The Seven Years War Free

FREE THE SEVEN YEARS WAR PDF Daniel Marston | 96 pages | 25 Jul 2001 | Bloomsbury Publishing PLC | 9781841761916 | English | Oxford, England, United Kingdom The Seven Years War () - Strategy Game In the terms of the treaty, France gave up all its territories in mainland North America, The Seven Years War ending any foreign military threat to the British colonies there. Inprior to The Seven Years War outbreak of hostilities, Great Britain controlled the 13 colonies up to the Appalachian Mountains, but beyond lay New France, a very large, sparsely settled colony that stretched The Seven Years War Louisiana through the Mississippi Valley and Great Lakes to Canada. The border between French and British possessions was not well defined, and one disputed territory was the upper Ohio River valley. The French had constructed a number of forts in this region in an attempt to The Seven Years War their claim on the territory. British colonial forces, led by Lieutenant Colonel George Washington, attempted to expel the French inbut were outnumbered and defeated The Seven Years War the French. However, his adversaries in the Cabinet outmaneuvered him by making the plans public, thus alerting the French Government and escalating a distant frontier skirmish into a full-scale war. The war did not begin well for the British. The British Government sent General Edward Braddock to the colonies as commander in chief of British North American forces, but he alienated potential Indian allies and colonial leaders failed to cooperate with him. On July 13,Braddock died after being mortally wounded in an ambush on a failed expedition to capture Fort Duquesne in present-day Pittsburgh. The war in North America settled into a stalemate for the next several years, while in Europe the French scored an important naval victory and captured the British possession of Minorca in the Mediterranean in However, after the war began to turn in favor of Great Britain. British forces defeated French forces in India, and in British The Seven Years War invaded and conquered Canada. Facing defeat in North America and a tenuous position in Europe, the French Government attempted to engage the British in peace negotiations, but British Minister William Pitt the elderSecretary for Southern Affairs, sought not only the French cession of Canada but also commercial concessions that the French Government found unacceptable. The terms of the agreement stated that Spain would declare war on Great Britain if the war did not end before May 1, Despite facing such a formidable alliance, The Seven Years War naval strength and Spanish ineffectiveness led to British success. Fighting in Europe ended after a failed Spanish invasion of British ally Portugal. ByFrench and Spanish diplomats began to seek peace. Spanish King Charles III refused to agree to a treaty that would require Spain to cede Cuba, but the British Parliament would never ratify a treaty that did not reflect British territorial gains made during the war. Facing this dilemma, French negotiator Choiseul proposed a solution that redistributed American territory between France, Spain and Great Britain. French territories west The Seven Years War the Mississippi would become Spanish, along with the port of New Orleans. In return for these areas, along with the territory in India, Africa, and the Mediterranean island of Minorca, France would regain the Caribbean islands that British forces had captured during the war. The British Government also promised to The Seven Years War French Canadians to freely practice Catholicism and provided for French fishing rights off Newfoundland. Choiseul preferred to keep the small Caribbean islands of Martinique, Guadeloupe, and The Seven Years War. Lucia rather than hold on to the vast territory stretching from Louisiana to Canada. In contrast, Canada had been a drain on the French treasury. The loss of Canada, while lamentable to French officials, made sense from a mercantile perspective. The diplomats completed their negotiations and signed the preliminary Treaty of Paris on November 3, Spanish and French negotiators also signed the Treaty of San Ildefonso at the same time, which confirmed the cession of French Louisiana to Spain. However, the treaty contained enough concessions to war hawks that the British Parliament ratified the Treaty of Paris by a majority of to 64, and the treaty went The Seven Years War effect on February 10, For Anglo-American colonists, the treaty was a theoretical success. By confirming the conquest of Canada and extending British possessions to the Mississippi, the colonists no longer had to worry about the threat of a French invasion. For the American Indians in what had been frontier territory, the treaty proved disastrous. They could no longer pursue what had been a largely effective strategy of playing the French and British against each other to extract the most favorable terms The Seven Years War alliance and preserve their lands against encroachment by Anglo-American colonists. Despite what seemed like a success, the Treaty of Paris ultimately encouraged dissension between Anglo-American colonists and the British Government because their interests in North America no longer coincided. Coupled with differences between the imperial government and colonists on how to levy taxes to pay for debts on wartime expenses, the Treaty of Paris ultimately set the colonists on the path towards seeking independence, even as it seemed to make the British Empire stronger than ever. How did the United States react to the French Revolution? What caused the French and Indian War? Why did the Continental Congress draft and sign the Declaration of Independence? How did the Treaty of Paris of end the American Revolution? This page was last edited on 13 Septemberat Privacy policy About DailyHistory. Why Was the Year the War Came Home | The term is used to describe the fighting between Sweden and Prussia between and in Swedish PomeraniaPrussian Pomeranianorthern Brandenburg and eastern Mecklenburg-Schwerin. The war was characterized by a back-and-forth movement of the Swedish and Prussian armies, neither of whom would score a decisive victory. It started when Swedish forces advanced into Prussian territory inbut were repelled and blockaded at Stralsund until their relief by a Russian force in In the course of the following, renewed Swedish incursion into Prussian territory, the small Prussian fleet was destroyed and areas as far south as Neuruppin were occupied, yet the campaign was aborted in late when the undersupplied Swedish forces succeeded neither in taking the major Prussian fortress of Stettin now Szczecin nor in combining with their Russian allies. A Prussian counter-attack of Swedish Pomerania in January was repelled, and throughout the year Swedish forces The Seven Years War advanced into Prussian territory as far south as Prenzlau before again withdrawing to Swedish Pomerania in the winter. Another Swedish campaign into Prussia started in the summer ofbut was soon aborted due to shortage of supplies and equipment. When on 5 May a Russo-Prussian alliance eliminated Swedish The Seven Years War for future The Seven Years War assistance, and instead posed the threat of a Russian intervention on the Prussian side, Sweden was forced to make peace. The The Seven Years War of the Swedish Hats party to recover territories lost to Prussia in were thwarted, and the unpopular and costly war contributed to their subsequent downfall. The main cause for the Swedish intervention in the Seven Years' War was that the Hats faction then in power in Sweden believed Frederick II of Prussia would succumb to his many enemies, thus affording Sweden a risk-free opportunity to recapture its possessions in Pomerania that it had ceded to Prussia intowards the end of the Great Northern War. Angered and frightened by the attempted monarchial revolution ofthe Hats also wanted to cause Frederick's downfall and to humiliate and destroy the Swedish queen Louisa Ulrika of PrussiaFrederick's sister. The Hats faction was also encouraged to declare war The Seven Years War France, whose wishes were central to the Hats' actions. Frederick's invasion of Saxony in was used as a pretext The Seven Years War war, being denounced by both Sweden and France as a violation of the Treaty of Westphalia ofof which they were both guarantors. The Seven Years War March 21, the governments of France and Austria agreed a convention in which Sweden and France explained that they had to maintain Germany's freedom in line with the treaty. France promised financial backing for such a war and in June the same year the decision was made to send 20, Swedish troops to Germany to emphasise their commitment. On September 13 that force invaded Prussian Pomerania. To avoid this invasion appearing as a war of aggression no war of aggression could be started without the consent of the estatesthe Swedes issued no declaration of war and presented the incursion to the German parliament as aimed solely at restoring peace. Only after hostilities had begun did the promised financial support from France and its allies arrive and only then, on 22 Septemberdid the Swedish government state The Seven Years War conditions and declare war. However, the Hats had seriously overestimated the strength of the Swedish army, as the soldiers where badly trained, poorly equipped, and in every way unprepared for war. The Swedish army sent to Germany was only sufficient for taking possession of what The Seven Years War already been conquered by the Allies, but made the all necessary preparations to go on the offensive despite not having the necessary funds. Von Ungern-Sternberg relinquished command on 21 December to Gustaf von Rosen, but von Rosen too was forced to lie idle, blockaded by the Prussians. This blockade was lifted by an invading Russian army on 18 Junebut von Rosen had grown tired of his thankless The Seven Years War and handed command over to Gustav David Hamilton.

Load more