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The Two-Piece Corinthian Capital and the Working Practice of Greek and Roman Masons
The two-piece Corinthian capital and the working practice of Greek and Roman masons Seth G. Bernard This paper is a first attempt to understand a particular feature of the Corinthian order: the fashioning of a single capital out of two separate blocks of stone (fig. 1).1 This is a detail of a detail, a single element of one of the most richly decorated of all Classical architec- tural orders. Indeed, the Corinthian order and the capitals in particular have been a mod- ern topic of interest since Palladio, which is to say, for a very long time. Already prior to the Second World War, Luigi Crema (1938) sug- gested the utility of the creation of a scholarly corpus of capitals in the Greco-Roman Mediter- ranean, and especially since the 1970s, the out- flow of scholarly articles and monographs on the subject has continued without pause. The basis for the majority of this work has beenformal criteria: discussion of the Corinthian capital has restedabove all onstyle and carving technique, on the mathematical proportional relationships of the capital’s design, and on analysis of the various carved components. Much of this work carries on the tradition of the Italian art critic Giovanni Morelli whereby a class of object may be reduced to an aggregation of details and elements of Fig. 1: A two-piece Corinthian capital. which, once collected and sorted, can help to de- Flavian period repairs to structures related to termine workshop attributions, regional varia- it on the west side of the Forum in Rome, tions,and ultimatelychronological progressions.2 second half of the first century CE (photo by author). -
Acanthus a Stylized Leaf Pattern Used to Decorate Corinthian Or
Historical and Architectural Elements Represented in the Weld County Court House The Weld County Court House blends a wide variety of historical and architectural elements. Words such as metope, dentil or frieze might only be familiar to those in the architectural field; however, this glossary will assist the rest of us to more fully comprehend the design components used throughout the building and where examples can be found. Without Mr. Bowman’s records, we can only guess at the interpretations of the more interesting symbols used at the entrances of the courtrooms and surrounding each of the clocks in Divisions 3 and 1. A stylized leaf pattern used to decorate Acanthus Corinthian or Composite capitals. They also are used in friezes and modillions and can be found in classical Greek and Roman architecture. Amphora A form of Greek pottery that appears on pediments above doorways. Examples of the use of amphora in the Court House are in Division 1 on the fourth floor. Atrium Inner court of a Roman-style building. A top-lit covered opening rising through all stories of a building. Arcade A series of arches on pillars. In the Middle Ages, the arches were ornamentally applied to walls. Arcades would have housed statues in Roman or Greek buildings. A row of small posts that support the upper Balustrade railing, joined by a handrail, serving as an enclosure for balconies, terraces, etc. Examples in the Court House include the area over the staircase leading to the second floor and surrounding the atria on the third and fourth floors. -
New Foreign Policy Developed at Paris
Average Daily Clreiilation For the Meath of Apra tM« The Weathef Forecast of D. S. WaaMiee Bofd^ 9,058 Showers fotteweid by partial Member of the Aodlt rlearing tonl||ht: fair and im - tlnoed mild Wedaeaday. / Bureau of Ctrentattons M a n c h e s t e r ^ o f VUhtge Charm VOL. LXV., NO. 197 (CtMeUei Advertlelaf on Page Ifi) MANCHESTEIV^ONN., TUESDAY, MAY 21,1946 (TWELVE PAGES) PRICE THREE CENTS / N -x. Washington CroWds See Army's P-80s Five Meet Death 8 V New Foreign Policy As Transport Hits Developed at Paris; 71-Story Building Army Plane, Lost in ! Viewed as Positive Size Dense Fog, Smashes j ‘ Into World', Foortb Qf Uniform Soldier Says Half Butter Van,l™l,ersjvit, Se^ Talle,! Building Amid i ''J J '' Pans ate Me e t i n g Has Towerk of New York New Order Trooper Led Supply Now 1 Solidified Americah Financial District ------ ,/ ^ • Stand to Write ‘Peace New YorkTMTy .—(A > )-'f««*»r«on Decrees Aol- 10 SCFVICGS Keeps," Based on 21 111 Massacre An . ArmyArmV transporttrnnunnrt plane,ninnp. I dtCTS Shall No^'^ltOng’ Justice atifI Nol ven- 1 • lost in dense fog as it groped' er Get Clotjkmg Too Accuses Nazi of Start- geatic^; Seek to EntI for Newark air base, smash- Government Buying for Large fo r Them ing Malniecly Slaying Apmistice Regimei ed into the world’s fourth Armed Forces Slash- tallest building amid the tow- Of Americans hy Fire Washington, May 21— Pin ing Huge Hole in Big^ Washington, Ma.v 21.—(yp; ers of the New York financial back your ears, ing With His Pistol —Senator Vandenberg (R., district last night and hurled back yopf ears, supply sergeants, City Markets Stocks four Army officers and a and listen to theth< secretary of war. -
Attic Pottery of the Later Fifth Century from the Athenian Agora
ATTIC POTTERY OF THE LATER FIFTH CENTURY FROM THE ATHENIAN AGORA (PLATES 73-103) THE 1937 campaign of the American excavations in the Athenian Agora included work on the Kolonos Agoraios. One of the most interesting results was the discovery and clearing of a well 1 whose contents proved to be of considerable value for the study of Attic pottery. For this reason it has seemed desirable to present the material as a whole.2 The well is situated on the southern slopes of the Kolonos. The diameter of the shaft at the mouth is 1.14 metres; it was cleared to the bottom, 17.80 metres below the surface. The modern water-level is 11 metres down. I quote the description from the excavator's notebook: The well-shaft, unusually wide and rather well cut widens towards the bottom to a diameter of ca. 1.50 m. There were great quantities of pot- tery, mostly coarse; this pottery seems to be all of the same period . and joins In addition to the normal abbreviations for periodicals the following are used: A.B.C. A n tiquites du Bosphore Cimmerien. Anz. ArchaiologischerAnzeiger. Deubner Deubner, Attische Feste. FR. Furtwangler-Reichhold, Griechische Vasenmxlerei. Kekule Kekule, Die Reliefs an der Balustrade der Athena Nike. Kraiker Kraiker,Die rotfigurigenattischen Vasen (Collectionof the ArchaeologicalIn- stitute of Heidelberg). Langlotz Langlotz, Griechische Vasen in Wiirzburg. ML. Monumenti Antichi Pu'bblicatiper Cura della Reale Accadenia dei Lincei. Rendiconti Rendiconti della Reale Accademia dei Lincei. Richter and Hall Richter and Hall, Red-Figured Athenian Vases in the Metropolitan Museum of Art. -
Ancient Lamps in the J. Paul Getty Museum
ANCIENT LAMPS THE J. PAUL GETTY MUSEUM Ancient Lamps in the J. Paul Getty Museum presents over six hundred lamps made in production centers that were active across the ancient Mediterranean world between 800 B.C. and A.D. 800. Notable for their marvelous variety—from simple clay saucers GETTYIN THE PAUL J. MUSEUM that held just oil and a wick to elaborate figural lighting fixtures in bronze and precious metals— the Getty lamps display a number of unprecedented shapes and decors. Most were made in Roman workshops, which met the ubiquitous need for portable illumination in residences, public spaces, religious sanctuaries, and graves. The omnipresent oil lamp is a font of popular imagery, illustrating myths, nature, and the activities and entertainments of daily life in antiquity. Presenting a largely unpublished collection, this extensive catalogue is ` an invaluable resource for specialists in lychnology, art history, and archaeology. Front cover: Detail of cat. 86 BUSSIÈRE AND LINDROS WOHL Back cover: Cat. 155 Jean Bussière was an associate researcher with UPR 217 CNRS, Antiquités africaines and was also from getty publications associated with UMR 140-390 CNRS Lattes, Ancient Terracottas from South Italy and Sicily University of Montpellier. His publications include in the J. Paul Getty Museum Lampes antiques d'Algérie and Lampes antiques de Maria Lucia Ferruzza Roman Mosaics in the J. Paul Getty Museum Méditerranée: La collection Rivel, in collaboration Alexis Belis with Jean-Claude Rivel. Birgitta Lindros Wohl is professor emeritus of Art History and Classics at California State University, Northridge. Her excavations include sites in her native Sweden as well as Italy and Greece, the latter at Isthmia, where she is still active. -
Junior High-High School Edition)
1 Glossary for the Virtual Tour (Junior High-High School Edition) A Acanthus – Representation of Acanthus plant leaf used in architecture and decorative arts as an ornamental motif, specifically in Classical architecture of the Greeks and Romans. Also used in the capital of the Corinthian order. Ad valorem taxes – Ad valorem is a Latin phrase meaning “according to the value,” meaning it is a tax proportional to the value of the underlying asset. Usually a type of property tax. Alabaster – A type of fine-grained gypsum that has been used for statuary, carvings, ornaments, church fittings, and monuments. Normally snow-white in color, however, it can be dyed or even be translucent depending on the treatment. Ante-chamber – A room that serves as a waiting area and entry to a larger chamber. Anthemion – A decoration in architecture consisting of radiating petals and used widely in Classical architecture. Arch – A curved structure, usually a doorway or gateway, that serves as support for a structure. Architect – A skilled person in the art of building, who designs complex structures such as government buildings, monuments, housing, etc. Architecture – The art and technique of designing and building. Architrave – In Classical architecture, the lowest section of the entablature (see entablature) directly above the capital of a column. Art Nouveau – Meaning “new art,” Art Nouveau is a style of art and architecture that was popular in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It is known by its floral designs, flowing lines, and curved tendrils. Attic – Denotes any portion of a wall above the main cornice (see cornice). -
History of Architecture
ART 21000: HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE Course Description: An introduction to the history of architecture of the Western World from the Stone Age to skyscrapers based on lectures, readings from the required texts, completion of the Architectural Vocabulary Project, and the study visit to Italy. Lectures and readings cover the historical development of architecture in the following topics: Stone Age, Egyptian & Mesopotamian, Greek, Roman, Early Christian, Romanesque, Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque, and the Modern Era to the present. Class Meetings: Tuesday & Thursday, 4-8pm Texts: Watkin & XanEdu Course Schedule: Mtg # Date Topics Readings 1 T 5/12 Stone Age, Egypt, Mesopotamia & Greece TBD 2 R 5/14 Rome TBD 3 T 5/19 Exam #1; Early Christian & Romanesque TBD 4 R 5/21 Romanesque & Gothic TBD 5 T 5/26 Exam #2 Renaissance TBD 6 R 5/28 Baroque TBD 7 T 6/2 Exam #3; 18th century & 19th century TBD 8 R 6/4 19th century TBD 9 T 6/9 20th century TBD 10 R 6/11 Exam #4; AVP.1 DUE; Walking Tour TBD 11 M-S 6/21- Study abroad to Italy 6/29 12 R 7/3 AVP.2 Due Homework Schedule: 10% of final grade. Homework will consist of writing 20 questions, answers, and citations on each topic based on the readings from Watkin and/or XanEdu. 5/19 HW 1 Stone Age, Egypt & Mesopotamia, Greek, and Roman 5/26 HW 2 Early Christian, Byzantine, Romanesque, and Gothic 6/2 HW 3 Renaissance & Baroque 6/11 HW 4 18th, 19th, and 20th centuries Grading: Homework (4) 10% Attendance (10) 10% Exams (4) 40% AVP. -
Old House Guide Glossary/Index of Terms -A- Abutment- a Solid
Old House Guide Glossary/Index of Terms -A- abutment- a solid piece of masonry used to support a projecting part of a structure acanthus- a common plant of the Mediterranean, whose leaves, stylized form the characteristic decoration of capitals of Corinthian and Composite orders. In scroll form it appears on friezes, panels, etc. adobe- mud brick dried in the sun; unburned brick of earth and straw; a structure made of such adaptive use- modifying a building for a use different from that for which it was originally designed. Old houses, for example are often adaptively used as professional offices. adobe- a sun-dried, unburned brick of earth and straw; a structure made of such bricks anthemion- a common Greek ornament based upon the honeysuckle or palmette; used singly or as a running ornament in friezes, cornices, iron work, etc; very adaptable decoration apron- “a decorative, raised panel immediately below a window sill. Particularly to be seen in Renaissance architecture” arcade- a series of arches supported by columns or piers; a building or part of a building with a series of arches often forming a covered passageway arch- “a structure of wedge-shaped blocks of material over an opening which support one another by mutual pressure basket- arch constructed with arcs from 3 centers resembling the handle of a basket compound, recessed- doorway, where a number of concentric arches are set within and behind each other; a series of arches, one on top of another, growing smaller as they move away from the surface and into the interior of the structure, a form of décor detailing used for the enhancement of the main portal or window. -
The Origins of the Athenian Ionic Capital
THE ORIGINS OF THE ATHENIAN IONIC CAPITAL (PLATES 55-60) A LTHOUGH NOT A PRIMARYCENTER for the development ofthe Ionic order dur- 1~ ing the 6th century,by 450 B.C. Athens had produced a local form of the Ionic capital with characteristicsdistinct from those of capitals from Ionia proper.1 The 6th-century Ionic capitals developed in East Greece and the Aegean islands differ from one another in details from region to region. All, however,share two principal elements: (1) the horizontal volute member, of which each end curls under to form a spiral or volute, and (2) under the volute, the echinus, a torus-shapedpiece with a half-round or ovolo profile, decorated first with pendent leaves in relief, and later, by the end of the 6th century,with egg-and-dart.2 The 5th-century Athenian Ionic capital differs from the eastern examples in two distinct ways. First, the echinus is no longer torus shaped but designed in two degrees. On the earliest examples the lower tier, where the echinus meets the top of the column shaft, has a cyma-reversa profile.3 On later versions the profile of the bottom tier is more often an 1 See Meritt 1993, pp. 314-325, esp. pp. 317-321, and Meritt 1996, pp. 125-136. The thesis of this article represents conclusions reached in my doctoral dissertation, VotiveColumns of theAegean Islands and on theAthenian Acropolis in theArchaic Period (New York University 1993). I am grateful to FrederickA. Cooper for suggesting votive columns as a topic, toJames R. McCredie for directing the dissertation, and to Evelyn B. -
Philadelphia 2017 State of Center City Philadelphia
2017 STATE OF CENTER CITY PHILADELPHIA 2017 STATE OF CENTER CITY PHILADELPHIA 660 CHESTNUT STREET PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 | 215.440.5500 | CENTERCITYPHILA.ORG CONTENTS INTRODUCTION & OVERVIEW 1 OFFICE 7 HEALTHCARE & HIGHER EDUCATION 14 CONVENTIONS, TOURISM & HOTELS 20 ARTS, CULTURE & CIVIC LIFE 26 RETAIL 30 EMPLOYMENT 36 TRANSPORTATION & ACCESS 46 DOWNTOWN LIVING 51 DEVELOPMENTS 60 CENTER CITY DISTRICT 65 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 75 CENTER CITY DISTRICT & CENTRAL PHILADELPHIA DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION | CENTERCITYPHILA.ORG INTRODUCTION James B. Abbott & OVERVIEW A DIVERSIFIED CENTER FOR EMPLOYMENT: Center City is the largest area where they live. The diversity of opportunity downtown place of employment in the city and region, with 292,746 wage makes this possible. While 38% of Center City jobs require at and salaried jobs and another 8,500 self-employed individuals, least a bachelor’s degree, 30% are accessible to those with an freelancers and those compensated as partners. Girard Avenue associate degree, while another 32% require no more than a to Tasker Street, river to river, is just 5.7% of the city’s land area, high school diploma. but generates 32% of all property tax revenue for the City and Diversification is the defining strength of downtown’s economy. School District, holds 42% of all jobs, and accounts for at least Professional, business and financial services, real estate and 43% of the wage tax generated by jobs in Philadelphia. information — prime office-using industries — account for Located at the center of the region’s transit and highway 39.6% of downtown jobs, occupying almost 41 million square network, 49% of downtown jobs are held by commuters from feet of space. -
Chapter XI: the Problem of the Palmette
H. J. Kantor - Plant Ornament in the Ancient Near East, Chapter XI: The Problem of the Palmette CHAPTER XI THE PROBLEM OF THE PALMETTE Only after having described the history of plant design in the Aegean and after having filled in the background of connections traceable between Egypt and Northern Mediterranean lands during the Middle and New Kingdoms, are we fully equipped to discuss the problem of the palmette. We have seen that, in view of the influence exerted by the Aegean on some features of Egyptian art, there were relatively few points of contact in plant ornament. In this field the greatest importance of the Aegean lies in the possibility that it may shed some light on the origin of the palmette. It has already been demonstrated that, save for the three-leaved and fan palmettes, the Eighteenth Dynasty plant hybrids are built up of elements that are thoroughly Egyptian in character. In addition, the additive process of composition by which the designs were formed has been revealed as a feature closely interlocked with typical Egyptian cultural traits: the important place which flowers occupied in many different activities, the manner in which actual blooms were treated by the florists, and the respect which the Egyptian designer retained for the identity and representative character of individual motives. The additive principal of Egyptian design can explain the process of the construction of the palmette, as well as that of the other South-flower hybrids. The long history of the South-flower in Egypt is clear. In no other country of the ancient Near East is the stage so well set for the appearance of the palmette as in Egypt. -
Corpus Vasorum Antiquorum, Fascicule 5
CORPVS VASORVM ANTIQVORVM UNITED STATES OF AMERICA • FASCICULE 29 The J. Paul Getty Museum, Malibu, Fascicule 5 This page intentionally left blank UNION ACADÉMIQUE INTERNATIONALE CORPVS VASORVM ANTIQVORVM THE J. PAUL GETTY MUSEUM • MALIBU Molly and Walter Bareiss Collection Mycenaean, Faience, East Greek, Proto-Corinthian, Corinthian, Laconian, Euboean, Chalcidian, Attic geometric, Attic black-figure, Attic network, Attic black body, Attic black glaze, Apulian, Gnathia, Daunian, Lucanian, Campanian, Sicilian, Lead glaze, and Arretine MARIT R. JENTOFT-NILSEN in collaboration with A. D. TRENDALL THE J. PAUL GETTY MUSEUM FASCICULE 5 • [U.S.A. FASCICULE 29] 1994 LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA Corpus vasorum antiquorum. [United States of America.] The J. Paul Getty Museum, Malibu. (Corpus vasorum antiquorum. United States of America; fasc. 23, 29) At head of title : Union académique internationale. Includes bibliographical references and indexes. Contents: fasc. 1. Molly and Walter Bareiss Collection: Attic black-figured amphorae, neck-amphorae, kraters, stamnos, hydriai, and fragments of undetermined closed shapes / Andrew J. Clark—[etc.]— fasc. 5. Molly and Walter Bareiss Collection: Mycenaean, Faience, East Greek, Proto-Corinthian, Corinthian, Laconian, Euboean, Chalcidian, Attic geometric, Attic black-figure, Attic network, Attic black body, Attic black glaze, Apulian, Gnathia, Daunian, Lucanian, Campanian, Sicilian, Lead glaze and Arretine/ Marit R. Jentoft-Nilsen in collaboration with A. D. Trendall. 1. Vases, Greek—Catalogs. 2. Bareiss, Molly—Art collections—Catalogs. 3. Bareiss, Walter—Art collections—Catalogs. 4. Vases—Private collections— California—Malibu—Catalogs. 5. Vases—California— Malibu— Catalogs. I.J. Paul Getty Museum—Catalogs. II. Clark, Andrew J., 1949- III. Jentoft-Nilsen, Marit R., 1938- . IV.