Christianizing Asia Minor Paul Mckechnie Index More Information

Home , Antioch of Pisidia, Arycanda, Docimium, Kolbasa, Lake Tuz, Laodicea on the Lycus

Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-48146-5 — Christianizing Asia Minor Paul McKechnie Index More Information

Index

1 John, New Testament epistle, 51, 56, 118 Alexander son of Antonios, 148, 150, 1 Peter, New Testament epistle, 51, 213 165–6, 210, 247 1 Timothy, New Testament epistle, 152 Alexander, bishop of Jerusalem, 214 4 Ezra, 100 Alexander, martyr, 117 Alexandria, 27, 51, 167, 193, 214, 216 ab epistulis, 76, 177 Alexandros aka Artemon, 192 Abdul Hamid, 150, 158 Alexandros son of Domnos, 242 Aberkios stone, 157, 179 Alexandros son of Epigonos, 199 Aberkios, bishop of Hierapolis, 16, 45, 127, Alexandros son of Gaios, 199, 223, 293 131, 137, 139, 147–65, 207, 210, 221, Alexandros son of Menekrates, 220, 290 228, 240, 244, 246–7, 263–87 alimentary schemes, 180 Abgar VIII, 162 Allexandreia, 235 Abraham, bishop of Seleucia-Ctesiphon, 62 Allexandros, 235 Abras, presbyter, 256 aloes, 55 Abris, bishop of Seleucia-Ctesiphon, 62 Alphios, presbyter, 256 Achaean/s, 69 Anaitis, 41 Acts of St Trophimus, 199 Ancyra, 18, 30, 127–8, 146, 188–9, 259, Adana, 72 308 Adıgüzel Dam, 99 angel/s, 4, 20, 25, 31–2, 85, 94, 96–7, 103, Adrianople, 258 111, 130, 153, 155, 161, 173, 184–5, aedicula, 155 227–8, 287 Aegean, 8 Anicetus, bishop of Rome, 79, 82 Aelius Aristides, 86 Aniketos, 257 Aelius Glykon, 65 Anne, Queen, 79 Aelius Publius Julius, 116, 131 anonymous anti-Montanist writer, 100–2, aeons, 70 106, 108, 120, 126, 128, 131, 144, 158 Africa, 97, 101, 129–30, 164, 213, 255 anti-Marcionite prologue, 55 Afyonkarahisar, 166, 215, 234, 291 antimony, 108 Ağa Bey Köyü, 141 Antinoopolis, 181 Agelius, 256 Antioch in Syria, 15, 69, 78, 89–90, 92 Aither, 30 Antioch of Pisidia, 7, 18–19, 76, 79, 89–90, Alexander of Seleucia (Alexander the Clay- 92, 167, 187, 200, 229–30, 234, 236 Plato), 85 Antiochene Christianity, 78

317

318 Index

Antiochus III, 35, 37 Arsaces, king of Armenia, 11 Antiochus of Ascalon, 26 Arsinous, 128 Antipater of Derbe, 187, 190 Artemas, Aurelius, 224, 295 Antonia Tryphaena, 92 Artemidoros, son of Eiason, Aurelius, 223, Antonine age, 1, 161 226 Antoninus Pius Augustus (= Caracalla), Artemidorus, 138, 206 Roman emperor, 140 Artemidorus, bishop of Temenothyrae, 108, Antoninus Pius, Roman emperor, 77, 82, 143–4 85, 100, 112, 157, 181 Artemis, 29, 31, 184, 260, 277 Antonios Pollion, 223 Artemon, 196, 203–5, 208 Antonios Tryphonianos, M. Aurelius, 219 Artemon, son of Auxanon, Aurelius, 203–5 Apameia Cibotus (= Dinar), 116, 131, 161, Artemon, son of Olympichos, 188–91 187, 215 Artemonis, Aurelia, 192, 194 Aphrodisia, 211 Arycanda, 253 apocalyptic thinking, 26, 94, 100, 161 ascetic/s, 61, 126, 258 Apollinaris of Laodicea, 53 Asclepiades, bishop of Antioch, 132 Apollinarius, bishop of Hierapolis, 63–4 Asclepiades, clergyman of Temenothyrae, Apollo, 41, 102, 168, 249, 264 137 Apollo Lairbenos, 4 Asclepiades, son of Alexandros, Aurelius, Apollo, Klarian, 30 194 Apollonia by Pisidia, 187–96 Asclepiodora, Aurelia, 224, 295 Apollonios of Tyana, 195 Asia, Lower, 84 Apollonios son of Olympichos, 188–9, 194, Asia, province of, 2, 10, 19, 48, 63, 69, 79, 196 188, 190, 201, 216, 220, 225, 288–9 Apollonios/Olympichos family, 191, 195–6 Asiana, civil diocese, 11 Apollonius, 59–60, 100, 108, 128, 131, 142 Asiarch/s, 87, 171, 219–20, 225, 290 apologetic, 64, 85, 123, 198 Aspasius, presbyter, 130 Aponius Saturninus, 39 assize-centre/s, 201 apostate, 85, 208 Assyria, 37, 160 Apostolic Constitutions, 111 Assyrian/s, 6, 69 Apotactites, 257 Asterius Urbanus, 106, 110 Appe, 242 Atahualpa, 88 Apphia, daughter of Phrougios, Aurelia, Atalante, Aelia, 223, 292 222, 292 atheist/s, 87, 253 Appia, 234, 236, 238 Athenian/s, 69 aqueducts, 84, 142 Athens, 50, 52, 68, 85, 175–6, 192, 248, Aquila, Bible translator, 41 303 archives, 220 atonement, 5 archpriest/s, 167, 287 Attalia, 72, 161, 280 Ardabau, 103–4, 112, 116, 128, 139 Attalus, 126 Ardath, Ardab, Ardap, 100 Attalus III, king of Pergamum, 190 Arian/s, 258 Attica, 75 Aridaios, ﬁctional shoemaker, 173, 175, Atticus Heliodorus, 200 186, 273 Attis, 5 Aristeas son of Apollonios, 212 augurs, 177, 278 Aristeas, from Acmonia, 212 Augustine, bishop of Hippo, 97, 112 Ariston, Aurelius, 224–5, 233, 294–6 Augustus (= Caesar Augustus, Roman Aristotle, 174–5 emperor), 188, 191, 288 Armenia, 11, 55, 61, 70–1, 93, 100 Aulon, 183, 187, 285 army, 10, 124, 141, 169, 215, 217–18, 242, Aurelius Ariston, 224 251–2, 267, 277, 281 autonomy, 3

Index 319

Auxanon son of Dometios, 204 Caesar, 35, 84, 86, 88, 140, 168, 189, 213, Auxanon Zoulakios, Aurelius, 204 249, 278 Auxanon, also known as Helladios, 219 Caesarea, 49 Auxanon, son of Auxanon, Aurelius, 203 Caesarea Maritima, 1, 14, 46, 48, 72, 214, Avida, 172–4 262 Avidius Cassius, 64 Caesarea Mazaca, 7, 61, 254 Avircius Marcellus (= Aberkios, bishop of Callidromus (= Leucas), 157 Hierapolis), 127, 147, 166, 185, 240 Callimachus, 27 Axylon district, 27 Çançavuş, 152 candlestick, seven-branched, 43 Babylas, bishop of Antioch, 214 Cappadocia, Cappadocian/s, 3, 6, 15, 61–3, Babylon, 35, 153 69, 142, 176, 189–90, 262 Baghdad, 63 Caracalla, Roman emperor, 135, 140, 190, baptism, 25, 53, 82, 94, 255, 258, 266–7, 269 198 barbarian/s, 259–60, 281 Caria, Carian/s, 7, 10, 29, 99, 170, 216, Barchasanes, 162, 181, 284 225, 269, 297 Bardaisan, 162, 181–2 Caricus, 131, 134 Barnabas, 10, 72, 76 carpet-weavers, 66 Basil, bishop of Caesarea in Cappadocia, carriage/s, 80, 154, 161–2, 182 61–2, 254, 262 Çarşamba, 156–7 Basilica of St. Paul at Antioch of Pisidia, 167 Carthage, 89, 112, 129–30, 163, 214, 216, basilica/s, 112, 121, 143, 167, 257–8 301, 315 Basse, 222, 293 Castelios, 92 Bassianus, 177–8 Castrius Constans, 218, 225, 296 bath/s, 23, 36, 140, 168, 176–7, 184–5, Cataphrygian/s, 112 196, 214, 275–6, 283 catechumen/s, 208 beheading, 203 Cathari, 255–6 Beichtinschrift/en, 4–5, 29 catholic, 79, 83, 128 Berger, Peter L., 13–14, 86–8, 195, 246–8 Celsus, 87, 102–4, 196, 207 Berytus, 14 Celtic language, 10 Bible, 27, 33, 37, 41, 73, 97, 152, 164, 227 Çeltikçi, 155, 157, 240 biography, 91, 166 Cenchreae, 72 Bithynia, 6–8, 10, 46, 81, 101, 250, 259 Cephas, 89 Black Sea, 116, 305 Cerdon, bishop of Alexandria, 51 Blandina, 117 Chairotopa, 184 Bollandist/s, 182 Chalcedon, Council of, 167, 311 Book of the Laws of Countries, 171–5, 186 Chalkis (Euboea), 41 Boradi, 259 Charis, deity, 41 Bozan Köyü, 30 charismatic renewal movement, 131 Bradon, 203 charitable foundation/s, 180–1 British Academy, 156 Cheshire cat, 185 Buckingham Palace, 74, 76 Chicago, 24–5 burial, 8, 55, 66, 84, 88, 121–2, 143, 164, chicken/s, 5 212–13, 215–29, 233, 244, 288–96 chief magistrate, 40 Burrhus, deacon, 59, 76 children’s children curse, 40–1 Bursa Museum, 241 Chonai, 185 business agent, 219, 223, 225–6 Christ, 35, 77, 82, 106, 109, 117, 144, 152, Byzantium, 12–13, 177, 279 154, 226, 267, 269, 272, 274–5, 285 Christianization, 67, 175 Caecilius Natalis, M, 197 Christians for Christians, 16, 232–45, 233 Caecilius Numa, M., 177 Christology, 21

320 Index

chronology, 55–6, 100, 255 Constantine, Roman emperor, 208, 213, Chrysopolis, 12 217, 238, 240, 245, 249, 254, 256–9, Chrysos son of Domnos, 242 262 Chrysos son of Kyrillos, 242 Constantinian age, 242 church of Constantine and Helena, Uşak, Constantinople, 12–13, 17, 167, 182, 256, 132 258, 261 church of St Michael, Colossae/Chonai, 185 Constantius II, Roman emperor, 11, 258 Church of the Holy Apostles, constitutio Antoniniana, 132, 166 Constantinople, 182 continuity, 63, 185 Chuza, procurator, 76 conventus-centre/s, 92, 201 Cibalae (Vinkovci), 261 convert/s, 31–2, 99, 102 Cicero, 27, 187–90 Coptic, 90 Cilicia, 59, 72, 101, 183, 187–90, 285 Corinth, 72, 80 Cilician/s, 187–9 corn-buyer/s, 40 circumcision, 28, 35 Cornelianus, 177, 181, 264–78, 281, 283–4 Cirta, 197–8 Cornelius Dolabella, P, 178 citizenship, 43, 64, 108, 135, 152, 160, 163, Cornelius Lentulus Spinther, P., 178 211, 247 cosmic frame of reference, 13 city council/s, 35, 196, 203, 207–10, 220, Cotiaeum, 234, 238, 256 247, 264 Cotys IX, king of Lesser Armenia, 93 civic institutions, 2–3 Cotys VIII, king of Thrace, 92 Claros, 102 council membership, 196–7 Claudian, 8 Council of Phrygian Laodicea, 145 Claudius Euxenos, Ti., 171 councillor/s, 11–13, 197–9, 202–9, 223, Claudius Pollio, Q. (= Euxeinianos), 171 225, 243, 251–3, 264, 288–96 Claudius Ptolemy, 99 counterculture, 147 Claudius, Roman emperor, 76 country, 2, 81, 170, 176, 183, 187, 254, Clazomenae, 69, 86 260, 269, 275 Clement of Rome, 51 crank and connecting rod, 57 Cleopatra VII, queen of Egypt, 72 Cretan/s, 261 clergy, 59, 72, 89, 95, 128, 132–8, 144–6, critical realism, 13 151, 156, 167, 196, 224–5, 240–1, Crocus, 59, 76 243, 247, 257, 261–2 cross/es, 133, 135, 137, 155, 193–6, clerkship of the market, 40 235–40, 249 coin/s, 23, 31, 171, 180, 190, 219–20, 233, crown/s, 137, 156, 208, 251 257 cultural transformation, 72, 247 coinage, 3, 171 curiales, 187–209 coloni, 139, 190 curse/s, 39–42, 212, 219, 289 Colossae, 6, 20–32, 34–5, 44, 184–5 curse-formulae, 8 Colossians (New Testament epistle), 20–35, curses written in Deuteronomy, 40 43, 46 Cürük Su, 185 Commagene, 188 Cybele, 5, 102, 171, 184, 316 commandment/s, 176, 274 Cydnus river, 72 Commodus, Roman emperor, 100, 123, Cynic/s, 25–6, 31 125, 178 Cyprian, bishop of Carthage, 7, 112, 214 communion, 133–6, 167, 208, 255 Cyprus, 72, 76 concord (ὁμόνοια), 74, 284 Cyrenius (= Quirinius), Aurelius, 213 confession, 4, 235 Cyzicus, 93 Conon, gardener, 63 Constans, Roman emperor, 11 Dalmatius, Roman emperor, 11 Constantine II, Roman emperor, 260 Danube river, 179, 260

Index 321

Daoukome, 236 Dolabella, P., ﬁctional governor of Phrygia Daphne, 249–50, 284 Salutaris, 168, 263, 279 Day of Judgement, 228 Dometios, 203–4 deacon/s, 46–8, 59, 72, 113, 166, 256, 258, Domitian, Roman emperor, 52, 56 269, 286–7 Domitius Modestus, praetorian prefect of Deborah, 105 the East, 261 decennium mirabile, 139 Domna, 205, 235 Decian persecution, 63, 80, 85, 215–16, 255 Domna, Julia, Augusta, 205 Decius, Roman emperor, 168–9, 214, 221 Domne, 40 Deity/deities, 30, 105, 108, 212 Domne, daughter of Doulos, Aurelia, 204–6 Demades son of Dionysogenes, 39 Domne, daughter of Heuremon, Aurelia, Demetrios, Aurelius, 294 203 Demetrius, bishop, 213 Domnos, 242 demon/s, 111, 116, 131, 169, 177–9, 183, Donatist/s, 97 202, 221, 248, 266–7, 270, 276–84, door-keeper/s, 258 286 doorstone/s, 133–6, 138, 147, 155, 215 Depth (βυθός), the beginning of all things, 70 Dorotheos, son of Abirkios, Aurelius, 166 Derbe, 18–19, 72, 187, 189–90 Dorylaeum, 6, 99, 259 Derby, 115 Dorymedon, 197, 199–203, 209, 249 Deukome, 236 Doudousa, daughter of Menneas, 257 deutero-Pauline texts, 22, 34 Doulos, son of Diogenes, 204–6, 241 devil, the, 129, 174, 177, 179, 276 dregs of all things, 73 dialogue/s, 171–6, 198, 203 Drusus Caesar, 188 diaspora, Jewish, 37, 66 duoviri, 190, 251 dice, 108 duumvir, 197, 251 Didache, 74 dyeing, 57 Didyma, 29, 102, 312 dyer/s, 57–8, 65 Diocletian, Roman emperor, 10, 57, 66, 162, 168, 200, 208, 217–18, 225, earthquake of 178, 86 249–51 earthquake of 60, 23–4 Diodotos, 221, 292 eastern provinces, 180, 255 Diogas, bishop of Temenothyrae, 108, ecclesiastic/s, 258, 260 132–6, 143–4, 147, 155, 206–7 ecclesiology, 21 Diogenes the Christian, 205–6, 241 Echidna, deity, 184 Diomedes son of Markeianos, 235 Edessa, 162, 175, 182, 301–2, 312 Diomedes son of Tieos, 256 Edict of Milan, 243 Diomsith, 36 education, 9, 58, 64, 111, 163, 173, 176, Dionysios, 222, 293 207 Dionysis, Aurelia, 221, 224, 291, 296 Egyptian/s, 8, 69 Dionysius, bishop of Alexandria, 214–16 eirenarch/s, 40 Dionysopolis, 224 Eleazar b. ‘Arak, rabbi, 36–7 Diophantos, priest, 257 elemental spirits, 25 Dioscuri, 200 elements (earth, water, air, ﬁre), 25, 28 dis manibus, 210 Eleutherus, bishop of Rome, 118–19 disciple whom Jesus loved, 56 Elijah, prophet, 37 disciple/s, 53, 55–6, 60, 69, 88, 150–2, 160, Elvira, Council of, 168, 197, 208 163, 286 Emircik, 219, 226, 289 DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), 19 Emmaus, 36 Docetist/s, 70 encratite/s, 94 Docimium, 125, 190 Endymion, 185 Dokimos, 190 England, 115

322 Index

entertainment, 124–5, 189 Eutychos, 236 Epaphras, 23, 46 Euxeinianos (Pollio), 168, 170–7, 182, Ephesians (New Testament epistle), 21–4, 269–80 34–5, 43–4 exorcism, 116, 278 Ephesus, 2, 34, 46–9, 58–61, 72, 76, 78, 90, exorcist/s, 258 97, 161, 177, 221, 259–60, 277, 288 eye salve, 33 Epicurean/s, 79 epidemic/s, 124, 168 Fabian, bishop of Rome, 214 epigraphy/ical, 4, 8, 27, 29, 181, 188, 201, faith, 56, 68, 99, 117, 125, 128–9, 151–4, 206 158, 162–3, 229–30, 260, 267–72, Epiphaneia, 72 276, 286 Epiphanius, bishop of Salamis, 62, 100, familia Caesaris, 15, 157 103, 106–7, 112, 116, 144 father of the Christians, 80, 182 episcopate, 70, 252 Faustina I, Augusta, 180 Epistle to Diognetus, 83 Faustina II, Augusta, 168, 171, 176, 181, Epitropus, 75 277, 281–3 Epitynchanos, 236 Favorinus of Arles, 86 Equal of the Apostles (ἰσαπόστολος), 182, Felicitas, 213 263, 285, 287 female elder/s, 145 equestrian/s, 202 festival/s, 28, 66 Erinius Dionysius (= [V]erinius?), 200 fine/s, 38, 66, 164, 211, 220–1, 223, 229 Erinyes, 41 firewood, 196 escape hatch/es, 146 First-Gaters, 212 eschatology, 21, 161 fisc/fiscus (Roman state treasury), 151, 164, estate/s, 3, 61, 98, 141–2, 181, 229–30, 234 211, 220, 286 ethics, 25 fish, 5, 151, 154, 163, 179, 222, 234, 244, Ethiopic language, 90 286 Etruscan/s, 177 Flaccus, bishop of Hierapolis, 167 Eucharist, 25, 133, 136, 154, 163–4 flamen/flamines, 208 Eugenios, M. Ioulios, bishop of Burnt Flavias, 72 Laodicea, 251–7 Flavius Alexander, T., 40 Eugraphios, 257 Flavius Amphikles, T., 41 Eukarpos, son of Hermes, 211 Florinus, 84–6 Eumelos son of Markeianos, Aurelius, 235 folk belief, 31 Eumeneia, 31, 60, 199, 202, 210–31, 234, food, 28, 53, 77, 161, 180–1, 183, 264, 244, 289–91, 293–6 283–4 Eumeneian formula, 42, 201, 210–31, fortress/es, 35, 163 234–5, 243–4, 288–96 Fox, George, 115 Euphrates river, 151, 153, 160–2, 284, 286 Franciscus Junius the elder, 91 Euplus, 59, 76 free will, 173–6, 273–5 Eusebius of Caesarea, 46–7, 49–51, 55, 60, frontier/s, 7, 124, 156, 179 62, 64, 69, 71, 81–2, 84, 99–102, Fronto, 76 104–6, 109, 111, 117–18, 120, 126–7, Frugi, 170 131, 141, 144, 175, 182, 217, 228, frumentarii, 141 248–51, 253, 259, 262 fuller/s, 207 Eusebius of Nicomedia, 258 funerary practice/s, 232 Euthymius, hegumenus Pepuzentium, 142 Eutropos, 221, 291 Gaiane, wife of T. Flavius Alexander, 40 Eutyches, 155–7, 208, 224, 240 Gaios, business agent, 226–8 Eutyches, son of Hermos, Aurelius (aka Gaios, son of Eutyches, Aurelius, 224, 295 Helix), 199 Gaius, copyist, 80

Index 323

Galatia, 6–8, 10–11, 18–20, 28–30, 72, Great Persecution, ix, 17, 217, 245, 256–7 127, 188–9, 260 Greek language, 10, 34, 37, 43, 64, 70, 75, Galatian/s, 6, 18–20, 38, 188, 195 101, 130, 139, 168–70, 173, 175–6, Galatians (New Testament epistle), 6, 182, 188, 198, 260 18–19, 89 greetings, 34, 76 Galerius, Roman emperor, 218, 249–50, Gregory, bishop of Neocaesarea, aka 253–4 Theodorus, 1–2, 14, 58, 215–16, 259 Galileans, 180 Gregory, bishop of Nyssa, 14, 61 Gallia Lugdunensis, 117 Gregory, uncle of Basil, bishop of Caesarea, Gallienus, Roman emperor, 80, 200, 61 213–14, 216, 219, 249, 260, 296 guilt, 4, 86 games, 65, 208 gymnasiarch/s, 194, 196 gamester/s, 214 gymnasium, 196 gaming-board/s, 108 Gaul, 117–18, 124, 126, 255 Hades, 227 Gediz, 155 Hadrian, Roman emperor, 50–2, 56, 86, Gemellos son of Menas, Aurelius, 199 100, 181, 223 generation-lengths, 194 Haggai, 38 Gentile/s, 28, 31–2, 35, 44, 77–9, 265, 270 hagiography, 14, 166 George the Sinner, 55 Hannibalianus, 11 German/s, 64, 151, 277 haruspices, 249 Germanicus Caesar, 188–9, 192–4 Haustafel/n, 22 Germanos, 257 Hebrew language, 37, 42–3 Geta Caesar, Roman emperor, 139 Hebrews (New Testament epistle), 152 Gibbon, Edward, 1 Hekate, 29 gladiator/s, 123–5, 129 Helbọ (rabbi), 36 Gnostic/s, 70–1 Helios, 213 Godfearers, 30, 35, 44 Helix, 199, 208 godlessness, 153, 180 Helladios, 219, 290 gold, 27, 32–3, 66, 121, 151, 153, 157, 286 Hellene/s, 69 Golden Rule, 174 Hellenistic, 3, 19, 36, 65, 137, 163, 187, good news, 68 299, 308 Gordian knot, 63 Hellespont, 6 gospel, 6, 18, 20, 25, 51, 54–6, 62, 110, henotheism, 31 114, 127, 178, 206, 248, 267, 270 Heortasios Ioulianos, Aurelius, 38, 66 Goth/s, 8, 216, 225, 259–61 heresiology/ical, 105 govenor/s, 187 heresy, 77, 114, 116, 126, 129, 138, 167, governor/s, 35, 84–8, 92, 117, 141, 169, 244, 255–6, 284 189, 200–3, 209, 213–14, 216, 218, heretic/s, 84–5, 107, 111, 130, 240, 255 225, 248, 250, 253, 259, 262, 265, Hermes, 10, 39, 211, 221, 291 279, 283, 296 Hermus valley, 6, 132 Gratus, 99–101 Herod Antipas, 76 grave-altar/s, 159, 179, 226, 228, 233, 236, Herodes, 84–8 241 Herodotus, 8 grave-crowning, 66 hero-shrine/s, 212, 220, 222, 224–9, 289–96 grave-site/s, 66 Hesiod, 27 gravestone/s, 9, 40–2, 57, 65–6, 132–9, Heuremon, son of Likinios, 203 147–66, 168, 179, 185, 194–5, 197, Hexapla, 41 203–8, 210–15, 219–27, 229, 232–45, Hierapolis (Kastabala), 72 256–7, 262, 288–96 Hierapolis (Koçhisar), 45, 127, 131, Great Church, 31, 111, 116, 131–2, 145, 239 147–65, 170–1, 176, 187, 246

324 Index

Hierapolis (Pamukkale), 4, 38, 44, 99, 131, Irenaeus, bishop of Lyon, 50–3, 55, 79–80, 159, 165, 241 84–5, 88, 117, 119 high culture, 32 iron broom, 39 highlands, 3, 261 Isauria, 156–7 Hilarianus, 213 Ishmael, rabbi, 37 hippodrome/s, 179–80, 282–3 Isidore, 167 Hippolytus, 108 Israel, 28, 36–7, 43, 73, 227 Historia Augusta, 195 İstanbul, 233 historicity, 182, 247–8 Ister river (= Danube), 260 historiography, 19 Italy, 15, 59, 112, 181, 255, 278 Holy and Just (the god Hosios kai Dikaios), 30 Jacob, patriarch, 227 Holy Land, 28, 37 James son of Zebedee, 47, 53–4 Holy Spirit, 18, 47, 49, 103–4, 118, 264, James, William, 115 267, 269–70, 272, 286–7 Jerome, 12, 51, 90–1, 100, 102, 108, Homer, 27 112 honestiores, 208 Jerusalem, 43, 46, 59, 62–3, 72, 96–9, horse, 152 105–6, 128, 139, 144, 147, 152, horse/s, 225, 279–80 160–1, 207, 214, 247 hot spring/s, 176, 180, 184 Jesus Christ, 6, 50, 52–3, 55–6, 58, 62–3, household/s, 15, 24, 36, 76, 84, 156 68, 76–7, 111, 113, 117, 154, 156, huckster/s, 214, 223 165, 178, 185, 206–7, 266–72, 274, humility, 25, 163 277, 280–2, 284–5, 287 hydrography/ic/al, 176, 184–5 Jew/s, 26–32, 35–44, 53, 65–7, 77–8, 88, Hydroparastatae, 255 120, 212–13, 227, 255 Hygeia, 41 Jewish War, 78 Jezebel, 113 Iamblichus of Chalcis, 248 Joanna, 76 Iconian/s, 93 jockey/s, 197 Iconium, 19, 37, 89–94 Johannine group/s, 20, 33 Iconium (Konya), 7, 156, 229 Johannine texts, 32, 54, 155 identity/ies, 7, 28, 30, 92–3, 121, 128, 156, John of Ephesus, 121–2 193, 235, 240 John Chrysostom, 15 idolater/s, 185 John of Ephesus, 109, 142 idolatry, 180, 185, 251 John son of Zebedee, 47, 53–4, 56 Ignatius, 59 Jose, rabbi, 37 Ignatius, bishop of Antioch, 51, 68–79, 81–4, journey/s into darkness, 87 88, 94, 103, 113–14, 162, 165, 247 Judaea, 49, 62, 66, 106 inheritors of Amyntas, 230 Judah, rabbi, 37 initiation, 31 Judaism, 27, 37–8, 41, 77, 94, 163 institution/s, 2–3, 246–8, 254 Judas Iscariot, 53–4 institutional, 20, 247 Julia Domna, Augusta, 205 intermediaries, 31 Julia Mamaea, consors imperii, 85 intertextual relations, 24 Julian, bishop of Apamea (Dinar), 116, Ionia, 8, 29, 86, 170 131 Ionian/s, 69, 177, 279 Julian, Roman emperor, 169, 180–1, 246, Ioulia Severa, 38–40 259, 283 Iouliane, Aurelia, 40 Julius Caesar, 35, 39 Ioulios Eugenios, M., bishop of Burnt Justin I, Roman emperor, 121 Laodicea, 251, 254 Justin Martyr, 77, 153 Ioulios Olympichos, C., 192–4 Justinian, Roman emperor, 109, 121

Index 325

Kalecik, 29 liturgy, 40 Kalends, festival of, 66 Livia, Augusta, 188 Karadirek (formerly Kelendres), 147, 247 local government, 196–204 Karayakuplu, 139, 142 Long-Ignatius, 77 Kaunos, 223 Longinus, 248 Kemaliye, 141 longue durée, 13, 241 Keramon Agora, 212 Loukilla, 221, 291 Kerinthos, son of Dionysios, Aurelius, 222, Loukios son of Loukios, 38–9 293 Loukios son of Loukios, Aurelius, of Giza, Kidrama, 29 229 king/s, 6, 8, 92, 161, 269, 273–4, 277, 281 Loukios, clergyman, 135–8 Kogamos valley, 57 Lucian of Samosata, 25–7, 43, 74–5, 79 Kokhaba, 62 Lucilla, Augusta, 177–9, 221, 277 Kolbasa, 253 Lucius Verus, Roman emperor, 124, 157, Korumbos inscription, 24 171, 177, 221, 263, 277, 281 Kosmia, Aurelia, 192, 194 Lucretia Hilara, 157 Kouartos (Quartus), 224, 295 Lucullus, 39 Krates, 122 Luke, gospel according to, 54–5 Krites, 122 Luke, New Testament writer, 20, 90 Kütahya, 155, 234–8 Luke-Acts, 20 Kütahya Museum, 235–6 luxury goods, 57 Kyrenios [= Quirinius], Aurelius, martyr, Lycaonia, 7, 15–16, 183, 285 132 Lycaonian language, 10 Kyrila, Aurelia, 236 Lycia, 30, 190, 253 Kyrilla, 242 Lycian/s, 190 Kyrillos, 242 Lycus Valley, 4, 9, 20, 23, 32, 44, 50, 57, Kyrilos, 236 59, 66, 177, 185, 246, 257 Lydia, 4, 6–8, 29–30, 35, 41, 99, 141, 170, Lactantius, 30, 217, 249–50 219, 269 Lagina, 29 Lykidas, 227–8 Lallname/n, 108 Lyon, 50, 117–20, 125–6, 128 Laodicea Katakekaumene (= Burnt Lyonnais, 118, 126 Laodicea), 251–7 Lysias, 183, 224, 286, 295 Laodicea on the Lycus, 7, 10, 32, 76, 258 Lysimachus, 190 Laodicea, letter from, 33–4 Lystra, 10, 18–19, 72, 89, 230 Laodiceans, epistle, 33–4 Lateran Museum, 150 Ma, daughter of Pappas, 230 Latin language, 158, 169, 181–2, 188, 210 Macedonians, 3, 261 leather-work, 17, 172–5, 207 Macrina the younger, 61 legal privileges, 208, 250 Maeander river, 99, 232 legitimacy, 63 Maeander valley, 66, 132 legitimation, 14, 87, 217–18 Maeon, Maeones, 8, 69 Leo XIII, bishop of Rome, 150, 158 magic, 31, 85, 124, 151 Leontios, 235, 243 magistracies, 196 leopards, 71–2 Magnesia on the Maeander, 4, 59, 78 Lichﬁeld, 115 Magniﬁcat, 110 Licinius, Roman emperor, 12 Magydos, 63 Life of Abercius, 147, 150, 158–9, 162, maiden/s, 151, 154, 163, 221, 277–8, 286 166–86, 207 Makaria, 40 Likinios, 203 Makedonios, 169, 259 lion/s, 90, 93, 190 Malchus (= Porphyry), 248

326 Index

Manichaeism, 167 Melte, 136 Mannos, Aurelius, 225, 296 Meltine, 222, 293 manumission, 4 Memphis, 8 Marcion, 34, 79, 171, 284 Mên Arcaeus, 230 Marcionism, 85, 94 Men Askaenos, 230 Marcionite/s, 85, 171, 255 Men Axiottenos, 29 Marcius Philippus, Q., 187 Men Petraeites Axettenos, 29 Marcus Aurelius, Roman emperor, 60, Menander, 27 63–4, 82, 100, 123–4, 140, 168, 171, Menas son of Menas, Aurelius, 199 177, 221, 278 Menneas, 192, 194 Marcus the heretic, 84 Menophilos son of Menophilos, Aurelius, Maria, daughter of Zenodotos, 225 199 Mark, 55–6 Meros, 169, 259 Mark Antony, 92, 288 Mesopotamia, 35, 157, 162, 182, 284 Mark, gospel according to, 51 Messalas, son of Messalas, Aurelius, 199 Markeianos son of Markos, Aurelius, 235 Metrodorus, Marcionite presbyter and Markia, 136 martyr, 85 Markos son of Math[i]as, 42 Michael Syrus, 121 Markos, presbyter, 256 Michael, archangel, 184–6 Marseille, 117 Midas (= Mita, king of the Mushki), 3, 6 martyr procession, 74 Middle Platonism, 26 martyr/s, 37, 60, 72, 88, 117, 125, 130–1, millennium, 53, 144 168, 201–2, 254 millers, guild of, 57 martyr-act/s, 130, 199–202 Miltiades anti-Montanist writer, 104 martyrdom, 69–70, 79–82, 87, 107, 114, Miltiades, anti-Montanist writer, 103–4, 117, 120, 125–6, 130 131 Martyrdom of Perpetua, 129 Miltiades, Montanist leader, 126–8 Martyrdom of Polycarp, 79–81, 88, Minucius Felix, 197–8 114–15, 178 Minucius Timinianus, 213 Martyrdom of the Scillitans, 129 minute-book/s, 203, 207 martyr-shrine, 48, 257 Miracle of St Michael, 184–5 Marucchi, Orazio, 159 miracle/s, 14, 49, 64, 118, 154, 165, 171, Mary, Virgin, 110, 154, 270 178, 270, 272 Mathias, 42 missionaries, 6, 17, 48, 66, 72, 164, 206, Mathios, 212 217, 241, 246 Matthew, gospel according to, 51–6, 74, Mithridates VI, king of Pontus, 288 161, 178 mole/s, 5 Maxima, 227 monastery/ies, 142, 257 Maximian, Roman emperor, 200 monepiscopacy, 71 Maximilla, 104–8, 110–13, 116, 119–22, money, 28, 73, 83, 108, 126, 133–4, 141, 126–31, 207, 247 171, 227, 272, 274, 281, 283–4 Maximinus Daia, Roman emperor, 251–4 Montanism, 9, 94–5, 232, 241, 244, 247 Maximinus Thrax, Roman emperor, 16 Montanus, 60, 97–115, 125–9, 131–2, 139, Maximus the Confessor, 53 142–7, 206–7, 247 Media, 37 Monumentum Apolloniense, 188–91, 194 Mediterranean, 63, 191, 197, 246, 297–8, Mopsuestia, 72 300, 305, 308 Mordiaeum (= Apollonia by Pisidia), 187 Meidon, son of Menander, 4–5 Moschas, Aurelius, 220, 290 Melanippe, nun, 257 mosque/s, 222, 225 Melitenean legion, 64 Münster, 96 Melito, bishop of Sardis, 60, 65, 123–4 Museo Pio Cristiano, 147, 158

Index 327

Museum of Bursa, 201 odium theologicum, 186 Myra, 90 Oedipus, 74 Mysia, Mysian/s, 4, 69, 99–101 Oenoanda, 30 mystery cult/s, 31 oikos (= household), 24 mysticism, 27 Old Latin Bible, 97 Olympias, daughter of Ablabius, 11 Nacolea, 10–11, 261 Olympichos family, 188–96 Nag Hammadi, 110 Ömerçalı, Mount, 97 Narcissus, Ti. Claudius, 76 Onesimus, 21–2 Naucratius, hermit, 61 Onesimus, bishop of Ephesus, 59, 76 navigation, 174 Onesiphorus, 94 Nazareth, 62 Optatus, bishop of Carthage, 130 necropolis, 66, 233, 244 oracle/s, 30, 103–13, 125, 249 Nectarius, bishop of Constantinople, 167 Orcistan/s, 11–15 Nehorai, rabbi, 36 Orcistus, 10–17, 217, 246 Neikeros son of Neikeros, Aurelius, 218, Orestes son of Andron, 231 225, 296 Oriens, 252 Neocaesarea, 14–17, 216 Orientalism, 230 Nero, Roman emperor, 23, 38, 90 Origen, 1, 85, 103–4, 133–4, 175–6, 186, Neronias, 72 193, 196–7, 207 Nerva, Roman emperor, 52, 56 Orpheus, 195 network/s, 43, 61, 66, 80, 164, 233, 247 Orphism, 151 network-formation, 164 orthodox, 30, 118, 126, 234, 240, 255 new moon/s, 28 orthodoxy, 11, 63, 71 New Prophecy (= Montanism), 96–122, Osrhoene, 162 126, 206 ossuary/ies, 202 New Prophet/s, 83, 118, 127, 144 Ostia, 181 New Testament, 15, 18–44, 46, 51, 60, 73, Ostrogoths, 8 127, 244 Otrous, 127, 224, 295 New York, 24 Nicaea, 142, 256, 259 Palestine, 36, 102, 248, 252 Nicaea, Council of, 72, 162, 167 Pamphylia, 63, 72, 253, 280 Nicetes, 84–8 Pancharios, Ailios, 223, 292 Nicomedia, 249–51, 256, 259, 279 panis quadratus, 135, 155, 240 Nikephoros, 236 Pannonia Secunda, 261 Nisibis, 151, 160–2, 181–2, 251, 284, 286 Paphos, 72 node/s, 237, 244, 247 Papirius, bishop of Smyrna, 60 nomen, 200, 223, 226 papyri, 151, 204 nomen gentilicium, 223 Paraclete, 107, 118, 122, 125, 129 nomenclature, 108 Paradise, 107 North Galatian hypothesis, 18 parish, 70 nose-peggers, 9 Parnassus, 260 Novatian/s, 255–7 partridge/s, 5 novel/s, 91–3 paschal controversy, 119 Numidia, 197–8 Passover, 66, 255 Pastoral Epistles, 94 oath-breaking, 4 Pastoral Epistles (New Testament epistles), Occam’s razor, 242 83 Octavius, 198 paten/s, 135–8 Odes, 109–10 patristic, 50, 54, 68 Odes of Solomon, 109 patronage, 13, 38, 233, 244

328 Index

Paul (the apostle = Paul of Tarsus), 6, 10, Phoenician/s, 69 18–24, 34, 39, 43, 46, 48, 54, 59, 68, phoney peace, 248–9 72, 76, 83, 88–95, 102, 105, 151, 154, Phronime, 227 156, 160, 162, 164, 169, 244, 286 Phrougianos, son of Menokritos, Aurelius, Paul and Thecla, 88–95, 105 40 Paula, 224, 294 Phrougilla, 170 Pauline authorship, 21–2 Phrougios, 221–2, 225, 292–3 Pauline epistles, 164 Phrougis, 169–71, 265 Pazum, 255–6 Phrygella, 170–1, 269–71 peasant/s, 183, 285 Phrygia Pacatiana (= Phrygia I), 10, 143, Peducaeus, Lucius, 27 258 Peloponnesian War, 52 Phrygia Salutaris (= Phrygia II), 10, 178, Pentapolitan plain, 176 181, 183, 200, 202 Pentecost, 66 Phrygian language, 8 Pepuza, 97–109, 116, 121, 123–47, 160–1, Phrygian spirit, 31 164, 207, 217, 246–7 Phrygianism, 5, 31 Peregrinus, 75 pickpocket/s, 214 Perga, 72 pigeon/s, 5 Pergamene kingdom, 191 piglet/s, 5 Pergamum, 190, 259 pimp/s, 214 periphery/peripheral, 2–3, 27, 91, 191 Pinnas, bishop, 213 Perpetua, 129–30, 213 Pionius, presbyter, 80, 85, 216 persecution, 59–60, 73, 81, 95, 117–18, Pisidia, 7–8, 15–16, 18–19, 76, 79, 89, 183, 123, 169, 201, 208, 214–17, 221, 238, 190, 253, 285 245 Pisidian/s, 187, 189, 212, 229 Persia, Persian/s, 3, 124, 251 Pizarro, 88 Perugitha, 36–7 plague, 120, 123–6 Pessinus, 18 Plato, 172–5, 186 Peter, archpriest, 167 Platonism, 26 Peter, bishop of Sebastea, 61 plausibility structure/s, 56, 87 petrifying stream/s, 176, 185 pleasure, 53, 174–5, 266, 272, 275 Philadelphia, 59, 77, 96–9, 103–4, 141, pledge-takers, 230 232, 241, 246 Pliny, 81 Philaldelphia, 113 Plutarchus son of Nestorius (= Plutarch of Philemon (New Testament epistle), 21–4, Athens), 175–6 32, 43 Polemo of Laodicea, 86 Philippi, 71, 78, 83 Polemon II, king of Pontus, 93 Philippians (New Testament epistle), 21–2, poll tax, 253 34 Polybius, bishop of Tralles, 59 Philippians, letter by Polycarp, 78, 83, 88 Polycarp, bishop of Smyrna, 51–2, 59–60, Philo of Alexandria (= Philo Judaeus), 26, 68–9, 75–6, 78–88, 94–5, 103, 65 114–15, 117, 119, 165, 170, 178, 182 Philo, deacon, 59, 72 Polycrates, bishop of Ephesus, 63, 159, 246 Philomelium, 79–80, 83, 115 polytheism, 231, 254 philosopher/s, 25–6, 43, 162 polytheist/s, 41, 43, 81, 168–70, 180, 185, philosophical tradition, Jewish, 26 196, 212–13 philosophical tradition, pagan, 26, 63, 146, Pontius, 131, 134, 214 248 Pontus, 1, 61–3, 93, 288 philosophy, 24–8, 31–2 Popilios Zotikos, 38 Philostorgius, 256, 260 population, 2, 8, 29, 44, 124–5, 218, 238 Philostratus, 45, 85, 316 Porphyry of Tyre, 30, 248–50

Index 329

Portus, 178, 280–1 Ptah, 8 possession trance, 102 public ofﬁce/s, 196 post-state zone/s, 3 puellae Faustinianae, 180 Praetorian Guard, 250 purity, ritual, 28, 93–4, 107 praetorian prefect/s, 11, 261–2 purple-dyers, guild of, 65 Praxeas, 119, 129 purple-seller/s, 58 prayer, 25, 30, 43, 64, 176, 183, 248, 264, Pythagorean-Eudorian perspective, 24–6 266, 276 preaching, 6, 35, 53, 62, 68, 71, 76, 85, 87, Qrytys/Qṛ ᾿tys,̣ 121–2 164, 170, 206, 247 Quadratus, apologist, 50 Prefect of the City (= Rome), 15 Quadratus, L. Statius, 82, 103–4 presbyter/s, 77 Quadratus, prophet, 103–4, 113, 122 presbytery, 113–14 quattuorviri, 190 presidency of the council, 40 Quebec, 194 Price Edict of Diocletian, 66 queen of Christian inscriptions, 147 priesthood/s, 108 queen/s, 92–3, 151–3, 157, 160, 178–9, Primos, 257 278, 286 princess/es, 178–9, 221 Quellenkritik, 177 Prisca, 105–8 Quintilla, 106, 122, 127 Prisca/Priscilla, 104, 116, 119, 125, 129, Quintillian/s, 106, 244 206–7, 247 Quintus, 114–15 Priscillian/s, 106 prison, 21, 115, 126, 200–2 Rabellius, C., 35 Probus, Roman emperor, 80, 199–202 rain miracle, 64 Procopius, usurper, 261 Ramsay, W.M., 42, 147–50, 159, 166, 170, procurator/s, 75–6, 84, 86, 126, 140–1, 177, 212, 217–20, 229–31, 233, 236, 177, 278 296 production cities, 57 ransom, 73, 269 Proklianos Tryphon, 219–20 reader/s, 4, 25, 35, 65, 93, 154, 164, 205, prophecy, 5, 46, 101, 103, 113, 118–19, 223, 240, 258 126–30, 134, 139, 161 reconciliation, 5, 73 prophet/s, 42, 79, 83, 102–5, 107–8, recruitment, 124 110–11, 119, 125, 129, 144, 268 Reginos, 219 prophetess/es, 47, 104–10, 113, 115, 120–2, relic/s, 39, 88, 121, 185 125–8, 142–3, 146 religion, domestic, 14 proselyte/s, 38 religious calendar, Christian, 25 Prosenes, M. Aurelius, 157 religious conﬂict, 14 proseuche (place of prayer), 30 religious thought, 31 prosopography, 23 Renault, Captain, 73 Protestant/s, 131, 151 repent/ance, 5, 32, 68, 83, 169, 267, 273 Prusias ad Hypium, 259 Res gestae, 188 Prymnessos, 166 rescript/s, 139–41, 213, 217, 253, 277 psalm/s, 109, 152, 160 resurrection, 53, 107, 144, 227 Psammetichus (= Psamtik I, Egyptian Reuben, patriarch, 227 pharaoh), 8 Revelation, 2, 20, 32–3, 35, 43, 61, 96–8, pseudepigraphical texts, 21–2, 111 113, 144, 153 pseudo-Diogenes, 25 Rheus Agathopus, 59 pseudo-Gelasius, 127 Rhine-Danube frontier, 179 pseudo-Heraclitus, 25 Rhodope, 221, 292 pseudo-Justin, 103, 198 Rhoemetalces II, king of Thrace, 92 pseudo-Pauline texts, 20 Rhône river, 117

330 Index

risk register/s, 189–90 Serapion, bishop of Antioch, 131–2, 134 Roman period, 3, 7 Sergius Paullus, 76 Rossi, Giovanni Battista de, 147, 158–9 Servenius Capito, 38 Roubes, 226–8 Servenius Cornutus, L., 39 Roupheine, 221, 291 settler society, 187 Rufus, 79 Severan period, 142 Severos, bishop of Burnt Laodicea, 254–7 Sabbath/s, 28, 35, 37 Severus Alexander, Roman emperor, 85, Sabbatius, 200, 249 195, 219 Sabinus, 214 sheep, 5, 106, 151, 286 Saccophori, 254–7 Shemashgram, 173 sacred canopy, 12–17, 56, 68, 82, 87–8, shepherd/s, 97, 150–4, 160, 163, 286 195–6, 217, 231, 246, 258, 262 shoes, golden, 152, 157, 179, 286 sacriﬁce/s, 5, 10, 73, 80–1, 88, 114, 125, sickle of the curse, 39, 42–3, 212 168, 200, 202–3, 208, 216, 249–52, Sidon, 90 263–4 Silas, 72 Sadagolthina, 260 Silence (σιγή), 70 Sagaris, bishop of Laodicea, 60 Silikis Olpianos, Poplis, 108, 155 Saittai, 30, 219 silver, 66, 93 Salamis, 72 Simoe, Simoen[sians], 139–40 salary/ies, 108, 126, 206 sin, 4–5, 37, 73, 161, 172, 175, 211, Salt Lake (Tuz Gölü), 7, 27 219–20, 267–9, 273, 275 Samaritan/s, 77 singer/s, 258 Sangarios river, 8, 232, 255 singing, 25 sarcophagus/i, 38, 157, 224, 251–2, 254 singularii, 202 Sardis, 60, 65, 123–4, 188, 259 sinner/s, 107, 152, 228, 269 Sarmatians, 64 Skopelianos, 108 Satala, 61 slave/s, 3–4, 15, 22, 84, 124, 223, 230, 264, Saturus, 130 267 scapegoat sacriﬁce (περίψημα), 73 slave-market/s, 39 Scopelian of Clazomenae, 69, 86, 94 slave-raiding, 3, 191 scripture, 28, 127, 164, 168, 250, 273 smallpox, 124–5, 168 Scythian/s, 260 Smyrnaean/s, 59, 75, 86, 165 seal/s (aquatic carnivorous mammals), 93 Soa (Altıntaş), 234 seal/s (device/s attached as evidence of social aid, 180 authenticity), 121, 151, 153, 161, 266, social constructionism, 13 286 social institution/s, 3 Sebaste (Selçikler), 223 social stability, 191 Sebaste (Sivaslı), 199, 221 social world, 13 second sophistic, 74 Socrates, 31, 173, 182 secret police, 141, 177–8, 214–16, 278 Socrates Scholasticus (church historian), secular world, 146 168, 256, 260–1 Selenas, bishop of the Goths, 260–1 Socratic paradox, 175 Selene, 213 soldier/s, 69, 71, 141, 218, 225, 242, 251–2, Seleucia in Pieria, 72 296 Seleucid/s, 35, 190 solidarity in the face of chaos, 14 senate, 125, 163, 214 Song of Songs (= Canticles), 96 senatusconsultum, 190 Sornatios Barba, C., 39 Senirkent, 203, 205 Sossianus Hierocles, 250 Septimius Severus, Roman emperor, 15, 45, Sosthenes, 241 139, 205 Sotas, bishop of Anchialus, 116, 131 Septuagint, ix, 37, 39, 41–2, 73, 153, 178, Soter, bishop of Rome, 119 227, 263, 273 South Galatian hypothesis, 18

Index 331

Sozomen, 167, 256, 260–1 temple, 4 Spain, 160, 255 Temple (at Jerusalem), 27 sparrow/s, 5 temple/s, 81, 96, 113, 122, 163, 168–9, 188, Sparta, 52 230, 259–60, 264, 277 Speech to the Assembly of the Saints, 12 Temrek, 30 spirit/s, 25, 28, 31, 103, 105–6, 110, 184, Ten Martyrs, 37 266, 287 Ten tribes (of Israel, exiled to Assyria), 36–7 sport/s, 66 tenant/s, 139–41, 183 Stoic/s, 125 Tertullian, 65, 89–92, 100, 106–7, 111–12, Stoic-Antiochian Platonist/s, 24 119, 125, 129–30, 163, 193, 213–14, 242 stonecutter/s, 223, 238–9 Tetrarchy, 10 stratiﬁcation, 3 textile production, 57 Stratoneikianos, 41 Thamyris, 92 Stratonicea, 29 Thecla, 88–95, 105 subdeacon/s, 258 Themiso, 116, 122, 125, 127–8 succession, 63, 70, 99, 109, 123 Theodoret, bishop of Cyrrhus, 127 Sulla, L. Cornelius, 288 Theodoros, 138 surveying, 174 Theodorus, 5 Susuzören, 139 Theodorus, aka Gregory, bishop of Symphoros, Aurelius, 225 Neocaesarea, 14 synagogue/s, 20, 28, 35, 37–9, 43, 66, 120 Theodosius I, Roman emperor, 260 synchronicity, 160 Theodotus, 118, 122, 126–7 Synnada (Şuhut), 10, 17, 37, 183, 197, Theodoulos, 169, 259 199–202, 249, 279, 285 theology, 17, 19–20, 176, 244 Syria Phoenice, 162 Theophilus, bishop of Alexandria, 167 Syriac language, 100, 121, 175, 182, 198 Theos Hypsistos, 30 Syriarch/s, 90 theosis, 173 Thera, 30–1, 155, 228 Taifalian/s, 260 Thessalonian/s, 154 Talmud, 36–7 Thrace, 8, 92, 116, 190, 206 Tarsus, 72 Thracian language, 8 Tascodrugites, 9, 244 Thracian/s, 190 Tata, 221, 292 Thraseas, bishop of Eumeneia, 60 Tatia, 135–6, 221, 225, 292, 295–6 Threptos son of Nicomedes, Aurelius, 229 Tatiane, 222, 293 Thuburbo Minus, 129 Tatiane, Aurelia, 135 Thucydides, 52 Tatianes, 242 Thunder: Perfect Mind, 110. Tatianos, 169, 221, 259, 291 Thyatira, 113, 116, 128, 248 Taurus (range), 99, 187, 189 Thyni, 8 Tavium, 18 Tiberius, Roman emperor, 12, 188, 191 tax, 3, 36, 141, 168, 190, 253 Tieos, deacon, 256 teacher of Asia, 80–1, 85, 103, 165, 170, Timotheus Aelurus, 70 178, 182 Timothy, 23 teacher of impiety, 81 tomb-violator/s, 39, 41–2, 211 Teanum, 181 tomb-violators, 40 Tekmor, 229–31 Topoi research project, 232 Tekmoreian Guest-Friends, 229–31, 236 Torah, 36–7 Telesphoros, 235 trade guild/s, 65 Tembris region, 99 trader/s, 58 Tembris valley, 141, 236, 240–1, 244 Trajan, Roman emperor, 51–2, 56, 69, 81, 125 Tembris Valley, 16 Trajanopolis, 99, 138 Temenothyrae, 108, 132–9, 143–6, 151, Tralles, 59, 77 206, 241, 248 transgression/s, 4–5, 161

332 Index

tres militiae, 202 Wales, 115 tria nomina, 101 water-mill/s, 58 Tribigild, 8 water-pipe/s, 142 Trimorphic Protennoia, 110 water-wheel/s, 57 Tripolis, 66 wheat, 5 triumvir, 198 white robes, 32–3 Troad, 6 wholesale dealer/s, 223–5, 293 Troas (= Alexandria Troas), 59, 71–2, 78 widow/s, 145 Trophimos, 199, 208, 249 wild-beast show/s, 69–70, 93, 114, 202–3 Troy, 6 wine, 5, 36, 151, 163, 178, 255, 280, True Word, 87, 102, 196 286 Tübingen school, 19, 105 wineskin/s, 178, 280 tuna-ﬁsh, 5 Wisdom, 163 Tyana, 6, 195 woman/women, 38, 61, 76, 84, 89, 93, Tychicus, 21–2, 34 104–10, 120–1, 132–3, 138, 145, 167, Tymion, 97–100, 105, 108, 128, 139–46 169, 172, 207, 221–2, 238–9, 251, Tyre, 90, 248, 253 257, 259, 270–1, 273, 276 Tyrronios Klados, 38 wool, 57, 136–7, 207 Tyrronios Rapon, 38 worship, 4–5, 14, 25, 29, 31, 35, 38–9, 63, 80–1, 88, 169, 191, 202, 213, 230, Ulﬁla (Urphilas), bishop of the Goths, 260 247, 253, 259, 278 Ulubey canyon, 142 uncircumcision, 35 Ya῾qub, bishop of Seleucia-Ctesiphon, 62 urban thesis, 2 urbanization, 2–3, 187 Zenodotos, 225, 293, 296 Uşak, 100, 132–41, 144–6, 155, 206, 241 Zenon, 225, 296 Zenonis, Aurelia, 289 Valens, former elder, 83 Zeugma, 162 Valens, Roman emperor, 258, 261 Zeus, 10, 191, 194, 230 Valentinian/s, 70–1, 154 Zeus Solymeus, 213 Valentinus, 71, 79, 109, 128 Zeus Trosou, 5 Valerian, 260 Zeuxis, 35, 108 Valerian, Roman emperor, 200, 208, 216, Zosimus, 79 219, 296 Zoticus of Otrous, presbyter, 127 Valerius, 177–8, 278–9 Zoticus, Aurelius, 203 Valerius Diogenes, 252–3 Zoticus, bishop of Comana, 116, 131 values, 161, 239 Zotike daughter of Damas, Aurelia, 223, Vatican, 109, 147, 158–9 293 Vettius Epagathus, 117 Zotikes, 155 via Sebaste, 76 Zotikos, 39, 235 Viator, 157 Zotikos Lykidas, Aurelius, 227–8 victimization mechanism, 73 Zotikos Markianos, 233, 236 Victor, bishop of Rome, 46, 59, 119, 129 Zotikos Markianos, Aurelius, 233 Vienne, 117 Zotikos son of Gaios, Aurelius, 290 vine/s, 36, 53, 240, 268, 280 Zotikos son of Markion, Aurelius, 233 virtue, 175, 220, 235 Zotikos son of Praxias, Aurelius, 199 vision/s, 31, 100, 107, 130, 240, 277 Zotikos, aka Ailios Pancharios, 292 viticulture, 36, 137 Zuqnin Chronicle, 121