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Empirical Study on Conservative Radicals in 1918-1928
International Journal of Research e-ISSN: 2348-6848 p-ISSN: 2348-795X Available at https://edupediapublications.org/journals Volume 04 Issue 10 September 2017 Empirical Study on Conservative Radicals in 1918-1928 Ms. Neelam Asst. Professore Govt. PG College Jind ABSTRACT In the years after the First World War various paramilitary organizations were set up in Bavaria with the communicated motivation behind keeping a comrade revolution in the state. Energized by Germany's and Bavaria's Social Democratic leaders, military officers and men of means shaped Freikorps units to topple the Spartacist revolt in Berlin in January 1919 and the Räterepublik in Munich in April 1919. After the apparition of revolution retreated these groups did not disband but rather revamped themselves as paramilitary leagues. In Bavaria the most critical of these early organizations was the Civil Defense Guards, or Einwohnerwehr, which was prevailing after 1921 by Bund Bayern und Reich. In the years that took after the two groups worked perseveringly to force their ideological engraving on Bavaria, however bombed in the primary. In any case, through their endeavors they set patterns and spread thoughts that would later be taken up by Adolf Hitler and his Nazi Party. INTRODUCTION period and formed their perspective of the republic. At long last, the Einwohnerwehr This is an investigation of paramilitary and Bund Bayern und Reich offered politics in Bavaria amid the early and respectability to thoughts and propensities center a very long time of the Weimar that would be misused by organizations, Republic. Specifically it is an examination similar to the Nazi Party, which much of two organizations: the Einwohnerwehr more revolutionary in their objectives. -
Catholic and Protestant Faith Communities in Thuringia After the Second World War, 1945-1948
Catholic and Protestant faith communities in Thuringia after the Second World War, 1945-1948 A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in History in the University of Canterbury By Luke Fenwick University of Canterbury 2007 Table of contents Abstract 1 Acknowledgements 2 List of abbreviations 4 List of figures and maps 5 Introduction 6 Chapter 1: The end of the war, the occupiers and the churches 28 Chapter 2: The churches and the secular authorities, 1945-1948 51 Chapter 3: Church efforts in pastoral and material care, 1945-1948 77 Chapter 4: Church popularity and stagnation, 1945-1948 100 Chapter 5: The social influence of the churches: native Thuringians and refugees 127 Chapter 6: The churches, the Nazi past and denazification 144 Chapter 7: Church conceptions of guilt and community attitudes to the Nazi past 166 Conclusion: The position and influence of the churches 183 Maps 191 Bibliography 197 II Abstract In 1945, many parts of Germany lay in rubble and there was a Zeitgeist of exhaustion, apathy, frustration and, in places, shame. German society was disorientated and the Catholic and Protestant churches were the only surviving mass institutions that remained relatively independent from the former Nazi State. Allowed a general religious freedom by the occupying forces, the churches provided the German population with important spiritual and material support that established their vital post-war role in society. The churches enjoyed widespread popular support and, in October 1946, over 90 percent of the population in the Soviet zone (SBZ) claimed membership in either confession. -
German Expedition to Tibet (1938-1939)
ASIA PROGRAMME GERMAN EXPEDITION TO TIBET (1938-1939) BY CHARLIE CARON PhD Student, EPHE-ICP JANUARY 2021 ASIA FOCUS #153 ASIA FOCUS #153 – ASIA PROGRAMME / January 2021 n 1938, five German scientists embarked on an extraordinary quest. They risked I their lives crossing the highest mountains in the world to reach one of the most remote kingdoms: Tibet. The scientific expedition was officially tasked with researching the zoology and anthropology of the country. But eventually, the data collected for the SS1 would serve a much darker purpose. Their secret mission was to discover the origins of the Aryan race, and the vestiges of this civilization, which would have disappeared on the roof of the world. This endeavour would allow the Nazis to rewrite history and forge a new past, allowing them to legitimize the new world they claimed to set up at the time: that of a pure Reich, to last 1,000 years. The expedition, led by Heinrich Himmler, was under the direction of the Ahnenerbe Forschungs und Lehrgemeinschaft, the Society for Research and Education on Ancestral Inheritance. This multidisciplinary research institute sought to study the sphere, the spirit, the achievements and the heritage of the Nordic Indo-European race, with archaeological research, racial anthropology and cultural history of the Aryan race. Its aim was to prove the validity of Nazi theories on the racial superiority of the Aryans over supposedly inferior races, as well as to Germanize the sufficiently pure inhabitants of the Nazi Lebensraum. ERNST SCHÄFER GERMAN EXPEDITION -
Ethnic German Refugees and Expellees in (West) Germany, 1945 - 2008
White 1 Stories of Integration: Ethnic German Refugees and Expellees in (West) Germany, 1945 - 2008 by Janine White Henry Rutgers Scholars A thesis in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Henry Rutgers Scholars Program Written under the direction of Belinda Davis and Jochen Hellbeck Departments of History and German Rutgers College April 2008 White 2 Table of Contents Introduction...................................................................................................................................3 1. The Flight, Expulsion and Integration of Refugees and Expellees into the Federal Republic of Germany.........................................................................................20 2. Crabwalk: A Literary Perspective on the Story of Flight............................................................42 3. The Contemporary Challenge to Commemorate this Past..........................................................73 4. Two Refugees' Stories of Integration........................................................................................11 Conclusion.................................................................................................................................146 Bibliography..............................................................................................................................153 White 3 Introduction As the Red Army advanced westward and the Allies shifted Europe's borders at the end of World War II, approximately 12-14 million ethnic Germans living throughout Central -
Nazi-Deutsch/Nazi-German
Last EH on Page iii Nazi-Deutsch/Nazi German An English Lexicon of the Language of the Third Reich ROBERT MICHAEL and KARIN DOERR Forewords by Paul Rose Leslie Morris Wolfgang Mieder GREENWOOD PRESS Westport, Connecticut • London iv First EH on Page Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Michael, Robert, 1936– Nazi-Deutsch/Nazi German : an English lexicon of the language of the Third Reich / Robert Michael and Karin Doerr ; forewords by Paul Rose, Leslie Morris and Wolfgang Mieder. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0–313–32106–X (alk. paper) 1. German language—Dictionaries—English. 2. German language—Government jargon—Dictionaries. 3. National socialism—Terminology—Dictionaries. 4. Nazis—Language—Dictionaries. 5. Germany—History—1933–1945. 6. German language—Political aspects. 7. Propaganda, German. I. Title: Nazi-German. II. Doerr, Karin, 1951– III. Title. PF3680.M48 2002 943.086'03—dc21 2001042328 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data is available. Copyright © 2002 by Robert Michael and Karin Doerr All rights reserved. No portion of this book may be reproduced, by any process or technique, without the express written consent of the publisher. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 2001042328 ISBN: 0-313-32106-X First published in 2002 Greenwood Press, 88 Post Road West, Westport, CT 06881 An imprint of Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc. www.greenwood.com Printed in the United States of America The paper used in this book complies with the Permanent Paper Standard issued by the National Information Standards Organization (Z39.48-1984). 10987654321 Contents Foreword by Paul Rose vii Foreword by Leslie Morris xi Foreword by Wolfgang Mieder xv Preface xix Acknowledgments xxi The Tradition of Anti-Jewish Language by Robert Michael 1 Nazi-Deutsch: An Ideological Language of Exclusion, Domination, and Annihilation by Karin Doerr 27 Lexicon 47 Appendix 459 Select Bibliography 477 Last EH on Page vi To the six million dead Jews and to all the victims of Nazism. -
The Einwohnerwehr, Bund Bayern Und Reich, and the Limits of Paramilitary Politics in Bavaria, 1918-1928 Roy G
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Dissertations, Theses, & Student Research, History, Department of Department of History 4-2010 Conservative Radicals: The Einwohnerwehr, Bund Bayern und Reich, and the Limits of Paramilitary Politics in Bavaria, 1918-1928 Roy G. Koepp University of Nebraska - Lincoln Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/historydiss Part of the History Commons Koepp, Roy G., "Conservative Radicals: The Einwohnerwehr, Bund Bayern und Reich, and the Limits of Paramilitary Politics in Bavaria, 1918-1928" (2010). Dissertations, Theses, & Student Research, Department of History. 29. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/historydiss/29 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the History, Department of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses, & Student Research, Department of History by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Conservative Radicals: The Einwohnerwehr, Bund Bayern und Reich, and the Limits of Paramilitary Politics in Bavaria, 1918-1928 By Roy G. Koepp A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of The Graduate College at the University of Nebraska In Partial Fulfillment of Requirements For the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Major: History Under the Supervision of Professor Alan E. Steinweis Lincoln, Nebraska April 2010 Conservative Radicals: The Einwohnerwehr, Bund Bayern und Reich, and the Limits of Paramilitary Politics in Bavaria, 1918-1928 Roy George Koepp, Ph.D. University of Nebraska, 2010 Advisor: Alan E. Steinweis In the years after the First World War numerous paramilitary organizations were set up in Bavaria with the expressed purpose of preventing a communist revolution in the state. -
Class Composition in the Making and Defeat of the Bavarian Council Republic
De-centering the Revolution: Class Composition in the Making and Defeat of the Bavarian Council Republic Simon Schaupp University of Basel, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Basel, Switzerland Received 18 April 2019, revised 14 January 2020, accepted 12 February 2020 https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms Abstract In November 1918, the labor movement of Bavaria, Germany, overthrew the monarchist government and, in April 1919, proclaimed a Bavarian Council Republic (BCR). This article analyzes the revolution and its defeat through the lens of class composition theory, thereby suggesting some revisions to the latter. The technical composition of the Bavarian working class fostered the concept of self-management, which lay at the heart of the councils as the organizational form of the revolution. However, it also nur- tured authoritarian potentials, which were more in line with-counter revolutionary posi- tions. The article suggests that class composition theory must be expanded by the notion of social composition, taking into account struggles over reproduction and consumption: Inflation, unemployment, food shortages, and disease led to a crisis in material reproduc- tion, which in turn led large parts of the unemployed and of the women’s movement to become radical revolutionaries. The article argues to conceptualize technical and social class composition to be in a dialectical relationship with political composition. It thus , subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at emphasizes the role of ideologies of anti-Semitism and anti-feminism, both within the counter-revolution and the revolution itself. While the combination of different struggles for emancipation contributed to the early successes of the revolution, their ideological division was as an important factor in its defeat. -
Hitler: Speeches and Proclamations, Volume II
Includes the complete text of Domarus’ original German 4-volume set, and the 4-volume English translation on CD The Complete HITLER A Digital Desktop Reference to His Speeches and Proclamations 1932–1945 Max Domarus Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers, Inc. Wauconda, Illinois USA The Complete Hitler A Digital Desktop Reference to His Speeches and Proclamations 1932-1945 Max Domarus © 2007 Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved. Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers, Inc. 1000 Brown Street Wauconda, IL 60084 USA www.bolchazy.com Produced in the United States of America 2007 by Media Services ISBN 978-0-86516-658-5 HITLER Speeches and Proclamations VOLUME II HITLER Speeches and Proclamations 1932–1945 Volume I 1932–1934 Volume II 1935–1938 Volume III 1939–1940 Volume IV 1941–1945 MAX DOMARUS HITLER Speeches and Proclamations 1932–1945 THE CHRONICLE OF A DICTATORSHIP VOLUME TWO The Years 1935 to 1938 BOLCHAZY-CARDUCCI PUBLISHERS TRANSLATED FROM THE GERMAN BY CHRIS WILCOX AND MARY FRAN GILBERT Published by Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers 1000 Brown Street, Unit 101 Wauconda, IL, 60084 United States of America Copyright © 1992 by Wolfgang Domarus Originally published in German: Hitler. Reden und Proklamationen 1932–1945. Copyright © 1962, 1963, 1973 by Max Domarus, 1987 by Wolfgang Domarus American translation copyright © 1992 by Wolfgang Domarus The copyright includes the entirety of Adolf Hitler’s words as translated for this work. Licensing by Domarus Verlag Postfach, D8700 Würzburg 21, West Germany All rights reserved Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Domarus, Max: Hitler. Speeches and Proclamations 1932–1945. Volume II: The Years 1935 to 1938. 1. -
Mihai I. Spariosu S U the Growing Interdependence of the Local and the Global Demand Innovative R
M a k i n g s e n s Making sense of e o Making sense of History f History H i s Studies in Metahistory, Historiography, Historical Culture, and Intercultural Communication t o r General Editor: Jörn Rüsen, Institute for Cultural Studies, Essen Bridging the gap between historical theory and the y study of historical memory, this series crosses the boundaries between both academic disciplines and cultural, social, political, and historical contexts. M i In an age of rapid globalization, which tends to manifest itself on an economic and political level, locating the h cultural practices involved in generating its underlying historical sense is an increasingly urgent task. a i S p REMAPPING KNOWLEDGE a r Intercultural Studies for a Global Age i o Mihai I. Spariosu s u The growing interdependence of the local and the global demand innovative R approaches to human development. Such approaches, the author argues, ought e to be based on the emerging ethics of global intelligence, defined as the ability m to understand, respond to, and work toward what will benefit all human beings a and will support and enrich all life on this planet. As no national or supranational p authority can predefine or predetermine it, global intelligence involves p i long-term, collective learning processes and can emerge only from continuing n intercultural research, dialogue, and cooperation. In this book, the author g elaborates the basic principles of a new field of intercultural studies, oriented K toward global intelligence. He proposes concrete research and educational n programs that would help create intercultural learning environments designed to o stimulate sustainable human development throughout the world. -
German Expedition to Tibet (1938-1939) Charlie Caron
German Expedition to Tibet (1938-1939) Charlie Caron To cite this version: Charlie Caron. German Expedition to Tibet (1938-1939). Asia focus, IRIS, 2021. hal-03264591 HAL Id: hal-03264591 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03264591 Submitted on 13 Jul 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. ASIA PROGRAMME GERMAN EXPEDITION TO TIBET (1938-1939) BY CHARLIE CARON PhD Student, EPHE-ICP JANUARY 2021 ASIA FOCUS #153 ASIA FOCUS #153 – ASIA PROGRAMME / January 2021 n 1938, five German scientists embarked on an extraordinary quest. They risked I their lives crossing the highest mountains in the world to reach one of the most remote kingdoms: Tibet. The scientific expedition was officially tasked with researching the zoology and anthropology of the country. But eventually, the data collected for the SS1 would serve a much darker purpose. Their secret mission was to discover the origins of the Aryan race, and the vestiges of this civilization, which would have disappeared on the roof of the world. This endeavour would allow the Nazis to rewrite history and forge a new past, allowing them to legitimize the new world they claimed to set up at the time: that of a pure Reich, to last 1,000 years. -
The Realization of a Virtual Past in Günter Grass's Crabwalk
Studies in 20th & 21st Century Literature Volume 32 Issue 1 Article 9 1-1-2008 The Realization of a Virtual Past in Günter Grass's Crabwalk Paul A. Youngman University of North Carolina–Charlotte Follow this and additional works at: https://newprairiepress.org/sttcl Part of the German Literature Commons This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 4.0 License. Recommended Citation Youngman, Paul A. (2008) "The Realization of a Virtual Past in Günter Grass's Crabwalk ," Studies in 20th & 21st Century Literature: Vol. 32: Iss. 1, Article 9. https://doi.org/10.4148/2334-4415.1672 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by New Prairie Press. It has been accepted for inclusion in Studies in 20th & 21st Century Literature by an authorized administrator of New Prairie Press. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Realization of a Virtual Past in Günter Grass's Crabwalk Abstract In his 1999 Nobel lecture, Günter Grass declares narration to be "a form of survival as well as a form of art." He sets out to demonstrate this declaration in his latest novella Crabwalk (2002), in which he echoes Walter Benjamin's concerns regarding war and information. The twist for Grass, the author who writes exclusively on his Olivetti typewriter, is that he analyzes the Internet as a narrative medium in his most recent work. This paper analyzes Crabwalk as a look at various forms of media—oral memories, historical monographs, film, and a website—through which humans narrate the past, in this case the 1945 sinking of the Wilhelm Gustloff, a German KdF (Strength Through Joy) ship, by a Russian U-boat. -
Failure of a Revolution
Failure of a Revolution Germany 1918-1919 by Sebastian Haffner Translated from the German by Georg Rapp Published by Plunkett Lake Press, June 2013 www.plunkettlakepress.com © Estate of Sebastian Haffner Translation © Carlton Publishing Group ~ Other eBooks from Plunkett Lake Press ~ Also by Sebastian Haffner Germany: Jekyll and Hyde – An Eyewitness Analysis of Nazi Germany The Ailing Empire: Germany from Bismarck to Hitler The Meaning of Hitler The Rise and Fall of Prussia By Sholom Aleichem From the Fair By Helen Epstein Children of the Holocaust Joe Papp: An American Life Music Talks: The Lives of Classical Musicians Where She Came From: A Daughter’s Search for Her Mother’s History By Charles Fenyvesi When The World Was Whole: Three Centuries of Memories By Frederic Grunfeld Prophets Without Honour: Freud, Kafka, Einstein, and Their World By Anthony Heilbut Exiled in Paradise: German Refugee Artists and Intellectuals in America from the 1930s to the Present By Eva Hoffman Lost in Translation By Peter Stephan Jungk Franz Werfel: A Life in Prague, Vienna, and Hollywood By Egon Erwin Kisch Sensation Fair: Tales of Prague By Heda Margolius Kovály Under A Cruel Star: A Life in Prague, 1941-1968 By Peter Kurth American Cassandra: The Life of Dorothy Thompson By Hillel Levine In Search of Sugihara: The Elusive Japanese Diplomat Who Risked His Life to Rescue 10,000 Jews from the Holocaust By Hillel Levine and Lawrence Harmon The Death of an American Jewish Community: A Tragedy of Good Intentions By Jan Masaryk Speaking to My Country By Melita