Infection and Immunity Volume 43 * January 1984 Number 1 J

INFECTION AND IMMUNITY VOLUME 43 * JANUARY 1984 NUMBER 1 J. W. Shands, Jr., Editor in Chief (1984) University of Florida, Gainesville Phillip J. Baker, Editor (1985) Stephan E. Mergenhagen, Editor (1984) National Institute ofAllergy and Peter F. Bonventre, Editor (1984) National Institute ofDental Research Infectious Diseases University of Cincinnati Bethesda, Md. Bethesda, Md. Cincinnati, Ohio John H. Schwab, Editor (1985) Edwin H. Beachey, Editor (1988) Arthur G. Johnson, Editor (1986) University of North Carolina, VA Medical Center University ofMinnesota, Duluth Medical School Memphis, Tenn. Chapel Hill EDITORIAL BOARD Leonard C. Altman (1986) John C. Feeley (1985) Julius P. Kreier (1986) Stephen W. Russell (1985) Michael A. Apicella (1985) Robert Finberg (1984) Maurice J. Lefford (1984) Catherine Saelinger (1984) Roland Arnold (1984) John R. Finerty (1984) Thomas Lehner (1986) Edward J. St. Martin (1985) Joel B. Baseman (1985) Robert Fitzgerald (1986) Stephan H. Leppla (1985) Irvin E. Salit (1986) Elmer L. Becker (1984) Samuel B. Formal (1986) Michael Loos (1984) Anthony J. Sbarra (1984) Neil Blacklow (1984) John Gallin (1985) John Mansfield (1985) Charles F. Schachtele (1985) Arnold S. Bleiweis (1984) Peter Gemski (1985) Zell A. McGee (1985) Julius Schachter (1986) William H. Bowen (1985) Robert Genco (1985) Jerry R. McGhee (1985) Jerome L. Schulman (1985) Robert R. Brubaker (1986) Ronald J. Gibbons (1985) Douglas D. McGregor (1985) Alan Sher (1984) Ward Bullock, Jr. (1985) Frances Gillin (1984) Floyd C. McIntire (1985) Gerald D. Shockman (1986) Charles Carpenter (1985) Mayer B. Goren (1985) Monte Meltzer (1986) Phillip Smith (1985) Bruce Chassy (1984) Harry Greenberg (1985) Jiri Mestecky (1986) Ralph Snyderman (1985) John 0. Cisar (1985) Frank Griffin (1984) J. Gabriel Michael (1986) Maggie So (1986) John Clements (1985) Richard Guerrant (1986) Page Morahan (1985) J. G. Stevens (1985) Myron Cohen (1984) Carlton L. Gyles (1985) Frederick A. Murphy (1985) Barnet M. Sultzer (1985) Barry C. Cole (1984) Edgar Hanna (1984) Henry W. Murray (1986) Catharina Svanborg-Eden (1985) R. John Collier (1984) Eric J. Hansen (1986) Neal Nathanson (1984) John L. Swanson (1984) Lynette Corbeil (1984) David Hentges (1985) Robert J. North (1985) Diane Taylor (1984) Jim E. Cutler (1984) Martin S. Hirsch (1985) Alison O'Brien (1985) Ivo van de Rijn (1984) Peter C. Doherty (1984) Randall K. Holmes (1986) Itzhak Ofek (1986) Johannes van Houte (1985) Judith E. Domer (1986) Dexter H. Howard (1985) Roy C. Page (1985) Jan T. Vilcek (1985) James L. Duncan (1985) Barbara Iglewski (1986) Chik H. Pai (1985) Stefanie Vogel (1985) Dennis Dwyer (1984) Howard M. Johnson (1985) Monique Parant (1984) Peter A. Ward (1985) Roman Dziarski (1984) Russell C. Johnson (1985) Nathaniel F. Pierce (1986) William P. Weidanz (1984) Robert A. Eisenberg (1984) William Johnson (1985) Matthew Pollock (1986) William 0. Weigle (1984) Barry Eisenstein (1985) Garth W. Jones (1984) Ruth Rappaport (1986) Jerry A. Winkelstein (1984) Toby Eisenstein (1984) Dennis L. Kasper (1985) John B. Robbins (1986) Herbert H. Winkler (1986) Peter Elsbach (1986) George E. Kenny (1984) Donald Robertson (1984) Meyer J. Wolin (1984) Stanley Falkow (1985) David F. Keren (1985) Burton Rosan (1986) David J. Wyler (1984) John J. Farrar (1985) Paul Kolenbrander (1986) Jon A. Rudbach (1984) Wendell D. Zollinger (1985) Helen R. Whiteley, Chairman, Publications Board Walter G. Peter III, Director of Publications Linda M. llig, Managing Editor, Journals Karen Simon, Production Editor Infection and Immunity (ISSN 0019-9567), a publication of the American Society for Microbiology, 1913 I St., NW, Washington, DC 20006, is devoted to the advancement and dissemination offundamental knowledge concerning: (i) infections caused by pathogenic bacteria, fungi, and unicellular parasites; (ii) the ecology and epidemiology of pathogenic microbes; (iii) virulence factors, such as toxins and microbial surface structures; (iv) nonspecific factors in host resistance and susceptibility to infection; and (v) immunology of microbial infection. Instructions to authors are published in the January issue each year; reprints are available from the editors and the Publications Department. Infection and Immunity is published monthly, and the twelve numbers are divided into four volumes per year. The nonmember subscription price is $249 per year; single copies are $21. 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Made in the United States of America. Copyright C) 1984, American Society for Microbiology. $: iltM. t, a ;+trt; (IIIJ.c All Rights Reserved. The code at the top of the first page of an article in this journal indicates the copyright owner's consent that copies of the article may be made for personal use or for personal use of specific clients. This consent is given on the condition, however, that the copier pay the stated per-copy fee through the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 21 Congress St., Salem, MA 01970, for copying beyond that permitted by Sections 107 and 108 of the U.S. Copyright Law. This consent does not extend to other kinds of copying, such as copying for general distribution, for advertising or promotional purposes, for creating new collective works, or for resale. Author Index

Achtman, M., 368 Ferrante, Antonio, 238 Levitt, Daniel, 84 Rojas, Miguel, 402 Alger, Nelda E., 442 Flaherty, Dennis K., 206, 213 Liebert, Cynthia, 213 Rosenstreich, David L., 337 Ashton, Fraser E., 407 Friedlander, Arthur M., 283 Lipton, Howard L., 432 Roth, James A., 66 Aspinall, Gerald O., 245 Friedman, Herman, 314, 347 Low, David, 353 Rowatt, James D., 253 Avila, Jose L., 402 Fujiwara, Tsuyoshi, 245 Lugowski, Czeslaw, 407 Rozhon, Edward J., 432 Azuma, Ichiro, 233 Furer, E., 440 Runnels, P. L., 1 Ryu, Hyoik, 66 Macmillan, James D., 320 Rzepczyk, Christine M., 238 Babiker, Salah, 289 Galloway, Darrell R., 49 Maejima, Kazuyoshi, 6 Baca, Oswald G., 253 Germanier, R., 440 Makela, P. Helena, 149 Bard, Jonathan, 84 Goldman, Ron, 386 Malamud, Daniel, 386 Saul, Allan J., 238 Barg, Linda L., 183 Gonzales, Frank R., 14 Marzouk, Joe, 359 Schoolnik, Gary, 353 Baron, Samuel, 122 Graham, Leroy, Jr., 79 Masihi, K. Noel, 233 Schrumpf, Merry E., 217 Beachey, Edwin H., 122 Grihn, Erik M., 308 Maurelli, Anthony T., 195, Schumacher, H. Ralph, 139 Beeder, Ann B., 108 Greenblatt, Hellen C., 337 397 Schwartz, David H., 202 Berg, Rodney D., 6 Greenspan, Neil S., 202 McKenzie, Ian F. C., 429 Searls, Lisa, 314 Berger, Elaine M., 435 Griffith, Ronald W., 66 McLaughlin, John, 294 Siddiqui, Wasim A., 276 Bick, P. H., 326 McPhee, Dale A., 413 Siitonen, Anja, 149 Bishop, Karen, 206, 213 Mercer, A., 368 Singleton, Fred, 213 Black, Samuel J., 445 Halevy, Menachem, 14 Merrill, Paul, 283 Smith, Larry R., 206, 213 Blackmon, Barbara, 195, 397 Hall, Graham A., 133 Milazzo, Francis H., 11 StAhlberg, Tom H., 308 Bolin, Ingrid, 72, 108 Hedstrom, Richard C., 49 Mills, John, 359 Stanton, G. John, 122 Bouvet, A., 28 Hetrick, Frank M., 59 Minion, F. Chris, 115 Steiner, Craig M., 432 Brehmer, Werner, 233 Hirayama, Toshiya, 21 Mishell, R., 178 Stephens, Richard S., 263 Brennan, Patrick J., 245 H0iby, Niels, 161 Molina, N. Christine, 93 Stewart, Scott, 421 Bridger, Janice C., 133 Holt, S. C., 166, 178 Moon, H. W., 1 Stibbs, Henry H., 263 Brown, Carolyn, 386 Hood, Mary A., 213 Moskophidis, Matthaus, 127 Sully, E. C., 326 Brown, Joanna F., 133 Houston, Clifford W., 93 Muller, Ferdinand, 127 Svenson, Stefan B., 149 Brown, Mary B., 115 Howard, D. H., 380 Muller, Sybille, 233 Buchanan, Thomas M., 183 Huff, Timothy, 122 Murphy, James R., 38 Bynum, Lester M., 206, 213 Hunter, Shirley W., 245 Targowski, Stanislaw P., 289 Hurwitz, Julia L., 202 Thomas, Leo A., 421 Navalkar, Ram G., 79 Thorel, Marie-Frangoise, 438 Cabrian, Kathy, 314 Nonnecke, Brian J., 289 Thorpe, Ruth N., 302 Carpenter, A. B., 326 Jack, Richard M., 445 Nypaver, Matthew J., 143 Timmis, K. N., 391 Case, Stephen E., 276 Jahrling, Peter B., 283 To, Sam C.-M., 1 Cassell, Gail H., 115 Jarrett, R. G., 413 Gale Tobery, Steven, 283 Chase, Theodore, Jr., 320 Jeffers, W., 43 Odagiri, Yoshiharu, 54 Torian, Bruce E., 263 Cho, Sang-Nae, 245 Jennings, Harold J., 407 Ofek, Itzhak, 257 Trummel, C., 178 Cole, Barry C., 302 Jerrells, Thomas R., 59 Ohishi, Iwao, 54 Collins, Frank M., 32 Johansen, Kirsten Staehr, 435 Orme, Ian M., 32 Connelly, Roberta J., 263 Johnson, William, 347 0rskov, Frits, 149 Vaisanen, Eino, 149 Cooper, James, 206 Johnston, Mona R., 421 0rskov, Ida, 149 Vaisanen, V., 368 Costerton, J. William, 359 Osterman, Joseph V., 143 Vaisanen-Rhen, Vuokko, 149 Crist, Arthur E., Jr., 38 Kaeberle, Merlin L., 66 Valerius, Niels H., 161 Cryz, S. J., Jr., 440 van de Rijn, I., 28 Curtiss, Roy, III, 195, 397 Kan, Siu-Chow, 276 Kato, Iwao, 21 Palmer, Bennie A., 59 Keshavarz-Valian, Hossein, Pang, Tikky, 429 Dainelli, Benedetto, 189 442 Paretsky, D., 14 Watanabe, H., 391 Dall, Lawrence, 359 Khanolkar, Saroj R., 183 Park, Hydow, 139 Weigent, Douglas A., 122 D'Antonio, Lawrence E., 442 Kharazmi, Arsalan, 161 Parsonson, I. M., 413 Weiss, Alison A., 263 David, Hugo L., 438 Kirkpatrick, Tim L., 253 Pavlovskis, Olgerts R., 49 Welch, Rodney A., 156 David, Victor, 353 Klei, Thomas R., 43 Peacock, Marius G., 421 Widen, Raymond, 314, 347 Davis, Charles E., 445 Klein, Thomas, 314, 347 Peppler, Mark S., 217, 224 Williams, Jim C., 421 Deck, Fred H., 206, 213 Klucinski, Wlodzimierz, 289 Perry, Alex, 257 Wilson, Walter, 359 Deitch, Edwin A., 6 Koo, Felix C. W., 93 Peterson, Johnny W., 93, 122 Winzenburger, Peggy, 206,213 Koomey, J. Michael, 101 Pierce, Nathaniel F., 341 Wisseman, Charles L., Jr., 38 Delisle, Gloria J., 11 W. 213 Della-Porta, A. J., 413 Korhonen, T., 368 Pluschke, G., 368 Witmer, Byron, 206, Devi, Shamala, 429 Korhonen, Timo K., 149 Portis, John L., 421 Wloch, H., 368 Koster, F. T., 253 Portnoy, Daniel A., 108 Wolf-Watz, Hans, 72, 108 Doherty, Peter C., 202 178 Wu-Hsieh, B., 380 Doring, Gerd, 161 Kothary, Mahendra H., 320 Progulske, A., 166, Kramer, Kenton J., 276 Pruzzo, Carla, 189 Kusecek, B., 368 Pulliam, Lynn, 359 Eisemann, Christine S., 143 Yamaga, Karen M., 276 Elo, Jaakko, 149 Yeen, Wong Phooi, 429 Enright, Fred M., 43 Laitinen, Lauri A., 308 Ranney, R. R., 326 Young, Douglas B., 183 Lange, Werner, 233 Reed, Sharon L., 445 Lark, David, 353 Repine, John E., 435 Falkow, Stanley, 101, 108, Lehtonen, Olli-Pekka J., 308 Ricchetti, Miria, 189 Zeiger, Allen R., 139 156, 263, 353 Leong, Yap Kok, 429 Rieber, Manuel, 402 Zlotnik, A., 380 INFECTION AND IMMUNITY, Jan. 1984 INFECTION AND IMMUNITY INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS HOW TO SUBMIT MANUSCRIPTS should be accompanied by a copy of the Acknowledg- Submit manuscripts directly to the ASM Publica- ments section of the paper, will in no way affect review tions Department, 1913 1 Street, NW, Washington, DC of the manuscript. 20006. 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The Author's Correction section provides a means 3. Finegold, S. M., W. E. Shepherd, and E. H. Spaulding. of adding citations that were overlooked in a previous- 1977. Cumitech 5, Practical anaerobic bacteriology. Co- ly published article. The author who failed to cite a ordinating ed., W. E. Shepherd. American Society for reference and the author whose paper was not cited Microbiology, Washington, D.C. must agree to such a publication; the editor, editor in 4. Gill, T. J., III. 1976. Principles of radioimmunoassay, p. chief, chairman of the Publications Board, and direc- 169-171. In N. R. Rose and'H. Friedman (ed.), Manual of clinical immunology. American Society for Microbiology, tor of Publications will not be involved. Letters from Washington, D.C. both authors must accompany the author's correction 5. Leadbetter, E. R. 1974. Order II. Cytophagales nomen sent to the Publications Department. novum, p. 99. In R. E. Buchanan and N. E. Gibbons (ed.), Bergey's manual of determinative bacteriology, 8th ILLUSTRATIONS AND TABLES ed. The Williams & Wilkins Co., Baltimore. Halftone Photographs 6. Miller, J. H. 1972. Experiments in molecular genetics, p. 352-355. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring When submitting halftone photographs (e.g., poly- Harbor, N.Y. acrylamide gels), keep in mind the journal page size: 7. Sacks, L. E. 1972. Influence of intra- and extracellular 35/16 inches for a single column and 67/8 inches for a cations on the germination of bacterial spores, p. 437- double column (maximum). Include only the signifi- 442. In H. 0. Halvorson, R. Hanson, and L. L. Campbell cant portion of the illustration. Each must be of (ed.), Spores V. American Society for Microbiology, sufficient contrast to withstand the inevitable loss of Washington, D.C. contrast and detail inherent in the printing process. 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W. tion copies of the original negative; in addition to the Slayman, Abstr. Annu. Meet. Am. Soc. Microbiol. two sets of photographs for the reviewers, include a 1976, K15, p. 139). set to be used for reproduction. Indicate the magnifica- tion with a scale marker on each micrograph. Figures Notes may be mounted on bond paper or on lightweight, Submit Notes in the same way as full-length papers. flexible board; do not mount them on heavy card- They receive the same review, and they are neither board. published more rapidly than full-length papers nor considered preliminary communications. The Note Color Photographs format is intended for the presentation of brief obser- Color photographs are discouraged. However, if vations that do not warrant full-length papers. they are necessary, include three copies so that a cost Each Note must have an abstract of no more than 50 estimate for printing may be obtained. The cost of words. Do not use section headings in the body of the printing color photographs must be borne by the Note; report methods, results, and discussion in a author. single section. Paragraph lead-ins are permissible. The text is not to exceed 1,000 words, and the number of Drawings figures and tables should be kept to a minimum. Submit graphs, charts, diagrams, and other draw- Materials and methods should be described in the text, ings as photographs made from finished drawings not not in figure legends or table footnotes. Present ac- requiring additional artwork or typesetting. No part of knowledgments as in full-length papers, but do not use the graph or drawing should be typewritten or hand a heading. The Literature Cited'section is identical to lettered. Use a lettering set or other professional- that of full-length papers. quality device for all labeling. Most graphs will be INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS v reduced to a one-column width (35/16 inches), and all TABLE 1. Trapping of previously perfused piliated S. ty- elements in the drawing should be prepared to with- phimurium by mouse livers stand this reduction. Avoid heavy letters, which tend to close up when reduced, and unusual symbols, % Recovery in': which the printer may not be able to reproduce in the Bacteria Total legend. Direct readouts from computers, recorders, Liver Perfusate recovery etc., are not usually acceptable; such material should Control 60.1 ± 11.2 46.2 ± 10.5 106.2 ± 8.7 be redrawn. One of the two sets of drawings may Previously 39.4 8.4b 66.2 ± 9.5b 105.6 ± 10.3 consist of photocopies; the other, however, must perfused consist of photographs. In figure ordinate and abscissa scales (as well as in a Mean ± standard deviation of at least seven experi- table column headings), avoid ambiguous use of num- ments. bers with exponents. Usually, it is preferable to use b p < 0.001 versus control by the White rank order the International System of Units (,u for 10-6, m for method (21). 10-3, k for 103, M for 106, etc.). A complete listing of SI symbols can be found in the International Union of Camera-Ready Copy Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) "Manual of Symbols and Terminology for Physicochemical Quan- Drawings, tables, chemical formulas, etc., that can tities and Units" (Pure Appl. Chem. 21:3- 44, 1970). be photographically reproduced for publication without further or are Thus, a representation of 20,000 cpm on a figure typesetting artwork referred to as ordinate is to be made by the number 20, accompanied "camera ready." Such copy may also be prepared for by a label kcpm. complicated mathematical or physical formulas, por- When powers of 10 must be employed, the editorial tions of genetic maps, diagrams, and flow schemes. It style of IAI follows the CBE Style Manual recommen- should not be hand lettered. Camera-ready copy must dation, which differs in the convention employed from be carefully prepared to conform with the style of IAI. that of several other journals. The CBE Style Manual The advantage to submitting camera-ready copy is that suggests that the exponent power be associated with the material will appear exactly as enyisioned by the the number shown. In representing 20,000 cells per ml, author, and no second proofreading is necessary. This the numeral on the ordinate would be "2" and the is particularly advantageous when there are long, complicated tables and when the division of material label would be "i04 cells per ml" (not "cells per ml x 10-4"). Likewise, an enzyme activity of 0.06 U/ml and spacing are important. would be shown as 6, accompanied by the label 10-2 NOMENCLATURE U/ml. The preferred designation would be 60 mU/ml labeled as mU (or milliunits) per ml. Chemical and Biochemical Nomenclature The recognized authority for the names of chemical Figure Legends compounds is Chemical Abstracts (Chemical Abstract Legends should provide enough information so that Service, Ohio State University, Columbus) and its the figure is understandable without frequent refer- indexes. For biochemical terminology, including ab- ence to the text. However, detailed experimental breviations and symbols, consult the following: Inter- methods must be discussed in the Materials and Meth- national Union ofBiochemistry Biochemical Nomen- ods section, not in a figure legend. A method that is clature and Related Documents (1978; reprinted for unique to one of several experiments may be reported The Biochemical Society, London, England), instruc- in a legend only if the discussion is very brief (two or tions to authors of the Journal ofBiological Chemistry three sentences). Define all symbols and abbreviations and Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics (first used in the figure. Common abbreviations and others issues of each year), and the Handbook ofBiochemis- used frequently in preceding text need not be rede- try and Molecular Biology (G. D. Fasman, ed., CRC fined in the legend. Press, Inc., 3rd ed., 1976). Do not express molecular weight in daltons; molecular weight is a unitless ratio. Molecular mass is ex- Tables pressed in daltons. Type each table on a separate page. Arrange the For enzymes, use the recommended (trivial) name data so that columns of like material read down, not assigned by the Nomenclature Committee of the Inter- across. The headings should be sufficiently clear so national Union of Biochemistry as described in En- that the meaning of the data will be understandable zyme Nomenclature 1978 (Academic Press, Inc., without reference to the text. See the Abbreviations 1979). If a nonrecommended name is used, place the section of these instructions for those that may be used proper (trivial) name in parentheses at first use in the in tables. Explanatory footnotes are acceptable, but abstract and text. Use the EC number when it has more extensive table "legends" are not. Footnotes been assigned, and express enzyme activity either in should not include detailed descriptions of the experi- katals (preferred) or in the older system of ",umol/ ment. A well-constructed table is shown below. min." Vi INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS

Drugs Genetic Nomenclature Whenever possible, use generic names rather than Bacteria. The genetic properties of bacteria are trade names of drugs. described in terms of phenotypes and genotypes. The phenotype designation describes the observable properties of an organism. The genotype refers to the Nomenclature of Microorganisms genetic constitution of an organism, usually in refer- Binary names consisting of a generic name and a ence to some standard wild type. Use the recommen- specific epithet (e.g., Escherichia coli) should be used dations of Demerec et al. (Genetics 54:61-74, 1966) as for all microorganisms. Names of higher categories a guide in employing these terms. If your manuscript may be used alone, but a specific epithet must be contains information including genetic nomenclature, preceded by a generic name the first time it is used in a please refer to the Instructions to Authors in the Janu- paper. Thereafter, the generic name should be abbre- ary issue of the Journal of Bacteriology. viated to the initial capital letter (e.g., E. coli), provid- ed there can be no confusion with other genera used in "Mutant" vs. "mutation." Keep in mind the distinc- the paper. Names of all taxa (phyla [for fungi, divi- tion between a mutation (an alteration of the primary sions], classes, orders, families, genera, species, and sequence of the genetic material) and a mutant (a subspecies) are printed in italics; strain designations strain carrying one or more mutations). One may and numbers are not. speak about the mapping of a mutation, but one cannot The spellings of bacterial names should follow those a mutant. a mutant has no genetic presented in Bergey's Manual ofDeterminative Bacte- map Likewise, riology (8th ed., The Williams & Wilkins Co., 1974). locus-only a phenotype. The names in the Approved Lists ofBacterial Names (American Society for Microbiology, 1980) and the Transposable elements, plasmids, and restriction en- subsequent validation lists published in the Interna- zymes. Nomenclature of transposable elements (inser- tional Journal of Systematic Bacteriology have taxo- tion sequences, transposons, phage Mu, etc.) should nomic precedence over those published in Bergey's follow the recommendations of Campbell et al. (Gene Manual. If there is reason to use a name that does not 5:197-206, 1979), with the modifications given in sec- have standing in nomenclature, the name should be tion vi. The system of designating transposon inser- enclosed in quotation marks and an appropriate state- tions at sites where there are no known loci, e.g., zef- ment concerning the nomenclature status of the name 123::Tn5, has been described by Chumley et al. (Ge- should be made in the text (for an example, see Int. J. netics 91:639-655, 1979). Whenever possible, use the Syst. Bacteriol. 30:547-556, 1980). nomenclature recommendations of Novick et al. (Bac- It is recommended that a strain be deposited in a teriol. Rev. 40:168-189, 1976) for plasmids and plas- recognized culture collection when that strain is neces- mid-specified activities, of Low (Bacteriol. Rev. sary for the description of a new taxon (see Bacterio- 36:587-607, 1972) for F-prime factors, and of Roberts logical Code, 1975 Revision, American Society for (Nucleic Acids Res. 9:r75-r96, 1981) for restriction Microbiology, 1975). enzymes and DNA fragments derived from treatment Since the classification offungi is far from complete, with these enzymes. Recombinant DNA molecules, it is the responsibility of the author to determine the constructed in vitro, follow the nomenclature for in- currently accepted binomial for a given yeast or mold. sertions in general. DNA inserted into recombinant Some sources for the spelling of these names include DNA molecules should be described by using the gene The Yeasts (J. Lodder, ed., North-Holland Publishing symbols and conventions for the organism from which Co., 1970) and Ainsworth and Bisby's Dictionary of the DNA was obtained. The Plasmid Reference Cen- the Fungi, Including the Lichens, 6th ed. (Common- ter, Stanford University School of Medicine, assigns wealth Mycological Institute, Kew, Surrey, England, Tn and IS numbers in such a fashion as to avoid 1971). conflicting and repetitive use. Microorganisms, viruses, and plasmids should be given designations consisting of letters and serial num- ABBREVIATIONS AND CONVENTIONS bers. It is generally advisable to include a worker's initials or a descriptive symbol of locale, laboratory, Verb Tense etc., in the designation. Each new strain, mutant, Use the past tense to narrate particular events in the isolate, or derivative should be given a new (serial) past, including the procedures, observations, and data designation. Such a designation should be distinct of the study you are reporting. Use the present tense from those of the genotype and phenotype, and geno- for general statements, including your own general typic and phenotypic symbols should not be included. conclusions, conclusions of previous researchers, and A registry of plasmid designations is maintained by generally accepted facts. In addition, the present tense the Plasmid Reference Center, Department of Medical should be used for discourse having an immediate Microbiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA effect on the reader ("the data indicate"; "Fig. 1 94305. shows"). INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS .ii

Abbreviations ht (height) tr (trace) mo (month) vol (volume) General. It is strongly recommended that all abbre- mol wt (molecular vs (versus) viations except those listed below be introduced in the weight) wk (week) first paragraph in Materials and Methods. Alternative- no. (number) wt (weight) ly, define each abbreviation and introduce it in paren- prepn (preparation) yr (year) theses the first time it is used; e.g., "cultures were SD (standard deviation) grown in Eagle minimal essential medium (MEM)." Generally, eliminate abbreviations that are not used at Reporting Numerical Data least five times in the text (including tables and figure legends). Abbreviations should be used primarily as an Standard metric units are used for reporting length, aid to the reader, rather than as a convenience to the weight, and volume. For these units and for molarity, author, and therefore their use should be limited. use the prefixes m, ,u, n, and p (for i0-', 10-6, 10-9, Abbreviations other than those recommended by the and 10-12, respectively). Likewise, use the prefix k IUPAC-IUB (Biochemical Nomenclature and Related (for 103). Avoid compound prefixes such as mp. or RR,. Documents, 1978) should be used only when a case Use ,ug/ml or ,ug/g in place of the ambiguous ppm. can be made for necessity, such as in tables and Units of temperature are presented as follows: 37°C or figures. 342 K. It is often possible to use pronouns or to paraphrase When fractions are used to express units such as a long word after its first use (e.g., "the drug," "the enzymatic activities, it is preferable to use whole substrate"). Standard chemical symbols, numerical units, such as g or min, in the denominator instead of multiples (e.g., Me2SO for dimethyl sulfoxide), and fractional or multiple units such as jig or 10 min. For trivial names or their symbols (folate, Ala, Leu, etc.) example, "pmol/min" would be preferable to "pmol/ may be used for terms that appear in full in the 10 min," and ",umol/g" would be preferable to "nmol/ neighboring text. ,ug." It is also preferable that an unambiguous form Not requiring introduction. In addition to abbrevia- such as exponential notation be used in place of tions for standard units of measurement and chemical multiple slashes; for example, ",umol g-1 min-1" is symbols of the elements, the following should be used preferable to ",umol/g per min." without definition in the title, abstract, text, figure See the CBE Style Manual, 5th ed., for more legends, and tables: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid); detailed information regarding the reporting of num- cDNA (complementary DNA); RNA (ribonucleic bers. Also contained in this source is information on acid); RNase (ribonuclease); DNase (deoxyribonucle- the appropriate SI units to be used for the reporting of ase); rRNA (ribosomal RNA); mRNA (messenger illumination, energy, frequency, pressure, and other RNA); tRNA (transfer RNA); AMP, ADP, ATP, physical terms. Always report numerical data in the dAMP, GTP, etc. (for the respective 5' phosphates of appropriate SI unit. adenosine or other nucleosides); ATPase, dGTPase, etc. (adenosine triphosphatase, deoxyguanosine tri- Isotopically Labeled Compounds phosphatase, etc.); 2'-AMP, 3'-AMP, and 5'-AMP (the 2'-, 3'-, and 5'-, when needed for contrast, phosphates For simple molecules, labeling is indicated in the of the nucleosides); NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine di- chemical formula (e.g., 14Co2, 3H20, H235S04). nucleotide, oxidized); NADH (nicotinamide adenine Brackets are not employed when the isotopic symbol dinucleotide, reduced); NADP (nicotinamide adenine is attached to a word which is not a specific chemical dinucleotide phosphate); NADPH (nicotinamide ade- name (e.g., 1311-labeled protein, 14C-amino acids, 3H- nine dinucleotide phosphate, reduced); Pi (orthophos- ligands, etc.). phate); PP1 (pyrophosphate); UV (ultraviolet); PFU For specific chemicals, the symbol for the isotope is (plaque-forming units); CFU (colony-forming units); placed in square brackets directly preceding the part of MIC (minimal inhibitory concentration); MBC (mini- the name that describes the labeled entity. Note that mal bacterial concentration); Tris [tris(hydroxymeth- configuration symbols and modifiers precede the iso- yl)aminomethane]; DEAE (diethylaminoethyl); and topic symbol. The following examples illustrate cor- EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetate). Abbreviations rect usage: for cell lines (e.g., HeLa cells) also need not be [14C]urea UDP-[U-14C]glucose defined. L-[methyl-14C]methionine E. coli [32P]DNA The following abbreviations should be used without [2,3-3H]serine fructose 1,6[1-32P]bisphosphate in tables: [a-14C] ysine definition [-_32P]ATP amt (amount) SE (standard error) This journal follows the same conventions for approx (approximately) SEM (standard error of the as the Journal Chemis- avg (average) mean) isotopic labeling ofBiological concn (concentration) sp act (specific activity) try, and more detailed information can be found in the diam (diameter) sp gr (specific gravity) instructions to authors of that journal (first issue of expt (experiment) temp (temperature) each year). 1984 Full Membership American Society for Microbiology 1913 I St., NW, Washington, DC 20006

The Society welcomes to full membership any person who is interested in its objects, and who holds a bachelor's degree in microbiology or a related field (or who has had training and experience equivalent to that represented by a bachelor's degree). The minimum annual membership assessment is $50, which includes a general membership fee, ASM News, and $41 toward subscriptions to the Society's scientific journals. The Society publishes nine scientific journals (listed below). Members may subscribe to one or more of these journals at special member rates; $41 of the minimum dues payment of $50 may be credited towards journal subscriptions. In addition, the Society publishes the monthly ASM News, which is sent to all members and contains news and announcements of interest to all microbiologists. Memberships are initiated and renewed as of January each year. Unles there are directions to the contrary, membership nominations received prior to November 1 will be credited to the current year, and back issues of the selected publications for the current year will be furnished. Nominations received after November 1 will become effective the following January.

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Journal of Bacteriology UB) .$37 $49 Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (AA) .$31 $41 Applied and Environmental Microbiology (AE) .$32 $42 International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology (IJ) .$27 $27 Journal of Virology (JV) ...... $37 $49 Journal of Clinical Microbiology UC) ...... $31 $41 Microbiological Reviews (MR) ...... $16 $26 Infection and Immunity (IA) ...... $37 $49 Molecular and Cellular Biology (CB) ...... $27 $35 2. Membership Fee (includes ASM News) ...... $ 9.00

3. Total dues and journals from lines 1 and 2 (MINIMUM PAYMENT $50)... $ II. Ol Check this block if you prefer to receive only ASM News and remit $50. RATES ARE FOR 1984 ONLY Please enclose payment with application. Prices are listed in U.S. dollars. Due to currency exchange difficulties and cost, foreign applicants in countries except Canada must remit in U.S. dollars by check or draft (payable to ASM) drawn on a U.S. bank located within the continental United States. Applicants from Canada may use checks drawn on Canadian banks, but remittance must be made in U.S. dollars. p-

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The American Academy of Microbiology (AAM), the professional arm of the American Society for Microbiology, initiated voluntary certification programs 20 years ago. These programs are now independently administered by the National Registry of Microbiologists, the American Board of Medical Microbiology and the American Board of Medical Laboratory ImmLunology. Through rigorous examination processes, employers of certified individuals are assured of professional competence. PROFESSIONALS: INVESTIGATE THE OPPORTUNITY TO DEMONSTRATE YOUR COMPETENCE AND ENHANCE YOUR CREDENTIALS EMPLOYERS: DISCOVER THE ADVANTAGES OF HIRING CERTIFIED PROFESSIONALS

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Any regularly matriculated student majoring in microbiology or a related field is eligible for election as a Student Member. Student Members have all privileges of membership except the right to vote and hold office in the Society. Student Members receive the monthly ASM News and are entitled to subscribe to the Society's journals at member rates. Memberships are initiated and renewed in January of each year. Unless there are directions to the contrary, membership nominations received prior to November 1 will be credited to the current year, and back issues of the selected publications for the current year will be furnished if available. Nominations received after November 1 will become effective the following January.

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* If the department chairman is a member of the Society, only one additional nominating signature is required.

1. Journals may be subscribed to at the following rates. Please enter the higher rate (column B) if you reside outside the U.S. and its possessions. A B L II Journal of Bacteriology (B) ...... $37 $49 Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (AA) ...... $31 $41 Applied and Environmental Microbiology (AE) ...... $32 $42 International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology (IJ) ...... $27 $27 Journal of Virology UV). $37 $49 Journal of Clinical Microbiology JC). $31 $41 Microbiological Reviews (MR) ...... $16 $26 Infection and Immunity (IA) ...... $37 $49 Molecular and Cellular Biology (CB) ...... $27 $35 2. Dues (includes ASM News) ...... $ 5.00

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RATES ARE FOR 1984 ONLY Please enclose payment with application. Prices are listed in U.S. dollars. Due to currency exchange difficulties and cost, foreign applicants in countries except Canada must remit in U.S. dollars by check or draft (payable to ASM) drawn on a U.S. bank located within the continental United States. Applicants from Canada may use checks drawn on Canadian banks, but remittance must be made in U.S. dollars.