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FINAL REPORT Pines Vs
FINAL REPORT Pines vs. Oaks Revisited: Forest Type Conversion Due to High-severity Fire in Madrean Woodlands JFSP PROJECT ID: 15-1-07-22 December 2017 Andrew M. Barton University of Maine at Farmington Helen M. Poulos Wesleyan University Graeme P. Berlyn Yale University The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the opinions or policies of the U.S. Government. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute their endorsement by the U.S. Government. ii Table of Contents Abstract ............................................................................................................................................1 Objectives ........................................................................................................................................2 Background ......................................................................................................................................3 Materials and Methods .....................................................................................................................4 Study System .............................................................................................................................4 Climate and Fire Patterns in Southeastern Arizona ...................................................................6 Plot Sampling Design ................................................................................................................6 Plot -
Encino En Guadalupe Y Calvo, Chihuahua Diversity and Vertical
Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Forestales Vol. 10 (53) May – June (2019) DOI: https://doi.org/10.29298/rmcf.v10i53.173 Article Diversidad y estructura vertical del bosque de pino– encino en Guadalupe y Calvo, Chihuahua Diversity and vertical structure of the pine-oak forest in Guadalupe y Calvo, Chihuahua Samuel Alberto García García1, Raúl Narváez Flores1, Jesús Miguel Olivas García1 y Javier Hernández Salas1 Resumen Se evaluaron áreas con y sin manejo forestal de la Umafor 0808 Guadalupe y Calvo, Chihuahua; gestionadas mediante el Método Mexicano de Ordenación de Bosques Irregulares (MMOBI). Se analizó y comparó la información de conglomerados del Inventario Nacional Forestal y de Suelos (2004-2009); 95 en masas con manejo y 27 sin manejo. Se determinó la estructura vertical por medio de la regeneración natural, pisos de altura de los árboles y posición sociológica. Las especies con distribución continua, desde el piso inferior de la regeneración hasta el piso arbóreo superior en el bosque con manejo fueron: Pinus durangensis, P. arizonica, P. ayacahuite, P. herrerae y P.engelmannii; mientras que, en el bosque sin manejo se registraron: P. durangensis y P. arizonica. Las principales diferencias entre los bosques estudiados correspondieron al promedio de altura en el piso arbóreo superior; en los bosques con manejo fue de 30.16 m y en los sin manejo, su valor fue de 21.86 m; además, se observó una mayor regeneración de P. durangensis en los primeros. Respecto a la diversidad de especies, no hubo diferencia significativa entre ambos tipos de bosque (P>0.05). Por lo anterior, se concluye que, de acuerdo con la información analizada, la regulación del aprovechamiento maderable con el MMOBI permite mantener la diversidad estructural y de especies, similar a la de un bosque natural sin manejo. -
Native Trees of Mexico: Diversity, Distribution, Uses and Conservation
Native trees of Mexico: diversity, distribution, uses and conservation Oswaldo Tellez1,*, Efisio Mattana2,*, Mauricio Diazgranados2, Nicola Kühn2, Elena Castillo-Lorenzo2, Rafael Lira1, Leobardo Montes-Leyva1, Isela Rodriguez1, Cesar Mateo Flores Ortiz1, Michael Way2, Patricia Dávila1 and Tiziana Ulian2 1 Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Av. De los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala Tlalnepantla, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Estado de México, Mexico 2 Wellcome Trust Millennium Building, RH17 6TN, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Ardingly, West Sussex, United Kingdom * These authors contributed equally to this work. ABSTRACT Background. Mexico is one of the most floristically rich countries in the world. Despite significant contributions made on the understanding of its unique flora, the knowledge on its diversity, geographic distribution and human uses, is still largely fragmented. Unfortunately, deforestation is heavily impacting this country and native tree species are under threat. The loss of trees has a direct impact on vital ecosystem services, affecting the natural capital of Mexico and people's livelihoods. Given the importance of trees in Mexico for many aspects of human well-being, it is critical to have a more complete understanding of their diversity, distribution, traditional uses and conservation status. We aimed to produce the most comprehensive database and catalogue on native trees of Mexico by filling those gaps, to support their in situ and ex situ conservation, promote their sustainable use, and inform reforestation and livelihoods programmes. Methods. A database with all the tree species reported for Mexico was prepared by compiling information from herbaria and reviewing the available floras. Species names were reconciled and various specialised sources were used to extract additional species information, i.e. -
Seed Production and Quality of Pinus Durangensis Mart., from Seed Areas and a Seed Stand in Durango, Mexico
Pak. J. Bot., 46(4): 1197-1202, 2014. SEED PRODUCTION AND QUALITY OF PINUS DURANGENSIS MART., FROM SEED AREAS AND A SEED STAND IN DURANGO, MEXICO VERÓNICA BUSTAMANTE-GARCÍA1, JOSÉ ÁNGEL PRIETO-RUÍZ2,3*, ARTEMIO CARRILLO-PARRA4, REBECA ÁLVAREZ-ZAGOYA5, HUMBERTO GONZÁLEZ-RODRIGUEZ4 AND JOSÉ JAVIER CORRAL-RIVAS6 1Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Doctorado Institucional en Ciencias Agropecuarias y Forestales. Durango, Durango. México. C.P. 34120 2Ex-Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Centro de Investigación Regional Norte Centro, Campo Experimental Valle del Guadiana, Durango, Durango, México. C.P. 34170 3Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Durango, Durango, México. C.P. 34120 4Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales. Linares, Nuevo León, México. C.P. 67700 5Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CIIDIR-IPN, Unidad Durango, Durango, México. C.P. 34220 6Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Instituto de Silvicultura e Industria de la Madera, Durango, Durango, México. C.P. 34120 *Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]; Tel. and Fax: 55 6181301148 Abstract Seed productive potential, production efficiency and seed quality of seed areas of P. durange ns is Mart. from La Florida and La Campana, and from a Pericos seed stand, located in Durango state, Mexico were investigated. The productive potential, developed seeds, upper and lower infertile ovules, and aborted ovules during the first and second year of seed formation were determined. X-ray scanning was used to determine the percentage of seeds that were filled, emptied, malformed, or damaged by insects. Seed production efficiency was also determined. Speed, value and percentage of germination were determined under laboratory conditions. -
Producción De Semilla Y Potencial Biológico De Tres Especies De Pinus
Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Forestales Vol. 9 (50) DOI: https://doi.org/10.29298/rmcf.v9i50.264 Research Note Producción de semilla y potencial biológico de tres especies de Pinus en Durango Seed production and biological potential of three Pinus species in Durango Oscar Omar Santos Sánchez1*, Marco Aurelio González Tagle1, Ricardo López Aguillón1 Resumen: Este estudio comparativo da a conocer el potencial biológico y la producción de semillas de árboles superiores. Permite comparar el comportamiento de tres taxa de Pinus en los años 2013 y 2015. Se realizó la caracterización de sus conos a partir de sus dimensiones en ambos años, y se compararon los incrementos o decrementos en diámetro y longitud. Pinus engelmannii presentó un aumento en longitud de 17 mm y en diámetro de 19 mm; Pinus durangensis decreció 20 mm en longitud y aumentó 23 mm en diámetro. Pinus cooperi ganó 4 mm en longitud y 13 mm en diámetro. El tamaño del cono se relaciona con el potencial biológico y la producción de semilla (semillas desarrolladas, SD). En Pinus engelmannii el potencial biológico fue más alto en ambos años; Pinus durangensis y P. cooperi registraron un incremento de 2013 a 2015. Respecto a la producción de semillas (semillas desarrolladas, SD), no hubo diferencia significativa entre años Pinus engelmannii; Pinus cooperi y P. durangensis si se obtuvieron. La comparación de la producción de semilla en el género Pinus ayuda a conocer si existen diferencias significativas entre años de producción, áreas y especies, y así determinar que factores influyen en esa variación y como reducen la viabilidad y cantidad de semilla en los bosques. -
Songbird Ecology in Southwestern Ponderosa
This file was created by scanning the printed publication. Errors identified by the software have been corrected; however, some errors may remain. Chapter 1 Ecology of Southwestern Ponderosa Pine Forests William H. Moir, Brian Geils, Mary Ann Benoit, and Dan Scurlock describes natural and human induced changes in the com- What Is Ponderosa Pine Forest position and structure of these forests. and Why Is It Important? Forests dominated by ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Paleoecology var. scopulorurn) are a major forest type of western North America (figure 1; Steele 1988; Daubenmire 1978; Oliver and Ryker 1990). In this publication, a ponderosa pine The oldest remains of ponderosa pine in the Western forest has an overstory, regardless of successional stage, United States are 600,000 year old fossils found in west dominated by ponderosa pine. This definition corresponds central Nevada. Examination of pack rat middens in New to the interior ponderosa pine cover type of the Society of Mexico and Texas, shows that ponderosa pine was absent American Foresters (Eyre1980). At lower elevations in the during the Wisconsin period (about 10,400 to 43,000 years mountainous West, ponderosa pine forests are generally ago), although pinyon-juniper woodlands and mixed co- bordered by grasslands, pinyon-juniper woodlands, or nifer forests were extensive (Betancourt 1990). From the chaparral (shrublands). The ecotone may be wide or nar- late Pleistocene epoch (24,000 years ago) to the end of the row, and a ponderosa pine forest is recognized when the last ice age (about 10,400 years ago), the vegetation of the overstory contains at least 5 percent ponderosa pine (USFS Colorado Plateau moved southward or northward with 1986). -
Degree of Hybridization in Seed Stands of Pinus Engelmannii Carr
RESEARCH ARTICLE Degree of Hybridization in Seed Stands of Pinus engelmannii Carr. In the Sierra Madre Occidental, Durango, Mexico Israel Jaime Ávila-Flores1, José Ciro Hernández-Díaz2, Maria Socorro González-Elizondo3, José Ángel Prieto-Ruíz4, Christian Wehenkel2* 1 Doctorado Institucional en Ciencias Agropecuarias y Forestales, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Apdo, Postal 741, Zona Centro, Durango, Durango, México, C.P., 34000, 2 Instituto de Silvicultura e Industria de la Madera, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Apdo, Postal 741, Zona Centro, Durango, Durango, México, C.P., 34000, 3 CIIDIR Unidad Durango, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Sigma 119 Fracc, 20 de Noviembre II, Durango, Durango, México, C.P., 34220, 4 Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Blv. Durango y Ave, Papaloapan s/n. Col. Valle del Sur, Durango, Durango, México, C.P., 34120 * [email protected] Abstract Hybridization is an important evolutionary force, because interspecific gene transfer can introduce more new genetic material than is directly generated by mutations. Pinus engel- OPEN ACCESS mannii Carr. is one of the nine most common pine species in the pine-oak forest ecoregion Citation: Ávila-Flores IJ, Hernández-Díaz JC, in the state of Durango, Mexico. This species is widely harvested for lumber and is also González-Elizondo MS, Prieto-Ruíz JÁ, Wehenkel C used in reforestation programmes. Interspecific hybrids between P.engelmannii and Pinus (2016) Degree of Hybridization in Seed Stands of arizonica Engelm. have been detected by morphological analysis. The presence of hybrids Pinus engelmannii Carr. In the Sierra Madre in P. engelmannii seed stands may affect seed quality and reforestation success. -
Disturbances Influence Trait Evolution in Pinus
Master's Thesis Diversify or specialize: Disturbances influence trait evolution in Pinus Supervision by: Prof. Dr. Elena Conti & Dr. Niklaus E. Zimmermann University of Zurich, Institute of Systematic Botany & Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL Birmensdorf Landscape Dynamics Bianca Saladin October 2013 Front page: Forest of Pinus taeda, northern Florida, 1/2013 Table of content 1 STRONG PHYLOGENETIC SIGNAL IN PINE TRAITS 5 1.1 ABSTRACT 5 1.2 INTRODUCTION 5 1.3 MATERIAL AND METHODS 8 1.3.1 PHYLOGENETIC INFERENCE 8 1.3.2 TRAIT DATA 9 1.3.3 PHYLOGENETIC SIGNAL 9 1.4 RESULTS 11 1.4.1 PHYLOGENETIC INFERENCE 11 1.4.2 PHYLOGENETIC SIGNAL 12 1.5 DISCUSSION 14 1.5.1 PHYLOGENETIC INFERENCE 14 1.5.2 PHYLOGENETIC SIGNAL 16 1.6 CONCLUSION 17 1.7 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 17 1.8 REFERENCES 19 2 THE ROLE OF FIRE IN TRIGGERING DIVERSIFICATION RATES IN PINE SPECIES 21 2.1 ABSTRACT 21 2.2 INTRODUCTION 21 2.3 MATERIAL AND METHODS 24 2.3.1 PHYLOGENETIC INFERENCE 24 2.3.2 DIVERSIFICATION RATE 24 2.4 RESULTS 25 2.4.1 PHYLOGENETIC INFERENCE 25 2.4.2 DIVERSIFICATION RATE 25 2.5 DISCUSSION 29 2.5.1 DIVERSIFICATION RATE IN RESPONSE TO FIRE ADAPTATIONS 29 2.5.2 DIVERSIFICATION RATE IN RESPONSE TO DISTURBANCE, STRESS AND PLEIOTROPIC COSTS 30 2.5.3 CRITICAL EVALUATION OF THE ANALYSIS PATHWAY 33 2.5.4 PHYLOGENETIC INFERENCE 34 2.6 CONCLUSIONS AND OUTLOOK 34 2.7 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 35 2.8 REFERENCES 36 3 SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL 39 3.1 S1 - ACCESSION NUMBERS OF GENE SEQUENCES 40 3.2 S2 - TRAIT DATABASE 44 3.3 S3 - SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MAPS 58 3.4 S4 - DISTRIBUTION OF TRAITS OVER PHYLOGENY 81 3.5 S5 - PHYLOGENETIC SIGNAL OF 19 BIOCLIM VARIABLES 84 3.6 S6 – COMPLETE LIST OF REFERENCES 85 2 Introduction to the Master's thesis The aim of my master's thesis was to assess trait and niche evolution in pines within a phylogenetic comparative framework. -
Ecosystems and Diversity of the Sierra Madre Occidental
Ecosystems and Diversity of the Sierra Madre Occidental M. S. González-Elizondo, M. González-Elizondo, L. Ruacho González, I.L. Lopez Enriquez, F.I. Retana Rentería, and J.A. Tena Flores CIIDIR I.P.N. Unidad Durango, Mexico Abstract—The Sierra Madre Occidental (SMO) is the largest continuous ignimbrite plate on Earth. Despite its high biological and cultural diversity and enormous environmental and economical importance, it is yet not well known. We describe the vegetation and present a preliminary regionalization based on physio- graphic, climatic, and floristic criteria. A confluence of three main ecoregions in the area corresponds with three ecosystems: Temperate Sierras (Madrean), Semi-Arid Highlands (Madrean Xerophylous) and Tropical Dry Forests (Tropical). The Madrean region harbors five major vegetation types: pine forests, mixed conifer forests, pine-oak forests, oak forests and temperate mesophytic forests. The Madrean Xerophylous region has oak or pine-oak woodlands and evergreen juniper scrub with transitions toward the grassland and xerophylous scrub areas of the Mexican high plateau. The Tropical ecosystem, not discussed here, includes tropical deciduous forests and subtropical scrub. Besides fragmentation and deforestation resulting from anthropogenic activities, other dramatic changes are occurring in the SMO, including damage caused by bark beetles (Dendroctonus) in extensive areas, particularly in drought-stressed forests, as well as the expansion of chaparral and Dodoneaea scrub at the expense of temperate forest and woodlands. Comments on how these effects are being addressed are made. Introduction as megacenters of plant diversity: northern Sierra Madre Occidental and the Madrean Archipelago (Felger and others 1997) and the Upper The Sierra Madre Occidental (SMO) or Western Sierra Madre is the Mezquital River region (González-Elizondo 1997). -
Chiricahua Firescape Draft Environmental Assessment
United States Department of Agriculture Chiricahua FireScape Draft Environmental Assessment Forest Service Coronado National Forest Douglas Ranger District September 2018 For More Information Contact: Renee Kuehner Fire Management Officer 1192 West Saddleview Road Douglas, AZ 85607 520-388-8448 In accordance with Federal civil rights law and U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) civil rights regulations and policies, the USDA, its Agencies, offices, and employees, and institutions participating in or administering USDA programs are prohibited from discriminating based on race, color, national origin, religion, sex, gender identity (including gender expression), sexual orientation, disability, age, marital status, family/parental status, income derived from a public assistance program, political beliefs, or reprisal or retaliation for prior civil rights activity, in any program or activity conducted or funded by USDA (not all bases apply to all programs). Remedies and complaint filing deadlines vary by program or incident. Persons with disabilities who require alternative means of communication for program information (e.g., Braille, large print, audiotape, American Sign Language, etc.) should contact the responsible Agency or USDA’s TARGET Center at (202) 720- 2600 (voice and TTY) or contact USDA through the Federal Relay Service at (800) 877-8339. Additionally, program information may be made available in languages other than English. To file a program discrimination complaint, complete the USDA Program Discrimination Complaint Form, AD-3027, found online at http://www.ascr.usda.gov/complaint_filing_cust.html and at any USDA office or write a letter addressed to USDA and provide in the letter all of the information requested in the form. To request a copy of the complaint form, call (866) 632- 9992. -
Gabriel Eduardo Cervantes Angel Ingeniero Forestal
UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA AGRARIA ANTONIO NARRO DIVISIÓN DE AGRONOMÍA DEPARTAMENTO FORESTAL Crecimiento de Pináceas Asociadas a Poblaciones Naturales de Picea mexicana Martínez en México Por: GABRIEL EDUARDO CERVANTES ANGEL TESIS Presentada como requisito parcial para obtener el título de: INGENIERO FORESTAL Saltillo, Coahuila, México. Diciembre, 2014 Este proyecto de tesis ha sido apoyado por el Proyecto de Investigación de la Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro con No. 38-111-3613-2122, a cargo del profesor investigador Dr. Celestino Flores López. DEDICATORIA A Dios por ser un amigo y compañero, el motivo y guía en mi vida, todo fue posible gracias a su infinito amor, siempre te alabaré. A mis padres: Sra. Irma Angel Clemente Sr. Marcos Cervantes Molina. Quienes me dieron la vida, y procuraron darme alegría desde mi niñez. A ellos les agradezco la persona que hicieron de mí. A mi madre, por su incondicional apoyo en los momentos difíciles y por sus consejos oportunos. A mi padre, por sus regaños, consejos y la paciencia para enseñarme. Son mi orgullo, y siempre estaré agradecido con Dios por ser ustedes mis padres. Son la fortaleza y alegría de mi hogar. A mis hermanos y hermana: Sr. Eddy Ulises Cervantes Angel Sr. Marco Antonio Cervantes Angel Lic. Maricela Cervantes Angel. Quienes siempre han sido mis mejores amigos, en ustedes siempre encontré apoyo incondicional en los momentos difíciles de mi carrera y por su confianza que depositaron en mí. Son parte fundamental de mi vida y son parte de mi logro. A mi novia: Ing. Yocellyn Vázquez Ibarra. Por ser parte de mí vida, ser una persona comprensiva y apoyarme desde el inicio de nuestra hermosa relación, siempre tendrás un espacio muy especial en mi vida. -
Arceuthobium Abietinum
EPPO Datasheet: Arceuthobium abietinum Last updated: 2020-11-06 IDENTITY Preferred name: Arceuthobium abietinum Authority: (Engelmann) Engelmann ex Munz Taxonomic position: Plantae: Magnoliophyta: Angiospermae: Basal core eudicots: Santalales: Santalaceae Common names: fir dwarf mistletoe view more common names online... EPPO Categorization: A1 list view more categorizations online... EPPO Code: AREAB Notes on taxonomy and nomenclature Mathiasen and Kenaley (2019) have recombined the species Arceuthobium abietinum. The species consists of three subspecies, which are morphologically distinct and exhibit a high degree of host specificity: (1) Arceuthobium abietinum subsp. abietinum (formerly f.sp. concoloris) (white fir dwarf mistletoe), (2) Arceuthobium abietinum subsp. magnificae (formerly f.sp. magnificae) (red fir dwarf mistletoe), (3) Arceuthobium abietinum subsp. wiensii (Wiens' dwarf mistletoe). The new designations from Mathiasen and Kenaley (2019) are used in the datasheet. Recently, Kenaley (2020) proposed two further subspecies, namely Arceuthobium abietinum subsp. mathiasenii (Mathiasen’s dwarf mistletoe), and Arceuthobium abietinum subsp. grandae (grand fir dwarf mistletoe). HOSTS Arceuthobium abietinum subsp. abietinum is a common plant parasite of Abies grandis (Douglas ex D. Don) Lindl. (grand fir), Abies lowiana (Gordon) A. Murray bis (Sierra white fir), Abies concolor (Gord. et Glend.) Lindl. ex Hildebr. (Rocky Mountain white fir), and the hybrid populations of Abies concolor x Abies grandis in the Pacific Northwest and California, USA (Hawksworth et al., 2002; Mathiasen, 2019; Mathiasen and Kenaley, 2019). It also parasitizes Abies durangensis Martínez (Durango fir) in Durango and Chihuahua, Mexico (Mathiasen, 2010; Quiñonez Barraza et al., 2013) and produces heavy infections on Picea breweriana Watson (Brewer spruce) (Hawksworth et al., 2002) Arceuthobium abietinum subsp.