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Významné Brody a Mosty V Oblasti Dolnomoravského Úvalu

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Významné Brody a Mosty V Oblasti Dolnomoravského Úvalu Univerzita Palackého v Olomouci Přírodovědecká fakulta Katedra geografie Bc. Veronika PULKRÁBKOVÁ VÝZNAMNÉ BRODY A MOSTY V OBLASTI DOLNOMORAVSKÉHO ÚVALU Diplomová práce Vedoucí práce: RNDr. Aleš LÉTAL, Ph.D. Olomouc 2018 Bibliografický záznam Autor (osobní číslo): Veronika PULKRÁBKOVÁ (R150121) Studijní obor: Regionální geografie Název práce: Významné brody a mosty v oblasti Dolnomoravského úvalu Title of thesis: Important fords and bridges in the Dolnomoravský úval lowland Vedoucí práce: RNDr. Aleš Létal, Ph.D. Rozsah práce: 154 stran, 13 stran vázaných příloh Abstrakt: Práce je zaměřena na lokalizaci a identifikaci brodů a mostů v povodí Dyje a Moravy v oblasti Dolnomoravského úvalu. Na základě map I. a II. vojenského mapování jsou bodově znázorněny potvrzené a nepotvrzené brody, mosty a přívozy. Součástí práce je také doložení existence významných objektů z literatury, mapových i jiných zdrojů včetně jejich ověření terénním výzkumem. Klíčová slova: Dolnomoravský úval, brod, most, I. vojenské mapování, II. vojenské mapování Abstract: The thesis is focused on the localization and identification of the fords and bridges in the Dyje and Morava basin in the area of Dolnomoravský úval lowland. There are point illustrated confirmed and unconfirmed fords, bridges and ferries based on maps I. and II. Military mapping. Part of the work is also documenting the existence of significant objects from literature, maps and other sources, including their field research. Key words: Dolnomoravský úval lowland, ford, bridge, the First Military Survey, the Second Military Survey Čestné prohlášení Prohlašuji, že jsem diplomovou práci navazujícího magisterského studia oboru Regionální geografie vypracovala samostatně pod vedením RNDr. Aleše Létala, Ph.D. Všechny použité materiály a zdroje jsou citovány s ohledem na vědeckou etiku, autorská práva a zákony na ochranu duševního vlastnictví. V Olomouci dne 17. dubna 2018 podpis______________ Děkuji vedoucímu práce panu RNDr. Aleši Létalovi, Ph.D. za ochotu, rady a připomínky při vypracování práce. Za poskytnutá data děkuji panu Emilovi Kordiovskému, Státnímu okresnímu archivu Břeclav se sídlem v Mikulově a Státnímu okresnímu archivu Uherské Hradiště. Obsah 1. ÚVOD ............................................................................................................................................9 2. VYMEZENÍ ÚZEMÍ .................................................................................................................... 10 3. CÍLE PRÁCE ............................................................................................................................... 11 4. METODIKA PRÁCE.................................................................................................................... 12 5. VÝVOJ MOSTŮ NA ČESKÉM ÚZEMÍ A V EVROPĚ ............................................................... 14 5.1 Pravěk (3 miliony - 4 000 př. n. l.) ........................................................................................... 14 5.2 Starověk (4 000 př. n. l. - 7 stol. n. l.)....................................................................................... 16 5.3 Raný středověk (8. – 11. stol. n. l) ........................................................................................... 19 5.4 Vrcholný a pozdní středověk (12. – 15. stol. n. l.) .................................................................... 21 5.5 Novověk (16. – 18. stol. n. l.) .................................................................................................. 24 5.6 Moderní dějiny (19. – 21- stol. n. l.) ........................................................................................ 25 6. TYPY MOSTŮ ............................................................................................................................. 33 6.1 Podle účelu ............................................................................................................................. 33 6.2 Podle konstrukce ..................................................................................................................... 33 6.3 Podle předpokládané doby trvání stavby .................................................................................. 34 6.4 Podle půdorysného uspořádání ................................................................................................ 34 6.5 Podle konstrukčního řešení mostovky ...................................................................................... 35 6.6 Podle použitého materiálu ....................................................................................................... 35 7. BRODY, MOSTY A PŘÍVOZY NA ÚZEMÍ DOLNOMORAVSKÉHO ÚVALU V 18. A 19. STOLETÍ ......................................................................................................................................... 36 7.1 Brody, mosty a přívozy v 18. století na mapě I. vojenské mapování ......................................... 43 7.1.1 Hradisko ........................................................................................................................... 45 7.1.2 Břeclav ............................................................................................................................. 47 7.1.3 Hodonín ........................................................................................................................... 53 7.1.4 Hustopeče......................................................................................................................... 57 7.1.5 Napajedla ......................................................................................................................... 57 7.1.6 Uherské Hradiště .............................................................................................................. 58 7.2 Brody, mosty a přívozy v 19. století na mapě II. vojenské mapování ........................................ 60 7.2.1 Břeclav ............................................................................................................................. 61 7.2.2 Hodonín ........................................................................................................................... 69 7.2.3 Kyjov ............................................................................................................................... 71 7.2.4 Napajedla ......................................................................................................................... 72 7.2.5 Uherské Hradiště .............................................................................................................. 73 8. VÁLEČNÉ ŠKODY NA MOSTECH V DOLNOMORAVSKÉM ÚVALU V LETECH 1939- 1945 ......................................................................................................................................................... 78 8.1 Silniční mosty ......................................................................................................................... 79 8.2 Železniční mosty ..................................................................................................................... 82 8.3 Škody na mostech na katastrálním území obcí ......................................................................... 84 9. MOSTY DOLNOMORAVSKÉHO ÚVALU V SOUČASNOSTI ............................................... 104 10. BRODY, MOSTY A PŘÍVOZY NA ÚZEMÍ DOLNOMORAVSKÉHO ÚVALU V19. STOLETÍ A V SOUČASNOSTI ..................................................................................................................... 119 10.1 Břeclav ................................................................................................................................ 119 10.2 Hodonín .............................................................................................................................. 121 10.3 Hustopeče ........................................................................................................................... 123 10.4 Kyjov .................................................................................................................................. 125 10.5 Napajedla ............................................................................................................................ 127 10.6 Uherské Hradiště ................................................................................................................. 129 10.7 Velká nad Veličkou ............................................................................................................. 131 11. ZÁVĚR..................................................................................................................................... 133 SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................... 134 SEZNAM POUŽITÝCH ZDROJŮ ................................................................................................. 135 SEZNAM PŘÍLOH......................................................................................................................... 142 1. ÚVOD Dolnomoravský úval je protkán četnou sítí vodních toků (včetně dvou hlavních: řeky Dyje a Moravy), silničních a železničních komunikací a také touto oblastí prochází dálnice D2. Již od pravěku, kdy se začaly formovat první stezky, lidé museli překonávat překážky a to bylo možné dvěma způsoby: přemostěním nebo brodem. Proto jsou tyto objekty důležitým prvkem krajiny od počátku lidstva. Stavění mostů je považováno za jedno
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