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Herjans Dísir: Valkyrjur, Supernatural Femininities, and Elite Warrior Culture in the Late Pre-Christian Iron Age
Herjans dísir: Valkyrjur, Supernatural Femininities, and Elite Warrior Culture in the Late Pre-Christian Iron Age Luke John Murphy Lokaverkefni til MA–gráðu í Norrænni trú Félagsvísindasvið Herjans dísir: Valkyrjur, Supernatural Femininities, and Elite Warrior Culture in the Late Pre-Christian Iron Age Luke John Murphy Lokaverkefni til MA–gráðu í Norrænni trú Leiðbeinandi: Terry Gunnell Félags- og mannvísindadeild Félagsvísindasvið Háskóla Íslands 2013 Ritgerð þessi er lokaverkefni til MA–gráðu í Norrænni Trú og er óheimilt að afrita ritgerðina á nokkurn hátt nema með leyfi rétthafa. © Luke John Murphy, 2013 Reykjavík, Ísland 2013 Luke John Murphy MA in Old Nordic Religions: Thesis Kennitala: 090187-2019 Spring 2013 ABSTRACT Herjans dísir: Valkyrjur, Supernatural Feminities, and Elite Warrior Culture in the Late Pre-Christian Iron Age This thesis is a study of the valkyrjur (‘valkyries’) during the late Iron Age, specifically of the various uses to which the myths of these beings were put by the hall-based warrior elite of the society which created and propagated these religious phenomena. It seeks to establish the relationship of the various valkyrja reflexes of the culture under study with other supernatural females (particularly the dísir) through the close and careful examination of primary source material, thereby proposing a new model of base supernatural femininity for the late Iron Age. The study then goes on to examine how the valkyrjur themselves deviate from this ground state, interrogating various aspects and features associated with them in skaldic, Eddic, prose and iconographic source material as seen through the lens of the hall-based warrior elite, before presenting a new understanding of valkyrja phenomena in this social context: that valkyrjur were used as instruments to propagate the pre-existing social structures of the culture that created and maintained them throughout the late Iron Age. -
WAGNER and the VOLSUNGS None of Wagner’S Works Is More Closely Linked with Old Norse, and More Especially Old Icelandic, Culture
WAGNER AND THE VOLSUNGS None of Wagner’s works is more closely linked with Old Norse, and more especially Old Icelandic, culture. It would be carrying coals to Newcastle if I tried to go further into the significance of the incom- parable eddic poems. I will just mention that on my first visit to Iceland I was allowed to gaze on the actual manuscript, even to leaf through it . It is worth noting that Richard Wagner possessed in his library the same Icelandic–German dictionary that is still used today. His copy bears clear signs of use. This also bears witness to his search for the meaning and essence of the genuinely mythical, its very foundation. Wolfgang Wagner Introduction to the program of the production of the Ring in Reykjavik, 1994 Selma Gu›mundsdóttir, president of Richard-Wagner-Félagi› á Íslandi, pre- senting Wolfgang Wagner with a facsimile edition of the Codex Regius of the Poetic Edda on his eightieth birthday in Bayreuth, August 1999. Árni Björnsson Wagner and the Volsungs Icelandic Sources of Der Ring des Nibelungen Viking Society for Northern Research University College London 2003 © Árni Björnsson ISBN 978 0 903521 55 0 The cover illustration is of the eruption of Krafla, January 1981 (Photograph: Ómar Ragnarsson), and Wagner in 1871 (after an oil painting by Franz von Lenbach; cf. p. 51). Cover design by Augl‡singastofa Skaparans, Reykjavík. Printed by Short Run Press Limited, Exeter CONTENTS PREFACE ............................................................................................ 6 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................... 7 BRIEF BIOGRAPHY OF RICHARD WAGNER ............................ 17 CHRONOLOGY ............................................................................... 64 DEVELOPMENT OF GERMAN NATIONAL CONSCIOUSNESS ..68 ICELANDIC STUDIES IN GERMANY ......................................... -
The American Line
The American Line “The Quickening of the West” by Christopher L. Lingle The American Line ‘en Simultaneum’ “The Quickening of the West” researched and written by Christopher L. Lingle (Futurist) Copyright by - Yahu Yahweh’s Covenant Offer - YAHUYAHWEH.co TimelineoftheGods.com Submitted to my fellow Americans and to the faculty of my peers Qadesh La Yahweh - Ambassador College and Alumni (Worldwide) Migration Chart from Tracing Our Ancestors by Fred Haberman: The American Line has emerged from the admixture of Europeans that have traversed across time for thousands of years; co-mingling bloodlines over centuries within each period of crossing. Not since the time of the Norse (proto-Germanic) People crossing together with the Jewish population of Rome in Britain has a union resulted in such a perfect th st admixture, UNTIL the emergence of North America (17 -21 centuries). The migration of Israel and Rome into N.W. Europe is a well-documented fact of History. Together, we have structured a world of commerce over centuries. Once again, we are One People, stronger than ever, descended of Royal Race - The American Line. ~~~~ The Greatest Awakening in History will be experienced over the coming Quarter Century. After which time, a fixed and developed geo-politics will have a lasting affect for centuries to come… This Work is part of the larger discussion that currently rages within the Interdisciplinary Sciences and the drivers that influence the very edifice of Religion and Politics… The knowledge of our illustrious heritage is stirring a sudden and rapid awakening. Knowledge is our best aid in survival. -
Córki Odyna (Sztuka W Dwóch Aktach) Michał Majerski
Michał Majerski Córki Odyna (Sztuka w dwóch aktach) Michał Majerski Córki Odyna (Sztuka w dwóch aktach) Osoby: (wszystkie są Niemcami) Lukas i Moritz - naukowcy przed 40 Olrun i Holgard – atrakcyjne kobiety ok. 30 Trzech żołnierzy (Polacy) – statyści Akcja dzieje się współcześnie w salonie starego pałacyku, przygranicznej agencji towarzyskiej, obecnie nieczynnej. W rogu salonu w półmroku widać recepcję w stylu amerykańskiego motelu. Na tablicy wiszą klucze od pokoi. Za dużymi oknami noc, słychać dalekie szczekanie psów i pojedyncze strzały. Nagle słychać hałas silnika podjeżdżającego samochodu sportowego, gasi silnik, trzaśnięcie drzwiami. Wśród tych hałasów z radia samochodowego przebijają się fragmenty hymnu niemieckiego. Akt 1 (dzwonek i wołanie zza drzwi): Olga! to ja..otwórzcie - ciemno, nic tu nie widać. (brak reakcji). Olgaaa... (Po chwili drzwi się otwierają, w ciemności widać najpierw tylko sylwetkę mężczyzny który wciąga dużą walizę na kółkach z hotelowymi nalepkami z całego świata. Zapala latarkę w komórce i szuka włącznika do światła. Szuka tego właściwego, ale najpierw zapala czerwony neon "Paradise” a potem do tego dochodzi migający napis „Escort Service". Widać teraz: rura do tańczenia, kanapy, z tyłu ekran telewizora, beamer i duży bałagan. Mężczyzna rozgląda się. Teraz widać go dokładnie: drobny facet w okularach, luźnym i drogim ubraniu . Typ zagubionego naukowca. Widzi ogień w kominku który zaczyna wygasać, więc dokłada drzewa. Otwiera wbudowaną szafę, pełną ubrań damskich. Wyciąga niektóre i ogląda. Otwiera walizę i wyciąga najpierw termos z kawą, potem whisky, zmęczony rzuca się na fotel. Otwierają się drzwi wejściowe i wchodzi mężczyzna w panterce i bronią myśliwską, zaskoczony). Lukas - Stać ! co się tu dzieje ? jak pan tu wszedł ? Moritz - (podrywa się na fotelu) Dzwoniłem, ale drzwi były otwarte L.- (krzyczy) To jest dom prywatny. -
Memory, Genealogy and Power in Íslendingabók
MEMORY, GENEALOGY AND POWER IN ÍSLENDINGABÓK Costel COROBAN „Ovidius” University of Constanța [email protected] Abstract: The aim of this study is to reveal the manner in which memory and genealogy are employed in Íslendingabók with the purpose of legitimizing the power and promoting the prestige of chieftains (goði), bishops and kings. This source is probably one of the best known literary production of Medieval Iceland and one of the earliest vernacular prose works (also known as Saga of the Icelanders or Libellus Islandorum). It was written in Old Norse by Ari fróði Þorgilsson (1067–1148) during the early 12th century (circa 1122-1133), and is regarded by most scholars as the first history of Iceland and the foundation of Icelandic literature. The manuscripts are preserved at the Árni Magnússon Institute for Icelandic Studies in Reykjavik in two documents (AM 113 a fol and AM 113 b fol) copied in the 17th century by priest Jón Erlendsson at the indications of Bishop Brynjólfur Sveinsson (14th September 1605 – 5th August 1675) of Skálholt from an original copy from the 12th century that had been lost afterwards. Keywords: Íslendingabók, Ari Þorgilsson, memory, genealogy, power, legitimation, sagas. Ari Þorgilsson, the celebrated author1 of Íslendingabók2 was praised by Snorri Sturluson as “truly learned about past events both here and abroad…eager to learn and having a good memory” as well as having a “perceptive intellect” 3. Despite such examples of praising, more modern commentators have found Ari’s Íslendingabók lacking in details and 1 J. Quinn, 2000, p. 47. 2 In the present work I shall be using the translated version of S. -
Catalogue of Place Names in Northern East Greenland
Catalogue of place names in northern East Greenland In this section all officially approved, and many Greenlandic names are spelt according to the unapproved, names are listed, together with explana- modern Greenland orthography (spelling reform tions where known. Approved names are listed in 1973), with cross-references from the old-style normal type or bold type, whereas unapproved spelling still to be found on many published maps. names are always given in italics. Names of ships are Prospectors place names used only in confidential given in small CAPITALS. Individual name entries are company reports are not found in this volume. In listed in Danish alphabetical order, such that names general, only selected unapproved names introduced beginning with the Danish letters Æ, Ø and Å come by scientific or climbing expeditions are included. after Z. This means that Danish names beginning Incomplete documentation of climbing activities with Å or Aa (e.g. Aage Bertelsen Gletscher, Aage de by expeditions claiming ‘first ascents’ on Milne Land Lemos Dal, Åkerblom Ø, Ålborg Fjord etc) are found and in nunatak regions such as Dronning Louise towards the end of this catalogue. Å replaced aa in Land, has led to a decision to exclude them. Many Danish spelling for most purposes in 1948, but aa is recent expeditions to Dronning Louise Land, and commonly retained in personal names, and is option- other nunatak areas, have gained access to their al in some Danish town names (e.g. Ålborg or Aalborg region of interest using Twin Otter aircraft, such that are both correct). However, Greenlandic names be - the remaining ‘climb’ to the summits of some peaks ginning with aa following the spelling reform dating may be as little as a few hundred metres; this raises from 1973 (a long vowel sound rather than short) are the question of what constitutes an ‘ascent’? treated as two consecutive ‘a’s. -
Skaldic Slam: Performance Poetry in the Norwegian Royal Court
Lokaverkefni til MA–gráðu í Norrænni trú Félagsvísindasvið Skaldic Slam: Performance Poetry in the Norwegian Royal Court Anna Millward Leiðbeinandi: Terry Gunnell Félags- og mannvísindadeild Félagsvísindasvið Háskóla Íslands December 2014 Norrænn trú Félags- og mannvísindadeild 1 Anna Millward MA in Old Nordic Religions: Thesis MA Kennitala: 150690-3749 Winter 2014 DEDICATION AND DISCLAIMER I owe special thanks to Prof. Terry Gunnell for his continued encouragement, help and enthusiasm throughout the process of researching and writing this dissertation. Many of the ideas put forward in this dissertation are borne out of interesting conversations and discussions with Prof. Gunnell, whose own work inspired me to take up this subject in the first place. It is through Prof. Gunnell’s unwavering support that this thesis came into being and, needless to say, any mistakes or errors are mine entirely. Ritgerð þessi er lokaverkefni til MA–gráðu í Norrænni Trú og er óheimilt að afrita ritgerðina á nokkurn hátt nema með leyfi rétthafa. © Anna Millward, 2014 Reykjavík, Ísland 2014 2 Anna Millward MA in Old Nordic Religions: Thesis MA Kennitala: 150690-3749 Winter 2014 CONTENTS Introduction pp. 5-13 Chapter 1. Skálds, Scholar, and the Problem of the Pen 1.1. What is Skaldic Poetry? pp. 14-15 1.2. Form and Function pp. 15-22 1.3. Preservation Context pp. 22-24 1.4. Scholarly Approaches to Skaldic Verse p. 25 1.5. Skaldic Scholarship: post-1970s pp. 26-31 1.6. Early Skaldic Scholarship: pre-1970s pp. 31-36 1.7. Skaldic as Oral Poetry, Oral Poetry as Performance pp. 36-43 1.8. -
Scripta Islandica 65/2014
SCRIPTA ISLANDICA ISLÄNDSKA SÄLLSKAPETS ÅRSBOK 65/2014 REDIGERAD AV LASSE MÅRTENSSON OCH VETURLIÐI ÓSKARSSON GÄSTREDAKTÖRER JONATHAN ADAMS ALEXANDRA PETRULEVICH HENRIK WILLIAMS under medverkan av Pernille Hermann (Århus) Else Mundal (Bergen) Guðrún Nordal (Reykjavík) Heimir Pálsson (Uppsala) UPPSALA, SVERIGE Publicerad med stöd från Vetenskapsrådet. © Författarna och Scripta Islandica 2014 ISSN 0582-3234 Sättning: Ord och sats Marco Bianchi urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-235580 http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-235580 Contents Preface ................................................. 5 ÞÓRDÍS EDDA JÓHANNESDÓTTIR & VETURLIÐI ÓSKARSSON, The Manu- scripts of Jómsvíkinga Saga: A Survey ...................... 9 Workshop Articles SIRPA AALTO, Jómsvíkinga Saga as a Part of Old Norse Historiog - raphy ................................................ 33 Leszek P. słuPecki, Comments on Sirpa Aalto’s Paper ........... 59 ALISON FINLAY, Jómsvíkinga Saga and Genre ................... 63 Judith Jesch, Jómsvíkinga Sǫgur and Jómsvíkinga Drápur: Texts, Contexts and Intertexts .................................. 81 DANIEL SÄVBORG, Búi the Dragon: Some Intertexts of Jómsvíkinga Saga. 101 ALISON FINLAY, Comments on Daniel Sävborg’s Paper ............ 119 Jakub Morawiec, Danish Kings and the Foundation of Jómsborg ... 125 władysław duczko, Viking-Age Wolin (Wollin) in the Norse Context of the Southern Coast of the Baltic Sea ............... 143 MichaeL Lerche NieLseN, Runic Inscriptions Reflecting Linguistic Contacts between West Slav Lands and Southern -
Representations of Christ in Christian Skaldic Poetry Ruth Elizabeth
1 Representations of Christ in Christian Skaldic Poetry Ruth Elizabeth Cheadle UCL PhD 2 I, Ruth Elizabeth Cheadle, confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis. 3 Abstract This thesis aims to demonstrate that, through use of literary genre, vocabulary, and emphasis of detail, the authors of Christian skaldic verse in the twelfth to fifteenth centuries continually reshaped a specific set of representations for Christ to suit each poem’s individual purpose, its audience, and the literary tastes of the periods in which they were written. In order to show how Christ’s portrayal changes over time and according to each poem’s overarching purpose, I have selected the following five Christian skaldic poems and made each the focus of a chapter: Einarr Skúlason’s Geisli, Gamli kanóki’s Harmsól, and the anonymously-composed poems Leiðarvísan, Líknarbraut, and Lilja. Within each chapter I provide an overview of the poem, selecting stanzas that highlight features of Christ that are prevalent or striking in some way, and analyse how these representations not only influence the poem itself, but also shape perceptions of Christ’s relationship with humanity. Each chapter leads to an overall consideration both of the image of Christ as this has been represented, and of the degree to which this has been influenced by biblical and patristic writings, Old Norse literature and culture, or by a combination of these elements. In the concluding chapter I identify the prevailing representations of Christ throughout these five poems, dividing these characterisations into five categories: Christ as Warrior Chieftain, as Healer and Abundant Nourisher, as Legal Authority, as Beguiler, and as Light. -
Ynglingaättens Gravskick Lindqvist, Sune Fornvännen 16, 83-194 Ingår I: Samla.Raa.Se Ynglingaättens Gravskick
Ynglingaättens gravskick Lindqvist, Sune Fornvännen 16, 83-194 http://kulturarvsdata.se/raa/fornvannen/html/1921_083 Ingår i: samla.raa.se Ynglingaättens gravskick. Av SUNE LINDQVIST. ^»edan framläggas några undersökningar av skilda slag, \j vilka likväl kunna förenas därigenom, att de an tingen belysa folkvandringstidens och speciellt den svenska Ynglingaättens gravskick eller ock själva belysas av de i denna fråga vunna resultaten. Likt en nyss i Fornvännen införd studie över Snorres uppgifter om hedna tidens gravskick och gravar och en i Rig 1919 framlagd pro grammatisk studie över den svenska folkvandringsstilens upp komst utgöra de led i det nödvändiga förarbetet till den pu blikation om Ottarshögen och kungshögarna vid Gamla Upp sala, vilken redan tidigare i denna tidskrift utlovats. De ha närmast framkommit vid eller till följd av den utgrävning av en större gravhög, något yngre än de nyss nämnda, som jag sommaren 1919 hade tillfälle utföra. Även om de därunder gjorda iakttagelserna ej för det nedan utförligast behandlade problemet ha avgörande betydelse, ha de dock spelat en så stor roll för mig vid problemställningens precisering, att jag ber få börja med en kortfattad redogörelse för denna gräv nings allmänna resultat. I. Ingjaldshögen. I protokollet vid en av de rannsakningar om antikviteter, som på befallning av Karl XI:s förmyndare verkställdes över 84 Sune Lindqvist. hela riket (åren 1667—84), meddelas år 1682: "Uthi Wansöö socken finnas desse: På Hussby ägor en stoor jordhhögh medh en slät plan ofvan upå, och sädan någre små jordhhögar omkring och kallass Kråktorp hög." På originalteckningen till runstensbilden 707 i Bautil antecknade Peringer (Pering skiöld) två år senare, tydligen om samma fornlämning: "Ett steenkast därifrån en stoor höög med många små." Första gången, samma fornlämning omtalas i tryck, tyckes vara i en uppsats år 1820 av J. -
Sacrifice and Sacrificial Ideology in Old Norse Religion
Sacrifice and Sacrificial Ideology in Old Norse Religion Daniel Bray The practice of sacrifice is often treated as 'the dark side' of Old Norse heathenism, by both medieval Christian commentators and modern scholars alike. However, within Norse religious practice, sacrificial ritual (blot) was one of the most central acts of religious observance. This paper will seek to examine aspects of the significance of blot within Old Norse religion, the ideology of sacrifice as it operated within this tradition and its relation to other Indo-European traditions, and the reactions to the issue of sacrifice by medieval contemporaries and modern scholarship. An examination of Old Norse literature relating to religious practice demonstrates the importance of blot within the religious life of the heathens of Scandinavia. Well over one hundred and fifty references to blot can be found in different sources, including Eddic and skaldic poetry, early historical works and annals, legal material, and saga literature. There are no extant scriptures or religious manuals from the heathen Norse that give a detailed explanation of the theory and operation of sacrifice. However, the accounts of sacrificial practice, taken altogether, provide a wealth of knowledge about how it was performed, by whom and to whom, as well as where, when and under what circumstances it was performed. The Old Norse verb bl6ta, which means 'to sacrifice', also has the extended meaning 'to worship', particularly by means of sacrifice, which testifies to the importance of sacrifice as a form of worship. In a language that had no proper word for its indigenous religion, the word blot had become a by-word for all things heathen, evidenced by terms such as blotdomr, blotskapr, or blotnaor 'heathen worship', bl6thus 'temple', bl6tmaor 'heathen worshipper' and even bl6tguo 'heathen god'.1 A survey of the literature reveals a number of essential features of sacrificial ritual in Old Norse heathenism. -
Gripla XVII (2006):7–35
GRI EFNI P LA GRIPLA Jónas Kristjánsson: Kveðskapur Egils Skallagrímssonar XVII Haraldur Bernharðsson: XVII Göróttur er drykkurinn. Fornmálsorð í nútímabúningi Kristján Árnason: Um Háttatal Snorra Sturlusonar. Bragform og braglýsing Kári Gíslason: Reading for Saga Authorship. A Character-based Approach Þorleifur Hauksson: Grýla Karls ábóta Gísli Brynjólfsson: Þýðingar úr fornensku. Fyrri hluti: Frá Abgarus konungi. Sigurjón Páll Ísaksson bjó til prentunar Sigurgeir Steingrímsson: Stefán Karlsson Ritaskrá Stefáns Karlssonar. Guðvarður Már Gunnlaugsson og Sigurgeir Steingrímsson tóku saman Sverrir Tómasson: Magnús Már Lárusson Kristján Eiríksson: Ögmundur Helgason ISBN 978-9979-819-96-7 REYKJAVÍK STOFNUN ÁRNA MAGNÚSSONAR 2 0 0 6 2 0 0 6 Forsíðumyndin er úr Heynesbók, AM 147 4to, bl. 63 r, Jónsbókarhandriti frá fyrri helmingi 16. aldar. Útlit: Ritstjórn – Kristinn Gunnarsson Gripla SAUTJÁN- 22.06 -A 25.6.2007 15:17 Page 1 GRIPLA Gripla SAUTJÁN- 22.06 -A 25.6.2007 15:17 Page 2 Ráðgjafar BERGLJÓT S. KRISTJÁNSDÓTTIR • ROBERT COOK • DAVÍð ERLINGSSON EINAR G. PÉTURSSON • JÜRG GLAUSER • GUðRÚN ÁSA GRÍMSDÓTTIR GUðRÚN NORDAL • GUðVA R ður M. gunnlaugsson • KARL G. JOHANSSON JÓNAS KRISTJÁNSSON • MARIANNE KALINKE • KJARTAN OTTOSSON ÓLAFUR HALLDÓRSSON • SIGURGEIR STEINGRÍMSSON SVANHILDUR ÓSKARSDÓTTIR • TORFI H.TULINIUS VÉSTEINN ÓLASON • ANDREW WAWN Gripla er alþjóðlegur vettvangur fyrir rannsóknir á sviði íslenskra og norrænna fræða. Birtar eru útgáfur á stuttum textum, greinar og ritgerðir og stuttar fræðilegar athugasemdir. Greinar skulu að jafnaði skrifaðar á íslensku en einnig eru birtar greinar á öðrum norrænum málum, ensku, þýsku og frönsku. Leiðbeiningar um frágang handrita er að finna í 10. bindi (1998) á bls. 269-278 en þær má einnig nálgast hjá ritstjórum. Allt efni sem birtast á er lesið yfir af sérfræðingum.