1 December 8, 2010 B. R. Masters Paper for QH3 June 28-July 2, 2010 Author’s citation affiliation: Professor Barry R. Masters, Visiting Scholar, Department of the History of Science, Harvard University, Science Center, No. 1 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA Author’s mailing address: Professor Barry R. Masters, Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, NE47- 257, Cambridge, MA 01239 USA Email:
[email protected] 2 Proximity of Theory and Experimental Practice in Göttingen’s Institutes of Physics 1920-1933: Work of Maria Göppert as Exemplar of an Institutional Culture Barry R. Masters The process of science is mediated and influenced by people from various cultural backgrounds, political and economic systems, as well as disparate practices involving different experimental and theoretical approaches. In the 1920’s the University of Göttingen was the nexus of theoretical and experimental physics as well as mathematics (Rupke 2002). In this case study of Maria Göppert, a doctoral student under the tutelage of Max Born, we see the effects of the proximity of theory and experimental groups, as well as the roles of people and publications during the period of her dissertation research. I will explore the impact of proximity and the role of collaboration between theory and experimental practice in the development of quantum mechanics in Göttingen in the 1920’s (Kamp et al. 1983). Max Born and James Franck were close friends and colleagues who closely interacted as seen in the dissertation work of Born’s graduate students Maria Göppert and Victor Weisskopf (Göppert-Mayer 1931; Weisskopf 1931).