Swiss J Geosci (2016) 109:241–255 DOI 10.1007/s00015-016-0209-4

Reorganisation of the stratigraphic nomenclature of northern : overview and the new , and Zeglingen formations

Peter Jordan1,2

Received: 12 November 2015 / Accepted: 9 February 2016 / Published online: 3 March 2016 Ó Swiss Geological Society 2016

Abstract In the context of the harmonisation of the Swiss massive deposits. It continues with sulfate and marl stratigraphic scheme (HARMOS project), the stratigraphic sequences and ends with littoral stromatolitic dolomite. In nomenclature of the Triassic sedimentary succession of the WSW–ENE trending depot centre total formation northern Switzerland has been reorganised to six forma- thickness is 150 m and more, and thickness of salt layers tions (from base to top): Dinkelberg, Kaiseraugst, Zeglin- reaches up to 100 m. In the High area, the thickness gen, Schinznach, Ba¨nkerjoch, and Formation. is reduced due to subrecent subrosion. At some places The first three are formally introduced in this paper. evidence points to syn- to early-post-diagenetic erosion. The Dinkelberg Formation (formerly «») For practical reasons, the six formations are organised in encompasses the siliciclastic, mainly fluvial to coastal three lithostratigraphic groups: Buntsandstein (with marine sediments of to early age. The the Dinkelberg Formation), Group (combin- formation is some 100 m thick in the area and ing the Kaiseraugst, Zeglingen and Schinznach Forma- wedges out towards southeast. The Kaiseraugst Formation tions) and Group (combining the Ba¨nkerjoch and (formerly «Wellengebirge») comprises fossiliferous silici- Klettgau Formations). clastic and carbonate sediments documenting a marine transgressive—regressive episode in early Anisian time. It Keywords Triassic Á Northern Switzerland Á starts with , dolomite, continues with subtidal Á Dinkelberg Formation Á Kaiseraugst and marl and ends with bituminous shale and Formation Á Zeglingen Formation supratidal dolomite. Thickness decreases from approxi- mately 50 m in the area to 10 m in the south and east. In the area, a transition to the 1 Introduction siliciclastic marginal of the Vindelician High (Eschenbach Formation in ) is documented by 1.1 Motivation and concept borehole evidence. The Zeglingen Formation (formerly «Anhydritgruppe») documents a regressive marine evap- The Triassic succession of northern Switzerland (Fig. 1) oritic megacycle during the Illyrian (late Anisian). At most encompasses around 225–550 m of marine to terrestrial places, except in far eastern Switzerland, it starts with sediments (Fig. 2). Classically, they have been subdivided in «Buntsandstein», «Muschelkalk» and «Keuper». In the published sheets of the Geological Atlas of Switzerland Communicated by W. Winkler and A. Morard. 1:25,000, the «Muschelkalk» is subdivided, from base to top, in «Wellengebirge», «Anhydritgruppe», «Haupt- & Peter Jordan muschelkalk», and «Trigonodusdolomit». «Buntsandstein» [email protected] and «Keuper» are usually taken as complete, undivided 1 Geologisch-Pala¨ontologisches Institut, University of Basel, mapping units. Only in areas of flat-lying strata and good Bernoullistrasse 32, 4056 Basel, Switzerland conditions, for instance in the Klettgau area, a 2 Gruner Bo¨hringer AG, 4104 Oberwil, Switzerland further subdivision was introduced for «Keuper» with 242 P. Jordan

2600000 2650000 2700000 2750000

F D Germany

France

Bern map section SI Switzerland 300

SL1 RL2 BK BR1 261 Stein a. Rh.

1280000 291 BS1 290 ZT3 243 HE1 KZ1 542 ZZ1 314 500 251 227 Basel 325 OT2 ZT1 WE2 WE RU 632 323 298 288 BX RK 289 481 327 LI1 224 St. Gallen Aarau Zürich SO SH 259 500 384

PF1 Triassic strata 300 Solothurn 415 Wells (total thickness of 1230000 1280000 1230000 the Triassic strata in m) 400 200 Isopach (in m) outcropping area

Luzern Keuper Group N EN1 200 179 Muschelkalk Group 01020kmBern Buntsandstein Group

2600000 2650000 2700000 2750000

Fig. 1 Outcrop area and thickness of the Triassic strata in northern OT2 Otterbach OT2, PF1 Pfaffnau 1, RK , RL2 Rietheim L2, Switzerland and localization of complete Triassic sections. Abbrevi- RU Ruckfeld, SH Schafisheim, SI Siblingen, SL1 Schlattingen SLA-1, ations (wells): BK Benken, BR1 Berlingen 1, BS1 Basel 1, BX Buix, SO Sonnengarten GTB1, WE Weiach, WE2 Weiach 2, ZT1 Zurzach EN1 Entlebuch 1, HE1 Herdern 1, KZ1 Kreuzlingen 1, LI1 1, T1, ZT3 Zurzach T3, ZZ1 Zurzach Z1 additional map signatures. The classification used in the Another approach was to formally consolidate the cur- explanatory notes of the Atlas sheets and the description of rent Swiss scheme, because many outcrop studies and deep the respective core sequences of the deep boreholes are boreholes were recorded according to the traditional compiled in Fig. 3. stratigraphic nomenclature. This was supported by the None of the units in use have ever been formally argument, that existing map units should be maintained, defined. In the context of the harmonisation of the Swiss especially from the perspective of a Swiss-wide harmoni- stratigraphic scheme [HARMOS project, Morard et al. sation. Finally, a pragmatic approach has been preferred, 2012; Strasky et al. 2015 (submitted/this volume)] it was which is mainly based on the traditional Swiss scheme, decided to revise the stratigraphic nomenclature of the though with some important divergences which will be Triassic strata of northern Switzerland following the discussed later in this paper. guidelines of the Swiss Committee on Stratigraphy (Re- mane et al. 2005). Several approaches have been evaluated. 1.2 Outcrop conditions and additional data source One rejected approach was the adoption of the recently revised stratigraphic scheme of southwestern Germany, The concept of Remane et al. (2005) asks for accessible recapitulated in Geyer et al. (2011). In German areas as type sections. Since the outcrop conditions of adjacent to northern Switzerland, more than 20 formations Triassic units are today often bad, a mixed concept of are in use to describe the Triassic succession. However, superficial type sections and—mostly borehole based— many of the formations, having considerable thicknesses in reference sections had to be established for the present the centre of the Central European Basin, are only repre- task. The requirement for a borehole based reference sec- sented by a few metres of sediment along the River Rhine. tion is that the core material is properly stored and acces- Following the concept of Remane et al. (2005), a formation sible for future research. Finally, type and reference represents a mappable unit. Consequently, according to the sections should be published in papers or reports that are Swiss Geological Survey a formation should be at least accessible to the public. Initially, no additional field or some 30–50 m thick, to be represented on the 1:25,000 laboratory work was planned to revise the Triassic strati- sheets of the Geological Atlas of Switzerland. graphic nomenclature. Reorganisation of the Triassic stratigraphic nomenclature of northern Switzerland… 243

Nomenclature Nomenclature in northern Switzerland in southern Germany Age Epoch Period Weissenstein Arietenkalk Fm. Beggingen Mb. Angulatenton Fm. Sinem. Fm.

Schambelen Mb. Early Jurassic

Staffelegg Staffelegg Psilonoten Fm. Het. Exter Fm.

Belchen Mb. Rh.

Gruhalden Mb. Trossingen Fm. Seebi Mb. Löwenstein Fm. ? Steigerwald Fm. Gansingen / Berlingen Mb. Beaumont Horizont Klettgau Fm.

Ergolz Mb. Stuttgart Fm.

markerbed 1

? no formal Grabfeld Fm. subdivision yet

markerbed 2 Bänkerjoch Fm.

Asp Mb. Fm.

Stamberg Mb. Triassic Fm. ?

Liedertswil Mb. Meißner Fm.

Kienberg Mb. Schinznach Fm. Trochitenkalk Fm. Leutschenberg Mb.

Diemel Fm.

discontinuity, hiatus no formal subdivision yet crinoids Fm. Zeglingen Fm. oolites

chert nodules Anisian

bed rich in Karlstadt Fm.

halite

limestone no formal Fm. subdivision yet dolomite

fine sand, silt Kaiseraugst Fm. Fm. coarse sand Rötton Fm.. Ca-sulfate Fm. variegated, dolomitic, partly silty , no formal marl and mudstone subdivision yet ? dark marl and clay, partly bituminous

Dinkelberg Fm. Vogesensandstein Fm. dark dolomitic clay, marl Early Trias. Olenekian Rotliegendes or (informal) Perminan

Fig. 2 Simplified section of Triassic strata in northern Switzerland Markerbed 1 and 2 of Ba¨nkerjoch Formation according to Nagra [this paper, Pietsch et al. 2015 (submitted/this volume), Jordan et al. (2001) and Jordan et al. (2015) (submitted) Fm. Formation, Mb. 2015 (submitted/this volume)] and correlation with the current Member stratigraphic scheme of adjacent Germany (Geyer et al. 2011). 244 P. Jordan

Bitterli-Brunner & Équipe du projet Mühlberg (1908) Disler (1914) Herzog (1956) Hofman (1981) Müller et al. (1984) Dronkert (1987) Gürler (1987) Widmer et al. (1991)Hofman et al. (2000) Bitterli et al. (2000) Hauber et al. (2000) Jordan et al. (2011) Geyer et al. (2011) This paper Fischer (1988) GeORG (2013) Schinznach Leutschen- Hauptmuschelkalk Trochitenkalk Trochitenkalk Hauptmuschelkalk Trochitenkalk Hauptmuschelkalk Trochitenkalk Trochitenschichten Trochitenkalk Hauptmuschelkalk Trochitenkalk Trochitenkalk-Fm. HM HM HM HM HM HM HM Muschelkalk Formation berg-Mb. Dolomit der Anhydrit- Dolomit der Dolomit der supérieur Anhydritgruppe dolomit Dolomitzone Dolomitzone Anhydritgruppe Dolomitzone Anhydritgruppe Diemel-Fm. Unterer Muschelkalkdolomit Obere Obere Obere Obere Obere Obere Zegligen Sulfatzone Sulfatschichten Sulfatschichten Sulfatzone Sulfatzone Sulfatzone Sulfatschichten Formation Anhydritgruppe Anhydritgruppe Anhydritgruppe s.l. Anhydritgruppe Anhydritgruppe Heilbronn-Fm. Muschelkalk moyen no fromal Salzton Salzschichten Salzschichten Salzlager Salzschichten Salzlager Salzschichten Anhydritgruppe Anhydritgruppe Anhydritgruppe Anhydritgruppe Anhydritgruppe Anhydritgruppe Anhydritgruppe members yet Salzlager

Untere Untere Mittlerer Muschelkalk Gips, Anhydrit Untere Untere Untere Untere Sulfatschichten Sulfatschichten Sulfatzone Sulfatzone Sulfatzone Sulfatschichten

Schichten der Orbicularis- Orbicularis- Orbicularis- Orbicularis- Orbicularis- Orbicularis- Myophoria orbicularis Orbicularismergel Karlstadt-Fm. Mergel Mergel Mergel Mergel Mergel Mergel Muschelkalk Group Anisian

Middle Triassic Kaiseraugst Formation Wellenkalk “Wellenkalk” Wellenmergel Wellengebirge Wellenkalk “Wellenkalk” Wellenmergel Wellengebirge Wellenmergel Wellengebirge Jena-Fm. Muschelkalk (Wellenkalk) inférieur

Triassic no fromal Wellengebirge Wellengebirge Wellengebirge Wellengebirge Wellengebirge Wellengebirge

“Wellengebirge” members yet

Unterer Muschelkalk Freudenstadt- Wellendolomit Wellendolomit Wellendolomit “Wellendolomit” Wellendolomit Wellendolomit Fm.

eigentliches Röt

Röth Röt Röt Röt Röt Röt Rötton-Fm. Röth Obereres Platten-

Röth sandstein Platten- Platten- Plattensand-

Unteres Dinkelberg Plattensandstein Plattensandstein sandstein stein-Fm. Karneol- sandstein Formation

Karneolhorizont Oberer BSst. Buntsandstein ? ? horizont Karneolhorizont Karneolhorizont VH2-Karneolhorizont Buntsandstein

Diagonalschichtige no fromal Diagonal- Diagonal- Sandsteine Quarzsandsteine Diagonalschichtiger Vogesen- members yet schichtiger Mittlerer schichtiger Buntsandstein Sandstein sandstein-Fm.

Sandstein Buntsandstein Sandstein Buntsandstein Group Olenekian Mittlerer BSst. BSst. Oberer Hauptkonglomerat Mittlerer BSst. Oberer BSst. Indu.

z Wiesental-Fm. Perm Rotliegendes Oberrotliegendes Rotliegendes Rotliegendes Unterer Buntsst. no formal formations yet

Permian r Weitenau-Fm. Oberrotliegendes

not described or not hiatus outcropping

Fig. 3 Correlation of formerly used terms and actual stratigraphic Dinkelberg Formation, Kaiseraugst Formation and Zeglingen Forma- scheme of southern Germany (High Rhine area) (Geyer et al. 2011) tion (this paper). BSst. Buntsandstein, Fm. Formation, HM Haupt- ans adjacent (E´ quipe du projet GeORG 2013) with the actual muschelkalk, Indu. , Mb. Member, r Rotliegendes, z Zechstein

In northern Switzerland, the «Buntsandstein» (now The 50–85 m thick, dominantly calcareous «Oberer Dinkelberg Formation) and the «Unterer Muschelkalk» or Muschelkalk» (now Schinznach Formation) including «Wellengebirge» (now Kaiseraugst Formation) outcrop «Trigonodusdolomit», «Hauptmuschelkalk» and «Let- only in the area between AG, Wintersingen BL and tenkohle», outcrops at many places in the frontal part of the Riehen BS. The outcrops have always been mostly poor Jura fold-and-thrust belt (Folded Jura) as well as in the exposed except along the banks of the River Rhine, par- adjacent Tabular Jura from Basel up to the Valley, ticularly between AG and Kaiseraugst AG. north of Schaffhausen. Nevertheless, complete sections These outcrops have been meticulously documented by including both the base and the top of the Schinznach Bra¨ndlin (1911) and Disler (1914) before they have been Formation are rare. Here again, borehole information helps flooded after construction of hydroelectric dams. In addi- to complete the knowledge (Fig. 1). Stratigraphic studies tion, these «Buntsandstein» and «Unterer Muschelkalk» of this interval have been published, among others, by levels have been reached by some deep boreholes (Fig. 1). Schalch (1916), Disler (1914), Paul (1936, 1956, 1971), Since the work of Disler (1914), the outcrops of these strata Merki (1961) and Gsell (1968). In the context of a sedi- in northern Switzerland have never been subject to further mentological study, several new and already known out- regional stratigraphic studies anymore. crops and borehole sections have been recorded [Pietsch Natural outcrops of the «Mittlerer Muschelkalk» or et al. 2015 (submitted/this volume)]. «Anhydritgruppe» (now Zeglingen Formation) are rare due Outcrops of the «Gipskeuper» (now Ba¨nkerjoch For- to subrosion of and halite. However, intensive mation) are also rare due the evaporitic nature of the unit. drilling on rock salt deposits along the River Rhine However, it was encountered in boreholes, tunnels and between Basel and Bad Zurzach AG, some gypsum quar- gypsum quarries, where it has been stratigraphically ries (e.g., Zeglingen BL, Kienberg SO and Felsenau near described, among others, by Schindler (1962), Prasad Full AG) and deep boreholes farther south (Fig. 1), yield (1970), Dronkert et al. (1990), Rick (1990) and Meier sufficient information about this stratigraphic interval. In (2011). the southwestern part of the considered area, the «Mittlerer The upper part of the «Mittlerer Keuper» and the Muschelkalk» has acted as de´collement horizon for «Oberer Keuper» (now Klettgau Formation) are quite the late Miocene Jura fold-and-thrust belt (e.g. Jordan heterogeneous with significant local and regional varia- 1992). Stratigraphic studies on this interval have been tions. They include the «Schilfsandstein», «Untere Bunte published, among others, by Disler (1914), Merki (1961), Mergel», «Gansingen Dolomit», «Obere Bunte Mergel», Hauber (1971), Dronkert et al. (1990) and Widmer (1991). «Stubensandstein», «Knollenmergel» and «Rha¨t». An Reorganisation of the Triassic stratigraphic nomenclature of northern Switzerland… 245 excellent and nearly complete insight is given today in the • The Ba¨nkerjoch Formation corresponds to the former Gruhalde clay pit in Frick AG. Another excellent, but «Unterer Mittelkeuper» or «Gipskeuper» according to temporary outcrop was documented by Bitterli-Dreher Swiss stratigraphers (e.g. Mu¨ller et al. 1984), and et al. (2007) during the construction of the Ennetbaden by- represents a marine inter- and supratidal (sabkha) pass tunnel. Further outcrops can be found all along the evaporitic environment. Folded and Tabular Jura from River in the West up to • The Klettgau Formation includes all sediments the upper Klettgau area (north of Schaffhausen) in the East. between the Ba¨nkerjoch Formation and the Staffelegg Some of these outcrop sections have been recently newly Formation of age (Reisdorf et al. 2011). recorded by Jordan et al. (2015) (submitted/this volume). The Klettgau Formation is only about 30–75 m thick, Finally, again borehole information helps to correlate and but it includes a wide spectrum of sediments originating complete the outcrop information (Fig. 1). Regional predominantly from playa or sabkha, but also from stratigraphic studies have been published by Erni (1910), fluvial, lacustrine and shallow marine environments. It Bra¨ndlin (1911), Disler (1914), Gsell (1968), Bla¨si (1995) represents a very long time span with several periods of and Etzold and Bla¨si (2000). Local information on min- non-sedimentation or erosion and changing palaeogeo- eralogy and record comes from Peters (1964) and graphic patterns. In the adjacent southern Germany, the Wildi (1976), respectively. corresponding strata are subdivided in at least five formations (Etzold and Schweizer 2005). Doubtless 1.3 Methodology correlation and subdivision is only possible in very good outcrops. In the Swiss stratigraphic scheme it was In a first step, six formations have been outlined based on traditionally summarised as «Sandsteinkeuper» (e.g. literature study (Fig. 2). The concept focusses on Hofmann et al. 2000), «Mergelkeuper» (e.g. Jordan and the respective sedimentary environments (normal 2008), or «Oberer Mittelkeuper» (e.g. Heidbach et al. marine to estuarine or littoral, evaporitic, terrestrial): 2014). The «Rha¨t» or «Rha¨tsandstein», was generally excluded and treated separately as «Ober Keuper» (e.g. • The Dinkelberg Formation corresponds to the former Fischer 1969, c.f. Nitsch 2005). However, it was «Buntsandstein» and represents a mainly fluvial to included into the underlying complete «Keuper» unit coastal environment. when it was mapped (with a special signature in well • The Kaiseraugst Formation corresponds to the former exposed areas). «Wellengebirge» («Unterer Muschelkalk») and repre- sents a marine sub-, inter- and supratidal environment. With the focus on mappable units the new results • The Zeglingen Formation corresponds to the former in three significant changes compared to the existing con- «Anhydritgruppe» («Mittlerer Muschelkalk») accord- cept so far: ing to the Swiss stratigraphic scheme (e.g. Mu¨ller et al. • The former «Keuper» map unit is separated into two (1984), see also Fig. 3) and represents a marine inter- formations, the Ba¨nkerjoch Formation and the Klettgau and supratidal (sabkha) evaporitic environment. Formation. The argument for this subdivision is mainly • The Schinznach Formation includes the former based on the separation of originating from «Trochitenkalk», «Nodosuskalk» or «Plattenkalk» different sedimentary environments. For areas where and «Trigonodusdolomit» as well as the «Let- the Klettgau Formation and the Ba¨nkerjoch Formation tenkohle» (Merki 1961). It represents a fully marine cannot be distinguished or separately mapped, the to estuarine environment. In northern Switzerland, newly defined Keuper Group includes the two the «Lettenkohle» has a maximal thickness of 11 m formations. (following the traditional Swiss stratigraphic • The «Lettenkohle» is newly defined as the Asp Member scheme) or 15 m (according to the delimitation of of the Schinznach Formation. The thickness of the Asp the corresponding German ). Too Member is below the 1:25,000 map resolution. Fur- thin to be considered as a formation of its own, the thermore, its dolomite beds corresponds more to the former «Lettenkohle» was consequently integrated as underlying Schinznach Formation than to the overlying the newly named Asp Member of the Schinznach Ba¨nkerjoch Formation. Formation, although it was formerly addressed as • The discrimination of «Trigonodusdolomit» and «Unterer Keuper». The motivation is its lithology «Hauptmuschelkalk» into two different map units is with dolomite beds closer to the underlying Schinz- not only an old tradition. It also helps in tectonically nach Formation than to the overlying evaporitic severely deformed areas to visualize the imbrication Ba¨nkerjoch Formation [discussion in Pietsch et al. and vergence of the different «Oberer Muschelkalk» 2015 (submitted/this volume)]. slabs in the zone of tectonic slices in front of the Folded 246 P. Jordan

2600000 2650000 2700000 2750000

F D Germany

France Austria

Bern map section 7

Switzerland 9

50 0 7 10 13 1280000 13 Dinkelberg 16 0 83 Etzgen 13 10 Basel 62 10 8 27 10 101 31 96 20 36 Kaisten 22

51 Rheinfelden 0 12 10

10

0 0 Dinkelberg Formation

1230000 Type and reference sections 1230000 1280000 Wells (thickness of the formation in m)

10 Isopach (in m) N Dinkelberg Fm. not deposited 0 or eroded in the Early Triassic 01020km Dinkelberg Fm. outcroping

2600000 2650000 2700000 2750000

Fig. 4 Outcrop and isopach map of the Dinkelberg Formation

Jura. As both units will survive as separate members of two additional papers [Pietsch et al. (2015) and Jordan the Schinznach Formation [see Pietsch et al. 2015 et al. (2015) both submitted/this volume]. (submitted/this volume) for details] a cartographic representation with differentiated colours between these members must be envisaged. 2 Dinkelberg formation All other modifications are minor and have no impli- cation on mapping. 2.1 Introduction The proposed concept to subdivide the Triassic strata of northern Switzerland into six formations was accepted by The Dinkelberg Formation corresponds to the «Buntsand- the Swiss Stratigraphic Committee on 22nd November stein» as it was outlined by Disler (1914). It corresponds to 2014 with the proviso to hand in the formal definition later. the Middle and Upper Buntsandstein Subgroups of the Initially, and due to the schedule of the HARMOS project, German scheme, including the Vogesensandstein, Platten- it was planned to define the formations and provisionally sandstein and Ro¨tton Formations (Geyer et al. 2011). The leave their subdivision aside. On proposal of the main Lower Buntsandstein, the Eck Formation, and the basal stakeholders, the Swiss Geological Survey and the Nagra, layers of the Middle Buntsandstein wedge out north of the the Swiss Stratigraphic Committee has accepted and deci- Swiss border and therefore do not occur in the area under ded on 5th March 2015 that an immediate subdivision of study (e.g. Geyer et al. 2011). Some confusion was intro- the Klettgau and Schinznach Formations is of great inter- duced by some publications (e.g. Mu¨ller 1876; Ryf 1984), est. For this, additional field and laboratory work was done. erroneously identifying the «Unterer Buntsandstein» in Consequently, only the formal definition of the three older Switzerland (see discussion in Bitterli et al. 2000). formations of the Triassic strata will be presented in this paper, together with the formal introduction of the 2.2 Definition of the Dinkelberg formation Buntsandstein Group, Muschelkalk Group and Keuper Group. The definition and subdivision of the Schinznach, Names previously «Buntsandstein» (cf. Fig. 3) Ba¨nkerjoch ans Klettgau Formations will be presented in in use Reorganisation of the Triassic stratigraphic nomenclature of northern Switzerland… 247

Origin of the name In the Dinkelberg area, the reddish Subdivision Formally not yet established. sandstone, characteristic freestone Traditional subdivision (from bottom for many historic buildings in Basel to top): «Vogesensandstein», and surroundings, was quarried at «Plattensandstein», and «Ro¨t-Ton» many places, few of them even on (the Lower Buntsandstein Subgroup Swiss territory (Maienbu¨hl, Riehen of southern Germany is missing in BS) northern Switzerland) Type section The left and right banks of River Occurrence Northern Switzerland, wedging out Rhine between Augarten towards southeast along a line (Rheinfelden, Switzerland) and Langenthal–Zurich– Warmbach (Rheinfelden, Germany), (Fig. 4) section I to VI of Disler (1914) Thickness Generally less than 40 m; up to (Fig. 4), now flooded (coordinates 100 m in Basel area (Fig. 4) ca. 2623.000/1265.800 and No data from northern Switzerland, 2624.000/1266.250, left bank, and probably late Olenekian to early 2623.000/1266.000 and 2624.950/ Anisian (Lepper et al. 2005) 1266.875, right bank) Description Mostly siliciclastic, mainly fluvial to Type region Lower High Rhine area, between coastal marine sediments: In the Basel and Etzgen AG lower part, alternation of grey to Reference section Kaisten borehole, drilling metre green and red fine to coarse grained, 94.00–124.95 (Peters et al. 1989) often normally graded sandstone, Underlying strata , mostly «Rotliegendes» containing different amounts of (informal; in southern Germany: mica, sometimes cross bedded, with Weitenau Formation, Nitsch and (to the upper part increasingly Zedler 2009). At some localities, thicker) light to dark red marl to possibly «Zechstein» (informal, in claystone, often with green spots. In southern Germany: Wiesental the upper part, red claystone Formation, Nitsch and Zedler 2009) dominates. At different levels, Lower boundary Onlaping unconformity. intraformational conglomerates and Conglomerates with walnut-sized breccias and pedogenic horizons triangular quartz-pebbles as with rusty red carneol, malachite, suggested by Disler (1914) to mark dolomite and anhydrite are found the lower boundary are restricted to Lateral equivalents In the Lake Constance area (wells few areas and also occurs in higher Berlingen-1, Kreuzlingen-1, Bu¨chi levels of the Dinkelberg Formation. et al. 1965), the reddish clays of the More indicative is the change from upper part of the formation are subangular and poorly sorted to well- missing. The sandstone of the basal rounded and well or bimodally Dinkelberg Formation is followed by sorted and conglomerates continental to coastal sediments, Overlying strata Kaiseraugst Formation (this paper) which are described, in southern Upper boundary Unconformity. In most cases, the Germany, as Eschenbach Formation (due to pedogene processes) poorly- and Grafenwo¨hr Formation bedded reddish to green claystone of (formerly «Muschelsandstein») the Dinkelberg Formation is overlain representing the siliciclastic input by well-bedded, often fossiliferous from the Vindelician High in the (including brachiopods, bivalves, East throughout the whole gastropods, and vertebrate remains), Muschelkalk Group (DSK 2005; sometime silty to sandy greyish to Geyer et al. 2011). Bu¨chi et al. yellow or olive marl followed by an (1965) summarised the basal alternation of grey dolomite and dark «Buntsandstein» and the overlying marl of the Kaiseraugst Formation siliciclastic sediments of the (Disler 1914; Hofmann et al. 2000) Seeru¨cken area as «Basissand». 248 P. Jordan

Towards north, the Dinkelberg Type section The left and right banks of River Formation corresponds to the Rhine north of Junkholz/Kaiseraugst Vogesensandstein Formation, AG, sections VI (coord. 2623.640/ Plattensandstein Formation and 1265.975 to 2623.960/1265.950), Ro¨tton Formation of south-western VII (coord. 2622.750/1266.000 to Germany (e.g. Geyer et al. 2011). 2622.075/1265.915) and VIII (coord. Towards south, the formation 2622.800/1265.775 to 2622.140/ wedges out 1265.725) by Disler (1914), now Interpretation The sequence documents two on- partly or fully flooded lapping transgressions coming from Type region Lower High Rhine area, between north corresponding to the youngest Basel and AG cycles of the German scheme (e.g. Reference sections Kaisten borehole (coord. 2664.642/ Geyer et al. 2011). The hiatus at the 1265.624), drilling metre basal unconformity spans from latest 46.40–94.00 (Peters et al. 1989): not Permian to probably early Olenekian fully cored and some core losses; but base and top—in a close to bedrock surface situation—are preserved. The transition from the overlying 3 Kaiseraugst formation Schinznach Formation to the Kaiseraugst Formation (extending 3.1 Introduction from drilling metre 749.44–793.90) is fully cored in the Riniken borehole The Kaiseraugst Formation corresponds to the «Wel- (coord. 2656.605/1261.780), but the lengebirge» as it was interpreted in the Swiss stratigraphic rest of the formation is not cored scheme (e.g. Mu¨ller et al. 1984, see also Fig. 3). It includes Underlying strata Dinkelberg Formation (this paper) the basal «Wellendolomit», the «Wellenkalk» or «Wel- Lower boundary Unconformity. In most cases, lenmergel», and the «Orbicularismergel» on top. In Ger- reddish to purple claystone of the many, all three units are considered as own formations Dinkelberg Formation are overlain whereby the uppermost Karlstadt Formation is part of the by often fossiliferous (including Middle Muschelkalk Subgroup while the other two, brachiopods, bivalves, gastropods, Freudenstadt Formation and Jena Formation, form the and vertebrate remains), at some Lower Muschelkalk Subgroup (Hagdorn and Simon 2005). places silty to sandy greyish to The abundance of consistently marine macrofossils yellow or olive marl is followed by distinguishes the formation from the underlying and over- an alteration of grey dolomite and lying formations, where macrofossils are rare or absent.The dark marl (Disler 1914; Hofmann only divergence to the former Swiss scheme concerns et al. 2000) the bituminous «Unterer Dolomit» hitherto considered as Overlying strata Zeglingen Formation (this paper) the base of the «Anhydritgruppe», and now incorporated Upper boundary Onset of the evaporitic facies. In into the top of the Kaiseraugst Formation. most cases, the Zeglingen Formation starts with a massive anhydrite bed. 3.2 Definition of the Kaiseraugst Formation In regard to clay mineralogy, the boundary corresponds to the onset of Names previously «Wellengebirge», further details are corrensite (e.g. Peters et al. 1989). in use given in Fig. 3. On the other hand, bituminous shale Origin of the name Name of the Swiss municipality on and dolomite, abundant in the the left bank of River Rhine where uppermost part of the Kaiseraugst part of the composite type section is Formation, disappear. localized Reorganisation of the Triassic stratigraphic nomenclature of northern Switzerland… 249

2600000 2650000 2700000 2750000

F D Germany

France Austria

Bern map section 55 42 Switzerland

21 Schwaderloch 34 28

49 48 17 9 50 60 51 50 Basel 49 47 40 48 37 47 48 44 Kaisten 43 Riniken 33 Kaiseraugst 25

23 36 10

30

40 20 41 Kaiseraugst Formation

Type and reference sections 1230000 1280000 1230000 1280000 Wells (thickness of the formation in m) 10 Isopach (in m) Transition to Vindelician mar- N ginal facies (Eschenbach Fm.) 01020km Kaiseraugst Fm. outcroping

2600000 2650000 2700000 2750000

Fig. 5 Outcrop, facies and isopach map of the Kaiseraugst Formation

The often bituminous «Unterer Occurrence Northern Switzerland, except Lake Dolomit» hitherto considered as the Constance area where the base of the «Anhydritgruppe» is now Kaiseraugst Formation is replaced by incorporated at the top of the the «Basissand» of Bu¨chi et al. Kaiseraugst Formation. (1965) which probably can be N.B. Pedogenic horizons correlated with the (dolocretes) and secondary sulfate «Muschelsandstein» of the deposits also occur in shale and Eschenbach Formation in southern dolomite of the Kaiseraugst Germany (e.g. Hagdorn and Simon, Formation. The discrimination 2005). (See Fig. 5 and discussion in criterion for the identification of the chapter 2.2) Zeglingen Formation is the presence Thickness 5–60 m (Fig. 5) of massive sulfates Chronostratigraphy Anisian (e.g., Hagdorn and Simon Subdivision Formally not yet established. 2005; Geyer et al. 2011) Traditional subdivision (from bottom to top): «Wellendolomit», «Wellenkalk» (or «Wellenmergel»), and «Orbicularis-Mergel» 250 P. Jordan

Description Dolomite, (crinoidal) limestone, Interpretation The sequence documents the setting marl and shale, often rich in marine up of a connection between the invertebrate fossils. Some levels northern Central European Basin and contain galenite, sphalerite, the Tethys ocean. The NNE to SEE chalcopyrite etc. (Hofmann 1985; tending axis of this ‘‘Swabian Hofmann et al. 2000). In some seaway’’ can be localized east of levels, ripple marks are found. today reaching Horizons with dolocretes, Northern Switzerland in the desiccation cracks and roots Schaffhausen area. It is charcterized document periods of emergence. by the domination of limestone In general, the sedimentary facies during the maximum flooding succession starts with a while in lateral domains dolomite transgressive sequence including and siliclastic intercalations are more partly sandy dolomite in alternation abundant (Hagorn and Nitsch 2009) with dolomitic marl. The high standisdocumentedbyan alternation of marl and subordinate 4 Zeglingen formation limestone. The succession ends with bituminous shale. The overall 4.1 Introduction transgressive–regressive cycle is superimposed by different The Zeglingen Formation includes the Anisian evaporitic subcycles (e.g. Go¨tz 2002). sequence and corresponds to the «Anhydritgruppe» The fossil record includes («Mittlerer Muschelkalk») of the traditional Swiss cephalopods (ceratitida as scheme (e.g. Mu¨ller et al. 1984, see also Fig. 3. The only Beneckeia buchi and nautilids), discrepancy concerns the «Unterer Dolomit» which is now bivalves, gastropods, brachiopods, part of the underlying Kaiseraugst Formation and was echinoderms. A typical fossil in the formerly considered as part of the «Anhydritgruppe» by bituminous upper part is the some authors (c.f. Matter et al. 1988). One reason is that bivalve Neoschizodus orbicularis the German stratigraphic scheme incorporates the «Unterer (Myophoria orbicularis in old Dolomit» into the Karlstadt Formation (former «Orbicu- literature). See Disler (1914)fora larismergel»), which corresponds to the upper part of the comprehensive fossil list. Kaiseraugst Formation. On the other hand, a close exami- Lateral equivalents The Kaiseraugst Formation nation shows that in most core reports, the boundary corresponds to the Freudenstadt between «Wellengebirge» and «Anhydritgruppe» was set Formation, Jena Formation, and at the base of the first massive anhydrite sequence. The Karlstadt Formation of southern newly defined boundary also corresponds to the morpho- Germany (DSK 2005; Geyer et al. logic change from carbonate-dominated rocks (below), 2011). Towards east, in the Lake which resist erosion, to more soluble sulphates (above). Constance area, the Kaiseraugst Formation is successively replaced 4.2 Definition of the Zeglingen formation by the Eschenbach Formation (DSK 2005; Geyer et al. 2011). Names previously «Anhydritgruppe», further details Towards south, parts of the in use are given in Fig. 3. Formation of the Helvetic domain Origin of the name Name of the municipality where the may be correlated with the type locality is situated Eschenbach Formation and thus Type section Gypsum quarry Wissbrunn in with the Kaiseraugst Formation Zeglingen BL (coord. 2636.250/ (Frey 1968) 1251.300), Sect. 24 in Merki (1961) Reorganisation of the Triassic stratigraphic nomenclature of northern Switzerland… 251

2600000 2650000 2700000 2750000

F D Germany

France Austria Zeglingen Formation missing

due to subrecent erosion 50 Bern map section 50

Switzerland 60 75 5 13 30-100 Böttstein

74 0-40 S 106 70 3 10-50 0-20 Zeglingen Formation 75 Zeglingen 150 Type and reference sections 2 37 50 Isopach (in m) of the total formation

2 Total thickness of halite in m

80 Actual occurence of halite 1230000 1280000 1230000 1280000 Border of original halite extent

Evidences for syn- to early post- >100 sedimentary subrosion

Halite completley dissolved by N subrecent subrosion

01020km Zeglingen Formation, primary without halite

2600000 2650000 2700000 2750000

Fig. 6 Facies and isopach map of the Zeglingen Formation. Occurence of rock salt deposits in Blumberg area following Bock and Simon (2009)

Type region Eastern Folded Jura disappear. The often bituminous Reference sections Bo¨ttstein borehole (coord. 2659.342/ «Unterer Dolomit» hitherto 1268.556), drilling metre considered as the base of the 197.20–261.00 (Peters et al. 1986): «Anhydritgruppe» is now with the exception of a very short incorporated into the Kaiseraugst sequence, fully cored. Borehole S Formation. N.B. Pedogenic horizons 106 (coord. 2619.825/1260.650) of (dolocretes) and secondary sulphate Schweizer (Rhein-) Salinen AG, deposits in shale and dolomite also drilling metre 430.9–567.6 (Widmer occur in the Kaiseraugst Formation. 1991): fully cored The discrimination criterion for the Underlying strata Kaiseraugst Formation (this paper) identification of the Zeglingen Lower boundary Onset of the evaporitic facies. In Formation is the presence of massive most cases, the Zeglingen sulphates Formation starts with a massive Overlying strata Schinznach Formation [Pietsch et al. anhydrite bed. In regard to clay 2015 (submitted/this volume)] mineralogy, the boundary Upper boundary Onset of thick bedded limestone and corresponds to the onset of dolomite above finely bedded corrensite (e.g., Peters et al. 1986). (stromatolitic) dolomite and, thus, On the other hand, bituminous termination of evaporitic sabkha shale and dolomite, abundant in the facies of the Zeglingen Formation by upper part of the Kaiseraugst subtidal marine carbonates (initially Formation, all limestone, now, in some regions partially dolomitised) 252 P. Jordan

Subdivision Formally not yet established. The Interpretation The Swiss salina basin with rock traditional subdivision (e.g. Widmer, (Fig. 6) salt deposits in its centre is part of 1991), from bottom to top: «Untere a greater marine system extending Sulfatzone», «Salzlager», «Obere from the northern Central Sulfatzone», and «Dolomitzone» (or European basin to the south along «Anhydritdolomit») can be further proto Rhenish structures and subdivided in eight subunits which further to the Burgundy basin in can be correlated between the main the Lyon area in France (Hagorn borehole sections (Dronkert et al. and Nitsch 2009). Dronkert et al. 1990) (1990) recognised a transgressive– Occurrence Northern Switzerland; rock salt regressive megacycle with eight deposits («Salzlager», informal) are meso-sequences and many sub- restricted to an area northwest of a sequences. The marine salt line Bern–Zurich–Schaffhausen deposits document a high stand (Fig. 6); in the outcrop area rock salt whichisfollowedbyaregression and—in a different extent— ending in a sabkha type costal sulphates are missing due to environment subrosion. They are represented by residual clay and collapse breccia Thickness 40–150 m (Fig. 6) 5 Definition of stratigraphic groups in the Triassic Chronostratigraphy Anisian (Illyrian) (e.g., Hagdorn and of northern Switzerland Simon 2005; Geyer et al. 2011) Description Massive and layered anhydrite (near 5.1 Introduction surface: gypsum), rock salt, insets and alternations of shale and Especially for mapping purposes and for the practical dolomite often containing magnesite, grouping of lithostratigraphic units for reports and core coelestine etc.; residuals like clay descriptions, the following stratigraphic groups are defined and breccias are found along the for Northern Switzerland in dependence to the German superficial outcrop area, as well as at stratigraphic scheme (Alberti 1834, 1864, for actual inter- several sites of syn- to early post- pretation see, e.g., Geyer et al. 2011) but with a small sedimentation subrosion (Dronkert divergence: et al. 1990) throughout the entire area (see Fig. 6) 5.2 Buntsandstein Group Lateral equivalents The Zeglingen Formation corresponds to the Heilbronn Name previously «Buntsandstein» (further details are Formation and Diemel Formation of in use given in Fig. 3). south-western Germany (DSK 2005; Subdivision Dinkelberg Formation (this paper) Geyer et al. 2011). Towards east, in Origin of the name Traditional name, referring to the the Lake Constance area, the variegated (mainly red) color of the Zeglingen Formation may be rocks, introduced to the stratigraphy replaced by the siliciclastic fluvial by Abraham Gottlob Werner in 1780 Grafenwo¨hr Formation (DSK 2005; (Hagdorn and Nitsch 1999) Geyer et al. 2011). However, Bu¨chi Underlying group Zechstein or Group et al. (1965) reports for the Benken, (informal in Switzerland, formally Berlingen and Kreuzlingen wells defined in Germany, e.g. Geyer et al. (Fig. 2) still the presence of sulphate 2011) sediments, i.e. the Zeglingen Overlying group Muschelkalk Group (this paper) Formation. Towards south, the Chronostratigraphy Olenekian to Anisian (DSK 2002) Zeglingen Formation may correspond to the lower parts of the Ro¨ti Formation of the Helvetic domain (Frey 1968) Reorganisation of the Triassic stratigraphic nomenclature of northern Switzerland… 253

Lateral equivalents Towards north and north-east: Upper Subdivision Klettgau Formation [Jordan et al. 2015 part of the Buntsandstein Group of (submitted/this volume)] and the southern Germany stratigraphic Ba¨nkerjoch Formation [Jordan et al. scheme (e.g. Geyer et al. 2011) 2015 (submitted/this volume)] which includes also older formations Origin of the Traditional description of crumbly marl with no equivalents in Switzerland name on top of the «Muschelkalk» in (hiatus). Towards south: parts of the southern Germany, for the first time Buntsandstein Group possibly introduced in the geological literature corresponds to the Mels Formation independently by Leopold von Buch, of the Helvetic domain (Frey 1968) Friedrich Hoffmann und Christian Keferstein in the 1820’s (Hagdorn and Nitsch 1999; Nitsch 2005) 5.3 Muschelkalk group Overlying «Lias » (informal, incorporates only the group Staffelegg Formation, Reisdorf et al. Name previously «Muschelkalk » (further details are 2011) in use given in Fig. 3). Underlying Muschelkalk Group (see above) Subdivision Kaiseraugst Formation (this paper), group Zeglingen Formation (this paper) Chronostratigr. Ladinian– (DSK 2005) and Schinznach Formation [Pietsch age et al. 2015 (submitted/this Lateral Towards north and north-east: Keuper volume)] equivalents Group of the southern Germany Origin of the name Traditional name, referring to stratigraphic scheme (Etzold and abundance of shells (mainly from Schweizer 2005) exclusive of the Erfurt brachiopods) at some places, Formation (DSK 2005) which correlates introduced to the stratigraphy by to the Asp Member of the Schinznach Georg Christian Fu¨chsel in 1761 Formation (see above) (Hagdorn and Nitsch 1999) Towards south Parts of the Keuper Group correspond Underlying group Buntsandstein Group (see above) to the Formation of the Overlying group Keuper Group (see below) Helvetic domain, while other parts are Chronostratigraphy Anisian to Ladinan (DSK 2002) wedging out [(Frey 1968; Jordan et al. Lateral equivalents Toward north and north-east: 2015 (submitted/this volume)] Muschelkalk Group of the southern Germany stratigraphic scheme (e.g. Geyer et al. 2011) together with the Acknowledgments This paper has benefited from valuable discus- underlying Erfurt Formation which sions, constructive reviews and useful suggestions from Peter Bitterli- Dreher, Hansruedi Bla¨si, Reto Burkhalter, Gaudenz Deplazes, is part of the German Keuper group Andreas Etzold, Hans Hagdorn, Heinz Furrer, Alain Morard, Edgar but correlates to the Asp Member of Nitsch, Johannes Pietsch and Andreas Wetzel. Special thanks are also the Schinznach Formation in due to the members of the Swiss Committee for Stratigraphy, and, Switzerland [Pietsch et al. 2015 especially of the Eastern sub group. The Swiss Geological Survey is thanked for financial support. (submitted/this volume)]. Towards south: Parts of the Muschelkalk Group corresponds to the Mels and References Ro¨ti Formation of the Helvetic domain (Frey 1968), while other Alberti, F.V. (1834). Beitrag zu einer Monographie des Bunten parts are wedging out Sandsteins, und und die Verbindung dieser gebilde zu einer Formation. Verlag der J. G. Cottaschen Buchhandlung, Stuttgart und Tu¨bingen, p. 366. ¨ 5.4 Keuper group Alberti, F.V. (1864). Ubersicht u¨ber die Trias mit Beru¨cksichtigung ihres Vorkommens in den Alpen. Verlag der J. G. Cottaschen Buchhandlung, Stuttgart, p. 353. Name «Keuper» (further details are given in Bitterli, T., , H.R., Matousek, F., & Wanner, M. (2000). Blatt previously in Fig. 3). 1050 Zurzach. Geol. Atlas der Schweiz 1:25,000, Erla¨uterungen use 102. Bundesamt fu¨r Wasser und Geologie, Bern, p. 98. 254 P. Jordan

Bitterli-Brunner, P., & Fischer, H. (1988). Erla¨uterungen zu Blatt 80 5., vo¨llig neu bearbeitete Auflage, Schweizerbart Stuttgart 2011, des Geol Atlas der Schweiz. Hg. von der Landeshy- p. 627. drologie und -geologie, p. 66. Go¨tz, A. E. (2002). Hochauflo¨sende Stratigraphie im Unteren Bitterli-Dreher, P., Graf, H.R., Naef, H., Diebold, P., Matousek, F., Muschelkalk (Mitteltrias, Anis) des Germanischen Beckens. In Burger, H., & Pauli-Gabi, T. (2007). Blatt 1070 . Geol. W. Rosendahl & A. Hoppe (Ed.), Angewandte Geowis- Atlas der Schweiz 1:25,000, Erla¨uterungen 120. Bundesamt fu¨r senschaften in Darmstadt. Schriftenreihe der Deutschen Geolo- Landestopografie swisstopo, p. 152. gischen Gesellschaft, Heft 15 (pp. 101–107). Bla¨si, H.R. (1995). Fazies, Diagenese und wasserfu¨hrende Systeme in Gsell, F. (1968). 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