T.C. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Arkeoloji Ana Bilim Dali Pisidia, Pamphylia Ve Lykia

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T.C. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Arkeoloji Ana Bilim Dali Pisidia, Pamphylia Ve Lykia T.C. SÜLEYMAN DEMİREL ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ ARKEOLOJİ ANA BİLİM DALI PISIDIA, PAMPHYLIA VE LYKIA BÖLGESİ ROMA İMPARATORLUK DÖNEMİ (MS 1.-3. YÜZYILLAR) SİKKE DOLAŞIMI ESRA TÜTÜNCÜ 1130231008 YÜKSEK LİSANS TEZİ DANIŞMAN Yrd. Doç. Dr. Hüseyin KÖKER Isparta 2017 (TÜTÜNCÜ, Esra, Pisidia, Pamphylia ve Lykia Bölgesi Roma İmparatorluk Dönemi Sikke Sirkülasyonu, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Isparta, 2017) ÖZET Bu yüksek lisans çalışmasında Pisidia, Pamphylia ve Lykia Bölgesi‟nde bulunan ve sikke buluntuları yayımlanan kentlerin, Roma İmparatorluk Dönemi‟ne ait sikkelerinin dolaşımı ve dolaşıma sebep olan unsurları ele alınmıştır. Ayrıca Anadolu‟da sikkeleri yayımlanan önemli merkezler, müze katalogları ve definelere bakılarak, Pisidia, Pamphylia ve Lykia Bölgesi‟nde bulunan kentlerin sikke dolaşımı da incelenmiştir. Böylece bölgelerin Roma İmparatorluk Dönemi‟nde siyasi, sosyal ilişkileri irdelenerek, kentlerin ekonomideki yerine değinilmiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Pisidia, Pamphylia, Lykia, Roma Eyalet Şehir Sikkeleri, Dolaşım i (TÜTÜNCÜ, Esra, Coin Circulation at Pisidia, Pamphylia and Lykia in Roman Imperial Period (A.D. 1st-3rd Centuries), Master Thesis, Isparta, 2017) ABSTRACT In this master degree thesis, the circulation of Roman Provincial coins of the cities that are located in Pisidia, Pamphylia and Lykia regions and brought out their coins and the factors caused the movement are discussed. Besides, the important centers which brought out their coins in Anatolia and the circulation of coins of the cities located in Pisidia, Pamhylia and Lykia regions have also been analyzed by looking over the museum catalogues, hoards and coin found in excavations. Therefore, by scrutinising the political and social relations of the regions in Roman Imperial Period, the importance of the cities in economics is touched on. Key Words: Pisidia, Pamphylia, Lykia, Roman Provincial Coins, Circulation ii ÖZET……………………………………………………………………………………İ ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………………………….İİ İÇİNDEKİLER…….………………………………………………..…………………İİİ KISALTMALAR………………………………………………………………….……V ÖN SÖZ……….………………………………………………………………………..Vİ GĠRĠġ ........................................................................................................................................ 1 BĠRĠNCĠ BÖLÜM .................................................................................................................... 4 1. ANTĠK DÖNEMDE SĠKKE DOLAġIMI ...................................................................... 4 1.1.Anadolu‟da Sikke Buluntuları Yayımlanan Önemli Merkezlerdeki Sikke Dolaşımı ...... 4 1.2. Sikke Dolaşımına Sebep Olan Ana Etkenler .............................................................. 8 1.2.1. Ticari Unsurlar ..................................................................................................... 8 1.2.2. Dini Unsurlar ........................................................................................................ 9 1.2.3. Askeri Unsurlar .................................................................................................. 10 ĠKĠNCĠ BÖLÜM .................................................................................................................... 11 2. PISIDIA BÖLGESĠ ........................................................................................................ 11 2.1. Pisidia Bölgesi‟nde Sikke Basan Kentler .............................................................. 11 2.2. Pisidia Bölgesi‟nde Sikke Dolaşımına Sebep Olan Unsurlar ................................ 19 2.2.1. Pisidia Bölgesi Antik Dönem Yol Ağı ............................................................... 19 2.2.2. Pisidia Bölgesi‟nde Düzenlenen Agonlar .......................................................... 22 2.2.3. Pisidia Bölgesi Kentleri Homonoia Anlaşmaları ............................................... 24 2.3. Buluntular Işığında Pisidia Bölgesi‟ndeki Sikke Dolaşımı ................................ 25 2.3.1. Sagalassos Antik Kenti Roma İmparatorluk Dönemi Sikke Buluntuları ........... 26 2.3.2. Klaudia Seleukeia (Sidera) Antik Kenti Roma İmparatorluk Dönemi Sikke Buluntuları ........................................................................................................................ 33 2.3.3. Arpalık Tepe Kutsal Alanı Roma İmparatorluk Dönemi Sikke Buluntuları...... 35 2.4. Pisidia Bölgesi Kentlerinin Sikkelerinin Bulunduğu Diğer Merkezler ................. 38 ÜÇÜNCÜ BÖLÜM ................................................................................................................ 40 3. PAMPHYLIA BÖLGESĠ ................................................................................................. 40 3.1. Pamphylia Bölgesi‟nde Sikke Basan Kentler ................................................................ 40 3.2. Pamphylia Bölgesi‟nde Sikke Dolaşımına Sebep Olan Unsurlar ................................. 42 3.2.1. Pamphylia Bölgesi Antik Dönem Yol Ağı ............................................................. 42 iii 3.2.2. Pamphylia Bölgesi‟nde Düzenlenen Agonlar ......................................................... 46 3.2.3. Pamphylia Bölgesi Kentleri Homonoia Anlaşmaları .............................................. 47 3.3. Buluntular Işığında Pamphylia Bölgesi‟ndeki Sikke Dolaşımı ................................ 48 3.3.1.Perge Antik Kenti Roma İmparatorluk Dönemi Sikke Buluntuları ......................... 48 3.3.2. Side Antik Kenti Roma İmparatorluk Dönemi Sikke Buluntuları .......................... 56 3.3.3. Sillyon Antik Kenti Roma İmparatorluk Dönemi Sikke Buluntuları ..................... 63 3.3.4. Hecht Definesi ........................................................................................................ 65 3.4. Pamphylia Bölgesi Sikkelerinin Bulunduğu Diğer Merkezler .................................. 66 DÖRDÜNCÜ BÖLÜM .......................................................................................................... 68 4. LYKIA BÖLGESĠ .......................................................................................................... 68 4.1. Lykia Bölgesinde Sikke Darp Eden Kentler .......................................................... 68 4.2. Lykia Bölgesi‟nde Sikke Dolaşımına Sebep Olan Unsurlar .................................. 69 4.2.1. Lykia Bölgesi Antik Dönem Yol Ağı ................................................................ 69 4.2.2. Lykia Bölgesi‟nde Düzenlenen Agonlar ............................................................ 72 4.2.3. Lykia Bölgesi Homonoia Anlaşmaları ............................................................... 73 4.3. Buluntular Işığında Lykia Bölgesi‟ndeki Sikke Dolaşımı ................................. 73 4.3.1. Arykanda‟da Bulunan Roma İmparatorluk Dönemi Sikke Buluntuları ............. 73 4.3.2. Myra/Andriake Antik Kenti Roma İmparatorluk Dönemi Sikke Buluntuları ........................................................................................................................ 80 4.3.3. Patara Antik Kenti Roma İmparatorluk Dönemi Sikke Buluntuları .................. 83 4.3.4. Limyra Antik Kenti Roma İmparatorluk Dönemi Sikke Buluntuları ................ 84 4.4. Lykia Bölgesi sikkelerinin Bulunduğu Diğer Merkezler ................................... 85 SONUÇ VE DEĞERLENDĠRME ........................................................................................ 86 KAYNAKÇA .......................................................................................................................... 92 ÖZGEÇMĠġ .......................................................................................................................... 114 iv KISALTMALAR bkz. bakınız C: Cilt çev. Çeviren dn. dipnot Har. Harita Lev. Levha MÖ. Milattan Önce MS. Milattan Sonra no. Numara s. sayfa Vol. Volume v ÖN SÖZ Anadolu, sikkenin ilk icat edildiği topraktır. Bazı kentler, erken dönemlerden itibaren sikke darp ederken bazı kentler ilk sikkelerini Roma İmparatorluk Dönemi‟nde basmışlardır. Kentler, siyasi, sosyal ve ekonomik sebepler nedeniyle sürekli iletişim halinde olmuş, bu durum da sikkelerin hareket etmesine sebep olmuştur. Tez kapsamına Pisidia, Pamphylia ve Lykia Bölgesi‟nde bulunan kentlerin Roma İmparatorluk Dönemi sikkeleri ele alınmış ve bu dönem sikkelerinin dolaşımı incelenmiştir. Ayrıca Anadolu‟da sikke buluntuları yayımlanan önemli kent merkezleri ve müze katalogları da taranarak Pisidia, Pamphylia ve Lykia Bölgesi‟nde bulunan kent sikkelerinin dağılım alanları tespit edilmiştir. Bu bağlamda sikke dolaşımına sebep olması muhtemel etkenler de tez kapsamına alınmıştır. Öncelikle büyük bir titizlik ve özveri ile beni yönlendiren, yardımlarını esirgemeyen, danışmanlığımı üstlenen Yrd. Doç. Dr. Hüseyin Köker‟e içtenlikle teşekkür ederim. Tez çalışmam sırasında pek çok kişinin desteğini gördüm. Zaman ayırıp, değerli görüşleriyle ve önerileriyle beni yönlendiren Doç. Dr. A. Tolga Tek, Doç. Dr. Dinçer Savaş Lenger, Yrd. Doç. Dr. Hacer Sancaktar‟a teşekkür ederim. Çalışmalarım, Berlin Freie Üniversitesi, İstanbul Alman Arkeoloji Enstitüsü, Akdeniz Medeniyetleri Araştırma Enstitüsü ve Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi kütüphanesinde bulunan kaynaklardan yararlanılarak tamamlanmıştır. Kütüphane çalışmalarım sırasında Akdeniz Medeniyetleri Araştırma Enstitüsü çalışanı Remziye Boyraz-Seyhan‟a; Alman Arkeoloji Enstitüsü çalışanı Ali Akkaya‟ya ve Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi kütüphanesi görevlilerine teşekkür ederim. Varlıklarıyla güç veren, maddi-manevi desteklerini esirgemeyen aileme teşekkür ederim. Bu tez, 4079-YL1-14
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