Wars Between the Danes and Germans, for the Possession Of
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Pomerania in the Medieval and Renaissance Cartography – from the Cottoniana to Eilhard Lubinus
Pomerania in the Medieval and Renaissance Cartography… STUDIA MARITIMA, vol. XXXIII (2020) | ISSN 0137-3587 | DOI: 10.18276/sm.2020.33-04 Adam Krawiec Faculty of Historical Studies Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań [email protected] ORCID: 0000-0002-3936-5037 Pomerania in the Medieval and Renaissance Cartography – from the Cottoniana to Eilhard Lubinus Keywords: Pomerania, Duchy of Pomerania, medieval cartography, early modern cartography, maritime cartography The following paper deals with the question of the cartographical image of Pomer- ania. What I mean here are maps in the modern sense of the word, i.e. Graphic rep- resentations that facilitate a spatial understanding of things, concepts, conditions, processes, or events in the human world1. It is an important reservation because the line between graphic and non-graphic representations of the Earth’s surface in the Middle Ages was sometimes blurred, therefore the term mappamundi could mean either a cartographic image or a textual geographical description, and in some cases it functioned as an equivalent of the modern term “Geography”2. Consequently, there’s a tendency in the modern historiography to analyze both forms of the geographical descriptions together. However, the late medieval and early modern developments in the perception and re-constructing of the space led to distinguishing cartography as an autonomous, full-fledged discipline of knowledge, and to the general acceptance of the map in the modern sense as a basic form of presentation of the world’s surface. Most maps which will be examined in the paper were produced in this later period, so it seems justified to analyze only the “real” maps, although in a broader context of the geographical imaginations. -
The Stamps of the German Empire
UC-NRLF 6165 3fi Sfifi G3P6 COo GIFT OF Lewis Bealer THE STAMPS OF THE GERMAN STATES By Bertram W. H. Poole PART I "Stamps of the German Empire" BADEN MECKLENBURG-SCHWERIN BAVARIA MECKLENBURG-STREUTZ BERGEDORF OLDENBURG BREMEN PRUSSIA BRUNSWICK SAXONY HAMBURG SCHLESWIG-HOISTEIN HANOVER LUBECK WURTEMBERG HANDBOOK NUMBER 6 Price 35c PUBLISHED BY MEKEEL-SEVERN-WYLIE CO. BOSTON, MASS. i" THE STAMPS OF THE GERMAN EMPIRE BY BERTRAM W. H. POOLE AUTHOR OF The Stamps of the Cook Islands, Stamp Collector's Guide, Bermuda, Bulgaria, Hong Kong, Sierra Leone, Etc. MEKEEL-SEVERN-WYLIE CO. HANDBOOK No. 6 PUBLISHED BY MEKEEL-SEVERN-WYLIE CO. BOSTON, MASS. GIFT OF FOREWORD. In beginning this series of articles little is required in the way of an intro- ductory note for the title is lucid enough. I may, however, point out that these articles are written solely for the guidance of the general collector, in which category, of course, all our boy readers are included. While all im- portant philatelic facts will be recorded but little attention will be paid to minor varieties. Special stress will be laid on a study of the various designs and all necessary explanations will be given so that the lists of varieties appearing in the catalogues will be plain to the most inexperienced collector. In the "refer- ence list," which will conclude each f chapter, only > s.ucji s. arfif>s; Hifl >e in- cluded as may; ie,'con&tfJdrekt ;"e,ssntial" and, as such,' coming 'within 'the scope of on the.'phJlaJtetist'lcoUeetijig' ^ene^l" lines. .V. -
Swedish Royal Ancestry Book 4 1751-Present
GRANHOLM GENEALOGY SWEDISH ANCESTRY Recent Royalty (1751 - Present) INTRODUCTION Our Swedish ancestry is quite comprehensive as it covers a broad range of the history. For simplicity the information has been presented in four different books. Book 1 – Mythical to Viking Era (? – 1250) Book 2 – Folkunga Dynasty (1250 – 1523) Book 3 – Vasa Dynasty (1523 – 1751) Book 4 – Recent Royalty (1751 – Present) Book 4 covers the most recent history including the wars with Russia that eventually led to the loss of Finland to Russia and the emergence of Finland as an independent nation as well as the history of Sweden during World Wars I and II. A list is included showing our relationship with the royal family according to the lineage from Nils Kettilsson Vasa. The relationship with the spouses is also shown although these are from different ancestral lineages. Text is included for those which are highlighted in the list. Lars Granholm, November 2009 Recent Swedish Royalty Relationship to Lars Erik Granholm 1 Adolf Frederick King of Sweden b. 14 May 1710 Gottorp d. 1771 Stockholm (9th cousin, 10 times removed) m . Louisa Ulrika Queen of Sweden b. 24 July 1720 Berlin d. 16 July 1782 Swartsjö ( 2 2 n d c o u s i n , 1 1 times removed) 2 Frederick Adolf Prince of Sweden b. 1750 d. 1803 (10th cousin, 9 times removed) 2 . Sofia Albertina Princess of Sweden b, 1753 d. 1829 (10th cousin, 9 times removed) 2 . Charles XIII King of Sweden b. 1748 d. 1818 (10th cousin, 9 times removed) 2 Gustav III King of Sweden b. -
King's Rune Stones
29 Minoru Ozawa King’s Rune Stones A Catalogue with Some Remarks Minoru OZAWA For those who are interested in Danish history the Jelling dynasty from the second half of the 10th century to 1042 has had a special meaning. The successive 6 kings, i.e. Gorm the Old (–958), Harald Bluetooth (–987), Swein Forkbeard (–1014), Harald (–1018), Canute the Great (–1035), and Hardecnut (–1042), transformed a small Danish kingdom into one of the most influential states in Northern Europe in the 11th century.1 After Gorm and Harald made steadier the foundation of the kingdom the following kings expanded their stage of activty westward to gain booty with their army. In 1013 Swein conquered England to take the crown into his hand and, after his sudden death, his son Canute reconquered the kingdom to be the king of England in 1018 and king of Norway later in 1028. At the time the Jelling dynasty reigned over three kingdoms which surrounded the North Sea.2 While it is important to reevaluate the rule of the Jelling dynasty from the viewpoint of European political history, we should remember another important activity by the Danes: raising rune stones in memory of the dead. According to Sawyer’s catalogue, the corpus consisting of 200 rune stones is left to the present days as stones themselves or drawings in early modern age in the territory of medieval 1 Concerning the basic information of the Jelling dynasty, see Thorkild Ramskou, Normannertiden 600–1060. København 1962, pp. 415–; Aksel E. Christensen, Vikingetidens Danmark paa oldhistorisk baggrund. -
Saxony: Landscapes/Rivers and Lakes/Climate
Freistaat Sachsen State Chancellery Message and Greeting ................................................................................................................................................. 2 State and People Delightful Saxony: Landscapes/Rivers and Lakes/Climate ......................................................................................... 5 The Saxons – A people unto themselves: Spatial distribution/Population structure/Religion .......................... 7 The Sorbs – Much more than folklore ............................................................................................................ 11 Then and Now Saxony makes history: From early days to the modern era ..................................................................................... 13 Tabular Overview ........................................................................................................................................................ 17 Constitution and Legislature Saxony in fine constitutional shape: Saxony as Free State/Constitution/Coat of arms/Flag/Anthem ....................... 21 Saxony’s strong forces: State assembly/Political parties/Associations/Civic commitment ..................................... 23 Administrations and Politics Saxony’s lean administration: Prime minister, ministries/State administration/ State budget/Local government/E-government/Simplification of the law ............................................................................... 29 Saxony in Europe and in the world: Federalism/Europe/International -
W Orld Heritage in Denmark and Greenland
Midway between the mounds are the two runic The church between the two mounds is built of calcareous In Denmark, the Heritage Agency of Denmark is responsible stones. The larger stone bears what is probably the tufa (travertine) around 1080-1100. A tower was added for submitting new proposals for inclusion on the World Heritage List. A special committee under UNESCO decides most significant inscription in the history of Denmark: in the 15th century. This church was preceded by three whether to include the proposed candidates on the list. World Heritage in Denmark and Greenland World The Jelling Monuments ‘King Harald bade this monument to be made in wooden churches. The first wooden church was 14 x 30 Being nominated for inclusion on the World Heritage memory of Gorm his father and Thyra his mother, metres somewhat bigger than the present one. It was List does not in itself imply any new form of protection, but it does provide additional recognition and status. that Harald who won for himself all Denmark and presumably built by Harald Bluetooth. It is believed that Norway and made the Danes Christian’. The message his father, King Gorm, was moved from the north mound A worldwide presentation of the cultural and natural is carved on three sides of the large stone. On one and buried in a chambered tomb in the exact place where heritage of mankind is given on UNESCO’s website at www.unesco.org. The world heritage of Greenland is of the sides there is also a carved image of Christ. The the nave and the chancel adjoin. -
The Archaeology of the Prussian Crusade
Downloaded by [University of Wisconsin - Madison] at 05:00 18 January 2017 THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF THE PRUSSIAN CRUSADE The Archaeology of the Prussian Crusade explores the archaeology and material culture of the Crusade against the Prussian tribes in the thirteenth century, and the subsequent society created by the Teutonic Order that lasted into the six- teenth century. It provides the first synthesis of the material culture of a unique crusading society created in the south-eastern Baltic region over the course of the thirteenth century. It encompasses the full range of archaeological data, from standing buildings through to artefacts and ecofacts, integrated with writ- ten and artistic sources. The work is sub-divided into broadly chronological themes, beginning with a historical outline, exploring the settlements, castles, towns and landscapes of the Teutonic Order’s theocratic state and concluding with the role of the reconstructed and ruined monuments of medieval Prussia in the modern world in the context of modern Polish culture. This is the first work on the archaeology of medieval Prussia in any lan- guage, and is intended as a comprehensive introduction to a period and area of growing interest. This book represents an important contribution to promot- ing international awareness of the cultural heritage of the Baltic region, which has been rapidly increasing over the last few decades. Aleksander Pluskowski is a lecturer in Medieval Archaeology at the University of Reading. Downloaded by [University of Wisconsin - Madison] at 05:00 -
Evidence from Hamburg's Import Trade, Eightee
Economic History Working Papers No: 266/2017 Great divergence, consumer revolution and the reorganization of textile markets: Evidence from Hamburg’s import trade, eighteenth century Ulrich Pfister Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Economic History Department, London School of Economics and Political Science, Houghton Street, London, WC2A 2AE, London, UK. T: +44 (0) 20 7955 7084. F: +44 (0) 20 7955 7730 LONDON SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS AND POLITICAL SCIENCE DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMIC HISTORY WORKING PAPERS NO. 266 – AUGUST 2017 Great divergence, consumer revolution and the reorganization of textile markets: Evidence from Hamburg’s import trade, eighteenth century Ulrich Pfister Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Email: [email protected] Abstract The study combines information on some 180,000 import declarations for 36 years in 1733–1798 with published prices for forty-odd commodities to produce aggregate and commodity specific estimates of import quantities in Hamburg’s overseas trade. In order to explain the trajectory of imports of specific commodities estimates of simple import demand functions are carried out. Since Hamburg constituted the principal German sea port already at that time, information on its imports can be used to derive tentative statements on the aggregate evolution of Germany’s foreign trade. The main results are as follows: Import quantities grew at an average rate of at least 0.7 per cent between 1736 and 1794, which is a bit faster than the increase of population and GDP, implying an increase in openness. Relative import prices did not fall, which suggests that innovations in transport technology and improvement of business practices played no role in overseas trade growth. -
Estate Landscapes in Northern Europe: an Introduction
J Estate Landscapes in northern Europe an introduction By Jonathan Finch and Kristine Dyrmann This volume represents the first transnational exploration of the estate Harewood House, West Yorkshire, landscape in northern Europe. It brings together experts from six coun- UK Harewood House was built between tries to explore the character, role and significance of the estate over five /012 and /00/ for Edwin Lascelles, whose family made their fortune in the West hundred years during which the modern landscape took shape. They do Indies. The parkland was laid out over so from a variety of disciplinary backgrounds, to provide the first critical the same period by Lancelot ‘Capability’ study of the estate as a distinct cultural landscape. The northern European Brown and epitomizes the late-eighteenth countries discussed in this volume – Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Germany, century taste for a more informal natural- the Netherlands and Britain – have a fascinating and deep shared history istic landscape. Small enclosed fields from of cultural, economic and social exchange and dialogue. Whilst not always the seventeenth century were replaced by a family at peace, they can lay claim to having forged many key aspects of parkland that could be grazed, just as it is the modern world, including commercial capitalism and industrialization today, although some hedgerow trees were retained to add interest within the park, from an overwhelmingly rural base in the early modern period. United such as those in the foreground. By the around the North Sea, the region was a gateway to the east through the early-nineteenth century all arable culti- Baltic Sea, and across the Atlantic to the New World in the west. -
Studia Podlaskie T 16
STUDIA PODLASKIE tom XIX BIAŁYSTOK 2011 KRYSTYna SzeLągowska Białystok O tym, Jak pani Lykke Z Chłopami i krÓlem woJowała, CZyli o kobieCie interesu W XVI-wieCZneJ Danii–NorweGii „(-) i wreszcie wygłosiła – całkowicie nieprawdziwą – uwagę, która w uszach króla Chrystiana musiała zabrzmieć szczególnie irytująco, uwagę bliską polskie- mu liberum veto, która w każdym państwie, opartym na monarchicznej zasadzie musiała wydać się zagrożeniem dla porządku społecznego: stwierdziła bowiem, że «nie wiem, ani nie słyszałam, by cała szlachta zebrała się i zatwierdziła ten reces; a to należy się szlachcie wedle jej wolności i przysięgi, jaką jej [król] złożył»”1. Tak pod koniec XIX w. o rozprawie, która odbyła się w 1556 r. przed sądem duńskiego króla Chrystiana III pisał duński historyk Gustaw Bang. Osobą, która wypowie- działa przytoczone słowa, powołując się na szlacheckie wolności, słowa, które Bangowi skojarzyły się z systemem panującej w Rzeczypospolitej demokracji szla- checkiej, była Sophie Lykke, duńska szlachcianka, która, jak twierdzą biografowie, okazała się kłopotliwą poddaną dwóch kolejnych duńskich władców w 2. połowie XVI w., zarówno kiedy mieszkała w Danii, jak i Norwegii. O pani Lykke pisali w różnych opracowaniach duńscy i norwescy biografo- wie. W pierwszym, pochodzącym z końca XIX w., wydaniu duńskiego słownika biograficznego pod redakcją Carla Frederika Bricki, autorem jej biogramu był Anders Thiset2, we współczesnym, trzecim wydaniu – napisała go Astrid Friis3. 1 G. Bang, Fru Sophie Lykke, en Adelsdame i det 16. Aarhundrede, „Museum. Tidsskrift for Historie og Geografi”, R. 1894, t. 2, Kjøbenhavn. 2 A. Thiset, Sophie Lykke, [biogram w:] Dansk Biografisk Lexikon, red. C. F. Bricka, t. 10, Kjøbenhavn 1896, s. 523-525. -
The Royal Roots of Clan Fleming Trace Fleeman © Astral Scribes™ 2013
The Royal Roots of Clan Fleming Trace Fleeman © Astral Scribes™ 2013. All rights reserved. The history of Clan Fleming is a long one. The clan was formed by Baldwin, a man from Flanders (conspicuously the French region of such), after he received a multiplicity of land grants from David I, in Lanarkshire. Baldwin himself was born to Knut de Flanders, who, according to Saxo Grammaticus in his work Gesta Danorum, was born to Folke the Fat, "the most powerful man in Sweden". Knut was bore by Ingrid Knutsdotter, the wife of Folke, who herself was the spawn of the Danish sovereign Canute IV, the patron saint of Denmark, making Ingrid herself princess of Denmark. Canute IV, who only ruled on the Danish throne for 6 years, was born to Sweyn II of Denmark & an unidentified concubine. Sweyn was born to Ulf, a jarl of Denmark and Viking chieftain. Canute's grandfather, Ulf Thorgilsson, was son of Thorgil Styrbjörnsson Sprakling, himself son of Styrbjörn the Strong. Thorgil was son of Olof (II) Björnsson, a semi-legendary Swedish king, who according to Hervarar saga and the Styrbjarnar þáttr Svíakappa ruled together with his brother Eric the Victorious. Other notable relatives of Sweyn are Sweyn Forkbeard, his grandfather, son of King Harald Bluetooth of Denmark, who ruled Denmark and England, as well as parts of Norway. Harald Bluetooth, king of Denmark and Norway, was born to Gorm the Old. Gorm was born to Harthacnut. Adam of Bremen, a German raconteur, makes Harthacnut son of an otherwise unfamiliar king Sweyn, while the chronicle Ragnarssona þáttr makes him son of the semi-mythic viking tribal chief Sigurd Snake-in-the-Eye, himself one of the sons of the mythicy Ragnar Lodbrok. -
Dominik Hünniger: Power, Economics and the Seasons
Dominik Hünniger: Power, Economics and the Seasons. Local Differences in the Per- ception of Cattle Plagues in 18th Century Schleswig and Holstein Paper presented at the Rural History 2013 conference, Berne, 19th to 22nd August 2013. DRAFT - please do not quote. 1. Introduction “Diseases are ideas“1 - this seemingly controversial phrase by Jacalyn Duffin will guide my presentation today. This is not to say that diseases do not take biological as well as historical reality. They most definitely do, but their biological „reality“ is embellished and interpreted by culture. Hence, the cultural and social factors influencing diagnoses, definitions and contain- ment strategies are the main focus of my paper.2 In particular, I will focus on how historical containment policies concerning epidemics and epizootics were closely intertwined with questions of power, co-operation and conflicts. One always had to consider and interpret different interests in order to find appropriate and fea- sible containment policies. Additionally all endeavours to regulate the usually very severe consequences of epidemics could be contested by different historical actors. In this respect, current research on the contested nature of laws and ordinances in Early Modern Europe es- tablished the notion of state building processes from below through interaction.3 In addition, knowledge and experience were locally specific and the attempts of authorities to establish norms could be understood and implemented in very idiosyncratic ways.4 Hence, implementation processes almost always triggered conflicts and misunderstandings. At the same time, authorities as well as subjects were interested in compromise and adjustments. Here, Stefan Brakensiek„s work is especially relevant for the interpretation of the events dur- ing a cattle plague outbreak in mid-18th-century Schleswig and Holstein: in particular his the- 1 Duffin, Lovers (2005), p.