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Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-81284-9 - A Concise History of Sweden Neil Kent Index More information

INDEX

Abba, 262 Alsnö, Decree of (1280), 25 abortion, 200, 209 Alvastra, 18 Adam of Bremen, 15 Älvsborg, 64, 66, 67, 69 Addison, Joseph, 123 Alvtegen, Karin, 258 Adelcrantz, Carl Fredrik, 117, 137, 147 Anckarström, Jacob Johan, 137 Adelcrantz, Göran Josua, 112 Andersson, Benny, 262 Adlercreutz, Carl Johan, 152 Andersson, Bibi, 261 Adolph Fredrik, king, 104, 105, 107, Anger, Per, 235 115, 117, 129 Ankarsvärd, Vilhelm Theodor, 206 Aelnoth, 15 Ansgar, Saint, 13 Afghanistan, 264, 269 architecture African colonies, 136 18th century, 115 Age of Freedom, 102 Drottningholm, 117, 133 Ageröd, 2 Gustaf III’s reign, 132–4 Agricola, Mikael, 56, 57 Karl Johan’s reign, 154 agriculture Middle Ages, 48 16th century, 69 Palace of Rosendal, 154–6 18th century, 121–2, 139 Royal Opera House, Stockholm, 137 19th century, 157, 180, 185 Royal Palace, Stockholm, 114–15 Middle Ages, 32–3 arts Al Qaeda, 264 17th century, 75–6 Åland Islands, 172–3, 178, 218–19, 231 19th century, 209–13 Albertus Pictor, 19 20th century, 226–30, 259 Albrekt of Mecklenburg, 27, 28, 29–30, Gustaf III’s reign, 130–4 35, 37 Karl Johan’s reign, 154 alcoholism, 167, 225, 256, 266 Middle Ages, 46–8 Alexander I, tsar, 151, 152, 172 Atterbom, Per Daniel Amadeus, Alexander III, pope, 17 169–70 Alexander VII, pope, 86 Augustenborg, Christian Alfén, Hugo, 214 August von, 152 Alfred, king of England, 5 Augustus II, king of Poland, 91, 92 Almqvist, Carl Jonas Love, 170–1, 209 Axelsson, Ivar, 41–2

288

Index 289

Baader-Meinhof Group, 243–4 Boniface IX, pope, 45 Balkans, 269 Booth, William, 188 Baltic expansion, 35–7 Borg, Björn, 262–3 Baltic trade, 78–9, 87, 134 Börringe, 18 Banér, Gustaf, 66 Bosjökloster, 18 Banér, Johan, 73 Boström, Erik Gustaf, 175–6, 177 Banér, Sten, 66 Brahms, Johannes, 214 Banks, Joseph, 143 Brandenburg, 75, 87 Baptist Church, 168, 187, 189, 226 Brännkyrka, Battle of (1518), 43 Barnum, P. T., 214 Branting, Hjalmar, 174–5, 216, 218, Bartók, Béla, 214 220–1 Belgium, 156 Branting, Lars, 174 Bell, Alexander, 183 Brecht, Bertolt, 235 Bellman, Carl Michael, 145 Bremen Wars, 86, 87 Bengtsson, Jöns, Archbishop of Uppsala, Bremer, Fredrika, 171, 197 41–2 Bronze Age settlements, 2–3 Bengtsson, Magnus, 39 Bruckner, Anton, 214 Berenson, Bernard, 236 Brunius, Carl Georg, 202 Bergman, Ingmar, 127, 259–61 Brunkeberg, Battle of (1471), 42 Bergman, Ingrid, 230 Buddenbrock, Henrik Magnus von, 104 Bergman, Tobern, 142–3 Buhoevden, Friedrich Wilhelm von, 151 Bernadotte, Folke, 236, 240 Byarum, 18 Bernadotte, Jean Baptiste, 125, 153–5 Byström, Johan Niklas, 155 see also Karl XIV Johan, king Byzantium, 7, 8 Bernadotte, Prince Eugen, 213 Berwald, Franz, 213–14 canals, 139, 158–60 Beurreus, Dinysius, 63 Cape Corso, 87 Bielke, Gumilla, 59 Caps, 102–3, 106–7 Bielke, Nils, 116 Caribbean, 134–5, 138, 164–6, 191–2 Bielke, Ture, 66 Carlsson, Ingvar, 244, 245 Bildt, Carl, 244 Carolusburg, 81 Bin Laden, Osama, 264 Catherine the Great, 131 Birger dynasty, 24–5 Catholic Church Birger Jarl, 22, 24 20th century, 255 Birger Magnusson, king, 24–5 Christianisation, 10, 12–15 Birgersson, Magnus, 26 consolidation, 16–20 Birgitta, saint, 45 dispossession, 52–6 Birka, 8, 9–10 Erik the Holy’s reign, 20–1 Björling, Jussi, 262 intolerance of, 116, 138, 145, Black Death, 34–5 168, 188 Blekinge, 26, 28 Queen Kristina, 85, 86 Blix, Hans, 269 Celsius, Anders, 121 Blom, Fredrik, 154 Chambers, William, 115 Blomdahl, Karl-Birger, 228, 262 Chernobyl accident, 256–7 Blommaert, Samuel, 80 Child, Marquise, 222 Boberg, Ferdinand, 190 childcare, 226 Boden, 173 Choppe, Claude, 157 Bogart, Humphrey, 230 Christian I, king, 40–2 Bonde, Archbishop, 44 Christian II, king, 43–4, 51

290 Index

Christian III, king of Denmark, 52 NATO member, 241 Christian V, king of Denmark, 87 Nordic Union, 31, 49–52 Christian VIII, king of Denmark, 193 parliamentary system, 174 Christopher of Bavaria, king, 39–40 Reformation, 56 Chronicle of the Gothic Kingdom, 45 Schleswig-Holstein, 193–4 Church of New Jerusalem, 127–8 Swedish expansion into, 26–8 church towns, 186–7 Västergötland, Battles of, 22 Chydenius, Anders, 106 Descartes, René, 85 cinema, 228–30, 259–61 Desideria, queen, 154 cities, 68, 186–7 Desprez, Louis-Jean, 132–4 Cleveland, Grover, 210 Dinzey, Richard, 189 climate, x–xi Dippel, Johann Konrad, 126 climate change, 94, 265 diseases, 34–5, 94–5, 110, 112–13, 147, Cochin, Charles-Nicholas, 133 161–4, 197–202, 255–7, 267–8 Cold War, 241 Dix, Dorothea Lynde, 199 colonialism, 80–1, 128, 134–6, 191–2 Drottningholm, 117, 133 Congo, 188, 242 Du Barry, Madame, 131 constitutionalism, 149, 173–6 Du Puy, J. B. E., 213 Cook, Captain, 143 Düben, Andreas, 76 cotton mills, 158 Düben, Gustaf, 76 Creutz, Gustaf Philip, 123 Duena River, Battle of (1701), 91 Crimean War, 172, 218 criminality, 96–7, 205–6, 222–3, 268 Eckhart, Meister, 242 Cronstedt, Carl Olof, 151 economy Crump, Richard, 166 16th century, 58–9, 63–4 Czechoslovakia, 243 17th century expansion, 67–9, 77–9 18th century, 107–8, 138–40 Dacke, Niels, 55 19th century, 157–60, 178–84 Dahlberg, Erik, 74 20th century, xi, 221–4, 246–8 Dalby, 18 21st century, 266–7 Dalén, Gustaf, 184 capitalisation, 175 Dalin, Olof von, 123 St Barthélemy, 165–6 Danielsson, Ivan, 235 Second World War, 234–5 Danzig, 51, 91 welfare state costs, 248–52 Dardel, Fritz von, 227 ecumenicism, 187–90, 226 Dardel, Nils von, 227 Edelcrantz, Abraham Niclas, 157 death penalty, 220, 226 Edelsvärd, A. V., 85 Delaware, 80–1, 96 Edén, Nils, 217 Delblanc, Sven, 257–8 education, 124–5, 144, 168–9, demography, 109–10 194–6, 253 Denmark Edward VII, king, 178 15th century, 38–44 Ehlers, Edvard, 198 16th century, 64 Ehrensvärd, Augustin, 105 17th century, 66, 67–9, 74, 75, 76–7, Ehrensvärd, Karl August, 131 86, 87 Ekman, Gustaf, 180 18th century, 90–4, 104, 132 elderly care, 203–4 19th century, 149 Eldh, Carl, 227–8 cartoons affair, 265 Eleonora, Hedvig, 86, 87, 90 Napoleonic Wars, 151, 153 Eleonora, Ulrika, 102

Index 291

Elisabeth, empress of Russia, 104 Nordic Council, 241 Enbom, Fritiof, 242 Nordic Union (1918), 220 Engelbrekt Engelbrektsson, 38–9, 46 reacquisition, 172 Enlightenment, 122, 126, 145, 146, 166 Reformation, 56–7 environmental issues, 265 settlements, 69–70 Eosander, Nils, 76 Soviet Union attack (1939), 231, 232 Ericsson, Lars Magnus, 183 witchcraft, 98 Erik Chronicle, 44–5 First World War, 216–19 Erik Segersäll, king, 13 fishing, 33 Erik IX Jevardsson the Holy, king, 20–1 Fleming, Klas, 65 Erik X Knutsson, king, 21–2 Flygare-Carlén, Emilie, 171 Erik XI Eriksson, king, 22 Fogelberg, Bengt Erland, 156 Erik XII, king, 30, 31, 36–40 folk culture, 207 Erik XIV, king, 61–2, 63–4 Fontaine, Pierre-François, 154 Erik, Duke, 45 Fotevik, Battle of (1134), 20 Eriksson, Jösse, 38 France Erlander, Tage, 240 French language, 124, 125 Eskil, 16 May 1968, 254 estates, 25, 81–2, 102, 103–4, 129, 179 Napoleonic Wars, 150–1, 153 Estonia, 64, 66, 102 Revolution, 149 Ethiopia, 231 St Barthélemy acquisition, 192 European Union, 245, 269 Second World War, 234 evangelism, 168, 187–8 Swedish alliance, 88, 104, 105, 106, 132, 134 Faggot, Jakob, 122 Swedish imports, 108 Fahlbeck, Pontus, 175 Thirty Years War, 72–3, 73 Fahlström, Carl, 204 Francke, August Hermann, 126 Fahlström, Dyvind, 259 Franklin, Benjamin, 144 Falköping, Battle of (1389), 30 Frederick the Great, king of Prussia, 104, Fälldin, Thorbjörn, 244 106, 107 Falsterbo, 27 Frederik I, king of Denmark, 51 Fältskog, Agnetha, 262 Frederik II, king of Denmark, 64 family life, 146, 204 Fredrik I, king, 102, 114 Fehrbellin, Battle of (1675), 87 Fredrikshamn, Treaty of (1809), 151 Feldt, Kjell-Olof, 250 Freyja, 12 feminism, 254–5 Freyr, 12 Fersen, Axel von, 152 Frid, Elov, 208 feudalism, 25 Friedrich, Caspar David, 153–4 film industry, 228–30, 259–61 Fröding, Gustaf, 207 Finland Fuchs, Rutger, 101 18th century economy, 139 cession to Russia, 104, 149 Gabrielsson, Assar, 224 Christianisation, 20 Gadelius, Bror, 199 economy, 79 Gahn, Gottlieb, 143 integration into Sweden, 19 Galle, Peder, 53 intellectual life, 84 Garbo, Greta, 229–30 interwar period, 231 Gedda, Nikolai, 261 Kronoby Hospital, 112 Geer, Louis de, 78, 174 non-alignment, 241 Geer the Younger, Louis de, 220

292 Index

Geijer, Erik Gustaf, 156, 169 Gyldenløve, Ulrik-Frederik, 87 Geijerstam, Gustaf af, 207 Gyllenborg, Carl, 103, 123 gender, see women Gyllenborg, Gustaf Fredrik, 123 geography, x–xi Gyllenbrok, Axel Gustaf, 202 George III, 115 Gyllenhammar, Pehr, 249 Gerekesson, Jöns, 37 Gyllenstierna, Johan, 88 German Democratic Republic, 244 Gyllenstierna, Kristina, 49 Germany gypsies, 186 Åland Islands and, 219 First World War, 216–17, 218–19 Hågahögen, 5 influence, 46, 48 Håkon Magnusson, king of Norway, 25, League of Nations member, 220 28, 29 Norway and Second World War, 233 Halland, 27, 28 post-First World War economy, 221 Hallström, Lasse, 261 Swedish relations, 176, 177 Hammar, Karl Gustav, 254 Ghana, 81 Hammarskjöld, Dag, 242 Gide, André, 228 Hammarskjöld, Hjalmar, 216, 217 Gjörwell, Carl Christoffer the Elder, 134 Hamstad, Congress of (1450), 40 Gjörwell, Carl Christoffer the Handel, George Frederick, 125 Younger, 162 Hans Christiansson, king, 42–3 Goodenough, William, 120 Hansa, 22–3, 29–31, 33, 35, 36, 38, Görtz, Georg Heinrich von, 93, 107 49–51 Götaland, x Hansen, Armauer, 198 Gothenburg, 69, 78, 109 Hansson, Ola, 208 Gothic Society, 169 Hansson, Per Albin, 220–1, 232, 240 Goths, 5–7 Haraldsson, Magnus, Bishop of Gotland, 8–9, 10, 22, 23, 28, 31, 40 Skara, 53 Great Depression, 221–3 Hårleman, Carl, 108, 115 Great Northern War, 90–4, 101–2, 107, Hartmansdorff, August von, 179 126 Hats, 102–6, 107 Gregorian Calendar, 121 health Grip, Bo Jonsson, 30 17th century, 94–5 Gripensted, Johan August, 179 18th century, 110, 147–8 Grotius, Hugo, 217 19th century, 161–4, 197–202 Grundskatan, 7 20th century, 225–6, 255–7 Grundtvig, N. F. S., 192–3 21st century, 267–8 Grünewald, Sigrid Hjertén, 227 Hecker, Julian, 126 Gudhem, 18 Hedberg, Tor, 207 Gudmarsson, Ulf, 45 Hedeby, 9 guilds, 34, 59, 160, 178 Hedin, Sved, 176 Günter, Christian, 232 Heidenstam, Verner von, 208 Gustaf II Adolph, king, 70–3 Helsingborg, Battle of (1710), 93 Gustaf III, king, 24, 102, 103, 107, Henriksen, Magnus, 21 111, 117, 124, 129–37, 140, 144, Hensbacka, 1 145–6 Hervoville, Jan van, 63 Gustaf IV Adolph, king, 137, 149–50, Hesse, Adolph Fredrik of, 125 152, 153 Hesselgren, Kerstin, 226 Gustaf V, king, 176, 196, 235 Hiärne, Urban, 98 Gustaf VI Adolph, king, 236, 240 Hilleström, Pehr, 140

Index 293

Himmler, Heinrich, 236 Joyce, James, 228 Hjamarson, Jarl, 241 Juusten, Paavali, 56 Hjort, Daniel, 98 Hjortberg, Gustaf Fredrik, 116 Kaempfer, Engelbert, 143 Holl, Karl, 190 Kalmar, 23 Holstein-Gottorp, Frederik of, 86, 90 Kalmar Recess (1483), 42 Holy Roman Empire, 83, 86 Kalmar Union (1397), 31, 193 homosexuality, 206, 254, 268 Kalmar War, 66 Honecker, Erich, 244 Kamprad, Ingvar, 252 Höpkin, Anders Johan von, 105 Karelia, 102 Horn, Arvid, 102–3 Karl Chronicle, 45 Hornslandet, 7 Karl Sverkersson, king, 17, 21 Horthy, Admiral, 235 Karl VIII Knutsson Bonde, king, 39, 40, hospitals, 95, 112–13, 162, 198–200 41–2, 45 housing, 252–3 Karl IX, king, 65–6 Howard, John, 146 Karl X Gustaf, king, 76–7, 85, 86 Karl XI, king, 87–90 Ifvarsson, Carl, 174, 175 Karl XII, king, 75, 89–94, 101, 114, IKEA, 251–2 132, 208 Ingeborg, duchess, 26 Karl XIII, king, 152, 154 Inger the Younger, king, 20 Karl XIV Johan, king, ix, 124, 154–7, Innocent XII, pope, 86 172, 193, 202 intellectual life, 17th century, 82–4 Karl XV, king, 156 Iraq, 269 Karl XVI Gustaf, king, xii, 255 Iron Age, 3–4 Karlefeldt, Erik Axel, 206–7 Israel, 240 Karlskrona, 79, 109, 149 Italy, 192, 231 Karlsson, Kettil, 41 Ivan the Terrible, 57 Kersten, Felix, 236 Kexholm, 102 Jagellonica, Katarina, 61, 87 Key, Ellen, 195 Jansson, Erik, 168 Key, Emil, 174 Jansson, Eugène, 185 Kiel, Treaty of (1814), 153 Janteloven,ix–x Klingenstierna, Samuel, 121 Jefferson, Thomas, 144 Klingspor, Wilhelm Mauritz, 151 Jenner, Edward, 147 Knäred, Treaty of (1613), 67, 98 Jennings, John, 142 Knorring, Sophie von, 171 Jews, 145–6, 158, 173, 188, 235–7 Knut Eriksson, king, 21 Johan Sverkersson, king, 22 Knut Långe, 22 Johan III, king, 59, 61–3, 64, 67, 68–70, 87 Knutsson, Torgils, 24 Johann of Bavaria, 31 Kolehmainen, Hannes, 196 John Paul II, pope, 255 Kollontai, Alexandra, 233 Johnson, Eyvind, 228, 257 Kreugel, Ivar, 222 Jonsson, Knut, 26 Kristina, queen, 68, 73, 76, 77, 84, Jönsson, Reidar, 261 85–6, 95 Jönsson, Ture, 53 Kulle, Jarl, 261 Josephine, empress, 154 Josephine, queen, 188 La Vallée, Jean de, 75, 85 Josephson, Erland, 261 La Vallée, Simon de, 85 Josephson, Ernst, 213 Langlet, Valdemar, 235

294 Index

languages, 246 Lübeck, 30, 51, 52, 55 Lapland Luleå, 19–20, 187 17th century, 98–100 Lund, 18 18th century, 117–19 Lund Cathedral, 48 education, 84 Lundgren, Astrid, 249 shamanism, 97, 99 Luther, Martin, 52 silver mine, 68 Luttra, 2 Stone Age, 7 Luxburg affair, 217 vaccination, 161 Lyngstad, Anni-Frid, 262 see also Saami people L’Archevêque, Pierre Hubert, 131 MacPherson, James, 124 Larsson, Carl, 210 Magnus, Johannes, 60 Larsson, Gustav, 224 Magnus, Olaus, 60, 97 Læstadius, Lars Levi, 167 Magnus Birgersson Ladulås, king, 17, 24 Laurensson, Olof, 37 Magnus Eriksson, king, 25–9, 35, 45 Laval, Gustaf de, 183 Magnusson, Erik, 24, 27, 28, 44 League of Nations, 219, 220, 231 Månsdotter, Karin, 61 Leander, Zara, 228–9 Maré, Rolf de, 227 Lebanon, 269 Margarete, queen, 29–31, 37, 45 Leijonhufvud, Margareta, 51 Marie Antoinette, queen of France, 152 Lewenhaupt, Adam Ludvig, 92 Marklund, Liza, 258 Lewenhaupt, Charles Emil, 104 marriage market, 204–5 libraries, 144, 156 Marshall Plan, 246 Lidman, Sara, 258 Martin, Elias, 105 Liljencrantz, Johan, 136 Martinson, Harry, 228, 257, 262 Lind, Jenny, 214–15 Masreliez, Louis-Adrien, 132 Lindegren, Erik, 262 Maupertuis, Pierre-Louis Moreau Lindgren, Astrid, 258 de, 119 Lindgren, Torgny, 258 Mazepa, 92 Lindholm, Sven Olof, 230 medical services, 110, 112–13, 147, Lindman, Arvid, 176, 219 161–4, 197–202, 255–7, 267–8 Ling, Per Henrik, 156 medieval society, 31–4 Linköping Bloodbath (1600), 65 Meijer, Carl Fredrik, 205 Linné (Linnaeus), Carl von, 83, 99, 110, Meijerfedt, Count, 75 111, 115, 117–21, 140 Melanchthon, Philipp, 52 literature Mendelssohn, Felix, 214 16th century, 59–60 Methodism, 167–8, 187 18th century, 122–5 Methodist Society, 169 19th century, 169–71, 206–9 migration, 107–8, 185–6, 197, 238–40, 20th century, 228–9, 257–8 252, 267 Middle Ages, 44–6 militarisation, 173 Livonia, 102 mining, 58, 67–8, 77–8, 108, Livonian Order, 42 140–2, 180 Lödöse, 10 Mining College, 67, 142 Loos, Cornelius, 75 minority languages, 246 Louis XV, king of France, 129, 131 Minuit, Peter, 80 Louise, queen, 204 Moberg, Vilhelm, 197 Lovisa Ulrika, queen, 104, 105, 115, Möller, Gustav, 222 117, 129 monasteries, 18, 45, 255

Index 295

Moniz, Antonio Egas, 225 NATO member, 241 Montgomery, Robert, 165 Nordic Union (1918), 220 Moravianism, 127 Second World War, 233 Morris, William, 190 union with Sweden, 25, 31 music Västergötland, Battles of, 22 17th century, 76 Nöteborg, Peace of (1323), 35 18th century, 125–6, 145 November Accord (1855), 172, 178 19th century, 213–15 Nyköping Recess (1317), 30 20th century, 228, 261–2 Nykvist, Sven, 259 Myrdal, Gunnar, 249 Nyslott, 42 Nystad, Treaty of (1721), 102 Naples, 132 Nyström, Axel, 206 Napoleon I, ix Napoleonic Wars, 135, 150–1, 163–4 Odenberg, Christina, 254 Narva, Battle of (1700), 91 Odin, 11–12 NATO, 241 Oehlenschäger, Adam, 193 neo-Nazis, 253 Olai, Ericus, 45 Nerman, Ture, 233 Olof Eriksson Skötknung, king, 6, Nestor Chronicles, 9 13–15 Netherlands, 67–8, 87, 91 Olof Håkonsson, king, 29–30 neutrality, 156–7, 172–3, 216–19, Olympic Games (1912), 196 231–4, 235–7, 242, 264 Örebro Mission Society, 189 New Sweden, 80–1 Örn, Nicolaus, 99 newspapers, 84, 123, 174, 196 orphanages, 95–6, 113, 202–3 Nicolai, Nicolai Laurentius, 63 Oskar I, king, 156, 172 Nielsen, Magnus, 20 Oskar II, king, 177, 188 Nightingale, Florence, 199 Österland, x Nilsson, Adrian Gösta, 227 Östlund, Egon, 227 Nilsson, Birgit, 262 Ottani, L., 86 Nobel, Alfred, 181 Ottoman Empire, 93 Nordencrantz, Anders Bachmanson, 106 Owen, Samuel, 158 Nordenflycht, Hedvig Charlotta, 123 Oxenstierna, Axel, 66, 73, 85, 217 Nordenskiöld, Adolph Erik, 196 Nordic Council, 241 Palladio, Andrea, 134 Nordic Union, 31, 40, 49–52 Palm, August, 174 Nordic Union (1918), 220 Palme, Olof, 243, 244 Nordström, Lubbe, 224 Palmstierna, Erik, 218 Norman, Georg, 54, 55 Pan-Scandinavianism, 192–4 Norrland, x paper industry, 158, 247 Norse mythology, 10–12, 193 Paris Peace Conference (1919), 219 Norway parliamentary government, 15th century, 39 103–4, 129 16th century, 64 parliamentary system, 173–6 17th century, 66, 67 Parma, 132 18th century, 94, 101–2 Paul, crown prince, 132 cession to Sweden (1814), 153 Pentecostal Church, 189, 226 Chernobyl accident and, 257 Percier, Charles, 154 independence, 177–8 Persson, Birger, 45 Karl Johan’s reign, 156 Persson, Göran, 245

296 Index

Persson, Jöran, 61 18th century, 137–8, 144 Peter the Great, tsar, 91–2 19th century, 168 Petri, Laurentius, 54 Christianisation, 10, 12–15, Petri, Olaus, 44, 53–4, 59 16–20 Pietism, 125, 126–7 church towns, 186–7 Pilo, Carl Gustaf, 130 Congregation of Uppsala, 64–6 Pinel, Philippe, 162 Delaware, 80–1 Piranesi, Gianbattista, 131 disestablishment of Church of Pius VI, Pope, 132 Sweden, 254 plagues, 34–5, 94–5 ecumenicism, 187–90, 226 Platen, Baltzar von, 160 intolerance, 116, 138, 145, 168 Poland, 61, 63, 90–4 Pietism, 125, 126–7 political reforms, 173–6, 240–5 Queen Kristina, 85, 86 Pomerania, 74–5, 150–1 quest for identity of Swedish Pomeranian War, 106 Church, 56–7 poor houses, 113 Reformation, 23, 46, 49, 52–6, 58 Poor Laws, 164, 203 Viking beliefs, 10–12, 193 Porse, Knut, 26 see also Catholic Church Portefaix, Loulou, 262 Reuterholm, Gustaf Adolph, 149 Porthan, Henrik Gabriel, 150 Richelieu, Cardinal, 72, 89 Posse, Arvid, 174 Rickman, Alfred, 233 potatoes, 164, 197 right-wing politics, 230–2, 241, 243, prehistoric settlements, 1–2 244–5, 264 Priestley, Joseph, 142–3 Robert, Louis, 158 Printz, Johan, 80, 81 Roman, Johan Helmich, 125 prisons, 146, 205–6 Romans, 4–7 Procopius, 5 Rose Chamber, 97 prostitution, 200–1 Rosenberg, Hilding, 228 Proulx, Annie, 261 Rosendal, Palace of, 154–6 Proust, Marcel, 228 Rosenius, Carl Olof, 187 Prussia, 106, 153–4, 193–4 Rossellini, Roberto, 230 Puccini, Giacomo, 262 Rossini, Gioacchino, 262 Puke, Erik, 38, 39 Rossvik, Nils Gustafsson, 38, 39 Pyhy, Conrad von, 51, 54, 55 Rousseau, Henri, 227 Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 113, 123 Rääf, Leonard Fredrik, 179 Royal Palace, Stockholm, 114–15 railways, 160, 183 Rudbeck, Johannes, 83 Rand, Ayn, 222 Rudbeck, Olof, 83, 99 Rappe, Emmy, 199 Ruff, Dr, 195–6 Rausing, Ruben, 251 Runeberg, Johan Ludvig, 170 Red Book, 62 Rurik, 9 Reduction, 88–9 Russia Reenstierna family, 78 15th century, 42 Reformation, 23, 46, 49, 52–6, 58 16th century, 57 refugees, 238–40, 253 17th century, 70, 76–7 Rehnskiöld, Carl Gustaf, 92 18th century, 90–4, 101–2, 104–6, Reinfeldt, Fredrik, 245, 264 132, 136–7 religion First World War, 216, 218 17th century, 61–3 Napoleonic Wars, 153

Index 297

November Accord (1855) and, Scott, George, 168, 187 172–3, 178 Second World War, 232–7 Peace of Nöteborg (1323), 35 Segebro, 1 Revolution, 218, 221 Segerstedt, Torgny, 233 Swedish imports, 108 Sergel, Johan Tobias, 130–1, Viking Age, 7, 9 132, 154 war over Finland, 150–4 sexual morality, 254 see also Soviet Union shamanism, 97, 99 Sheldon, Charles, 79 SAAB, 224, 250 Sierra Leone, 128, 136 Saami people Sigismund, king, 61, 63, 64–6 17th century, 68, 98–100 Sigtuna, 15, 17, 23 18th century, 119 Sillén, Gustaf af, 146 20th century, 246 Silvia, queen, xii, 255 21st century, 268–9 Simonsson, Thomas, Bishop of Strängäs, Chernobyl accident and, 256–7 37, 46 conversion, 19–20 Singer, Isaac Bashevis, 259 historiography, 60 Sjöwall, Maj, 258 migration, 186 Skara, 15, 26 prehistoric, 7 Skinnerus, Ericus, 59 subjugation, 32 Skytte, Johan, 84 see also Lapland Slagheck, Didrik, 49 SABO, 252 slavery, 166, 191–2 Sachsen-Lauenburg, Katarina of, 54 Småland, rebellion of (1542), 55 Sæden, Erik, 262 smallpox, 95, 111–12, 146, 147, St Barthélemy, 134–5, 138, 163, 164–6, 161, 255 169, 189, 191–2, 194 Social Democratic Party, 174–5, 176, St Croix, 165 222–3, 231, 240–5, 254 St Martin, 134–5, 138, 165 social reforms, 252–5 St Thomas, 165 social welfare, 95–6, 146, 203–4, 222–3, Saint-Non, Abbé de, 133 225–6, 241, 248–52 Salvation Army, 188 Söderberg, Hjalmar, 208–9 Salvius, Johan Adler, 85 Söderblom, Nathan, 189–90, 226 Sandarna, 2 Sophie Magdalene, queen, 138 Sandemose, Axel, ix Sorolainen, Ericus Erici, 57 Sandler, Rickard, 231, 232 Sound Tunnel, 265 Scandinavian Monetary Union, South Africa, 244, 258 174, 175 Soviet Union, 231, 232, 233, 242, 243, Scania, 26, 27, 28, 87 244, 246, 252 Schantz, Phillip, 259 see also Russia Schartau, Henrik, 167 Spain, 132 Scheele, Wilhelm, 142–3 Spanish influenza (1918), 219 Schleswig-Holstein, 193–4 Sparlösa, 5 Schopenhauer, Arthur, 209 Sparre, Erik, 66 Schözer, August Ludwig, 150 Spihler, Mathias, 96 Schultzenheim, David Schultz von, Spohr, Louis, 214 111, 146 sport, 262–3 Schwarzlose, Karl, 190 Staaf, Karl, 176 science, 117–21, 142–4, 267 Stagnelius, Erik Johan, 170

298 Index

Stanislav, king of Poland, 91 Tacitus, 4–5 Stauning, Thomas, 231 Taliban, 264 Steele, Richard, 123 Tannenberg, Battle of (1410), 36 Stenbok, Abraham, 61 Tchaikovsky, Piotr, 92, 262 Stenbok, Magnus, 93 Tegnér, Esaias, 166–7 Stenhammar, Carl, 214 Telford, Thomas, 158 Stenkil dynasty, 20 temperance movements, 167 Stettin, Treaty of (1570), 64 tennis, 262–3 Stiernhielm, Georg, 83–4 terrorism, 243, 267 Stockholm Tessin, Carl Gustaf, 105, 114 15th century, 41 Tessin, Nicodemus the Elder, 19th century, 160 75, 87 Dillström Workhouse, 203 Tessin, Nicodemus the Younger, hospitals, 113, 200, 255 89–90, 114 medieval trade, 36 Tetra Pak, 251 Oympic Games (1912), 196 Teusina, Treaty of (1595), 66 prehistoric, 1 Teutonic Order, 36 Royal Opera House, 137 textile industry, 182 Royal Palace, 114–15 Themptander, Robert, 174 Stockholm, Bloodbath of Theudon, G., 86 (1520), 44 Thirty Years War, 70–4, 82, 86 Stolbova, Treaty of (1617), 70 Thor, 11 Stralsund, Peace of (1370), 29 Thörnell, Olof, 231 Strängnäs, 23, 37 Thorpe, Jim, 196 Strauss, Richard, 214 Thunberg, Carl Peter, 143 Strindberg, August, 190, 209 Tillberg, Peter, 259 Sture, Nils Bosson, 42 Tilly, General, 72, 73 Sture, Sten the Elder, 42–3 Tilsit, Treaty of (1807), 151 Sture, Sten the Younger, timber, 179, 223, 247 43–4, 49 tithes, 17 Sture, Svante Nilsson, 43 Tordenskjold, Peder, 101 Sture Chronicle, 45 Törnqvist, Albert, 199 Sture family, 61 Torstensson, Lennart, 73 Stuyvesant, Peter, 80 torture, 146 Svealand, x Toscannini, Arturo, 262 Sveas, 4, 5–7, 8 tourism, 256 Svenskund, Battle of (1790), 137 trade Sverker the Elder, king, 20 17th century, 78–9 Sverker the Younger, king, 21 18th century, 108, 140 Swartz, Carl, 217 19th century, 179 Swedenborg, Emanuel, 127–8, 20th century, 223–4, 246, 247 153, 209 Baltic expansion, 35–7 Swedish East India Company, 108–9, Hansa, 22–3, 29–31, 33, 35, 36, 38, 115, 140 49–51 Swedish Missionary Society, 187–8, Middle Ages, 33 226, 255 Second World War, 234 Switzerland, 156 trade unions, 183, 184 Sydow, Max von, 261 Tre Kronor Palace, 89–90 Sydow, Oscar von, 220 Trevor-Roper, Hugh, 236

Index 299

Trolle, Erik, 43 Västerbotten, Gustaf Adolph, Duke Trolle, Gustaf, Archbishop of Uppsala, of, 240 43–4, 49 Västergötland, Battles of, 22 tuberculosis, 201–2 Verdi, Giuseppi, 137 Turku (Åbo), 19, 21, 134 Viborg (Vyborg) 23, 42, 56 Victoria, Princess, xii Ukraine, 7 Vienna, Congress of (1815), Ullmann, Liv, 198, 261 153, 156 Ullsten, Ola, 244 Vietnam War, 243 Ulstadius, Lars, 97 Viking Age, 7–12 Ulv Jarl, 22 Vingboons, J., 85 Ulvæus, Björn, 262 Visby, 22, 28, 33 Undéen, Östen, 241 Vitlycke, 3 UNESCO, 268 Vitruvius Pollo, Marcus, 134 United Kingdom Vogel, Caspar, 75 18th-century conflicts, 91 Voltaire, 146–7 agricultural model, 122 Volvo, 224, 249–50, 266 First World War, 217 Napoleonic Wars, 150, 164 Wadström, Carl Bernard, November Accord (1855), 128, 136 172–3, 178 Wagner, Richard, 214, 262 Second World War, 234 Wahlöö, Per, 258 Swedish alliance, 106, 149 Wailly, Charles de, 133 technical know-how, 142 Wallenberg, André Oscar, 181 United Nations, 242, 269 Wallenberg, Erik, 251 United States, 142, 163, 192, Wallenberg, Jacob, 232 206, 243 Wallenberg, Knut, 190 universities, 82–4, 253 Wallenberg, Knut Agathon, 181 Uppsala Wallenberg, Marcus, 181, 19th century, 185 217, 232 archbishopric, 15, 17, 20, 37, 104 Wallenberg, Marcus (1899–1982), 232 Cathedral, 48 Wallenberg, Raoul, 235 Congregation, 64–6 Wallenberg dynasty, 181, 184 University, 45, 46, 59, 82, 156 Wallenstein, Albrekt von, 73 Urban V, pope, 45 Wallerius, Johan Gottschalk, 121 Wallin, Johan Olof, 167, 190 Vadé, Jean-Joseph, 145 Wargentin, Pehr, 121 Valdemar, Duke, 45 Watt, James, 157 Valdemar Atterdag, king of Denmark, Weber, Carl Maria von, 214 27, 28, 29 Wejryd, Anders, 255 Valdemar Birgersson, king, 24 welfare state, see social welfare Valkyries, 11–12 Westphalia, Treaty of (1648), 74 Värälä, Peace of (1790), 137 Wickman, Gustaf, 190 Varnhem, 18 Wigforss, Ernst, 247 Vasa, Gustaf, king, 44, 49–52, 53–6, Wijck, Willem van, 67 59–60, 61, 64 Wilander, Mats, 263 Vasa family, 41, 42, 56 Wilhelm II, kaiser, 176 Vass, Sven, 96 Wilhelm, H., 85

300 Index

Winckelmann, Johan Joachim, 130, 166 Wrangel, ambassador, 217 Wismar, 177 Wrangel, Carl Gustaf, 74, 75–6 witchcraft, 97–8, 145 Wulfstand, 5 women, xii, 146, 164–5, 171, 204–5, 254–5 Zellbell, Ferdinand the Elder, 125–6 women’s rights, 197, 209, 226 Zinzendorf, Nikolaus Ludwig von, 127 workhouses, 203 Zorn, Anders, 210–13