Analysis of the Interaction Between Theory and Practice in Urban Planning: Understanding İzmir Experience

Analysis of the Interaction between Theory and Practice in Urban Planning: Understanding İzmir Experience By Nursen KAYA A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate School in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Department: City and Regional Planning Major: City Planning İzmir Institute of Technology İzmir, Turkey December, 2002 i We approve the thesis of Nursen KAYA Date of Signature ----------------------------------------------------- 09. 12. 2002 Assoc. Prof. Dr. Semahat ÖZDEMİR Supervisor Department of City and Regional Planning ----------------------------------------------------- 09. 12. 2002 Prof. Dr. Akın SÜEL Department of City and Regional Planning ----------------------------------------------------- 09. 12. 2002 Prof. Dr. Cemal ARKON Department of City and Regional Planning ----------------------------------------------------- 09. 12. 2002 Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ülker SEYMEN Department of City and Regional Planning ----------------------------------------------------- 09. 12. 2002 Assoc. Prof. Dr. Emel GÖKSU Department of City and Regional Planning ----------------------------------------------------- 09. 12. 2002 Prof. Dr. Akın SÜEL Head of Department ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank to my supervisor Assoc. Prof. Dr. Semahat Özdemir for her supervision, particularly for her support in the formation of the thesis structure and corrections of the text and for her encouragement throughout the study. I would also like to thank Prof. Dr. Akın Süel for his academic guidance and to Prof. Dr. Cemal Arkon for his advices in collection of the planning theory references. The case study part of this thesis is based on the municipality archives search and particularly on the newspaper search which has taken a period of three years. I specially thank to Gökhan Kutlu who participated in my newspaper search in the National Library of İzmir throughout this period. I also thank to Hasan Topal for his help to access the documents of the Metropolitan Municipality of İzmir. I would like to thank to İbrahim Tuğlu, Deniz Özkut and Yakup Eğercioğlu for their help in editing the texts and scanning the figures in computer and to Ömür Saygın for his help in fixing the computer problems. I also specially thank to Salih Dinleyici who helped me during the preparation of the final draft of the thesis. And, finally, special thanks to my family and particularly to my sister Birsen Kaya Tuğlu for her support in all respects. iii ABSTRACT Urban planning, as one of the factors in shaping the urban structure, aims to help to increase the quality of life both through making the necessary spatial arrangements and through development of the urban policies. However the interventions brought through this field of study and action have always been under discussion in terms of the need or success of this intervention. Accordingly one of the most ongoing discussions in planning literature covers the issues related to the theory and practice interaction with the aim to see the accordance or disaccordance between planned action and the real world of action and to help to clarify the need or success of this intervention. This thesis study is carried out with the aim to understand the interaction between theory and practice in urban planning. It aims to analyze whether the theory of planning guides to the practice of planning and whether the practice of planning shapes the urban structure. In other words it attempts to clarify the role of theory on practice of planning and the impacts of planning practice on urban structure. This study is formed of two main parts as the theoretical frame and the case study. In the first part the study presented the framework of planning theory and a short review of major theoretical approaches stated in planning literature. In the second part the study presented planning experiences of the city of İzmir through carrying out an analysis of planning practices in terms of theoretical background and implementation of planning decisions. The research method followed for carrying out of the study is mainly based on literature search, İzmir Metropolitan Municipality archives search, Yeni Asır newspaper search and on-site observations. This study found out that planning practices of İzmir had been generally guided by various theoretical approaches and these practices had performed many impacts on urban structure of İzmir. However it can not be claimed that the practice had been successfully guided by the theory or the practice had been successful to shape urban structure. Keywords: Planning Theory, Planning Practice, Theoretical Approaches, Planning in Turkey, Planning in İzmir, Urban Structure of İzmir, Prost, Danger, Le Corbusier, Aru, Bodmer. iv ÖZ Kentsel planlama kentsel yapıyı oluşturan faktörlerden biri olarak, gerek ortaya koyduğu mekansal düzenlemeler ve gerek geliştirdiği kentsel politikalar yoluyla yaşam kalitesini artırmayı hedeflemektedir. Ancak bu çalışma ve eylem alanının girişimleri gereklilik ve başarı ölçütleri açısından her zaman tartışma konusu olmaktadır. Planlama yazınındaki süregelen önemli tartışmalardan bir tanesi planlamada kuram ve pratik arasındaki ilişki ile ilgili olanıdır. Bu tartışmaların temel amacı planlı eylem ile gerçekleşen eylem arasındaki uyumu ya da uyumsuzluğu incelemek ve planlama girişimlerinin gerekliliğini ve başarısını netleştirmeye yardımcı olmaktır. Bu tez kentsel planlamada kuram ve pratik arasındaki ilişkiyi anlamak amacıyla ortaya konmuştur. Tez, planlama kuramının planlama pratiğine yol gösterip göstermediğini ve planlama pratiğinin kentsel mekanı şekillendirip şekillendirmediğini incelemektedir. Diğer bir deyimle planlama kuramının pratik üzerindeki etkisini ve pratiğin de kentsel yapı üzerindeki izlerini ortaya koymaktır. Bu çalışma kuramsal çerçeve ve örnek alan çalışması olmak üzere iki ana bölümden oluşmaktadır. Birinci bölümde planlama kuramının genel çerçevesi ve planlama yazınında rastlanılan önemli kuramsal yaklaşımlara yönelik kısa bir özet sunulmuştur. İkinci bölümde ise İzmirin planlama deneyimi planlama pratiğinin kuramsal temelleri ve planlama kararlarının uygulanması açılarından incelenmiştir. Çalışmada izlenen araştırma yöntemi temel olarak planlama yazınının incelenmesine, İzmir Büyükşehir Belediyesi arşivi ve Yeni Asır gazetesi araştırmaları ile mekandaki gözlemlere dayanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada İzmirin planlama çalışmalarının genel olarak çeşitli kuramsal yaklaşımlarla yönlendirildiği ve bu pratiğin kentsel yapı üzerinde pek çok izi olduğu görülmüştür. Ancak kuramın pratiği yönlendirmede ya da pratiğin kentsel mekanı şekillendirmede başarılı sonuçlar ortaya koyduğu iddia edilememektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Planlama Kuramı, Planlama Pratiği, Kuramsal Yaklaşımlar, Türkiyede Planlama, İzmir’de Planlama, İzmir’in Kentsel Yapısı, Prost, Danger, Le Corbusier, Aru, Bodmer. v TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES ....................................................................................................... xi LIST OF FIGURES ..................................................................................................... xii CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................ 1 1.1. Aim of the Study........................................................................................ 1 1.2. Problem Definition .................................................................................... 2 1.3. Guidelines for the Study: Statements and Assumptions ........................... 4 1.3.1. Assumptions on Planning Theory............................................... 4 1.3.2. Assumptions on Planning Practice ............................................. 5 1.3.3. Assumptions on Planning Theory - Planning Practice Interaction ................................................................................. 6 1.3.4. Assumptions on Planning Practice Urban Structure Interaction ................................................................................. 10 1.4. Methodology ............................................................................................. 11 1.4.1. Theoretical Frame: Analysis of Planning Theory ...................... 12 1.4.2. The Case Study: Analysis of the Planning Practices of İzmir ... 13 CHAPTER 2. THE FRAMEWORK OF PLANNING THEORY ............................... 20 2.1. Definitions and Typologies ....................................................................... 20 2.2. Theory ....................................................................................................... 20 2.3. Planning Theory ........................................................................................ 21 2.4. Theories of Planning ................................................................................. 23 2.5. Typologies of Theories of Planning .......................................................... 25 2.5.1. Typologies Based on Explanatory-Normative Division ............ 25 2.5.2. Typologies Based on Substantive-Procedural Division ............. 28 2.5.3. Typologies By Advancing Substantive-Procedural Division .................................................................................... 30 2.5.4. Typologies Concentrated on Procedural Theories ..................... 34 2.6. Procedural and Physical Planning Approaches in the Framework of Planning Theory ................................................................................... 40 vi CHAPTER 3. MAJOR THEORETICAL APPROACHES AND PRACTICES OF PLANNING ........................................................................................

Load more