DOCSLIB.ORG

Floristic Regions of the World

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Floristic Regions of the World - "52 ^ A FLORISTIC REGIONS OF THE WORLD Armen Takhtajan Translated by Theodore J. Crovello with the assistance and collaboration of the author and under the editorship of Arthur Cronquist UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS Berkeley Los Angeles London CONTENTS Editor's Preface xv Author's Preface to the English Translation xvii PREFACE xxi INTRODUCTION 1 I. HOLARCnC KINGDOM (HOLARCTIS) 9 A. BOREAL SUBKINGDOM 10 1. Circumboreal Region 10 1. Arctic Province 12 2. Atlantic-European Province 16 3. Central European Province • 17 4. Illyrian or Balkan Province 21 5. Euxine Province 22 6. Caucasian Province 25 7. Eastern European Province 27 8. Northern European Province 29 9. Western Siberian Province 29 10. Altai-Sayan Province 30 11. Middle Siberian Province 31 12. Transbaikalian Province 32 vti Vtii CONTENTS 13. Northeastern Siberian Province 33 14. Okhotsk-Kamchatka Province 33 15. Canadian Province 34 2. Eastern Asiatic Region 39 1. Manchurian Province 48 2. Sakhalin-Hokkaido Province 52 3. lapanese-Korean Province 53 4. Volcano-Bonin Province 56 5. Ryukyu or Tokara-Okinawa Province 58 6. Taiwanian Province 59 7. Northern Chinese Province 62 8. Central Chinese Province 63 9. Southeastern Chinese Province 65 10. Sikang-Yunnan Province 65 11. Northern Burmese Province 68 12. Eastern Himalayan Province 70 13. Khasi-Manipur Province 73 3. North American Atlantic Region 78 1. Appalachian Province 84 2. Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain Province 91 3. North American Prairies Province 95 4. Rocky Mountain Region 99 1. Vancouverian Province 101 2. Rocky Mountain Province 105 B. TETHYAN (ANCIENT MEDITERRANEAN) SUBKINGDOM 110 5. Macaronesian Region 112 1. Azorean Province 114 2. Madeiran Province 115 3. Canarian Province 115 4. Cape Verde Province 118 6. Mediterranean Region 119 1. Southern Moroccan Province 124 2. Southwestern Mediterranean Province 124 3. South Mediterranean Province 125 CONTENTS ix 4. Iberian Province ' 126 5. Balearic Province 127 6. Liguro-Tyrrhenian Province 128 7. Adriatic Province 130 8. East Mediterranean Province 131 9. Crimean-Novorossiysk Province 131 7. Saharo-Arabian Region 132 1. Saharan Province 134 2. Egyptian-Arabian Province 134 8. Irano-Turanian Region 135 8A. Western Asiatic Subregion 142 1. Mesopotamian Province 142 2. Central Anatolian Province 143 3. Armeno-Iranian Province 144 4. Hyrcanian Province 150 5. Turanian or Aralo-Caspian Province 152 6. Turkestanian Province 152 7. Northern Baluchistanian Province 153 8. Western Himalayan Province 154 8B. Central Asiatic Subregion 155 1. Central Tien Shan Province 156 2. Dzungaro-Tien Shan Province 156 3. Mongolian Province 156 4. Tibetan Province 157 C. MADREAN SUBKINGDOM 158 9. Madrean Region 159 1. Great Basin Province 165 2. Californian Province 171 3. Sonoran Province 178 4. Province of the Mexican Highlands 183 II. PALEOTROPICAL KINGDOM (PALEOTROPIS) 197 A. AFRICAN SUBKINGDOM 197 10. Guineo-Congolian Region 198 1. Upper Guinea Province 199 X CONTENTS 2. Nigerian-Cameroonian Province 199 3. Congolian Province 199 11. Uzambara-Zululand Region 200 1. Zanzibar-Inhambane Province 201 2. Tongoland-Pondoland Province 201 12. Sudano-Zambezian Region 202 12A. Zambezian Subregion 202 1. Zambezian Province 204 12B. Sahelo-Sudanian Subregion 204 1. Sahelian Province 204 2. Sudanian Province 205 12C. Eritreo-Arabian Subregion 205 1. Somalo-Ethiopian Province 206 2. South Arabian Province 208 3. Socotran Province 209 12D. Omano-Sindian Subregion 209 1. Province of Oman 209 2. South Iranian Province 210 3. Sindian Province 211 13. Karoo-Namib Region 211 1. Namib Province 213 2. Namaland Province 213 3. Western Cape Province 213 4. Karoo Province 214 14. St. Helena and Ascension Region 214 B. MADAGASCAN SUBKINGDOM 216 15. Madagascan Region 222 1. Eastern Madagascan Province 223 2. Western Madagascan Province 223 3. Southern and Southwestern Madagascan Province 223 4. Comoro Province 224 5. Mascarene Province 224 6. Seychelles Province 225 CONTENTS XI C. INDOMALESIAN SUBKINGDOM 226 16. Indian Region 227 1. Sri Lanka Province 229 2. Malabar Province 230 3. Deccan Province 232 4. Upper Gangetic Plain Province 233 5. Bengal Province 233 17. Indochinese Region 234 1. South Burmese Province 236 2. Andamanese Province 237 3. South Chinese Province 237 4. Thailandian Province 237 5. North Indochinese Province 238 6. Annamese Province 238 7. South Indochinese Province 238 18. Malesian Region 238 18A. Malesian Subregion 241 1. Malay Province 241 2. Kalimantan (Bornean) Province 241 3. Philippinean Province 241 4. Sumatran Province 242 5. South Malesian Province 242 18B. Papuan Subregion 242 1. Celebesian (Sulawesian) Province 243 2. Moluccan Province 243 3. Papuan Province 243 4. Bismarckian Province 243 19. Fijian Region 243 1. New Hebridean Province 244 2. Fijian Province 244 D. POLYNESIAN SUBKINGDOM 245 20. Polynesian Region 245 1. Micronesian Province 246 2. Polynesian Province 246 Xtl . CONTENTS 21. Hawaiian Region 246 1. Hawaiian Province 248 E. NEOCALEDONIAN SUBKINGDOM 248 22. Neocaledonian Region 248 1. Neocaledonian Province 253 III. NEOTROPICAL KINGDOM (NEOTROPIS) 254 23. Caribbean Region 255 1. Central American Province 256 2. West Indian Province 256 3. Galapageian Province 256 24. Region of the Guayana Highlands 257 1. Guayana Province 258 25. Amazonian Region 258 1. Amazonian Province 259 2. Llanos Province 259 26. Brazilian Region 259 1. Caatinga Province 259 2. Province of Uplands of Central Brazil 260 3. Chacoan Province 260 4. Atlantic Province 260 5. Parana Province 260 27. Andean Region 261 1. Northern Andean Province 262 2. Central Andean Province 262 IV. CAPE KINGDOM (CAPENSIS) 263 28. Cape Region 263 1. Cape Province 267 V. AUSTRALIAN KINGDOM (AUSTRALIS) 268 29. Northeast Australian Region 270 1. North Australian Province 270 2. Queensland Province 270 3. Southeast Australian Province 271 4. Tasmanian Province 272 CQNTENTS xiH 30. Southwest Australian Region: 273 1. Southwest Australian Province 274 31. Central Australian or Eremaean Region 274 1. Eremaean Province 275 VI. HOLANTARCTIC KINGDOM (HOLANTARCTIS) 276 32. Fernandezian Region 280 1. Fernandezian Province 282 33. Chile-Patagonian Region 283 1. Northern Chilean Province 286 2. Middle Chilean Province 286 3. Pampean Province 288 4. Patagonian Province 288 5. Magellanian Province 289 34. Region of the South Subantarctic Islands 291 1. Tristan-Goughian Province 292 2. Kerguelenian Province 293 35. Neozeylandic Region 293 1. Lord Howean Province 297 2. Norfolkian Province 298 3. Kermedecian Province 299 4. Northern Neozeylandic Province 299 5. Central Neozeylandic Province 300 6. Southern Neozeylandic Province 301 7. Chathamian Province 301 8. Province of New Zealand Subantarctic Islands 301 APPENDIX: List of Families of Living Vascular Plants 305 BIBLIOGRAPHIES 357 General 357 Holarctic Kingdom 361 Paleotropical Kingdom 377 Neotropical Kingdom 390 Cape Kingdom 392 Australian Kingdom 394 Holantarctic Kingdom 396 INDEX 401.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • New Insight Into the Phylogeographic Pattern Of
    New insight into the phylogeographic pattern of Liriodendron chinense (Magnoliaceae) revealed by chloroplast DNA: east–west lineage split and genetic mixture within western subtropical China Aihong Yang, Yongda Zhong, Shujuan Liu, Lipan Liu, Tengyun Liu, Yanqiang Li and Faxin Yu The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Genetic and Improvement of Jiangxi, Institute of Biological Resources, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China ABSTRACT Background: Subtropical China is a global center of biodiversity and one of the most important refugia worldwide. Mountains play an important role in conserving the genetic resources of species. Liriodendron chinense is a Tertiary relict tree largely endemic to subtropical China. In this study, we aimed to achieve a better understanding of the phylogeographical pattern of L. chinense andtoexploretheroleofmountainsintheconservationofL. chinense genetic resources. Methods: Three chloroplast regions (psbJ-petA, rpl32-ndhF, and trnK5’-matK) were sequenced in 40 populations of L. chinense for phylogeographical analyses. Relationships among chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) haplotypes were determined using median-joining networks, and genetic structure was examined by spatial analysis of molecular variance (SAMOVA). The ancestral area of the species was reconstructed using the Bayesian binary Markov Chain Monte Carlo (BBM) method according to its geographic distribution and a maximum parsimony (MP) tree based on Bayesian methods. Results: Obvious phylogeographic structure was found in L. chinense. SAMOVA Submitted 13 September 2018 revealed seven groups matching the major landscape features of the L. chinense Accepted 26 December 2018 Published 1 February 2019 distribution area. The haplotype network showed three clades distributed in the eastern, southwestern, and northwestern regions. Separate northern and southern Corresponding author Faxin Yu, [email protected] refugia were found in the Wu Mountains and Yungui Plateau, with genetic admixture in the Dalou Mountains and Wuling Mountains.
    [Show full text]
  • Potential Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Activities of a Hot-Water Extract from the Root of Tonh Khidum
    ONCOLOGY LETTERS 1: 383-387, 2010 383 Potential antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of a hot-water extract from the root of Tonh khidum JIQIANG LIU, ZHENYA ZHANG, GUOQING XING, HONGHAI HU, NORIO SUGIURA and INTABON KEO Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan Received September 29, 2009; Accepted December 4, 2009 DOI: 10.3892/ol_00000068 Abstract. In this study, for the first time, the possible antioxidant constituents and bioactivities. In particular, no investigation and antiproliferative activities of a hot-water extract (TW100) has been reported in the literature regarding the antioxidant from the root of Tonh khidum (Actinidia kolomikta Maxim) and antiproliferative properties of Tonh khidum in vitro. were examined in vitro. Total phenolic compound, 1,1-diphenyl- It is commonly accepted that under situations of oxidative 2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging activity and stress, reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide ● - ● ● ● superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity assays were utilized to ( O2 , OOH), hydroxyl ( OH) and peroxyl (ROO ) radicals investigate its antioxidant activity. As a result, TW100 showed a are generated. ROS play an important role in degenerative strong antioxidant activity. The total phenolic content of TW100 or pathological processes such as aging (1), cancer, coronary was 143 µg gallic acid equivalents/mg. The SOD-like activity heart disease, Alzheimer's disease (2-4), neurodegenerative of TW100 was 666,667 U/g extract, and the DPPH radical- disorders, atherosclerosis, cataracts and inflammation (5). scavenging activity was 129 µg/ml at EC50 which was one Generally, cells possess endogenous systems [superoxide third of vitamin E (40 µg/ml).
    [Show full text]
  • The Plant Press the ARIZONA NATIVE PLANT SOCIETY
    The Plant Press THE ARIZONA NATIVE PLANT SOCIETY Volume 36, Number 1 Summer 2013 In this Issue: Plants of the Madrean Archipelago 1-4 Floras in the Madrean Archipelago Conference 5-8 Abstracts of Botanical Papers Presented in the Madrean Archipelago Conference Southwest Coralbean (Erythrina flabelliformis). Plus 11-19 Conservation Priority Floras in the Madrean Archipelago Setting for Arizona G1 Conference and G2 Plant Species: A Regional Assessment by Thomas R. Van Devender1. Photos courtesy the author. & Our Regular Features Today the term ‘bioblitz’ is popular, meaning an intensive effort in a short period to document the diversity of animals and plants in an area. The first bioblitz in the southwestern 2 President’s Note United States was the 1848-1855 survey of the new boundary between the United States and Mexico after the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo of 1848 ended the Mexican-American War. 8 Who’s Who at AZNPS The border between El Paso, Texas and the Colorado River in Arizona was surveyed in 1855- 9 & 17 Book Reviews 1856, following the Gadsden Purchase in 1853. Besides surveying and marking the border with monuments, these were expeditions that made extensive animal and plant collections, 10 Spotlight on a Native often by U.S. Army physicians. Botanists John M. Bigelow (Charphochaete bigelovii), Charles Plant C. Parry (Agave parryi), Arthur C. V. Schott (Stephanomeria schotti), Edmund K. Smith (Rhamnus smithii), George Thurber (Stenocereus thurberi), and Charles Wright (Cheilanthes wrightii) made the first systematic plant collection in the Arizona-Sonora borderlands. ©2013 Arizona Native Plant In 1892-94, Edgar A. Mearns collected 30,000 animal and plant specimens on the second Society.
    [Show full text]
  • Bio 308-Course Guide
    COURSE GUIDE BIO 308 BIOGEOGRAPHY Course Team Dr. Kelechi L. Njoku (Course Developer/Writer) Professor A. Adebanjo (Programme Leader)- NOUN Abiodun E. Adams (Course Coordinator)-NOUN NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA BIO 308 COURSE GUIDE National Open University of Nigeria Headquarters 14/16 Ahmadu Bello Way Victoria Island Lagos Abuja Office No. 5 Dar es Salaam Street Off Aminu Kano Crescent Wuse II, Abuja e-mail: [email protected] URL: www.nou.edu.ng Published by National Open University of Nigeria Printed 2013 ISBN: 978-058-434-X All Rights Reserved Printed by: ii BIO 308 COURSE GUIDE CONTENTS PAGE Introduction ……………………………………......................... iv What you will Learn from this Course …………………............ iv Course Aims ……………………………………………............ iv Course Objectives …………………………………………....... iv Working through this Course …………………………….......... v Course Materials ………………………………………….......... v Study Units ………………………………………………......... v Textbooks and References ………………………………........... vi Assessment ……………………………………………….......... vi End of Course Examination and Grading..................................... vi Course Marking Scheme................................................................ vii Presentation Schedule.................................................................... vii Tutor-Marked Assignment ……………………………….......... vii Tutors and Tutorials....................................................................... viii iii BIO 308 COURSE GUIDE INTRODUCTION BIO 308: Biogeography is a one-semester, 2 credit- hour course in Biology. It is a 300 level, second semester undergraduate course offered to students admitted in the School of Science and Technology, School of Education who are offering Biology or related programmes. The course guide tells you briefly what the course is all about, what course materials you will be using and how you can work your way through these materials. It gives you some guidance on your Tutor- Marked Assignments. There are Self-Assessment Exercises within the body of a unit and/or at the end of each unit.
    [Show full text]
  • BIOGEOGRAPHIC RECONSTRUCTION of the GENUS FERULA INFERRED from ANALYSES of Nrdna and Cpdna SEQUENCES
    IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 25 (2), 2019 DOI: 10.22092/ijb.2019.126389.1241 BIOGEOGRAPHIC RECONSTRUCTION OF THE GENUS FERULA INFERRED FROM ANALYSES OF nrDNA AND cpDNA SEQUENCES M. Panahi Received 2019. 05. 22; accepted for publication 2019. 11. 20 Panahi, M., 2019. 12. 30: Biogeographic reconstruction of the genus Ferula inferred from analyses of nrDNA and cpDNA sequences. -Iran. J. Bot. 25 (2): 79-94. Tehran. The divergence time of the largely Asian element, the genus Ferula L. (subtribe Ferulinae, tribe Scandiceae, Apiaceae) was initially analyzed using nrDNA, internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence data followed with three regions of cpDNA (rps16 and rpoC1 introns and rpoB-trnC intergenic spacers) from 141 representatives of subtribe Ferulinae (Ferula, Dorema, Leutea) and relatives. Further analyses of the biogeographical history of the Ferula group were carried out using BEAST, S-DIVA and BBM in RASP on all datasets. The results suggested that the initial split within Ferulinae occurred during Early Pliocene about 4.8 Ma and earlier ancestor of Ferula group has been originated mostly in Armeno-Iranian province. One descendent giving rises to the Ferula clade and another descendent subsequently underwent further divergence to account for Leutea lineages about 1.8-2 Ma. The rapid diversification within Ferulinae clade has occurred since the Middle Pliocene. Subsequent diversification of the Ferula clade intensified in the Irano-Turanian region during the late Pliocene in the Central Asian zone and toward west in Mediterranean zone during early Pleistocene. The ancestor of Chinese group of Ferula spread from Central Asia to eastern Asia in the Pliocene (2.2-4 Ma).
    [Show full text]
  • Restoration in the Southern Appalachians: a Dialogue Among Scientists, Planners, and Land Managers
    United States Department of Agriculture Restoration in the Southern Appalachians: A Dialogue among Scientists, Planners, and Land Managers W.T. Rankin and Nancy Herbert, Editors 2005 2010 Forest Service Research & Development Southern Research Station General Technical Report SRS-189 The Editors: W.T. Rankin, Threatened and Endangered Species Program Manager, U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Southern Region, 1720 Peachtree Rd. NW, Suite 700, Atlanta, GA 30309; and Nancy Herbert, Assistant Director for Research (retired), U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Southern Research Station, 200 W.T. Weaver Blvd., Asheville, NC 28804 Cover: Before-and-after photographs of a restoration project on the Buck Creek Serpentine Barrens in western North Carolina. Left: Spring 2005 (photo by Paul Davison, University of North Alabama). Right: Fall 2010 (photo by W. T. Rankin, USDA Forest Sevice) March 2014 Southern Research Station 200 W.T. Weaver Blvd. Asheville, NC 28804 www.srs.fs.usda.gov Restoration in the Southern Appalachians: A Dialogue among Scientists, Planners, and Land Managers W.T. Rankin and Nancy Herbert, Editors CONTENTS Prologue . iv 1. The Role of Fire in the Southern Appalachians. 1 Did fire occur in the Southern Appalachians historically? . 1 What are the different kinds of fire?. 2 What are the effects of fire on nongame species in the Southern Appalachians? . 3 What are the effects of fire on soils in the Southern Appalachians? . 4 What are the effects of fire on air quality in the Southern Appalachians? . 5 Are there ecosystems in the Southern Appalachians where fire isn’t appropriate? . 7 If we don’t use fire as a management tool, what else do we use? .
    [Show full text]
  • Proceedings of the International Conference on Biodiversity – Present State, Problems and Prospects of Its Conservation
    Proceedings of the International Conference on Biodiversity – Present State, Problems and Prospects of its Conservation January 8-10, 2011 University of Chittgaong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh Eivin Røskaft David J. Chivers (Eds.) Organised by Norwegian University of Science and Technology NO 7491, Trondheim, Norway University of Chittagong Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh Norwegian Centre for International Cooperation in Education (SIU), NO 5809, Bergen, Norway i Editors Professor Eivin Røskaft, PhD Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) Department of Biology, Realfagbygget, NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway. E-mail: [email protected] David J. Chivers, PhD University of Cambridge Anatomy School, Cambridge CB3 9DQ, United Kingdom. Contact address: Selwyn College, Grange Road, Cambridge CB3 9DQ, United Kingdom. E-mail: [email protected] Assistant Editor A H M Raihan Sarker, PhD Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) Department of Biology, Realfagbygget, NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway. E-mail: [email protected] and [email protected] Cover photo: Mountains from Teknaf Wildlife Sanctuary, Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh is a part of Teknaf Peninsula and located in the south-eastern corner of Bangladesh near the Myanmar border. It was the first protected area in Bangladesh established in 1983 to protect wild Asian elephants (Elephas maximus). (Photograph © Per Harald Olsen, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway). ISBN 978-82-998991-0-9 (Printed ed.) ISBN 978-82-998991-1-6 (Digital ed.) ISSN 1893-3572 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other way, and storage in data banks.
    [Show full text]
  • Illustrated Flora of East Texas Illustrated Flora of East Texas
    ILLUSTRATED FLORA OF EAST TEXAS ILLUSTRATED FLORA OF EAST TEXAS IS PUBLISHED WITH THE SUPPORT OF: MAJOR BENEFACTORS: DAVID GIBSON AND WILL CRENSHAW DISCOVERY FUND U.S. FISH AND WILDLIFE FOUNDATION (NATIONAL PARK SERVICE, USDA FOREST SERVICE) TEXAS PARKS AND WILDLIFE DEPARTMENT SCOTT AND STUART GENTLING BENEFACTORS: NEW DOROTHEA L. LEONHARDT FOUNDATION (ANDREA C. HARKINS) TEMPLE-INLAND FOUNDATION SUMMERLEE FOUNDATION AMON G. CARTER FOUNDATION ROBERT J. O’KENNON PEG & BEN KEITH DORA & GORDON SYLVESTER DAVID & SUE NIVENS NATIVE PLANT SOCIETY OF TEXAS DAVID & MARGARET BAMBERGER GORDON MAY & KAREN WILLIAMSON JACOB & TERESE HERSHEY FOUNDATION INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT: AUSTIN COLLEGE BOTANICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF TEXAS SID RICHARDSON CAREER DEVELOPMENT FUND OF AUSTIN COLLEGE II OTHER CONTRIBUTORS: ALLDREDGE, LINDA & JACK HOLLEMAN, W.B. PETRUS, ELAINE J. BATTERBAE, SUSAN ROBERTS HOLT, JEAN & DUNCAN PRITCHETT, MARY H. BECK, NELL HUBER, MARY MAUD PRICE, DIANE BECKELMAN, SARA HUDSON, JIM & YONIE PRUESS, WARREN W. BENDER, LYNNE HULTMARK, GORDON & SARAH ROACH, ELIZABETH M. & ALLEN BIBB, NATHAN & BETTIE HUSTON, MELIA ROEBUCK, RICK & VICKI BOSWORTH, TONY JACOBS, BONNIE & LOUIS ROGNLIE, GLORIA & ERIC BOTTONE, LAURA BURKS JAMES, ROI & DEANNA ROUSH, LUCY BROWN, LARRY E. JEFFORDS, RUSSELL M. ROWE, BRIAN BRUSER, III, MR. & MRS. HENRY JOHN, SUE & PHIL ROZELL, JIMMY BURT, HELEN W. JONES, MARY LOU SANDLIN, MIKE CAMPBELL, KATHERINE & CHARLES KAHLE, GAIL SANDLIN, MR. & MRS. WILLIAM CARR, WILLIAM R. KARGES, JOANN SATTERWHITE, BEN CLARY, KAREN KEITH, ELIZABETH & ERIC SCHOENFELD, CARL COCHRAN, JOYCE LANEY, ELEANOR W. SCHULTZE, BETTY DAHLBERG, WALTER G. LAUGHLIN, DR. JAMES E. SCHULZE, PETER & HELEN DALLAS CHAPTER-NPSOT LECHE, BEVERLY SENNHAUSER, KELLY S. DAMEWOOD, LOGAN & ELEANOR LEWIS, PATRICIA SERLING, STEVEN DAMUTH, STEVEN LIGGIO, JOE SHANNON, LEILA HOUSEMAN DAVIS, ELLEN D.
    [Show full text]
  • Euphorbiaceae)
    Polish Botanical Journal 60(2): 147–161, 2015 DOI: 10.1515/pbj-2015-0024 PHYTOGEOGRAPHICAL ANALYSIS OF EUPHORBIA SUBGENUS ESULA (EUPHORBIACEAE) Dmitry V. Geltman Abstract. Euphorbia subg. Esula is one of four major clades within the genus. A geographical analysis of the 466 species in the subgenus is reported here. Every species was assigned to one of 29 geographical elements clustered in ten groups of ele- ments. This geographical analysis showed that the Tethyan group (comprising nine geographical elements) clearly dominates the subgenus and contains 260 species (55.79% of the total number of species). The most numerous geographical elements are Irano-Turanian (105 species) and Mediterranean (85). Other significant groups of elements are Boreal (91 species, 19.54%), East Asian (40 species, 8.58%), Madrean (26 species, 5.58%), Paleotropical (23 species, 4.94%) and South African (16 species, 3.43%). The area of the Tethyan floristic subkingdom is the center of the modern diversity of E. subg. Esula. It is likely that such diversity is the result of intensive speciation that took place during the Eocene–Miocene. Key words: Euphorbia subg. Esula, geographical elements, Irano-Turanian floristic region, Mediterranean floristic region, phytogeographical analysis, Tethyan floristic subkingdom Dmitry V. Geltman, Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prof. Popov Street, 2, St. Petersburg, 197376, Russia; e-mail: [email protected] Introduction genus euphorbia and its taxonomy cantly differ from traditional ones. For subgenus Esula (Riina et al. 2013), 21 sections were ac- The giant genus Euphorbia L. (Euphorbiaceae) re- cepted on the basis of analyses of the combined cently became a subject of detailed phylogenetic and ITS + ndhF dataset (Fig.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 3 MATERIAL and METHODS
    Chapter 3 MATERIAL AND METHODS 3.1. Introduction The study of flora consists of plant and situation of plant habitat. There are many definitions for word "flora". The word "flora" refers to the plants occurring within a given region. A Flora may contain anything from a simple list of the plants occurring in an area to a very detailed account of those plants. Floras are different from popular manuals in that they attempt to cover all of the plants, rather than only the most common or conspicuous ones. When a researcher wants to study Flora he/or she can understand many things from that. A Flora ahnost always contains scientific names, and it may also include common names, literature references, descriptions, habitats, geographical distribution, illustrations, flowering times, and notes. Less often, Floras includes such specialized information as data on plant chemistry, reproduction, chromosome numbers, and population occurrences. Sometimes, the plants are listed alphabetically, and sometimes they are represented within a classification system that indicates which plants are most similar or are thought to be related. Floras often also include devices called "keys" that enable the user to identify an unknown plant. Floristic elements are most often defined subjectively by grouping plant ranges into types based on descriptions provided by floras and manuals (McLaughlin and Bowers, 1990). By study of floristic traits of an area, it is possible to describe floristic province and phytogeographical regions. The delimitation of floristic provinces and sub-provinces is mainly based on the distribution boundaries of vascular plant species (Yurtsev, 1994) which is known as true plants.
    [Show full text]
  • Ecosystems and Diversity of the Sierra Madre Occidental
    Ecosystems and Diversity of the Sierra Madre Occidental M. S. González-Elizondo, M. González-Elizondo, L. Ruacho González, I.L. Lopez Enriquez, F.I. Retana Rentería, and J.A. Tena Flores CIIDIR I.P.N. Unidad Durango, Mexico Abstract—The Sierra Madre Occidental (SMO) is the largest continuous ignimbrite plate on Earth. Despite its high biological and cultural diversity and enormous environmental and economical importance, it is yet not well known. We describe the vegetation and present a preliminary regionalization based on physio- graphic, climatic, and floristic criteria. A confluence of three main ecoregions in the area corresponds with three ecosystems: Temperate Sierras (Madrean), Semi-Arid Highlands (Madrean Xerophylous) and Tropical Dry Forests (Tropical). The Madrean region harbors five major vegetation types: pine forests, mixed conifer forests, pine-oak forests, oak forests and temperate mesophytic forests. The Madrean Xerophylous region has oak or pine-oak woodlands and evergreen juniper scrub with transitions toward the grassland and xerophylous scrub areas of the Mexican high plateau. The Tropical ecosystem, not discussed here, includes tropical deciduous forests and subtropical scrub. Besides fragmentation and deforestation resulting from anthropogenic activities, other dramatic changes are occurring in the SMO, including damage caused by bark beetles (Dendroctonus) in extensive areas, particularly in drought-stressed forests, as well as the expansion of chaparral and Dodoneaea scrub at the expense of temperate forest and woodlands. Comments on how these effects are being addressed are made. Introduction as megacenters of plant diversity: northern Sierra Madre Occidental and the Madrean Archipelago (Felger and others 1997) and the Upper The Sierra Madre Occidental (SMO) or Western Sierra Madre is the Mezquital River region (González-Elizondo 1997).
    [Show full text]
  • Perciformes: Gobiidae) from Korea
    Anim. Syst. Evol. Divers. Vol. 30, No. 1: 22-25, January 2014 http://dx.doi.org/10.5635/ASED.2014.30.1.022 Short communication First Record of Two Gobiid Fishes, Luciogobius elongatus, L. platycephalus (Perciformes: Gobiidae) from Korea Hyun-Geun Cho1, Seung-Ho Choi2,* 1Animal Resources Division, National Institute of Biological Resources, Environmental Research Complex, Incheon 404-708, Korea 2Korean Association for Conservation of Freshwater Fish, Seoul 135-709, Korea ABSTRACT Two species of small gobiid fishes genus Luciogobius, i.e., L. elongatus, L. platycephalus were described as the first records from Korea based on specimens collected from gravel beaches of Gijang-gun, Busan-si, Korea. Luciogobius elongatus is distinguished from congeners by very elongated and naked body, 42-44 vertebrae, 6-7 dorsal soft rays, and no free rays on pectoral fin, and L. platycephalus is characterized by having very depressed head, naked body, 40-41 vertebrae, 10-11 dorsal soft rays, and pectoral fin with only upper 2-4 free rays. We propose the new Korean name “Ga-neun-mi-kkeun-mang-dug”, “Nab-jak-mi-kkeun- mang-dug” for L. elongatus and L. platycephalus, respectively. Keywords: Gobiid fishes, Luciogobius elongatus, Luciogobius platycephalus, first record, gravel beaches INTRODUCTION Shiogaki and Dotsu, 1976, respectively. In this study, we described these species as the first records from Korea, and The gobiid fishes of genus Luciogobius Gill, 1859, mainly represent a diagnostic key on the genus Luciogobius from inhabit the shallow, cryptobenthic habitats of freshwater Korea. stream, estuaries, intertidal zone of coasts, and subterranean waters with the exception of Luciogobius adapel, which has been collected from the bottom of the sea at depths of 20 m MATERIALS AND METHODS to 50 m in Eastern Asiatic region including Primorsky Kray, Japan, China, Taiwan, and Korea (Okiyama, 2001; Chen et The specimens of Luciogobius elongatus and L.
    [Show full text]