLAND, N. V. 10314 be active, there is a mass migration bass vary from the lush, moss-draped of anglers to the still warm southern rivers of Florida to the huge im- BASEMENT TOILET lakes and rivers from Florida, Geor- poundments created by the TVA and gia and the Carolinas west to the dry Army Engineers in Tennessee, Texas, Flushes up to existing sewer or sep- tic tank by powerful, self-contained prairie states. These addicts often Missouri and Arkansas. Information pump operated by normal water travel thousands of miles to the many can be obtained by writing to the pressure. No digging up floors. Clog resistant, easily installed. Make highly-publicized bass meccas. Prime state tourist bureaus, also from the basement into game room, den, places to consider are Florida's St. TVA Mapping Services, Room 200, apartment with private bath. Financing ava Hable. River, the Chattahoochee River Building, Chattanooga, Ten- Write for free literature. Johns Haney SANDERS, Dept. J— 17 Box 92102, Houston, Tx 77206. on the Georgia-Alabama border, Dale nessee, 37401, which issues naviga- Hollow in Tennessee and North Caro- tional maps. State recreation area lina's Currytuck Sound. Further west maps are also useful guides to good there are the Ouachita Swamps of fishing. Louisiana, Toledo Bend in Texas, and USD hunting boots at night have FROM SEED the man-made lakes: Bull Shoals in EMPTY ALL KINDS AND FORMS Arkansas, Missouri's Table Rock Lake a strange attraction for unwelcome Curious, odd-looking-, strange spe- visitors—field mice, pack rats, all cies of plants that thrive anywhere and, up along the Oklahoma border, kinds of crawling insects. (Even with little care. Flowers of exqui- are Lake Tacoma and the Sam Ray- site beauty and fragrance. Send cobras in India.) To discourage such only 15c in coin for 50c Pkt. burn Reservoir. invaders, J. A. of Chicago, or 2 Pkts. for 25c and Seed All the good fishing areas have Mrs. Sims and Nursery HIEE 111. stretches a sock over each shoe Catalog. facilities such as marinas, boat liv- fKCC top. Newspaper tucked into the toes R. H. SHU M WAY SEEDSMAN eries, bait sales and guide services. Dept. 306 ROCKFORD, ILLINOIS 61101 Motels, restaurants and tackle shops will dry out any dampness. have materialized in these to accom- CARRY an old window shade in your modate the hordes of visiting and local THE ORIGINAL car or camper, advises Mark Upshaw anglers. of Waynesboro, Miss. Should you have anglers their heroes, too, Bass have car trouble it's handy to lie on, espe- the as baseball and football fans. same cially when snow is on the ground. professional (genuine ^Porcelain Their heroes are the It helps when unrolled underneath largemouth anglers who compete for your sleeping bag, also. FLUSHES UP TO high stakes in the many bass tourna- SEWER OR SEPTIC TANK ments that have proliferated through- -No Digging Up Floors- out the south. Like baseball buffs /NSTALLS EASV. ANYWHERE! these fans travel great distances to see the stars in action. Write McPHERSON, Inc., Dept. AL Most bass fishing is done with fish- Box 15133 Tampa, Florida 33684 shaped plugs made of wood or plastic, and metal spoons, jigs and spinners. Recently, however, a bewildering ar- ray of enticements has appeared on the market designed primarily, it seems, to attract the fisherman rather than the fish. But one that really FOR PERMANENT works is the plastic worm. The first K FUND RAISING worms were red, like the natural Easy way to raise money for your Organization because everyone has fun playing BINGO! Thousands of Organizations are making up to ELECTRIFY YOUR BIKE! PEDALPOWER exciting new bike drive tames $500.00 per week using "BINGO KING" supplies tough hills. Be independent. Shop when you and FREE Idea Bulletins. Write for FREE catalog want. Fits all Bikes, Adult Trikes. Installs and details on raising money for your Organiza- in minutes. Thousands sold. Recharges tion. overnite. Travels 100 miles for a dime. PLEASE GIVE NAME OF ORGANIZATION. Send for FREE illustrated booklet. GENERAL ENGINES CO., 5615 Mantua Blvd., Sewell, N.J. 08080 "You must be Mrs. Byrd!" Dept. 712-A, Box 2588, LITTLETON, COLO. 80120 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE

50 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1977 - — •

TRYA BURKE -—SHOPPER ELEVATING CHAIR Heart condition FREE FORAWEEK. keeping you down? The Burke Chair helps you all g STAIR-GLIDE® stairway the way to a standing position lift lets you ride up and safely and gently. Send for a down stairs effortlessly, .«j free catalog. Then, if you desire, with fingertip control. Installs in 2 hours, is j select the recliner, rocker UL listed, runs off of |

: or contempo- household current, and * will not mar walls or A GREENHOUSE FOR CHRISTMAS! This rary of ^*T-V stairs. 4f Double-layer design greenhouse uses ' about half the energy of glass green- your choice. Three models to houses. All bolted California Redwood & choose from; Deluxe, try it fiberglass. Six models from $89 to $410. And Economy and Outdoor. Rental program available. Free brochure from McGregor Green- free for America's largest selling stairway lift. houses, Box 36-12CC, Santa Cruz, CA a 95063/(408) 476-5390 week in your Write for free color brochure and name of dealer nearest you. own home. American Stair-Glide ASK ABOUT Corporation MEDICARE 4001 East 138th Street, Dept. AL-127 COVERAGE! Grandview, Missouri 64030

IDEAL CHRISTMAS GIFT—Mystery Elec- BlftKEk HAWAIIAN tronic Top spins for days at 2,500 rpm on invisible power. Baffling brain-buster. P.O. Box 1064, Dept. AL-1277 1978 Calendar Perpetual Motion? UFO? Psychic Power? Mission, Kansas 66202 Anti-gravity? Never wears out. Complete „ Beautiful, colorful scenic pictures with secret, scientific explanation. Send CALL TOLL-FREE Authentic — in Hawaiian $7.95 + $1.00 shipping. 3 for $22.65 post- paid. Johnson Smith Co., Dept. AL, Mt. 1-800-255-4147 and English languages Clemens, Ml 48043. Full calendar size 17" xll"

. A perfect gift item B ACK-E ASER $1 .95 each or three for $5.50 Delivery in 10 days— Patented we pay postage

plus 75c Send check or money order to postage Hawaiian Calendars, HAVE TROUBLE READING SMALL PRINT? For men and women. Makes you ap- Magnifying Reading Glasses make it pear inches slimmer, improves posture, Dept. AL, Box 10431, Honolulu, Hawaii 9681S easier for folks over 40. SEE CLEARER IN- helps relieve tensed sacroiliac nerves. STANTLY. Not Rx or for astigmatism or Strong, form-fitting, washable. Snap diseases of the eye. 30-day home trial, front. Encircling pull straps for MONEY BACK GUARANTEE. State age easy adjustment and instant relief. and sex. Send $6.98 plus 75

U.S. COINS BY THE POUND! If you have an idea for a new product, or a way to make an old product better, contact us, "the

idea people" We'll develop your idea, introduce it to industry, negotiate for cash sale or royalty licensing. Write now without cost or obligation for free information. Fees are charged only for contracted

services. So send for your FREE "Inventor's Kit." It has important Marketing Information, a special "Invention Record Form" and a Directory of 1001 Corporations Seeking New Products. ~~ RAYMOND LEE ORGANIZATION 230 Park Avenue North, New York, NY 100 1? At no cost or obligation, please rush sort overflowing Rather than vaults, these coins my FREE "Inventor's Kit No. A 183". are sold by the pound! A GOLD PIECE of the world included! All coins 30-150 years old. May include Indian, Lincoln cents; silver dollars; 20; Address. 30 pes etc. 1 lb.—$16.50; 2 lbs.—$30; 5 lbs.—$72;

LIKE A HELPING HAND. 10 lbs. (plus 2 gold pes)—$115. Add $1.50 for ins. City .Zip. & post. M/C & BOA accepted. Centre Coin Co., Many people — senior citizens, arthritics. Box 1, Dept. AL-12, Sherman Oaks, Ca. 91413. and those suffering from Multiple Sclerosis, j Muscular Dystrophy or Parkinson's disease need help getting in and out of a chair. The EASY-LIFT power cushion recliner gently lifts you forward as well as up to a semi- FIND BURIED TREASURE standing position. The lifting angle adjusts Find buried gold, silver, coins, treasures with powerful new to fit your needs, controls are easy to electronic detector. Ultra sensitive. Penetrates deep into reach, and it runs on household current. earth. Works through mud, beach sand, rock, wood, EASY-LIFT— like a helping hand. etc. Signals /"c\^>^ when object is detected. WRITE FOR FREE BROCHURE AND NAME OF DEALER NEAREST YOU. AMtRlCAU STvUIR-GLIDE CORP. Write for Free Catalog, treasure hunting tips and Financing ALE-127 4001 East 138th Street, Dept. unusual souvenir coin. Available Grandview, Missouri 64030 RELCO Dept. DD-5, Box 10839, Houston, Tex. 77018

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE . DECEMBER 1977 51 —

WOMAN'S PRIVILEGE

He puts an angel on the tip of the tree, Climbing the ladder and reaching far. But when at last it's in place His wife decides she'd prefer a star! Beth Cook

RETROSPECT

A viewer gazed at a picture of a group of men seated around a table. Each wore long hair, tight pants, boots, and fancy jackets. They were signing the Declaration of Independence. Dorothea Kent

INSOMNIA CURE

For nights when sleep evades me, I will as a final attempt Not only count my blessings But list those which are tax exempt!

R. C. Shebelski

SAFETY BELT: The best way to keep from leaving the scene of an accident. Lucille Harper

"Harry, I have nothing to wear for Christmas." MAGAZINE THE AMERICAN LEGION SEASONAL SAMPLER

Boughs of holly deck the hall, The kids before the fire sprawl, ROUGH GOING The balsam needles softly fall And company is wall-to-wall!" "As I backed out of the garage I hit the door, ran over my son's bicycle, tore up the lawn, rolled over the cat's tail, smashed the curb- Rosemarie Williamson ing, hit our neighbor's house, crushed a stop sign, and crashed into a tree." "Then what happened?" the officer inquired. The telephone is a remarkable invention. "Then I lost control of the car," replied the driver. It allows teen-agers to go steady without Mary Ruddy holding hands. 100% AMERICAN M. Y. Wilcox A refugee couple arrived in the United States with the dream of becoming American citizens. They waited, they studied and at last the great day came. At home after the ceremonies the man turned to his wife. "Think of it!" he exclaimed. "At last we are Americans!" "Yes," she replied, tying her apron around his waist. "Now YOU can do the dishes." Gene Fobsteb SNOOTY POOCH A society matron, looking for a new breed of dog, pointed to one in the kennel and inquired, "Is that dog pedigreed?" "Madam," replied the owner, "if that dog could talk he wouldn't speak to either of us!" Lucille Goodyear SAME OLD STORY "Athletics have become professionalized." Socrates said it in 319 B.C. in "The first of June and nothing done in the Senate." Cicero said it 56 B.C. Grandin K. Hammell IT FIGURES

If the average man saves for the next 20 years at the same rate he has "Five bucks a pound! I wish been saving for the past six months, he'll be able to retire at the age / was worth that much." of 60 owing $100,000. Fran Allen THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE

52 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1977 MerrySmoothness.

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JULIUS KESSLER CO., LAWRENCE8URG, INC. BLENDED WH1SKEV. 80 PROOF. 72/2% GRAIN NEUTRAL SPIRITS. . .. ! ! BWTWURFEET/ 'Afternoon Delight Cushion Step Shoes have EXTRA THICK CREPE HEEL & SOLE! 95

The far-out world of stiff and stuffy, ultra high- priced executive shoes has just received a kick in the shins from a soft and comfy, extremely good looking new entry. Haband, the nationwide mail order people from Paterson, N.J., have introduced "Afternoon Delights," a comfortable new Cushion Step pair of shoes with California Crepe extra

thick heel and sole ! Shown first to Haband's huge list of over two-million executive-class customers as a vacation resort "luxury" shoe, it was suddenly discovered by the hard-working economy-minded "Man-on-the-Street" and the rush was on Delights became lOriginated as a vacation comfort casual shoe, "Afternoon The new shoe, which also incorporates a higher the favorites of the Country's Proudest Men, who then demanded the same roomier inner box toe, was scooped up by police- |lavish comfort, support, & protection in conservative office styles. men, salesmen, mechanics, plant foremen, Brown postmen — men on their feet all day — as the best iSHOWN HERE: answer to their footwear needs: SUPPORT.

PROTECTION . GOOD LOOKS . & LOW PRICE ! I the BEST NEW The handsome leatherlike grained upper is | EXECUTIVE made from soft sturdy man-made materials that | STYLES' cuddle the feet in luxurious comfort. The soft ^ lively heel sole guarantee thick and a SURE GRIP on almost any surface, and you get a NEW BOUNCE IN YOUR STRIDE! They are long-

wearing - practically indestructible ! Full support built-in shank in the arch, yet they have great natural flexibility throughout No pinching! No side stretching! These are sturdy, well-made executive shoes that never lose their shape, give L plenty of room for your toes, and will give you MAXIMUM WALKING COMFORT! I Black Oxford | Look Soft Cushion Crepe Heel & Sole dte^is^ as fJff^J5ress. at these !iHaband"l~0%Trwr7made "Afternoon Delight" Shoes 5 Shoes I Carefully/ 3 for J The price is 37.30 I 2 <°< 2495 I You will be seeing them in the HABAND COMPANY, Direct Service most important offices, in the most 265 North 9th Street I exclusive clubs, on busy executive feet at airports, Tan Paterson, New Jersey 07530 Loafer government meetings, &. boardroom work sessions. You should be wearing them too, BUT O.K. Gentlemen: You may send me pairs of your new I DON'T PAY $35 or $50 a PAIR! All Sizes delivered Executive Style "Afternoon The Haband price is Two Pairs for $24.95 , direct to your door ON MONEY BACK APPROVAL! Delight" Cushion Step Shoes, remittance" I We will be proud to have you see them, wear them, for which I enclose my Medium (D), then decide. Just check your _ show your friends and of $ . GUARANTEE Widths & Wide EEEl choice and mail this coupon. We promise you fast, I in full if at any time I HOW Remittance refunded Color & Style Many Size Width friendly, efficient service and the shoe comfort am not 100% delighted with the shoes! _ buy of a lifetime ! 70B-438 Dk. Brown Oxford I Name Tan Loafer Apt. Black Oxford I Street I HABAND Black Loafer 265 North 9th St., Paterson, N.J. 07530 City operating I I Brown Woven I Haband is a conscientious family business _ ZIP | by U.S.Mail since 1925.M. Habernickel & Son, Duke State CODEI J Loafer