Ecosystems and Diversity of the Sierra Madre Occidental
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FINAL REPORT Pines Vs
FINAL REPORT Pines vs. Oaks Revisited: Forest Type Conversion Due to High-severity Fire in Madrean Woodlands JFSP PROJECT ID: 15-1-07-22 December 2017 Andrew M. Barton University of Maine at Farmington Helen M. Poulos Wesleyan University Graeme P. Berlyn Yale University The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the opinions or policies of the U.S. Government. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute their endorsement by the U.S. Government. ii Table of Contents Abstract ............................................................................................................................................1 Objectives ........................................................................................................................................2 Background ......................................................................................................................................3 Materials and Methods .....................................................................................................................4 Study System .............................................................................................................................4 Climate and Fire Patterns in Southeastern Arizona ...................................................................6 Plot Sampling Design ................................................................................................................6 Plot -
Pinus Sabiniana) in Oregon Frank Callahan PO Box 5531, Central Point, OR 97502
Discovering Gray Pine (Pinus sabiniana) in Oregon Frank Callahan PO Box 5531, Central Point, OR 97502 “Th e tree is remarkable for its airy, widespread tropical appearance, which suggest a region of palms rather than cool pine woods. Th e sunbeams sift through even the leafi est trees with scarcely any interruption, and the weary, heated traveler fi nds little protection in their shade.” –John Muir (1894) ntil fairly recently, gray pine was believed to be restricted to UCalifornia, where John Muir encountered it. But the fi rst report of it in Oregon dates back to 1831, when David Douglas wrote to the Linnaean Society of his rediscovery of Pinus sabiniana in California. In his letter from San Juan Bautista, Douglas claimed to have collected this pine in 1826 in Oregon while looking for sugar pine (Pinus lambertiana) between the Columbia and Umpqua rivers (Griffin 1962). Unfortunately, Douglas lost most of his fi eld notes and specimens when his canoe overturned in the Santiam River (Harvey 1947). Lacking notes and specimens, he was reluctant to report his original discovery of the new pine in Oregon until he found it again in California (Griffin 1962). Despite the delay in reporting it, Douglas clearly indicated that he had seen this pine before he found it in California, and the Umpqua region has suitable habitat for gray pine. John Strong Newberry1 (1857), naturalist on the 1855 Pacifi c Railroad Survey, described an Oregon distribution for Pinus sabiniana: “It was found by our party in the valleys of the coast ranges as far north as Fort Lane in Oregon.” Fort Lane was on the eastern fl ank of Blackwell Hill (between Central Point and Gold Hill in Jackson County), so his description may also include the Th e lone gray pine at Tolo, near the old Fort Lane site, displays the characteristic architecture of multiple Applegate Valley. -
Annotated Check List and Host Index Arizona Wood
Annotated Check List and Host Index for Arizona Wood-Rotting Fungi Item Type text; Book Authors Gilbertson, R. L.; Martin, K. J.; Lindsey, J. P. Publisher College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ) Rights Copyright © Arizona Board of Regents. The University of Arizona. Download date 28/09/2021 02:18:59 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/602154 Annotated Check List and Host Index for Arizona Wood - Rotting Fungi Technical Bulletin 209 Agricultural Experiment Station The University of Arizona Tucson AÏfJ\fOTA TED CHECK LI5T aid HOST INDEX ford ARIZONA WOOD- ROTTlNg FUNGI /. L. GILßERTSON K.T IyIARTiN Z J. P, LINDSEY3 PRDFE550I of PLANT PATHOLOgY 2GRADUATE ASSISTANT in I?ESEARCI-4 36FZADAATE A5 S /STANT'" TEACHING Z z l'9 FR5 1974- INTRODUCTION flora similar to that of the Gulf Coast and the southeastern United States is found. Here the major tree species include hardwoods such as Arizona is characterized by a wide variety of Arizona sycamore, Arizona black walnut, oaks, ecological zones from Sonoran Desert to alpine velvet ash, Fremont cottonwood, willows, and tundra. This environmental diversity has resulted mesquite. Some conifers, including Chihuahua pine, in a rich flora of woody plants in the state. De- Apache pine, pinyons, junipers, and Arizona cypress tailed accounts of the vegetation of Arizona have also occur in association with these hardwoods. appeared in a number of publications, including Arizona fungi typical of the southeastern flora those of Benson and Darrow (1954), Nichol (1952), include Fomitopsis ulmaria, Donkia pulcherrima, Kearney and Peebles (1969), Shreve and Wiggins Tyromyces palustris, Lopharia crassa, Inonotus (1964), Lowe (1972), and Hastings et al. -
The Collection of Oak Trees of Mexico and Central America in Iturraran Botanical Gardens
The Collection of Oak Trees of Mexico and Central America in Iturraran Botanical Gardens Francisco Garin Garcia Iturraran Botanical Gardens, northern Spain [email protected] Overview Iturraran Botanical Gardens occupy 25 hectares of the northern area of Spain’s Pagoeta Natural Park. They extend along the slopes of the Iturraran hill upon the former hay meadows belonging to the farmhouse of the same name, currently the Reception Centre of the Park. The minimum altitude is 130 m above sea level, and the maximum is 220 m. Within its bounds there are indigenous wooded copses of Quercus robur and other non-coniferous species. Annual precipitation ranges from 140 to 160 cm/year. The maximum temperatures can reach 30º C on some days of summer and even during periods of southern winds on isolated days from October to March; the winter minimums fall to -3º C or -5 º C, occasionally registering as low as -7º C. Frosty days are few and they do not last long. It may snow several days each year. Soils are fairly shallow, with a calcareous substratum, but acidified by the abundant rainfall. In general, the pH is neutral due to their action. Collections The first plantations date back to late 1987. There are currently approximately 5,000 different taxa, the majority being trees and shrubs. There are around 3,000 species, including around 300 species from the genus Quercus; 100 of them are from Mexico and Central America. Quercus costaricensis photo©Francisco Garcia 48 International Oak Journal No. 22 Spring 2011 Oaks from Mexico and Oaks from Mexico -
MF3246 Drought-Tolerant Trees for South-Central Kansas
Drought-Tolerant Trees for South-Central Kansas Jason Griffin, Ph.D., Nursery and Landscape Specialist Steps to establish a drought-tolerant tree Drought is a common occurence affecting the health of trees in south-central Kansas. Property owners who notice • Choose a healthy tree from a retail garden center. A healthy wilting and scorched leaves (below) may wonder if trees tree with a robust root system will establish rapidly, reducing will survive. Drought alone rarely kills well-established transplant shock and stress. To learn more, see Selecting and trees. But effects of extended drought, combined with other Planting a Tree (L870). stressors, can be serious and irreversible. Lack of water • Locate a suitable planting site. Ensure adequate soil volume limits a tree’s ability to absorb nutrients, weakens natural for the selected species. This allows the root system to spread defenses and leaves it vulnerable to heat, cold, insects, and and improves access to soil, water, nutrients, and oxygen. The pathogens. In some cases, the tree may die. root zone should contain fertile, well-drained soil free of pests, diseases, and foreign debris. Avoid any location that collects or All trees have natural protection from ordinary seasonal holds water for a long time. This deprives roots of oxygen, and drought, and some species are known for their ability to reduces root growth and overall plant health. withstand severe, prolonged drought conditions. Even for • Plant properly and at the right time of year. Many tree trees that are not particularly drought-tolerant, a healthy failures can be traced to poor planting practices. -
The Plant Press the ARIZONA NATIVE PLANT SOCIETY
The Plant Press THE ARIZONA NATIVE PLANT SOCIETY Volume 36, Number 1 Summer 2013 In this Issue: Plants of the Madrean Archipelago 1-4 Floras in the Madrean Archipelago Conference 5-8 Abstracts of Botanical Papers Presented in the Madrean Archipelago Conference Southwest Coralbean (Erythrina flabelliformis). Plus 11-19 Conservation Priority Floras in the Madrean Archipelago Setting for Arizona G1 Conference and G2 Plant Species: A Regional Assessment by Thomas R. Van Devender1. Photos courtesy the author. & Our Regular Features Today the term ‘bioblitz’ is popular, meaning an intensive effort in a short period to document the diversity of animals and plants in an area. The first bioblitz in the southwestern 2 President’s Note United States was the 1848-1855 survey of the new boundary between the United States and Mexico after the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo of 1848 ended the Mexican-American War. 8 Who’s Who at AZNPS The border between El Paso, Texas and the Colorado River in Arizona was surveyed in 1855- 9 & 17 Book Reviews 1856, following the Gadsden Purchase in 1853. Besides surveying and marking the border with monuments, these were expeditions that made extensive animal and plant collections, 10 Spotlight on a Native often by U.S. Army physicians. Botanists John M. Bigelow (Charphochaete bigelovii), Charles Plant C. Parry (Agave parryi), Arthur C. V. Schott (Stephanomeria schotti), Edmund K. Smith (Rhamnus smithii), George Thurber (Stenocereus thurberi), and Charles Wright (Cheilanthes wrightii) made the first systematic plant collection in the Arizona-Sonora borderlands. ©2013 Arizona Native Plant In 1892-94, Edgar A. Mearns collected 30,000 animal and plant specimens on the second Society. -
Pharmaceutical Applications of a Pinyon Oleoresin;
PHARMAC E UT I CAL A PPL ICAT IONS OF A PINYON OLEORESIN by VICTOR H. DUKE A thesis submitted to the faculty of the University of Utah in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Pharmacognosy College of Pharmacy University of Utah May, 1961 LIBRARY UNIVERSITY elF UTAH I I This Thesis for the Ph. D. degree by Victor H. Duke has been approved by Reader, Supervisory Head, Major Department iii Acknowledgements The author wishes to acknowledge his gratitude to each of the following: To Dr. L. David Hiner, his Dean, counselor, and friend, who suggested the problem and encouraged its completion. To Dr. Ewart A. Swinyard, critical advisor and respected teacher, for inspiring his original interest in pharmacology. To Dr. Irving B. McNulty and Dr. Robert K. Vickery, true gentlemen of the botanical world, for patiently intro ducing him to its wonders. To Dr. Robert V. Peterson, an amiable faculty con sultant, for his unstinting assistance. To his wife, Shirley and to his children, who have worked with him, worried with him, and who now have succeeded with him. i v TABLE OF CONTENTS Page I. INTRODUCTION 1 II. REPORTED USES OF PINYON OLEORESI N 6 A. Internal Uses 6 B. External Uses 9 III. GENUS PINUS 1 3 A. Introduction 13 B. Pinyon Pines 14 1. Pinus edulis Engelm 18 2. Pinus monophylla Torr. and Frem. 23 3. Anatomy 27 (a) Leaves 27 (b) Bark 27 (c) Wood 30 IV. COLLECTION OF THE OLEORESIN 36 A. Ch ip Method 40 B. -
Bio 308-Course Guide
COURSE GUIDE BIO 308 BIOGEOGRAPHY Course Team Dr. Kelechi L. Njoku (Course Developer/Writer) Professor A. Adebanjo (Programme Leader)- NOUN Abiodun E. Adams (Course Coordinator)-NOUN NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA BIO 308 COURSE GUIDE National Open University of Nigeria Headquarters 14/16 Ahmadu Bello Way Victoria Island Lagos Abuja Office No. 5 Dar es Salaam Street Off Aminu Kano Crescent Wuse II, Abuja e-mail: [email protected] URL: www.nou.edu.ng Published by National Open University of Nigeria Printed 2013 ISBN: 978-058-434-X All Rights Reserved Printed by: ii BIO 308 COURSE GUIDE CONTENTS PAGE Introduction ……………………………………......................... iv What you will Learn from this Course …………………............ iv Course Aims ……………………………………………............ iv Course Objectives …………………………………………....... iv Working through this Course …………………………….......... v Course Materials ………………………………………….......... v Study Units ………………………………………………......... v Textbooks and References ………………………………........... vi Assessment ……………………………………………….......... vi End of Course Examination and Grading..................................... vi Course Marking Scheme................................................................ vii Presentation Schedule.................................................................... vii Tutor-Marked Assignment ……………………………….......... vii Tutors and Tutorials....................................................................... viii iii BIO 308 COURSE GUIDE INTRODUCTION BIO 308: Biogeography is a one-semester, 2 credit- hour course in Biology. It is a 300 level, second semester undergraduate course offered to students admitted in the School of Science and Technology, School of Education who are offering Biology or related programmes. The course guide tells you briefly what the course is all about, what course materials you will be using and how you can work your way through these materials. It gives you some guidance on your Tutor- Marked Assignments. There are Self-Assessment Exercises within the body of a unit and/or at the end of each unit. -
Current and Potential Spatial Distribution of Six Endangered Pine Species of Mexico: Towards a Conservation Strategy
Article Current and Potential Spatial Distribution of Six Endangered Pine Species of Mexico: Towards a Conservation Strategy Martin Enrique Romero-Sanchez * , Ramiro Perez-Miranda, Antonio Gonzalez-Hernandez, Mario Valerio Velasco-Garcia , Efraín Velasco-Bautista and Andrés Flores National Institute on Forestry, Agriculture and Livestock Research, Progreso 5, Barrio de Santa Catarina, Coyoacan, 04010 Mexico City, Mexico; [email protected] (R.P.-M.); [email protected] (A.G.-H.); [email protected] (M.V.V.-G.); [email protected] (E.V.-B.); fl[email protected] (A.F.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +52-553-626-8698 Received: 24 October 2018; Accepted: 6 December 2018; Published: 12 December 2018 Abstract: Mexico is home to the highest species diversity of pines: 46 species out of 113 reported around the world. Within the great diversity of pines in Mexico, Pinus culminicola Andresen et Beaman, P. jaliscana Perez de la Rosa, P. maximartinenzii Rzed., P. nelsonii Shaw, P. pinceana Gordon, and P. rzedowskii Madrigal et M. Caball. are six catalogued as threatened or endangered due to their restricted distribution and low population density. Therefore, they are of special interest for forest conservation purposes. In this paper, we aim to provide up-to-date information on the spatial distribution of these six pine species according to different historical registers coming from different herbaria distributed around the country by using spatial modeling. Therefore, we recovered historical observations of the natural distribution of each species and modelled suitable areas of distribution according to environmental requirements. Finally, we evaluated the distributions by contrasting changes of vegetation in the period 1991–2016. -
Songbird Ecology in Southwestern Ponderosa
This file was created by scanning the printed publication. Errors identified by the software have been corrected; however, some errors may remain. Chapter 1 Ecology of Southwestern Ponderosa Pine Forests William H. Moir, Brian Geils, Mary Ann Benoit, and Dan Scurlock describes natural and human induced changes in the com- What Is Ponderosa Pine Forest position and structure of these forests. and Why Is It Important? Forests dominated by ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Paleoecology var. scopulorurn) are a major forest type of western North America (figure 1; Steele 1988; Daubenmire 1978; Oliver and Ryker 1990). In this publication, a ponderosa pine The oldest remains of ponderosa pine in the Western forest has an overstory, regardless of successional stage, United States are 600,000 year old fossils found in west dominated by ponderosa pine. This definition corresponds central Nevada. Examination of pack rat middens in New to the interior ponderosa pine cover type of the Society of Mexico and Texas, shows that ponderosa pine was absent American Foresters (Eyre1980). At lower elevations in the during the Wisconsin period (about 10,400 to 43,000 years mountainous West, ponderosa pine forests are generally ago), although pinyon-juniper woodlands and mixed co- bordered by grasslands, pinyon-juniper woodlands, or nifer forests were extensive (Betancourt 1990). From the chaparral (shrublands). The ecotone may be wide or nar- late Pleistocene epoch (24,000 years ago) to the end of the row, and a ponderosa pine forest is recognized when the last ice age (about 10,400 years ago), the vegetation of the overstory contains at least 5 percent ponderosa pine (USFS Colorado Plateau moved southward or northward with 1986). -
Texas Big Tree Registry a List of the Largest Trees in Texas Sponsored by Texas a & M Forest Service
Texas Big Tree Registry A list of the largest trees in Texas Sponsored by Texas A & M Forest Service Native and Naturalized Species of Texas: 320 ( D indicates species naturalized to Texas) Common Name (also known as) Latin Name Remarks Cir. Threshold acacia, Berlandier (guajillo) Senegalia berlandieri Considered a shrub by B. Simpson 18'' or 1.5 ' acacia, blackbrush Vachellia rigidula Considered a shrub by Simpson 12'' or 1.0 ' acacia, Gregg (catclaw acacia, Gregg catclaw) Senegalia greggii var. greggii Was named A. greggii 55'' or 4.6 ' acacia, Roemer (roundflower catclaw) Senegalia roemeriana 18'' or 1.5 ' acacia, sweet (huisache) Vachellia farnesiana 100'' or 8.3 ' acacia, twisted (huisachillo) Vachellia bravoensis Was named 'A. tortuosa' 9'' or 0.8 ' acacia, Wright (Wright catclaw) Senegalia greggii var. wrightii Was named 'A. wrightii' 70'' or 5.8 ' D ailanthus (tree-of-heaven) Ailanthus altissima 120'' or 10.0 ' alder, hazel Alnus serrulata 18'' or 1.5 ' allthorn (crown-of-thorns) Koeberlinia spinosa Considered a shrub by Simpson 18'' or 1.5 ' anacahuita (anacahuite, Mexican olive) Cordia boissieri 60'' or 5.0 ' anacua (anaqua, knockaway) Ehretia anacua 120'' or 10.0 ' ash, Carolina Fraxinus caroliniana 90'' or 7.5 ' ash, Chihuahuan Fraxinus papillosa 12'' or 1.0 ' ash, fragrant Fraxinus cuspidata 18'' or 1.5 ' ash, green Fraxinus pennsylvanica 120'' or 10.0 ' ash, Gregg (littleleaf ash) Fraxinus greggii 12'' or 1.0 ' ash, Mexican (Berlandier ash) Fraxinus berlandieriana Was named 'F. berlandierana' 120'' or 10.0 ' ash, Texas Fraxinus texensis 60'' or 5.0 ' ash, velvet (Arizona ash) Fraxinus velutina 120'' or 10.0 ' ash, white Fraxinus americana 100'' or 8.3 ' aspen, quaking Populus tremuloides 25'' or 2.1 ' baccharis, eastern (groundseltree) Baccharis halimifolia Considered a shrub by Simpson 12'' or 1.0 ' baldcypress (bald cypress) Taxodium distichum Was named 'T. -
Oaks of the Wild West Inventory Page 1 Nursery Stock Feb, 2016
Oaks of the Wild West Inventory Nursery Stock Legend: AZ = Arizona Nursery TX = Texas Nursery Feb, 2016 *Some species are also available in tube sizes Pine Trees Scientific Name 1G 3/5G 10G 15 G Aleppo Pine Pinus halapensis AZ Afghan Pine Pinus elderica AZ Apache Pine Pinus engelmannii AZ Chinese Pine Pinus tabulaeformis AZ Chihuahua Pine Pinus leiophylla Cluster Pine Pinus pinaster AZ Elderica Pine Pinus elderica AZ AZ Italian Stone Pine Pinus pinea AZ Japanese Black Pine Pinus thunbergii Long Leaf Pine Pinus palustris Mexican Pinyon Pine Pinus cembroides AZ Colorado Pinyon Pine Pinus Edulis AZ Ponderosa Pine Pinus ponderosa AZ Scotch Pine Pinus sylvestre AZ Single Leaf Pine Pinus monophylla AZ Texas Pine Pinus remota AZ, TX Common Trees Scientific Name 1G 3/5G 10G 15 G Arizona Sycamore Platanus wrightii ** Ash, Arizona Fraxinus velutina AZ AZ Black Walnut, Arizona Juglans major AZ AZ Black Walnut, Texas Juglans microcarpa TX Black Walnut juglans nigra AZ, TX Big Tooth Maple Acer grandidentatum AZ Carolina Buckthorn Rhamnus caroliniana TX Chitalpa Chitalpa tashkentensis AZ Crabapple, Blanco Malus ioensis var. texana Cypress, Bald Taxodium distichum AZ Desert Willow Chillopsis linearis AZ AZ Elm, Cedar Ulmus crassifolia TX TX Ginko Ginkgo biloba TX Hackberry, Canyon Celtis reticulata AZ AZ AZ Hackberry, Common Celtis occidentalis TX Maple (Sugar) Acer saccharum AZ AZ Mexican Maple Acer skutchii AZ Mexican Sycamore Platanus mexicana ** Mimosa, fragrant Mimosa borealis Page 1 Oaks of the Wild West Inventory Pistache (Red Push) Pistacia