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Interferrence of Hindi and English in the Political Discourse of Parliament of India

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Interferrence of Hindi and English in the Political Discourse of Parliament of India Interferrence of Hindi and English in the political discourse of Parliament of India Janjić, Marijana Doctoral thesis / Disertacija 2018 Degree Grantor / Ustanova koja je dodijelila akademski / stručni stupanj: University of Zadar / Sveučilište u Zadru Permanent link / Trajna poveznica: https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:162:106407 Rights / Prava: In copyright Download date / Datum preuzimanja: 2021-10-03 Repository / Repozitorij: University of Zadar Institutional Repository of evaluation works SVEUČILIŠTE U ZADRU POSLIJEDIPLOMSKI SVEUČILIŠNI STUDIJ HUMANISTIČKE ZNANOSTI Marijana Janjić INTERFERRENCE OF HINDI AND ENGLISH IN THE POLITICAL DISCOURSE OF PARLIAMENET OF INDIA Doktorski rad Zadar, 2018. SVEUČILIŠTE U ZADRU POSLIJEDIPLOMSKI SVEUČILIŠNI STUDIJ HUMANISTIČKE ZNANOSTI Marijana Janjić INTERFERRENCE OF HINDI AND ENGLISH IN THE POLITICAL DISCOURSE OF PARLIAMENT OF INDIA Doktorski rad mentorica dr. sc. Zdravka Matišić redovita profesorica u miru Zadar, 2018. SVEUČILIŠTE U ZADRU TEMELJNA DOKUMENTACIJSKA KARTICA I. Autor i studij Ime i prezime: Marijana Janjić Naziv studijskog programa: Poslijediplomski studij Humanističke znanosti Mentor/Mentorica: dr. sc. Zdravka Matišić, redovita profesorica u miru Datum obrane: 26. 2. 2018. Znanstveno područje i polje u kojem je postignut doktorat znanosti: filologija II. Doktorski rad Naslov: Interferrence of Hindi and English in the political discourse of Parliament of India UDK oznaka: 811.214.21'27:811.111 Broj stranica: 306 Broj slika/grafičkih prikaza/tablica: 33 tablice, 17 grafikona, 1 slika, 23 zemljovida Broj bilježaka: 268 Broj korištenih bibliografskih jedinica i izvora: 298 Broj priloga: 9 Jezik rada: engleski III. Stručna povjerenstva Stručno povjerenstvo za ocjenu doktorskog rada: 1. doc. dr. sc. Marijana Kresić, predsjednica 2. dr. sc. Zdravka Matišić, red. prof. u miru, članica 3. doc. dr. sc. Snježana Zorić Hofmann, članica Stručno povjerenstvo za obranu doktorskog rada: 1. izv. prof. dr. sc. Dunja Brozović Rončević, predsjednica 2. dr. sc. Zdravka Matišić, red. prof. u miru, članica 3. doc. dr. sc. Goran Kardaš, član UNIVERSITY OF ZADAR BASIC DOCUMENTATION CARD I. Author and study Name and surname: Marijana Janjić Name of the study programme: Postgraduation program Humanistic sciences Mentor: Zdravka Matišić, retired Professor Date of the defence: 26th February 2018 Scientific area and field in which the PhD is obtained: philology II. Doctoral dissertation Title: Interferrence of Hindi and English in the political discourse of Parliament of India UDC mark: 811.214.21'27:811.111 Number of pages: 306 Number of pictures/graphical representations/tables: 33 tables, 17 graphs, 1 picture, 23 maps Number of notes: 268 Number of used bibliographic units and sources: 298 Number of appendices: 9 Language of the doctoral dissertation: English III. Expert committees Expert committee for the evaluation of the doctoral dissertation: 1. Assistant Professor Marijana Kresić, chair 2. Retired Professor Zdravka Matišić, member 3. Assistant Professor Snježana Zorić Hofmann, member Expert committee for the defence of the doctoral dissertation: 1. Associate Professor Dunja Brozović Rončević, chair 2. Retired Professor Zdravka Matišić, member 3. Assistant Professor Goran Kardaš, member Izjava o akademskoj čestitosti Ja, Marijana Janjić, ovime izjavljujem da je moj doktorski rad pod naslovom Interferrence of Hindi and English in the political discourse of Parliament of India rezultat mojega vlastitog rada, da se temelji na mojim istraživanjima te da se oslanja na izvore i radove navedene u bilješkama i popisu literature. Ni jedan dio mojega rada nije napisan na nedopušten način, odnosno nije prepisan iz necitiranih radova i ne krši bilo čija autorska prava. Izjavljujem da ni jedan dio ovoga rada nije iskorišten u kojem drugom radu pri bilo kojoj drugoj visokoškolskoj, znanstvenoj, obrazovnoj ili inoj ustanovi. Sadržaj mojega rada u potpunosti odgovara sadržaju obranjenoga i nakon obrane uređenoga rada. Zadar, 16. 3. 2018. Contents Acknowledgements ………………………………………………………………………......… VI Note on transcription ……………………………………………………………….…….……. VII List of Abbreviations …………………………………………………………………............... XII Chapter 1: Introduction …………...……………………………………………...……………... 1 Chapter 2: Language contact and socio-linguistic environment ……………….……………… 13 2.1. Language contact and linguistic environment ……………………………..…………… 13 2.2. The processes and results of linguistic interference ………………………...................... 19 2.3. Socio-linguistic qualities of language environment ……………………..………............ 24 Chapter 3: Language interference on Indian subcontinent: case of English and Hindi .............. 30 3.1. Indian socio-linguistic environment …………………………………...……................... 30 3.2. English and Hindi after 1947 ……………………...…………………...…...…………... 32 3.2.1. Languages in administration at union and state level ……...…..……………….... 32 3.2.2. Languages in the legislature, education and media ……………...………….…… 40 3.2.3. Languages in the Parliament of India …………………..………….…………….. 45 3.2.4. Summary ……………………………………………………….....................…… 49 3.3. English-Hindi interference: linguistic data ………………………………...…………… 50 3.4. Conclusion …………………………………………………………...………................. 66 Chapter 4: Language use in the Parliament of India 1950-2010 …………...………..……........ 68 4.1. Lok Sabha material ……..…………………...………………………………………….. 68 4.1.1. Framework for linguistic analysis….………………..…………………………… 69 4.1.2. Assumptions and limits of the analysis ………………………………………….. 74 4.2. EH interference types 1 and 2 ..………………………..…………………….………….. 77 4.2.1. Assumptions and expected results …………………………………...…………... 77 4.2.2. Hindi noun phrase and EH interference ………………………..…........................ 77 4.2.2.1. Grammatical gender and EH interference …………………….…......… 83 4.2.2.2. Plural markers and EH interference ……………………....…………..... 86 4.2.2.3. Nouns, derivation and EH interference …………….....………………... 90 I 4.2.2.4. Syntax of nouns and EH interference ………………….....……………. 94 4.2.2.5. Conclusion on noun phrases and EH interference ………………...…… 96 4.2.3. Adjectives and EH interference ………………...…………………...…………… 97 4.2.3.1. Adjective derivation and EH interference ……………………............... 98 4.2.3.2. Syntax of adjectives and EH interference …………….…..................... 101 4.2.3.3. Comparatives and EH interference ……..…………....…...................... 106 4.2.3.4. Conclusion on adjectives and EH interference ..………….................... 106 4.2.4. Verbs and EH interference …………………………...………............................. 107 4.2.4.1. English insertions and Hindi verbs …………..……………………….. 107 4.2.4.2. Conjunct verbs ……………..…...……………………..….................... 108 4.2.4.2.1. Adjectives in conjunct verbs ………………........................... 109 4.2.4.2.2. Nouns in conjunct verbs ……………………………………. 110 4.2.4.2.3. Verbs in conjunct verbs ………………….............................. 113 4.2.4.2.4. Verb, noun or adjective .………………………...................... 117 4.2.4.2.5. Hindi compound verbs and English verbs ……...................... 118 4.2.4.3. Non-infinitive English verbal forms in Hindi ..……………………….. 119 4.2.4.4. Syntax of verbs and EH interference …..……………………………... 121 4.2.4.4.1. Predicates ………………………..……………………….…. 121 4.2.4.4.2. Other syntactic functions ……..……….……………………. 122 4.2.4.5. Conclusion on verbal forms …...……………..……….…..................... 124 4.2.5. Adverbs and EH interference …...…………………………….………………… 125 4.2.6. Numerals and EH interference ……..…………………………………………… 127 4.2.7. Definite and indefinite articles and EH interference ………...…......................... 128 4.2.8. Prepositions and EH interference …….………………...…………..................... 130 4.2.9. Conjunctions and EH interference.………….………...………............................ 131 4.2.10. Conclusions on EH interference types 1 and 2….……………………………... 133 4.3. EH interference type 3 …………………………...………………..…………………... 139 4.3.1. Assumptions and expected results ……………………………..…...................... 140 4.3.2. Analysis ……………………...…………………………………………………. 140 4.3.3. Conclusions on EH type 3..……………...…………………..…..….................... 147 II 4.4. Conclusions.…………………………....…………………………...………………….. 150 Chapter 5: The identity of Hindi speakers in the Parliament of India …..……………....….... 155 5.1. The socio-linguistic analysis of eH speakers ………………………..………………… 155 5.2. Assumptions and expected results ……………………………...……...….................... 161 5.3. Non-linguistic analysis of Hindi speakers in the Lok Sabha …..………….................... 163 5.3.1. Analysis of Hindi speakers in the Lok Sabha based on their gender..................... 163 5.3.2. Analysis of Hindi speakers in the Lok Sabha based on their age …..................... 167 5.3.3. Analysis of Hindi speakers in the Lok Sabha based on their educational qualifications ……….………………………………………………………………….. 170 5.3.4. Analysis of Hindi speakers in the Lok Sabha based on their occupation ………. 174 5.3.5. Analysis of Hindi speakers in the Lok Sabha based on their belonging to Scheduled castes (SC) and Scheduled tribes (ST) …………............................................................ 178 5.3.6. Analysis of Hindi speakers in the Lok Sabha based on their political affiliation ..181 5.3.7. Analysis of Hindi speakers in the Lok Sabha based on their regional affiliation . 184 5.4. Conclusions …...……………………………………………………………………….. 188 Chapter 6: Final remarks and further questions ………………...…………………..…........... 194 6.1. Analyzed material and questions it raises ……………………………………………... 194 6.1.1. Language contact and
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