Intangible Cultural Heritage of Mongolian
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2000 Population and Housing Census of Mongolia: the MAIN RESULTS
2000 Population and Housing Census of Mongolia: THE MAIN RESULTS NSO National Statistical Office Of Mongolia UNFPA United Nations Population Fund UNSD United Nations Statistics Division Contents Page CONTRIBUTORS iii LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES v LIST OF TABLES IN THE ANNEX xi LIST OF ACRONYMS xiii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS xv PREFACE xvii Chapter 1. ORGANIZATION AND CONDUCT OF THE 2000 1 POPULATION AND HOUSING CENSUS 1.1. Population censuses in Mongolia 2 1.2. Planning, administration and organization of the 2 2000 population and housing census 1.3. Training 6 1.4. Mapping and household listing 8 1.5. Advocacy and publicity 9 1.6. Pretesting, enumeration and quality control 11 1.7. Data processing 14 1.8. Dissemination of census data to users 15 1.9. Census concepts, definitions and design of the 17 population questionnaire Chapter 2. POPULATION SIZE, DISTRIBUTION AND 27 DENSITY Chapter 3. DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS 37 Chapter 4. CITIZENSHIP AND ETHNICITY 47 Chapter 5. INTERNAL MIGRATION AND URBANIZATION 53 Chapter 6. EDUCATION AND LITERACY 69 Chapter 7. ECONOMIC ACTIVITY 79 Chapter 8. HOUSEHOLDS, LIVING QUARTERS AND 95 HOUSING FACILITIES CONCLUSION 109 Annex 1. TABLES OF CENSUS DATA 113 Annex 2. LIST OF CENSUS PRODUCTS 165 Annex 3. CENSUS QUESTIONNAIRE 167 i CONTRIBUTORS Mrs. Davaasuren Chultemjamts, Economist-statistician, Ph. D in Economics (Russia) Master of International Affairs (Columbia University, USA) Chairman of NSO and Deputy of State Census Commission Mr. Batmunkh Batsukh, Economist-statistician, Ph. D in Economics (Moscow Economics and Statistics Institute) Vice-chairman of NSO, Director of the Bureau of Population Census and Survey and Secretary of State Census Commission Mr. -
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Globalization ’s Impact on Mongolian Identity Issues and the Image of Chinggis Khan Alicia J. Campi PART I: The Mongols, this previously unheard-of nation that unexpectedly emerged to terrorize the whole world for two hundred years, disappeared again into obscurity with the advent of firearms. Even so, the name Mongol became one forever familiar to humankind, and the entire stretch of the thirteenth through the fifteenth centuries has come to be known as the Mongol era.' PART II; The historic science was the science, which has been badly affect ed, and the people of Mongolia bid farewell to their history and learned by heart the bistort' with distortion but fuU of ideolog}'. Because of this, the Mong olians started to forget their religious rituals, customs and traditions and the pa triotic feelings of Mongolians turned to the side of perishing as the internation alism was put above aU.^ PART III: For decades, Mongolia had subordinated national identity to So viet priorities __Now, they were set adrift in a sea of uncertainty, and Mongol ians were determined to define themselves as a nation and as a people. The new freedom was an opportunity as well as a crisis." As the three above quotations indicate, identity issues for the Mongolian peoples have always been complicated. In our increas ingly interconnected, media-driven world culture, nations with Baabar, Histoij of Mongolia (Ulaanbaatar: Monsudar Publishing, 1999), 4. 2 “The Political Report of the First Congress of the Mongolian Social-Demo cratic Party” (March 31, 1990), 14. " Tsedendamdyn Batbayar, Mongolia’s Foreign Folicy in the 1990s: New Identity and New Challenges (Ulaanbaatar: Institute for Strategic Studies, 2002), 8. -
Faces of Mongolian Fear: Demonological Beliefs, Narratives and Protective Measures in Contemporary Folk Religion*
Journal of Ethnology and Folkloristics 14 (1): 49–64 DOI: 10.2478/jef-2020-0004 FACES OF MONGOLIAN FEAR: DEMONOLOGICAL BELIEFS, NARRATIVES AND PROTECTIVE MEASURES IN CONTEMPORARY FOLK RELIGION* ALEVTINA SOLOVYEVA Junior Research Fellow Department for Estonian and Comparative Folklore University of Tartu Ülikooli 18, 50090 Tartu, Estonia Leading Research Fellow Institute for Oriental and Classical Studies National Research University Higher School of Economics Myasnitskaja 20, 101000 Moscow, Russia e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT This article looks at the perceptions of fear and ‘the frightening’ in contemporary Mongolian demonology. In the article, I discuss beliefs concerning both human and supernatural – what is supposed to be frightening for humans and what is supposed to be frightening for spirits, ghosts and demons. In daily interaction with the supernatural this mutual ‘fright’ can be regarded as an important part of communication. In this article, I discuss what is believed to be the most frightful for humans and for supernatural agents, what kinds of image this fear relates to and what the roots of these beliefs are, as well as the popular ways to confront and defend against ‘frightening’ in Mongolian folklore. My research is based on fieldwork materials collected during annual expedi- tions in different parts of Mongolia (2006–2017) and Mongolian published sources such as Mongolian newspapers and journals, special editions of stories about encounters with the supernatural. KEYWORDS: Mongolian folklore • narratives • rites • fears • socialist past and contemporary period. * This article is a continuation of my paper, presented at the Anthropology of Fright: Per- spectives from Asia international conference (Aarhus University, May 18–19, 2017), inspired and developed with the support of event organisers Stefano Beggiora (Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, Italy), Lidia Guzy (University College Cork, Ireland), Uwe Skoda (Aarhus University, Denmark). -
Promoting Dryland Sustainable Landscapes and Biodiversity Conservation in the Eastern Steppe of Mongolia” Project
Environmental and Social Management Framework for “Promoting Dryland Sustainable Landscapes and Biodiversity Conservation in The Eastern Steppe of Mongolia” Project ULAANBAATAR 2020 Required citation: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), World Wildlife Fund (WWF). 2020. Environmental and Social Management Framework for “Promoting Dryland Sustainable Landscapes and Biodiversity Conservation in The Eastern Steppe of Mongolia” Project. Ulaanbaatar. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of FAO. © FAO, WWF, 2020 Some rights reserved. This worK is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAliKe 3.0 IGO licence (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo/legalcode). Under the terms of this licence, this worK may be copied, redistributed and adapted for non-commercial purposes, provided that the work is appropriately cited. In any use of this worK, there should be no suggestion that FAO endorses any specific organization, products or services. -
Mongolica Pragensia ’16 9/2
Mongolica Pragensia ’16 9/2 Mongolica Pragensia ’16 Ethnolinguistics, Sociolinguistics, Religion and Culture Volume 9, No. 2 Publication of Charles University Faculty of Arts, Department of South and Central Asia Seminar of Mongolian and Tibetan Studies Prague 2016 ISSN 1803–5647 This journal is published as a part of the Programme for the Development of Fields of Study at Charles University, Oriental Studies, sub-programme “The process of transformation in the language and cultural differentness of the countries of South and Central Asia”, a project of the Faculty of Arts, Charles University. The publication of this Issue was supported by the TRITON Publishing House. Mongolica Pragensia ’16 Linguistics, Ethnolinguistics, Religion and Culture Volume 9, No. 2 (2016) © Editors Editors-in-chief: Veronika Kapišovská and Veronika Zikmundová Editorial Board: Daniel Berounský (Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic) Agata Bareja-Starzyńska (University of Warsaw, Poland) Katia Buffetrille (École pratique des Hautes-Études, Paris, France) J. Lubsangdorji (Charles University Prague, Czech Republic) Marie-Dominique Even (Centre National des Recherches Scientifiques, Paris, France) Veronika Kapišovská (Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic) Marek Mejor (University of Warsaw, Poland) Tsevel Shagdarsurung (National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia) Domiin Tömörtogoo (National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia) Veronika Zikmundová (Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic) English correction: Dr. Mark Corner (HUB University, Brussels) Department of South and Central Asia, Seminar of Mongolian and Tibetan Studies Faculty of Arts, Charles University Celetná 20, 116 42 Praha 1, Czech Republic http://mongolistika.ff.cuni.cz Publisher: Stanislav Juhaňák – TRITON http://www.triton-books.cz Vykáňská 5, 100 00 Praha 10 IČ 18433499 Praha (Prague) 2016 Cover Renata Brtnická Typeset Studio Marvil Printed by Art D – Grafický ateliér Černý s. -
Online Appendices Here
APPENDIX A: EFFECTIVE NUMBER OF PARTIES BY COUNTRY AND YEAR The effec've number of par'es equals the reciprocal of the sum of the squared propor'on of the vote received by each party with independent candidates each treated as separate par'es. Effective Number Country Year of Electoral Parties Antigua and Barbuda 1994 2.05 Antigua and Barbuda 1999 2.09 Antigua and Barbuda 2004 2.07 Antigua and Barbuda 2009 2.07 Argentina 1991 3.98 Argentina 1993 3.57 Argentina 1995 3.61 Argentina 1997 3.65 Argentina 1999 3.28 Argentina 2001 6.08 Argentina 2003 5.39 Argentina 2005 6.38 Australia 1990 3.37 Australia 1993 2.90 Australia 1996 3.20 Australia 1998 3.46 Australia 2001 3.43 Australia 2004 3.18 Australia 2007 3.03 Australia 2010 3.83 Austria 1990 3.16 Austria 1994 3.87 Austria 1995 3.59 Austria 1999 3.82 Austria 2002 3.02 Austria 2006 3.71 Austria 2008 4.83 Bahamas 1992 1.98 Bahamas 1997 1.97 Bahamas 2002 2.28 Bahamas 2007 2.13 Barbados 1991 2.28 Barbados 1994 2.52 Barbados 1999 1.84 Barbados 2003 1.98 Effective Number Country Year of Electoral Parties Barbados 2008 2.00 Belgium 1991 9.81 Belgium 1995 9.46 Belgium 1999 10.27 Belgium 2003 8.84 Belgium 2007 9.04 Belgium 2010 10.04 Belize 1993 2.00 Belize 1998 1.96 Belize 2003 2.04 Belize 2008 2.03 Botswana 1994 2.34 Botswana 1999 2.44 Botswana 2004 2.74 Botswana 2009 2.71 Brazil 1990 9.80 Brazil 1994 8.52 Brazil 1998 8.14 Brazil 2002 9.28 Brazil 2006 10.62 Brazil 2010 11.21 Bulgaria 1991 4.18 Bulgaria 1994 3.85 Bulgaria 1997 3.00 Bulgaria 2001 3.94 Bulgaria 2005 5.80 Bulgaria 2009 4.40 Canada 1993 -
Mongolia: Gender-Responsive Sector and Local Development Policies
Project Number: 50093-001 TA Number: 9201 May 2019 Mongolia: Gender-Responsive Sector and Local Development Policies and Actions This report does not necessarily reflect the views of ADB or the Government concerned, and neither the ADB nor the Government shall be held liable for its contents. © 2019 Government of Mongolia National committee on Gender Equality Mongolia Gender Situational Analysis: Advances, Challenges and Lessons Learnt Since 2005 report is written by: The gender consulting team under the “gender-responsive sector and local development policies and actions” technical assistance: International consultant: Ms. Jaime Shabalina National consultants: Ms. Amgalan Terbish Ms. Oyuntsetseg Oidov Ms. Onon Byambasuren Ms. Enkhjargal Davaasuren Ms. Undrakh Tsagaankhuu Mr. Jargalsaikhan Jambalsanjid Ms. Tsetsgee Ser-Od Ms. Enebish Tulgaa Project coordinator: Ms. Altantsooj Bazarvaani Reviewed by: Ms. Sukhjargalmaa Dugersuren Gender Advisor to the Prime Minister of Mongolia Secretariat of the National Committee on Gender Equality: Ms. Enkhbayar Tumur-Ulzii, Secretary of the national committee on Gender Equality, Head of the Secretariat of the National Committee on Gender Equality Ms. Battsetseg Sukhbaatar, Senior specialist, policy planning and budgeting Ms. Buyanaa Ochirkhuu, Specialist, Inter-sectoral coordination and Human resource National Statistical Ofice: Mr. Amarbal Avirmed, Director, Population and Social Statistics Department (PSSD) Mr. Bilguun Enkhbayar, Statistician, PSSD Asian Development Bank: Declan F. Magee, Deputy Country -
Khuvsgul Lake
The National Park covers 8,381 square kilometers including the lake of Khuvsgul Khuvsgul aimag was established in 1931 Nuur and its watershed, the Nuur river basin, and parts of Zuni Saran (Khoridol Territory - 38, 842 sq. miles (100,600 sq. km) Saridag) mountain. It has been protected since 1992. Center - Murun town, located 430 miles (692 km) from Here are special plants such as Adorns sibirica, Yellow Marsh Saxifrage (Saxifrage Ulaanbaatar. Hercules), Valeriana officinalis and Saussurea involucrate in the forests. Population : 124,500 The taiga forest has Euro Asian otter, beaver, moose, reindeer, argali, siberian ibex, Livestock & Crops : Sheep, Goat, Cattle, Horse/ Hay snow leopard, red deer, Siberian roe deer, wolf, brown bear, lynx, wild boar, black Ethnic Groups : Khalkh, Buryat, Tsaatan, Uriankhai, Darkhad stork, osprey and curlew. The lake Mountain of Khankh river and Khoroo river has Average temperatures : July + 16,9 C January - 23,8 C both been designated as “core areas” because of their special importance for Number of somons – 23 migratory birds. Khuvsgul Aimag borders in the North next to the Russian Federation. The altitude of high mountains of Burenkhaan, Khordil saridag, Erchim range, Tagna, and Soyon is up to 11,483 feet (3,500 m.) above sea level. There are beautiful passages in the mountain such as Jigleg, Jar, Toom and Uli. Tagnuur, Shiluust, Uran dush, Delgerkhan are the highest mountains .Ider, Tes, Delger, Selenge rivers flow through the province. This is the most humid region in Mongolia. Khuvsgul aimag is rich in natural resources such as phosphorite, coal, nephrite, graphite, and precious stones including rock crystal, green jade and chalcedony. -
Altaic Languages
Altaic Languages Masaryk University Press Reviewed by Ivo T. Budil Václav Blažek in collaboration with Michal Schwarz and Ondřej Srba Altaic Languages History of research, survey, classification and a sketch of comparative grammar Masaryk University Press Brno 2019 Publication financed by the grant No. GA15-12215S of the Czech Science Foundation (GAČR) © 2019 Masaryk University Press ISBN 978-80-210-9321-8 ISBN 978-80-210-9322-5 (online : pdf) https://doi.org/10.5817/CZ.MUNI.M210-9322-2019 5 Analytical Contents 0. Preface .................................................................. 9 1. History of recognition of the Altaic languages ............................... 15 1.1. History of descriptive and comparative research of the Turkic languages ..........15 1.1.1. Beginning of description of the Turkic languages . .15 1.1.2. The beginning of Turkic comparative studies ...........................21 1.1.3. Old Turkic language and script – discovery and development of research .....22 1.1.4. Turkic etymological dictionaries .....................................23 1.1.5. Turkic comparative grammars .......................................24 1.1.6. Syntheses of grammatical descriptions of the Turkic languages .............25 1.2. History of descriptive and comparative research of the Mongolic languages .......28 1.2.0. Bibliographic survey of Mongolic linguistics ...........................28 1.2.1. Beginning of description of the Mongolic languages .....................28 1.2.2. Standard Mongolic grammars and dictionaries ..........................31 1.2.3. Mongolic comparative and etymological dictionaries .....................32 1.2.4. Mongolic comparative grammars and grammatical syntheses...............33 1.3. History of descriptive and comparative research of the Tungusic languages ........33 1.3.0. Bibliographic survey of the Tungusic linguistics.........................33 1.3.1. Beginning of description of the Tungusic languages ......................34 1.3.2. -
Yiyu – a Sixteenth Century Sino-Mongol Glossary 3
YIYU – A SIXTEENTH CENTURY SINO-MONGOL GLOSSARY 3 Dedicated to the memory of Tamás Szendrei PREFACE rom a cultural anthropologist’s point of view one may paraphrase FClaude Lévy-Strauss by arguing that cultural links between the nomadic and the sedentary societies were based on the voluntary or unwilling exchange of words, goods and people of the opposite sex 1. The same description applies to the relationship between the nomadic peoples of the vast Inner Asian steppes and the subordinates of the Chinese sovereign of all times. The nature of these interactions is usually introduced quite stereotypically: the Chinese supplied the nomads with goods nomads were not able to produce, and in return nomads brought their livestock, raw material or handicraft to the Chinese. During these encounters – as a side effect – not only goods but people and words were exchanged as well. The exchange, or often trade in people (women and slaves) would have been more apparent to the contemporary observer than the mutual linguistic influence, sometimes resulting even in syntactic and morphologic, but most often lexical phenomena. The difference between the nomadic peoples and the Chinese was not only cultural nor was it only a question of adaptation to different environmental conditions; also there was a – merely coincidental – gap between the languages they commanded. Not many of the nomadic people appearing at the western or northernmost boundaries of the Chinese state were speakers of any of the Sino- Tibetan languages 2. Morphologically most of them ( Tabgach , Ruanruan 3, Turk , 1 LÉVY-STRAUSS, C.: Anthropologie structurale deux . Paris, 1973, p. -
Études Mongoles Et Sibériennes, Centrasiatiques Et Tibétaines, 46 | 2015 on the People of Khariad (Qariyad) 2
Études mongoles et sibériennes, centrasiatiques et tibétaines 46 | 2015 Études bouriates, suivi de Tibetica miscellanea On the people of Khariad (Qariyad) À propos du peuple Khariad (Qariyad) Tsongol B. Natsagdorj Electronic version URL: https://journals.openedition.org/emscat/2490 DOI: 10.4000/emscat.2490 ISSN: 2101-0013 Publisher Centre d'Etudes Mongoles & Sibériennes / École Pratique des Hautes Études Electronic reference Tsongol B. Natsagdorj, “On the people of Khariad (Qariyad)”, Études mongoles et sibériennes, centrasiatiques et tibétaines [Online], 46 | 2015, Online since 10 September 2015, connection on 13 July 2021. URL: http://journals.openedition.org/emscat/2490 ; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4000/emscat.2490 This text was automatically generated on 13 July 2021. © Tous droits réservés On the people of Khariad (Qariyad) 1 On the people of Khariad (Qariyad) À propos du peuple Khariad (Qariyad) Tsongol B. Natsagdorj Introduction Several provinces (aimag) of Mongolia, such as Khövsgöl, Zavkhan, Arkhangai and Bulgan, are home to a group of Khalkh Mongols who call themselves Khariad (Classic Mongolian qariyad). A well-known Mongolian ethnographer S. Badamkhatan described the process of formation of the clan (oboγ) and lineage (yasu) of the Khalkh Mongols, based on the fieldwork materials collected among the Khariads of Khövsgöl province. But unfortunately, the written source in Mongol, entitled ‘The History of the Ach Khariads’ (Ach Khariadyn tüükh), which was used by Badamkhatan was recently lost (BNMAU 1987, p. 38). In his work about Mongol clan names, A. Ochir wrote that ‘Khariads, among the Khalkh and Oirads, probably originate from the Buryats of the lake Baikal and had an eagle for a totem’ (Ochir 2008, pp. -
Competing Narratives Between Nomadic People and Their Sedentary Neighbours
COMPETING NARRATIVES BETWEEN NOMADIC PEOPLE AND THEIR SEDENTARY NEIGHBOURS Studia uralo-altaica 53 Redigunt Katalin Sipőcz András Róna-Tas István Zimonyi Competing Narratives between Nomadic People and their Sedentary Neighbours Papers of the 7th International Conference on the Medieval History of the Eurasian Steppe Nov. 9–12, 2018 Shanghai University, China Edited by Chen Hao Szeged, 2019 This publication was financially supported by the MTA-ELTE-SZTE Silk Road Research Group © University of Szeged, Department of Altaic Studies, Department of Finno-Ugrian Philology Printed in 2019 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by other means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission in writing of the author or the publisher. Printed by: Innovariant Ltd., H-6750 Algyő, Ipartelep 4. ISBN: 978-963-306-708-6 (printed) ISBN: 978-963-306-714-7 (pdf) ISSN: 0133 4239 Contents István Zimonyi Preface .......................................................................................................................................... 7 Augustí Alemany A Prosopographical Approach to Medieval Eurasian Nomads (II) .............................. 11 Tatiana A. Anikeeva Geography in the Epic Folklore of the Oghuz Turks ...................................................... 37 Ákos Bertalan Apatóczky Changes of Ethnonyms in the Sino-Mongol Bilingual Glossaries from the Yuan to the Qing Era ............................................................................................