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Plant Associations Woodlands.Pdf United States Department of Agriculture Plant Associations Forest Service of Arizona and Southwestern Region New Mexico Volume 2: Woodlands The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in its programs on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, and marital or familial status. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact the USDA Office of Communications at 202-720-2791. To file a complaint, write the Secretary of Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC 20250 or call 1-800-245- 6340 (voice) or 202-720-1127 (TTY). USDA is an equal employment opportunity employer. Plant Associations of Arizona and New Mexico Volume 2: Woodlands An Update of the USDA Forest Service Southwestern Region Habitat Typing Guides September 1996 Revised July 1997 Table of Contents - Volume 2 Table of Contents .............................................................................................. i Acknowledgements .......................................................................................... ii Preface .............................................................................................................. iii Introduction ........................................................................................................1 Format Notes for Plant Association Descriptions ..............................................3 Keys to Plant Associations of Southwestern Forests and Woodlands ..............7 Series Key to Forests and Woodlands ...........................................................9 Key A: Engelmann Spruce, Corkbark Fir, & Bristlecone Pine Series .......10 Key B: Blue Spruce Series .........................................................................13 Key C: White Fir Series ............................................................................13 Key D: Douglas Fir and Limber Pine Series ..............................................15 Key E: Ponderosa Pine Series ....................................................................16 Key F: Apache Pine and Chihuahua Pine Series ......................................17 Key G: Riparian Forests Series ..................................................................18 Key H: Madrean Oaks Woodland Series ....................................................18 Key I: Pinyon Pine Series ........................................................................19 Key J: Juniper Series .................................................................................23 Plant Association Descriptions—Woodland Arizona Cypress Series ...............................................................................25 Silverleaf Oak Series ....................................................................................47 Arizona White Oak Series............................................................................29 Gray Oak Series ..........................................................................................35 Emory Oak Series ........................................................................................39 Mexican Blue Oak Series .............................................................................49 Twoneedle Pinyon Series .............................................................................53 Arizona Pinyon Series ..................................................................................93 Border Pinyon Series ................................................................................103 Alligator Juniper Series ..............................................................................115 Utah Juniper Series ....................................................................................125 Oneseed Juniper Series ..............................................................................133 Redberry Juniper Series ............................................................................153 Pinchot Juniper Series ....................................................................................157 Scarp Woodland .........................................................................................159 Appendices Synonymy ..................................................................................................161 Plant Reference List ...................................................................................165 Bibliography ..............................................................................................173 i Acknowledgements This report represents the product Information for this update has of the work of many people over come from many sources including many years to develop and improve comments from reviewers, who are a vegetation classification system for primarily natural resource profes- the forests and woodlands of Arizona sionals who utilize habitat typing and New Mexico. information, information from the This version has been compiled, Fire Effects Information System, a written, and edited by Mary Stuever database maintained by the U.S. Forest and John Hayden. It is primarily based Service’s Intermountain Fire Sciences on three regional guidebooks compiled Laboratory in Missoula, Montana, a in the mid 1980’s by editors/authors large body of literature on fire his- Will Moir and Milo Larson, with as- tory generated by researchers associ- sistance from Dick Bassett, Reggie ated with the University of Arizona’s Fletcher, Esteban Muldavin, Suraj Laboratory of Tree Ring Research in Ahuja, and Maurice Williams. Tucson, Arizona, and numerous other Research to describe habitat types research publications. in Arizona and New Mexico was Comments on these updated plant conducted by Billy G. Alexander, Jr., association descriptions were provided Fairley J. Barnes, Robert L. DeVelice, by: Norm Ambos, Jack Carpenter, E. Lee Fitzhugh, Richard E. Francis, Francisco Escobedo, Will Moir, Don Jess P. Hanks, Sharon R. Hanks, Kath- Moniak, Wayne Robbie, Gregg Sant, ryn Kennedy, Earl F. Layser, John A. John Shafer, and Rita Suminski. Ludwig, Will Moir, Esteban Muldavin, Comments on the regional key were Frank Ronco, Jr., Gilbert H. Schubert provided by: Norm Ambos, Kim Paul, and Alan S. White. In addition, plant John Shafer, and Charlie Wicklund. association descriptions from numer- Thanks also to the 1997 Habitat ous authors have been adapted to Typing Workshop participants who develop the woodland descriptions. provided additional field review. ii Preface Over 10 years ago I had the oppor- that this was just the beginning. Yet, I tunity to attend a 4-day, field-based was told, as a working professional in workshop on habitat typing. The the field, it would be my responsibility, course, one of eight presented in the as well as the rest of my colleagues, mid-1980’s by Will Moir and Milo to collect the information we gleaned Larson, was one of the most significant from our experiences and enhance experiences of my forestry career. I these guides. found that by utilizing the habitat I have kept this directive in mind, typing or plant association concepts, as I have facilitated a dozen habitat I could finally communicate with my typing courses. I have been mentored peers about forest ecology observa- by hundreds of resource profession- tions and rapidly increase my under- als who have been involved in these standing of a wide diversity of forest workshops. ecosystems. By providing a language I am grateful to have the daunting, for the transmission of ideas and ob- yet exciting opportunity to update the servations, habitat typing (referring plant association descriptions for the to forest stands by their plant associa- Southwestern Region’s forests and tions) has greatly enhanced our ability woodlands. Our goal has been to to discuss and understand the role of enhance the previous edition of the forest management in a wide variety habitat typing guides by expanding of types. information and establishing language Although foresters (particularly for multi-disciplinary use, and yet silviculturists) originally pioneered the maintain the information that was use of habitat types in this region, this already provided. tool is now employed by many other This publication can be considered natural resource professionals, includ- as edition 3 of our knowledge of plant ing range conservationists, wildlife associations. Edition 2 was the three biologists, engineers, soil scientists, volume set of Forest and Woodland landscape architects, etc. Every year Habitat Types for three geographic more natural resource professionals regions within the Southwest compiled realize the value of using this classifi- by Moir & Larson. Edition 1 was the cation system to provide site specific handouts provided during the first guidelines based on past experiences round of habitat typing training in this in similar areas for predicting future region (taught by Moir & Larson). I responses to management activities. would like to pass along the challenge The nature of this system is dynam- to all users of this guide to continue ic. As more experience is assembled to document your observations and by many professionals and researchers experiences for Edition 4. Comments working in the field, our overall un- on this guide should be sent to the derstanding of each plant association Regional Forester, USFS Southwest- increases. When Will Moir presented ern
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