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Technical Notes United State Department of Agriculture Natural Resource Conservation Service Year 2007 Issued June 2008 Proroggress Report of Activities Los Lunas Plant Materials Center 1036 Miller St. SW, Los Lunas, NM 87031 Tel: 505-865-4684 FAX: 505-865-5163 Web Site: http://www.nm.nrcs.usda.gov/programs/pmc.html Who We Are What We Do It is our mission to develop, test and transfer effective, state- The Los Lunas Plant Materials Center is one of 28 Plant of-the-art plant science technology to meet customer and Materials Centers operated by the USDA Natural Resources resource needs. The LLPMC targets these major land Conservation Service (NRCS). Areas served by the LLPMC resource areas (ecozones): include New Mexico, Northeast Arizona, Southeast Colorado, West Texas, and Southeast Utah. The LLPMC is • New Mexico and Arizona mountains located twenty-five miles south of Albuquerque in Los • San Juan River Valley plateaus and mesas Lunas, New Mexico. It is operated in conjunction with New • Southern desert basin, plains and mountains Mexico State University’s Agricultural Science Center. The • Southern Rocky Mountains facility is located in the Middle Rio Grande Valley and • High intermountain valleys includes 200+ acres of irrigated land. • Pecos–Canadian plains and valleys The LLPMC emphasizes using native plant materials to solve conservation problems. Environmental conditions including low precipitation, high intensity rainfall, wind, topography, and varied land uses combine to produce a variety of problems needing plant material solutions. The LLPMC collects native species for testing, selecting, and distribution to commercial growers along with the development of seed and plant production technology. Additionally, plant establishment technologies are developed or refined that require minimal or no irrigation in the arid southwest. The following highlights are featured in this report: • Publications from the LLPMC • Plant Production for Riparian and Revegetation Projects • Developing Planting Technologies Los Lunas Plant Materials Center at Los Lunas, New Mexico • Conservation Concerns • National Park Assistance • Plant Materials Distribution for 2007 The articles on the following pages provide a brief summary of Year 2007 accomplishments. For more detailed technical information, request the 2007 Annual Technical Report. The USDA-NRCS is an equal opportunity employer. A few treatment scenarios are provided in the guide, and Publications Available from the LLPMC examples are given as well as before and after photographs The Los Lunas Plant Materials Center has developed the of sites that have received treatments. The 40-page guide following publications about planting technologies identifies 40 websites where New Mexico NRCS-endorsed developed at the LLPMC: treatment information can be downloaded. This guide is free of charge on the NRCS New Mexico website • Guidelines for Planning Riparian Restoration in the http://www.nm.nrcs.usda.gov/technical/tech-notes/bio/riparian.pdf. Southwest A summary on the attributes of the guide will be presented • Guidelines for Planting Dormant Whip Cuttings to at the 2008 National Soil and Water Conservation Meeting Revegetate and Stabilize Streambanks in Tucson, Arizona. • Guidelines for Planting Longstem Transplants for Production of Riparian Plant Materials Riparian Restoration in the Southwest for Watershed and Ecosystem Restoration • The Pole Cutting Solution Projects These publications are available on the LLPMC website, The purpose of this project is to establish a plant materials and in addition, our annual reports, release information, fact source for native riparian trees and shrubs at the LLPMC for sheets, published proceedings, and other informational the Cibola National Forest. These plant materials are documents also are available. ecotypes indigenous to areas undergoing watershed and Download these documents from the following website: ecosystem restoration within the Cibola National Forest, including the Canadian River Salt Cedar Eradication Project http://www.nm.nrcs.usda.gov/programs/pmc/publications.html (Kiowa National Grasslands) and the Tajique Watershed Restoration Project. New Riparian Publication from the LLPMC and the NRCS New Mexico Technical Staff The LLPMC is producing containerized plant materials of tree, shrub and wetland species from seed collected by US A new publication titled A Guide for Forest Service personnel. Some of the seedlings that have Planning Riparian Treatments in been produced have been installed in pole production blocks New Mexico was developed for to provide a long-term source of dormant pole cuttings. conservationists who will be providing both planning and design assistance in treating riparian areas in the southwest. Land managers have been engaged in controlling exotic phreatophytic, woody vegetation in riparian areas; they have treated more than 34,000 acres in New Mexico in 2002, 2003, and 2004. These areas have undergone either passive or active revegetation treatments. The methodologies utilized have been developed mainly by New Mexico universities, federal and state agencies, or experts within private industries. The USDA-NRCS Los Lunas Plant Materials Center (LLPMC) has been a major contributor in developing new, innovative planting Mills Canyon coyote willow, cottonwood, and peachleaf willow methodologies and new riparian plant materials that work (left to right) in one-gallon treepots propagated from seed in 2005 without follow-up irrigation in the arid southwest. Common (photo taken August 28, 2007). The largest plants have stem restoration methodologies quite often are not effective under lengths of 5- to 6-feet. southwest conditions, and therefore may not be successful in The following table shows the production inventory of New Mexico. riparian species at the LLPMC. The guide identifies the importance of collecting critical on- Riparian Trees and Shrubs for Kiowa National Grasslands Mills site information necessary for the evaluation of site Canyon Restoration Project as of Summer 2007 conditions which are based on hydrology, soils, and Species Propagation One-Gallon vegetation. The conditions of the site help to identify the Method Treepots treatment options for restoration, such as controlling Plains cottonwood seed 750 invasive woody species or planting vegetation. All Narrowleaf (coyote) willow seed and cuttings 350 treatments include some type of maintenance and Peachleaf willow seed and cuttings 130 monitoring. Chokecherry seed 700 Total 1930 2 Block of Mills Canyon chokecherry in one-gallon treepots propagated Placing the rootball at a 5-foot depth in order to come in contact with from seed in 2005 and transplanted in 2007. the capillary water. Photo taken August 28, 2007. Longstem Transplants – Technology for Establishing Woody Vegetation In the riparian areas of the southwest desert region, the establishment of obligate riparian woody shrubs and trees other than the willow family (that is phreatophytic species) requires either lengthy irrigation until the transplant’s root system can extend into permanent soil moisture above the water table (capillary fringe), or planting techniques that allow root systems immediate contact with this wet zone. Plants of these species can be grown in any size container but the mainstem is allowed to grow four-to-ten times the length of the rootball. We call these plants longstem transplants. These longstem transplants are placed in deep holes where Same location in June of the third growing season. Plants have not the root system is placed in the capillary fringe of the water been irrigated even though they have been planted in an 8-inch table in riparian (bosque) areas. The root crown of these precipitation zone. plants may be buried up to a 4- to 6-foot depth. These plants show no negative response from this treatment. In Development of Legume Dalea for Use in Burn fact, they bolt in the spring with new growth maybe because Rehab Seed Mixtures in Southwestern they have complete access to groundwater. This planting Piňon/Juniper Communities method has been successful for all species planted so far and The purpose of this project is to determine seed production includes: New Mexico olive (Forestiera pubescens), false feasibility of different species of Dalea that establish indigo, (Amorpha fruticosa), false willow (Baccharis naturally after burns. These species would be used as burn salicina), skunkbush sumac (Rhus trilobata), golden currant rehab species in the piňon/juniper vegetation type areas in (Ribes aureum), wolfberry (Lycium torreyi) screwbean the Southwest and have a potential for commercial seed mesquite (Prosopis pubescens), netleaf hackberry (Celtis production. reticulata), and box elder (Acer negundo). We have planted over 10,000 in the past five years with an average survival The LLPMC is evaluating the candidate species for the Gila rate of 85%; most of these plantings never received any National Forest for agronomic characteristics that would follow-up irrigation treatments. make them promising for commercial-scale production, and is producing sufficient quantities of seed for testing as a To provide hands-on training for this planting technique, the component in burn rehab seed mixtures. The palatability Los Lunas Plant Materials Center hosted five workshops in and forage value of the species also will be assessed to 2007. These workshops were held on the local riparian determine their potential use for wildlife habitats. areas in Belen, Las Vegas, Carlsbad, Cuba, and Rio
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