Einsteins Kolleginnen – Physikerinnen Gestern & Heute
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Chronological List of Correspondence, 1895–1920
CHRONOLOGICAL LIST OF CORRESPONDENCE, 1895–1920 In this chronological list of correspondence, the volume and document numbers follow each name. Documents abstracted in the calendars are listed in the Alphabetical List of Texts in this volume. 1895 13 or 20 Mar To Mileva Maric;;, 1, 45 29 Apr To Rosa Winteler, 1, 46 Summer To Caesar Koch, 1, 6 18 May To Rosa Winteler, 1, 47 28 Jul To Julia Niggli, 1, 48 Aug To Rosa Winteler, 5: Vol. 1, 48a 1896 early Aug To Mileva Maric;;, 1, 50 6? Aug To Julia Niggli, 1, 51 21 Apr To Marie Winteler, with a 10? Aug To Mileva Maric;;, 1, 52 postscript by Pauline Einstein, after 10 Aug–before 10 Sep 1,18 From Mileva Maric;;, 1, 53 7 Sep To the Department of Education, 10 Sep To Mileva Maric;;, 1, 54 Canton of Aargau, 1, 20 11 Sep To Julia Niggli, 1, 55 4–25 Nov From Marie Winteler, 1, 29 11 Sep To Pauline Winteler, 1, 56 30 Nov From Marie Winteler, 1, 30 28? Sep To Mileva Maric;;, 1, 57 10 Oct To Mileva Maric;;, 1, 58 1897 19 Oct To the Swiss Federal Council, 1, 60 May? To Pauline Winteler, 1, 34 1900 21 May To Pauline Winteler, 5: Vol. 1, 34a 7 Jun To Pauline Winteler, 1, 35 ? From Mileva Maric;;, 1, 61 after 20 Oct From Mileva Maric;;, 1, 36 28 Feb To the Swiss Department of Foreign Affairs, 1, 62 1898 26 Jun To the Zurich City Council, 1, 65 29? Jul To Mileva Maric;;, 1, 68 ? To Maja Einstein, 1, 38 1 Aug To Mileva Maric;;, 1, 69 2 Jan To Mileva Maric;; [envelope only], 1 6 Aug To Mileva Maric;;, 1, 70 13 Jan To Maja Einstein, 8: Vol. -
Fizyczka Z Nysy – Hertha Sponer (1895–1968) Witold Tomaszewski Nauczyciel Fizyki I Matematyki Z Nysy
46 FOTON 129, Lato 2015 Fizyczka z Nysy – Hertha Sponer (1895–1968) Witold Tomaszewski Nauczyciel fizyki i matematyki z Nysy Dzisiaj nikogo nie dziwi obecność dziewcząt na studiach fizyki, ani fizyczek w laboratoriach. Obecnie kobiety są profesorami, piastują kierownicze stanowi- ska, ale jeszcze przed drugą wojną światową należało to do rzadkości. Tymczasem jedną z trzech kobiet, które już w przedwojennych Niemczech uzyskały prawo do nauczania fizyki na wyższych uczelniach, była, urodzona w Nysie, Hertha Sponer. Dwie pozostałe to Austriaczka Lise Meitner, znana z odkrycia rozszczepiania jąder oraz Hedwig Kohn. Hertha Sponer była też pierwszą kobietą zatrudnioną na Wydziale Fizyki na Uniwersytecie Duke’a w Stanach Zjednoczonych. Zanim do tego doszło musiała pokonać wiele trud- ności. Losy Herthy Sponer opisała niemiecka fizyczka Mary Ann Maushart. Nysa na przedwojennej widokówce Matura Hertha Sponer przyszła na świat 1 września 1895 roku jako najstarsze dziecko w rodzinie protestanckiego kupca Roberta Sponera. W Nysie spędziła wczesne dzieciństwo. Tutaj też rozpoczęła naukę szkolną. Gdy miała 11 lat wraz z rodziną przeprowadziła się do Zittau w Saksonii. Pomimo tego, że urodziła się w zamożnej, protestanckiej rodzinie, jej droga na uniwersytet nie była jednak łatwa. Hertha Sponer jako W owych czasach w Niemczech nie było szkół dla dziew- młoda dziewczyna FOTON 129, Lato 2015 47 cząt, przygotowujących je do studiów wyższych. Wspomniana Lise Meitner po ukończeniu w Wiedniu żeńskiej szkoły musiała brać korepetycje, aby się przy- gotować do matury w męskim gimnazjum. Wybitna matematyczka Emmy No- ether (patrz Neutrino 27) w swojej żeńskiej szkole uczyła się krawiectwa, a nie fizyki. Hertha Sponer dopiero po skończeniu odpowiednich kursów przygoto- wawczych w wieku 22 lat zdała egzaminy maturalne i uzyskała prawo do pod- jęcia nauki na uniwersytecie. -
Annotated Bibliography: Women in Physics, Astronomy, and Related Disciplines
Annotated Bibliography: Women in Physics, Astronomy, and Related Disciplines Abir Am, Pnina and Dorinda Outram, eds. Uneasy Careers and Intimate Lives: Women in Science, 1787-1979. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1987. Abir Am and Outram’s volume includes a collection of essays about women in science that highlight the intersection of personal and professional spheres. All of the articles argue that the careers of women scientists are influenced by their family lives and that their family lives are impacted because of their scientific careers. This text is significant in two ways: first, it is one of the earliest examples of scholarship that moves beyond the recovering women in science, but placing them in the context of their home and work environments. Second, it suggests that historians of science can no longer ignore the private lives of their historical subjects. This volume contains four articles relating to women in physics and astronomy: Marilyn Bailey Ogilvie’s “Marital Collaboration: An Approach to Science” (pages 104-125), Sally Gregory Kohlstedt’s “Maria Mitchell and the Advancement of Women in Science” (pages 129-146), Helena M. Pycior’s “Marie Curie’s ‘Anti-Natural Path’: Time Only for Science and Family” (pages 191-215), and Peggy Kidwell’s “Cecelia Payne-Gaposchkin: Astronomy in the Family” (pages 216-238). As a unit, the articles would constitute and interesting lesson on personal and professional influences. Individually, the articles could be incorporated into lessons on a single scientist, offering a new perspective on their activities at work and at home. It complements Pycior, Slack, and Abir Am’s Creative Couples in the Sciences and Lykknes, Opitz, and Van Tiggelen’s For Better of For Worse: Collaborative Couples in the Sciences, which also look at the intersection of the personal and professional. -
Guide to the James Franck Papers 1882-1966
University of Chicago Library Guide to the James Franck Papers 1882-1966 © 2006 University of Chicago Library Table of Contents Acknowledgments 3 Descriptive Summary 3 Information on Use 3 Access 3 Citation 3 Biographical Note 4 Scope Note 15 Related Resources 21 Subject Headings 21 INVENTORY 22 Series I: Correspondence 22 Series II: Manuscripts 51 Subseries 1: Physics - work in Germany and Denmark, 1905-1934 51 Subseries 2: Physics - work in United States, 1935-1958 53 Subseries 3: Biophysics - work on Photosynthesis at Johns Hopkins, 1935-193855 Subseries 4: Biophysics - work on Photosynthesis at the University of Chicago,55 1938-48 Subseries 5: Biophysics - work on Photosynthesis after 1948 55 Subseries 6: General Articles and Talks on Science 71 Subseries 7: Papers by other scientists 72 Subseries 8: Notes, memoranda and fragments 76 Subseries 9: Atomic Scientists' Movement, 1944-1953 76 Subseries 10: Franck Memorial Symposium, May 12-13, 1966 79 Series III: Tape Recordings and Photographs 80 Subseries 1: Tape recordings 80 Subseries 2: Hertha Sponer's photograph album, Göttingen, 1920-1933 80 Series IV: Personal Documents and Memorabilia 90 Subseries 1: Documents 90 Subseries 2: Clippings 93 Subseries 3: Biographies and Obituaries 94 Subseries 4: Memorabilia; Scrolls, Certificates, Medals, Mementos 96 Series V: Robert Platzman's Editorial Papers for the "Selected Works of James98 Franck" Series VI: Addenda 103 Subseries 1: Correspondence between James Franck and his nephew and Dr. Heinz104 Kallman Subseries 2: Oversize 105 Descriptive Summary Identifier ICU.SPCL.FRANCK Title Franck, James. Papers Date 1882-1966 Size 20.5 linear feet (29 boxes) Repository Special Collections Research Center University of Chicago Library 1100 East 57th Street Chicago, Illinois 60637 U.S.A. -
Catalogue Number [Of the Bulletin]
BULLETIN OF WELLESLEY COLLEGE CATALOGUE NUMBER 1962-1963 WELLESLEY • MASSACHUSETTS CATALOGUE NUMBER BULLETIN OF WELLESLEY COLLEGE OCTOBER 30, 1962 Bulletins published six times a year by Wellesley College, Wellesley, Massachusetts. January, one; April, one; October, two; November, two. Second-Class postage paid at Boston, Massachusetts and at additional mailing offices. Volume 52 Number 2 . TABLE OF CONTENTS Visitors; Correspondence 5 Calendar 6 Board of Trustees 7 Faculty and Administration 8 The College 20 The Curriculum 24 Requirements for the BA. Degree 24 Research or Independent Study 28 Honors and Academic Awards 28 General Information 29 Course Examinations, Special Examinations, Advanced Place- ment, Use of the Summer Vacation, Summer Internship in Government, Junior Year Abroad Preparation for Graduate Study 31 College Teaching and Research, Other Professions, Teaching in Schools, Medical School, Hospital and Public Health Work, Civil Service Graduate Fellowships 32 Requirements for the MA. Degree 33 Courses of Instruction 34 Art 34 Interdepartmental Courses . 77 Astronomy 38 Italian 78 Biblical History 40 Latin 79 Botany and Bacteriology . 43 Mathematics 82 Chemistry 45 Music 84 Classical Archeology 48 Philosophy 87 Economics 49 Physical Education 89 Education 52 Physics 91 English 54 Political Science 92 French 60 Psychology 96 Geography 64 Russian 99 Geology 65 Sociology and Anthropology 100 German 67 Spanish 102 Greek 70 Speech 105 History 71 Zoology and Physiology 107 4 Contents Admission HI Of Freshmen HI Of Transfer Students -
Introduction Women Researchers in Industrial Laboratories: Trends And
INTRODUCTION WOMEN RESEARCHERS IN INDUSTRIAL LABORATORIES: TRENDS AND PERSPECTIVES Renate Tobies and Annette B. Vogt Our primary aim in this introduction is to formulate a number of theses regarding the factors and parameters that determined the careers of women in industrial laboratories during the first decades of the twentieth century. These theses derive from our own long-standing investigations about female scientists and female re- searchers and their career paths,1 on the chapters written by our colleagues in this book, and on the many discussions that this collaboration incited. Here we would like to describe the trends of this relatively new research field, to analyze its de- velopment, and to enumerate some of the overarching issues that have informed this book and that will prove relevant to further studies. The following theses can be thought of as a summary of Women in Industrial Research, and we hope that they might also serve to instigate discussions in the future. Thesis 1 Approximately from the year 1900 onwards, equal access to education at all school and university levels and access to academic careers were preconditions that enabled women to join industrial research laboratories. In countries where access to educational institutions, especially to universities, was less dependent on state regulations, some female scientists were able to ob- tain positions in engineering and industrial research laboratories. Based on in- ternational comparisons, Ilse Costas developed an explanatory model for women’s access to academic careers.2 For careers in industrial laboratories, our investiga- tions have confirmed that the preconditions in these fields were similar. -
James, Steinhauser, Hoffmann, Friedrich One Hundred Years at The
James, Steinhauser, Hoffmann, Friedrich One Hundred Years at the Intersection of Chemistry and Physics Published under the auspices of the Board of Directors of the Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society: Hans-Joachim Freund Gerard Meijer Matthias Scheffler Robert Schlögl Martin Wolf Jeremiah James · Thomas Steinhauser · Dieter Hoffmann · Bretislav Friedrich One Hundred Years at the Intersection of Chemistry and Physics The Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society 1911–2011 De Gruyter An electronic version of this book is freely available, thanks to the support of libra- ries working with Knowledge Unlatched. KU is a collaborative initiative designed to make high quality books Open Access. More information about the initiative can be found at www.knowledgeunlatched.org Aut ho rs: Dr. Jeremiah James Prof. Dr. Dieter Hoffmann Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Institute for the Max Planck Society History of Science Faradayweg 4–6 Boltzmannstr. 22 14195 Berlin 14195 Berlin [email protected] [email protected] Dr. Thomas Steinhauser Prof. Dr. Bretislav Friedrich Fritz Haber Institute of the Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society Max Planck Society Faradayweg 4–6 Faradayweg 4–6 14195 Berlin 14195 Berlin [email protected] [email protected] Cover images: Front cover: Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, 1913. From left to right, “factory” building, main building, director’s villa, known today as Haber Villa. Back cover: Campus of the Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, 2011. The Institute’s his- toric buildings, contiguous with the “Röntgenbau” on their right, house the Departments of Physical Chemistry and Molecular Physics. -
Fritz Haber at One Hundred Fifty: Evolving Views of and on a German Jewish Patriot*
Fritz Haber at one hundred fifty: Evolving views of and on a German Jewish patriot* Bretislav Friedrich Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin Prelude Only few scientists have conferred benefits to humankind – both intellectual and practical – that are on a par with those we owe Fritz Haber. And yet, Haber has been a controversial figure – for about the last third of those one hundred fifty years that elapsed since his birth in 1868. It was Haber’s role in World War One – most notably his initiative to usher in chemical warfare to the battlefield – that cast a long shadow over his legacy. The moral outrage elicited by the German chlorine cloud attack at Ypres on 22 April 1915 was immediate, but not long lasting: Within a few months of Ypres, the Entente deployed its own potent chemical arsenal and eventually declared, alongside with Germany, poison gas a “humane weapon” [Friedrich et al. 2017]. In the 1920s and early 1930s, Haber could even act, together with Albert Einstein and others, as ambassador of German science in Europe and America and actively participate in repairing the damage done to international cooperation by the “war of the intellects” [Wolff 2001, Wolff 2003, Berg und Thiel 2018] in general and the “chemists’ war” [Friedrich 2015] in particular. * An abridged version of this article was presented as a keynote address at “Fritz Haber im Fokus. Eine kritische Würdigung des umstrittenen Chemikers” held at the Centre for General and Cultural Studies, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, on 15 January 2019, cf. -
The Origins of Maria Göppert's Dissertation on Two-Photon
Max Planck Research Library for the History and Development of Knowledge Proceedings 5 Barry R. Masters: The Origins of Maria Göppert’s Dissertation on Two-Photon Quantum Transi- tions at Göttingen’s Institutes of Physics 1920-1933 In: Shaul Katzir, Christoph Lehner and Jürgen Renn (eds.): Traditions and Transforma- tions in the History of Quantum Physics : Third International Conference on the History of Quantum Physics, Berlin, June 28 – July 2, 2010 Online version at http://edition-open-access.de/proceedings/5/ ISBN 978-3-8442-5134-0 First published 2013 by Edition Open Access, Max Planck Institute for the History of Science under Creative Commons by-nc-sa 3.0 Germany Licence. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/de/ Printed and distributed by: Neopubli GmbH, Berlin http://www.epubli.de/shop/buch/28021 The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available in the Internet at http://dnb.d-nb.de Chapter 8 The Origins of Maria Göppert’s Dissertation on Two-Photon Quantum Transitions at Göttingen’s Institutes of Physics 1920-1933 Barry R. Masters In the 1920s, the University of Göttingen was a nexus of theoretical and experi- mental physics, as well as mathematics (Hund 1983; 1987; Jungnickel and Mc- Cormmach 1986; Rupke 2002). In this case study of Maria Göppert, a doctoral student under the tutelage of the theoretical physicist Max Born, we see the influ- ence of the experimental groups in James Franck’s physics institute and the role of Paul Dirac’s scientific papers on her dissertation research (Kamp et al. -
Vogt (23.10.2017, A. Website)
Female scientists and networks Prof. Dr. Annette Vogt Max Planck Institute for the History of Science Boltzmannstr. 22, 14195 Berlin [email protected] Female mathematicians - networks Mathematikerinnen international Female statisticians Female statisticians (4 of 225): Johnson/Kotz (1997): 4 von 121 (= 3,30 %) Gertrude Mary Cox (1900-1978), pp. 86-88 Florence Nightingale David (1909-1993), pp. 91-93 Florence Nightingale (1820-1910), pp. 311-315 Elizabeth Leonard Scott (1917-1988), pp. 370-371 Heyde/Seneta (2001): 2 von 104 (= 1,92 %) Florence Nightingale (1820-1910), pp. 171-175 Gertrude Mary Cox (1900-1978), pp. 475-478 Content 1. Women in Science (STEM) networks 2. Women in Science in the 19th and 20th centuries At universities, open to female students First female professors First female PD in Germany 3. Women in Science (STEM) - networks Anglo-American development European networks Differences between countries and scientific disciplines Women scientists in Europe At the Universities or Women Colleges: 1860/1865 USA 1863/1866 France 1861 first thesis of a woman student in Lyon 1888 Medical Fac. were open to women students 1906 Marie Curie - first wom. prof. physics in Paris 1864/65 Univ. Zürich; 1873 Bern; 1890 Basel, Lausanne 1902 Univ. Zürich: Adeline Rittershaus-Bjarnason - first Habilitation (Scandinavic languages) 1868 Spain 1869 Girton College Cambridge (UK, the first) Women scientists in Europe 1870 Sweden 1884 Sof'ja V. Kovalevskaja - first wom. prof. math. at the Univ. Stockholm 1873 Women Colleges in Oxford and Cambridge 1874 Medical School of Women in London; 1878 Univ. London; 1884 Univ. Oxford 1875 Danmark, The Netherlands 1876 Belgium, Italy 1878 Australia Women scientists in Europe 1884 Norway 1912 Kristine E. -
Never Mind the Gap! 15 Universitetstryckeriet, Uppsala 2010 Uppsala Universitetstryckeriet, - Gives an Informed and Up-Todate Ap G
Blomqvist & Ehnsmyr (ED nEvEr minD thE gap gives an informed and up-todate overview of a new generation of feminist science Never miNd the gap! studies, encountering the nature/culture research field. Gendering Science in Transgressive Encounters It illuminates the great variety of approaches in studies conducted in the field, pointing at recent advances, present challenges and possibilities, and it provides am- ple references for anyone interested in further reading. This publication should therefore be of interest not only to researchers already involved in the research s .) |.) areas presented here, but to anyone who wishes to keep an eye on recent developments in these fields nE v of research trying to transgress boundaries between E nature and culture and to develop a better under- r min standing of gender aspects in natural sciences. We hope that the book will challenge at least some of the D readers’ assumptions about ‘other’ disciplines as well th Malin ah-King as their own. E staffan bErgwiK gap! anna daniElsson rEbEKah fox hElEnE götschEl tora holMbErg anna t. höglund anElis KaisEr Elvira schEich Skrifter från Centrum för genusvetenskap EditEd by Martha bloMqvist & EstEr EhnsMyr / Crossroads of Knowledge 15 Universitetstryckeriet, Uppsala 2010 15 Centre for Gender Research | 1 Never miNd the gap! Gendering Science in Transgressive Encounters EditEd by Martha bloMqvist & EstEr EhnsMyr 2 | | 3 Never mind the gap! Gendering Science in Transgressive Encounters Edited by Martha Blomqvist & Ester Ehnsmyr Crossroads of Knowledge Skrifter -
Bulletin of the GHI Washington
Bulletin of the GHI Washington Issue 27 Fall 2000 Copyright Das Digitalisat wird Ihnen von perspectivia.net, der Online-Publikationsplattform der Max Weber Stiftung – Stiftung Deutsche Geisteswissenschaftliche Institute im Ausland, zur Verfügung gestellt. Bitte beachten Sie, dass das Digitalisat urheberrechtlich geschützt ist. Erlaubt ist aber das Lesen, das Ausdrucken des Textes, das Herunterladen, das Speichern der Daten auf einem eigenen Datenträger soweit die vorgenannten Handlungen ausschließlich zu privaten und nicht- kommerziellen Zwecken erfolgen. Eine darüber hinausgehende unerlaubte Verwendung, Reproduktion oder Weitergabe einzelner Inhalte oder Bilder können sowohl zivil- als auch strafrechtlich verfolgt werden. NETWORKS OF AN ACADEMIC WORLD COMMUNITY: THE EXODUS OF GERMAN-SPEAKING WOMEN SCIENTISTS AND THE REFUGEE AID PROGRAM OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF UNIVERSITY WOMEN Christine von Oertzen On the same day that the second American atomic bomb destroyed Nagasaki, Japan, an article appeared in the Washington Post titled "Nazi Boomerang."1 Its author claimed that Germany's women scientists had had the last word after being persecuted with particular severity by the Nazi regime. According to the article, it was Lise Meitner's discovery of atomic fission that permitted development of the atomic bomb, which was now finally bringing the fascist Axis powers to their knees. The article cited Meitner, an Austrian Jew, as an example of how women had successfully fought for the freedom of the sciences and the survival of women scientists in Europe. When the Nazis removed Meitner from her position at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute in Berlin in 1938, she fled to Copenhagen, eventually finding her way to the Academy of Sciences in Stockholm with the help of the Swedish Association of University Women.