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Science and Education SCIENCE AND EDUCATION Novosibirsk has 165,000 students; more than two dozen higher education institutes and forty R & D centers Novosibirsk ranks fourth in Russia in the number of students per 10,000 people. The number increases by 12% on average every year. The Novosibirsk region has become one of the first Russian regions to develop an area law on developing innovation. More than half of all PhDs and other post graduates in the Siberian Federal District work in Novosibirsk Novosibirsk State University is ranked as one of the top 200 universities in the world. Science and education Alexandra Starikova, analyst, Economics division, MARCHMONT Capital Partners Academic science The chief advantage and specific characteristic of the Novosibirsk region is a high concentration of R&D institutes and sector-specific universities here. Regional science's significant role in all aspects of the region's development is hard to overestimate. The intellectual creativity of the region's scientific community influences the whole population of the Novosibirsk region. The Academy lic methods of mining development to an and Far East cities this number will deciphering ancient texts… And this new then exceed 40. This science city is Rus- of Science Siberian Division science city is just the first of several oth- sia's largest scientific hub. "Deep in the Siberian woods, in a close ers of this kind that the Soviets plan to Over a short period of time scientists proximity of a large artificial lake, the build in Siberia". from the Siberian Division developed a Soviet Union is building one of the world's This is how Akademgorodok was de- blizzard of new products. The economic most astonishing scientific centers. The scribed by William Benton, the publisher effect received from their production has consequence of this may be disastrous for of the Encyclopedia Britannica. significantly surpassed the entire cost of us... The new complex, the construction If we ignore the parts of his article that establishing Akademgorodok. of which is coming to an end, is the bright- were obviously influenced by the Cold est symbol of the Soviet intellectual chal- War, we'll see that the author was defi- lenge to the West... The center will be the nitely right about one thing: Akadem- All of Russia participated place not only for high level theoretical gorodok has grown into Siberia's largest research but a large number of practical scientific center. Today it houses over 20 The whole country participated in the issues will be also solved there such as large R&D institutes. If one also counts creation of the Russian Academy of Sci- relating to various domains from hydrau- scientific establishments in other Siberi- ence's Siberian Division. The unbelieva- bly fast development of the new scien- tific center was due to constant support from state authorities and from the USSR Academy of Science. Whole scientific schools were moved to Siberia. One of the principles established by the father of the center, Academician Lavrentyev, was the novel idea of moving of entire scientific teams headed by famous scien- tists to Novosibirsk. This year is Akademgorodok's fiftieth anniversary. Today it is a world-respect- ed scientific center. It's unique not only in its prodigious scientific output, but also in terms of its intellectual, cultural and spiritual influence. Akademgorodok has always attracted scientists from all over the world and will continue to do so into the next century. The lessons learned from establishing the Siberian Division have been used in organizing two other regional subdivisions of the Russian Academy of Science. These are the Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, which in- General informatoin cludes a scientific center and seven R&D institutes, and the Siberian Division of the 36 institutes and 1 scientific and engineering center are concentrated in the Novosibirsk scientific Russian Academy of Agricultural Scienc- center belonging to the Russian Academy of Science's Siberian Division. es, which includes nine institutes. All these Over 10,000 people work in scientific establishments across the Novosibirsk region. There are: institutes cooperate with each other and about 1,000 PhDs and 2,500 earning PhDs. undertake joint research work. The number of researchers under 33 years old has increased up to 20% and at some universities The Russian Academy of Science's Sibe- the number of young specialists reaches 40–45%. rian Division is the region's largest scien- tific center. Its focus is research and design 60 Fundamental research as well as production. Approximately half of the scientific potential of the Siberian The history of setting up Akademgorodok Division is concentrated in the Novosibirsk and the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science region's Akademgorodok. The Division has The idea of building Akademgorodok near Novosibirsk was conceived in the 1950's. Its father was Acade- developed and uses research equipment mician Mikhail Lavrentiev. Realizing that the life of a scientist can be hectic, he believed that scientific that has national importance. These ad- vanced instruments include the world's research would flourish in an area of Russia where new ideas and new manufacturing were just beginning. only colliding beams boosters, a free elec- And he felt that the ideal place was Siberia. tron laser and a solar radio telescope. In By the end of the 1950's, 10% of the Soviet Union's manufacturing was concentrated in Siberia. Despite addition the Division also has wind tun- this growth, it accounted for only 1–2% of the country's scientific potential. The research-scientific nels and supercomputer centers. institutes in Siberia were mainly studying mineral resources. Solving large-scale fundamental scientific problems were simply beyond their professional expertise. The most expert Russian science was concen- trated in Moscow and Leningrad (now St Petersburg). But these cities were too far away to cope with Shared resources developing the region's manufacturing and exploring the natural resources of Siberia and the Far East. spurs development Lavrentiev knew this and remembered Lomonosov's words that "the power of Russia will be increased Fundamental research requires highly- with the help of Siberia". Speaking to colleagues, Lavrentiev enlisted the support of fellow Academicians trained personnel. Supplying this training Sergey Sobolev and Sergey Hristianovich. All three of these scientists were well-known all over the world. are the resources and teaching staff of the Each of them had vast experience in organizational, administrative and teaching work as well. Novosibirsk University, created simultane- On May 18th, 1957, acting on their joint proposal, the Council of Ministers adopted a resolution "On ously with the Siberian Division, which Setting up the Siberian Branch of the Soviet Academy of Science". cooperates closely with other universities and scientific centers in Siberia. The Sibe- Founding fathers rian Division also carries out extensive Mikhail Lavrentiev (1900–1980) was a prominent scientist, founder and the specialist training programs in science, first chairman of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science. He estab- education and business. As a result, the lished a school of detonation usage in national economy sectors such as mining, number of researchers under 33 years old was one of the first developers of the first Russian computers, participated in has increased up to 20% and at some uni- versities this figure reaches 40–45%. setting up Moscow Physics Technical Institute, a new kind of higher educational The number of post-graduate students establishment. has also increased significantly. At The first working specimen of a Soviet "electric computing machine" was developed present the Russian Academy of Science's in Kiev in 1950. Mikhail Lavrentiev realized the importance of developing computer- Siberian Division is the acknowledged based mathematics and necessity of overtaking the USA and England in this field. He discovered Sergey world leader in fundamental scientific Lebedev, a talented scientist, engineer and manager, capable of making a breakthrough; provided neces- research. The diversity of Siberian-devel- sary conditions for him, supported his creative ideas and helped him solving complicated tasks. During oped scientific product technology is im- these years, M.A.Lavrenetiev refined his scientific and organizational activity and later applied it on a large pressive: information technology prod- scale setting up and developing the Siberian branch of the Russian Academy of Science. His skill in finding ucts, catalytic systems and fuel elements, electron-beam and impulse technology, talented people with fresh, prospective ideas, dealing with top authorities to receive support and solving nanotechnology, power electronics and resource problems was exceptional. biotechnology. Sergey Sobolev (1908–1989) was a Russian mathematician, one of the greatest All of these achievements are shaping mathematicians of the 20 century, whose fundamental research opened a number the future of Russia's national economy of scientific trends in modern mathematics. and the country's defense potential. From 1957 to 1983 Sobolev was the head of the Institute of Mathematics at the Siberian Branch of the Academy of Science where he established powerful Novosi- birsk schools of computing mathematics and programming. He was remarkable not Scientific centres only for his wide scientific intelligence,
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