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Jan Oeltjen: Ich Bin Kein Krieger Und Will Keiner Werden
Jan Oeltjen: Ich bin kein Krieger und will keiner werden. Kriegstagebücher und Briefe an Elsa Oeltjen-Kasimir Veröffentlichungen des Künstlerhauses Jan Oeltjen e. V., Band 35 Herausgegeben aus Anlass der Ausstellung: Jan Oeltjen (1880-1968): „Ich bin kein Krieger und will keiner werden.“ Bilder und Tagebücher aus dem I. Weltkrieg. Künstlerhaus Jan Oeltjen e. V., Jaderberg, 8. Juli bis 11. September 2005 Ausstellungskonzept und –realisierung: Volker Maeusel, Luise und Lür Steffens Ausstellung und Edition des Tagebuches wurden ermöglicht durch die finanzielle Unterstützung seitens der Stiftung Kunst und Kultur der Landessparkasse zu Oldenburg. Jan Oeltjen: Ich bin kein Krieger und will keiner werden. Kriegstagebücher und Briefe an Elsa Oeltjen-Kasimir. Hg. von Volker Maeusel. Jaderberg 2005 (= Veröffentlichungen des Künstlerhauses Jan Oeltjen e. V. 35). Alle Rechte vorbehalten. Herstellung: Ad. Allmers, Varel Volker Maeusel Vorwort Seit geraumer Zeit bestand seitens des Künstlerhauses Jan Oeltjen e. V. die Absicht, Jan Oeltjens Tagebücher zu erschließen und zu veröffentlichen. Die Gründe dafür liegen auf der Hand: Die Tagebücher erstrecken sich über Jahrzehnte eines Künstlerlebens und stellen in ihrer Geschlossenheit eine wichtige Quelle zur Kunst-, Sozial- und Alltagsgeschichte des 20. Jahrhunderts dar. Als „Tagebuch Jan Oeltjen“ werden dabei diejenigen Hefte verstanden, die Oeltjen zeitnah mit mehr oder minder regelmäßigen Aufzeichnungen seiner Tagesverläufe füllte. Die vornehmlich in Duodez-Formaten gehaltenen Hefte liegen leicht zugänglich vor: Ein Großteil, der - wenngleich mit Lücken - die Jahre 1909-1942 umfasst, ruht im Nachlass Jan Oeltjens im Archiv des Germanischen Nationalmuseums in Nürnberg und steht somit der Öffentlichkeit zur Verfügung.1 Für die Zeit ab 1917 existieren Kopien im Archiv des Künstlerhauses Jan Oeltjen in Jaderberg; darüber hinaus liegen hier die Originale des Zeitraums 1952-1964 zur Einsicht bereit. -
The Western Front the First World War Battlefield Guide: World War Battlefield First the the Westernthe Front
Ed 2 June 2015 2 June Ed The First World War Battlefield Guide: Volume 1 The Western Front The First Battlefield War World Guide: The Western Front The Western Creative Media Design ADR003970 Edition 2 June 2015 The Somme Battlefield: Newfoundland Memorial Park at Beaumont Hamel Mike St. Maur Sheil/FieldsofBattle1418.org The Somme Battlefield: Lochnagar Crater. It was blown at 0728 hours on 1 July 1916. Mike St. Maur Sheil/FieldsofBattle1418.org The First World War Battlefield Guide: Volume 1 The Western Front 2nd Edition June 2015 ii | THE WESTERN FRONT OF THE FIRST WORLD WAR ISBN: 978-1-874346-45-6 First published in August 2014 by Creative Media Design, Army Headquarters, Andover. Printed by Earle & Ludlow through Williams Lea Ltd, Norwich. Revised and expanded second edition published in June 2015. Text Copyright © Mungo Melvin, Editor, and the Authors listed in the List of Contributors, 2014 & 2015. Sketch Maps Crown Copyright © UK MOD, 2014 & 2015. Images Copyright © Imperial War Museum (IWM), National Army Museum (NAM), Mike St. Maur Sheil/Fields of Battle 14-18, Barbara Taylor and others so captioned. No part of this publication, except for short quotations, may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the permission of the Editor and SO1 Commemoration, Army Headquarters, IDL 26, Blenheim Building, Marlborough Lines, Andover, Hampshire, SP11 8HJ. The First World War sketch maps have been produced by the Defence Geographic Centre (DGC), Joint Force Intelligence Group (JFIG), Ministry of Defence, Elmwood Avenue, Feltham, Middlesex, TW13 7AH. United Kingdom. -
INFORMATION to USERS the Most Advanced Technology Has Been Used to Photo Graph and Reproduce This Manuscript from the Microfilm Master
. INFORMATION TO USERS The most advanced technology has been used to photo graph and reproduce this manuscript from the microfilm master. UMI films the original text directly from the copy submitted. Thus, some dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from a computer printer. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyrighted material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are re produced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each oversize page is available as one exposure on a standard 35 mm slide or as a 17" x 23" black and white photographic print for an additional charge. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. 35 mm slides or 6"X 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. Accessing theUMI World’s Information since 1938 300 North Z eeb Road, Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 USA Order Number 8820321 Operational art and the German command system in World War I Meyer, Bradley John, Ph.D. The Ohio State University, 1988 Copyright ©1088 by Meyer, Bradley John. All rights reserved. UMI 300 N. ZeebRd. Ann Arbor, Ml 48106 OPERATIONAL ART AND THE GERMAN COMMAND SYSTEM IN WORLD WAR I DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University By Bradley J. -
The Forgotten Fronts the First World War Battlefield Guide: World War Battlefield First the the Forgotten Fronts Forgotten The
Ed 1 Nov 2016 1 Nov Ed The First World War Battlefield Guide: Volume 2 The Forgotten Fronts The First Battlefield War World Guide: The Forgotten Fronts Creative Media Design ADR005472 Edition 1 November 2016 THE FORGOTTEN FRONTS | i The First World War Battlefield Guide: Volume 2 The British Army Campaign Guide to the Forgotten Fronts of the First World War 1st Edition November 2016 Acknowledgement The publisher wishes to acknowledge the assistance of the following organisations in providing text, images, multimedia links and sketch maps for this volume: Defence Geographic Centre, Imperial War Museum, Army Historical Branch, Air Historical Branch, Army Records Society,National Portrait Gallery, Tank Museum, National Army Museum, Royal Green Jackets Museum,Shepard Trust, Royal Australian Navy, Australian Defence, Royal Artillery Historical Trust, National Archive, Canadian War Museum, National Archives of Canada, The Times, RAF Museum, Wikimedia Commons, USAF, US Library of Congress. The Cover Images Front Cover: (1) Wounded soldier of the 10th Battalion, Black Watch being carried out of a communication trench on the ‘Birdcage’ Line near Salonika, February 1916 © IWM; (2) The advance through Palestine and the Battle of Megiddo: A sergeant directs orders whilst standing on one of the wooden saddles of the Camel Transport Corps © IWM (3) Soldiers of the Royal Army Service Corps outside a Field Ambulance Station. © IWM Inside Front Cover: Helles Memorial, Gallipoli © Barbara Taylor Back Cover: ‘Blood Swept Lands and Seas of Red’ at the Tower of London © Julia Gavin ii | THE FORGOTTEN FRONTS THE FORGOTTEN FRONTS | iii ISBN: 978-1-874346-46-3 First published in November 2016 by Creative Media Designs, Army Headquarters, Andover. -
The Experience of the German Soldier on the Eastern Front
AUTONOMY IN THE GREAT WAR: THE EXPERIENCE OF THE GERMAN SOLDIER ON THE EASTERN FRONT A THESIS IN History Presented to the Faculty of the University Of Missouri-Kansas City in partial fulfillment of The requirements for the degree MASTER OF ARTS By Kevin Patrick Baker B.A. University of Kansas, 2007 Kansas City, Missouri 2012 ©2012 KEVIN PATRICK BAKER ALL RIGHTS RESERVED AUTONOMY IN THE GREAT WAR: THE EXPERIENCE OF THE GERMAN SOLDIER ON THE EASTERN FRONT Kevin Patrick Baker, Candidate for the Master of Arts Degree University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2012 ABSTRACT From 1914 to 1919, the German military established an occupation zone in the territory of present day Poland, Lithuania, and Latvia. Cultural historians have generally focused on the role of German soldiers as psychological and physical victims trapped in total war that was out of their control. Military historians have maintained that these ordinary German soldiers acted not as victims but as perpetrators causing atrocities in the occupied lands of the Eastern Front. This paper seeks to build on the existing scholarship on the soldier’s experience during the Great War by moving beyond this dichotomy of victim vs. perpetrator in order to describe the everyday existence of soldiers. Through the lens of individual selfhood, this approach will explore the gray areas that saturated the experience of war. In order to gain a better understanding of how ordinary soldiers appropriated individual autonomy in total war, this master’s thesis plans to use an everyday-life approach by looking at individual soldiers’ behaviors underneath the canopy of military hegemony. -
Journal of the Lithuania Philatelic Society No. 245 2017
FILATELISTŲ DRAUGIJOS LIETUVA ŽURNALAS Journal of the Lithuania Philatelic Society 2017 No. 245 > JOURNAL of the LITHUANIA PHILATELIC SOCIETY Nr. 245 Published by the Lithuania Philatelic Society (LPS). ISSN 2381-5884. Editor – Audrius Brazdeikis The journal contains news and articles about Lithuanian philately and history. Available to all LPS members who pay specified annual dues The Lithuania Philatelic Society (LPS) Founded in 1946 APS Affiliate: 223 OFFICERS OF THE LITHUANIA PHILATELIC SOCIETY / DRAUGIJOS VALDYBA President Stamp Expertizing Service Audrius Brazdeikis Dr. Vitaly Geyfman P.O. Box 131294 8 Elmhurst Blvd. Houston, TX 77219 Scranton, PA 18505 Tel: (281) 450-6224 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Auditors Vice-President I Dr. Audrius Plioplys John Variakojis 8444 S. Pleasant Ave 8472 Carlisle Ct. Chicago, IL 60643 Burr Ridge, IL 60527 E-mail: <[email protected]> Tel: (630) 974-6525 E-mail: [email protected] Juozas Liubinskas 9716 S. Menard Avenue Vice-President II Oak Lawn, IL 60453 Raymond Korzonas E-mail: [email protected] 16061 Messenger Circle Homer Glen, IL 60559 Liaison in Lithuania E-mail: [email protected] Vladas Miežanskas S. Žukausko 33 - 59 LT-49249 Kaunas, Lithuania Journal Editor E-mail: [email protected] Audrius Brazdeikis P.O. Box 131294 Journal Administrator Houston, TX 77219 John Variakojis Tel: (281) 450-6224 E-mail: [email protected] APS Representative John Variakojis Treasurer John Variakojis Secretary Violeta Rutkauskienė > POSTAL HISTORY / PAŠTO ISTORIJA > > CENTENARY OF (RE-)INDEPENDENCE OF LITHUANIA SEEN VIA POSTAL 05 HISTORY By Dr. Vytautas Doniela > CONTENTS GENERAL (LATER FIELD MARSHAL) 09 EICHHORN IN LITHUANIA IN WWI Journal of the Lithuania Philatelic Society, No. -
Resilient Russian Women in the 1920S & 1930S
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Zea E-Books Zea E-Books 8-19-2015 Resilient Russian Women in the 1920s & 1930s Marcelline Hutton [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/zeabook Part of the European Languages and Societies Commons, Modern Art and Architecture Commons, Modern Literature Commons, Russian Literature Commons, Theatre and Performance Studies Commons, and the Women's Studies Commons Recommended Citation Hutton, Marcelline, "Resilient Russian Women in the 1920s & 1930s" (2015). Zea E-Books. Book 31. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/zeabook/31 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the Zea E-Books at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Zea E-Books by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Marcelline Hutton Resilient Russian Women in the 1920s & 1930s The stories of Russian educated women, peasants, prisoners, workers, wives, and mothers of the 1920s and 1930s show how work, marriage, family, religion, and even patriotism helped sustain them during harsh times. The Russian Revolution launched an economic and social upheaval that released peasant women from the control of traditional extended fam- ilies. It promised urban women equality and created opportunities for employment and higher education. Yet, the revolution did little to elim- inate Russian patriarchal culture, which continued to undermine wom- en’s social, sexual, economic, and political conditions. Divorce and abor- tion became more widespread, but birth control remained limited, and sexual liberation meant greater freedom for men than for women. The transformations that women needed to gain true equality were post- poned by the pov erty of the new state and the political agendas of lead- ers like Lenin, Trotsky, and Stalin. -
Processes of Tactical Learning in a WWI German Infantry Division1
Journal of Military and Strategic VOLUME 13, ISSUE 4, Summer 2011 Studies Strategy "in a microcosm": Processes of tactical learning in a WWI German Infantry Division1 Christian Stachelbeck Despite the defeat of 1918, the tactical warfare of German forces on the battlefields against a superior enemy coalition was often very effective. The heavy losses suffered by the allies until well into the last months of the war are evidence of this.2 The tactical level of military action comprises the field of direct battle with forces up to division size. Tactics – according to Clausewitz, the “theory of the use of military forces in combat” – is the art of commanding troops and their organized interaction in combined arms combat in the types of combat which characterized the world war era – attack, defense and delaying engagement.3 1 This paper is based on my book Militärische Effektivität im Ersten Weltkrieg. Die 11. Bayerische Infanteriedivision 1915-1918, Paderborn et al. 2010 (=Zeitalter der Weltkriege, 6). It is also a revised version of my paper: “Autrefois à la guerre, tout était simple“. La modernisation du combat interarmes à partir de l’exemple d’une division d’infanterie allemande sur le front de l’Ouest entre 1916 et 1918. In: Revue Historique des Armées, 256 (2009), pp. 14-31. 2 See Niall Ferguson, The Pity of War (New York: Basic Books, 1999). 3 See Gerhard P. Groß, Das Dogma der Beweglichkeit. Überlegungen zur Genese der deutschen Heerestaktik im Zeitalter der Weltkriege. In: Erster Weltkrieg - Zweiter Weltkrieg. Ein Vergleich. Krieg, Kriegserlebnis, Kriegserfahrung in Deutschland, on behalf of Militärgeschichtliches Forschungsamt (Military History Research Institute) edited by Bruno Thoß and Hans-Erich Volkmann, Paderborn et al. -
Soldiers, Rabbis, and the Ostjuden Under German Occupation: 1915-1918
University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 8-2010 Shattered Communities: Soldiers, Rabbis, and the Ostjuden under German Occupation: 1915-1918 Tracey Hayes Norrell [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss Part of the Diplomatic History Commons, European History Commons, History of Religion Commons, Military History Commons, and the Political History Commons Recommended Citation Norrell, Tracey Hayes, "Shattered Communities: Soldiers, Rabbis, and the Ostjuden under German Occupation: 1915-1918. " PhD diss., University of Tennessee, 2010. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/834 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a dissertation written by Tracey Hayes Norrell entitled "Shattered Communities: Soldiers, Rabbis, and the Ostjuden under German Occupation: 1915-1918." I have examined the final electronic copy of this dissertation for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, with a major in History. Vejas G. Liulevicius, Major Professor We have read this dissertation and recommend -
HISTORY of UKRAINE and UKRAINIAN CULTURE Scientific and Methodical Complex for Foreign Students
Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine Flight Academy of National Aviation University IRYNA ROMANKO HISTORY OF UKRAINE AND UKRAINIAN CULTURE Scientific and Methodical Complex for foreign students Part 3 GUIDELINES FOR SELF-STUDY Kropyvnytskyi 2019 ɍȾɄ 94(477):811.111 R e v i e w e r s: Chornyi Olexandr Vasylovych – the Head of the Department of History of Ukraine of Volodymyr Vynnychenko Central Ukrainian State Pedagogical University, Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate professor. Herasymenko Liudmyla Serhiivna – associate professor of the Department of Foreign Languages of Flight Academy of National Aviation University, Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate professor. ɇɚɜɱɚɥɶɧɨɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɧɢɣɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɩɿɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɨɡɝɿɞɧɨɪɨɛɨɱɨʀɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɢɧɚɜɱɚɥɶɧɨʀɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɿɧɢ "ȱɫɬɨɪɿɹ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ ɬɚ ɭɤɪɚʀɧɫɶɤɨʀ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɢ" ɞɥɹ ɿɧɨɡɟɦɧɢɯ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɿɜ, ɡɚɬɜɟɪɞɠɟɧɨʀ ɧɚ ɡɚɫɿɞɚɧɧɿ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɢ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɨʀ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɿɤɢɬɚɫɨɰɿɚɥɶɧɨɝɭɦɚɧɿɬɚɪɧɢɯɧɚɭɤ (ɩɪɨɬɨɤɨɥʋ1 ɜɿɞ 31 ɫɟɪɩɧɹ 2018 ɪɨɤɭ) ɬɚɫɯɜɚɥɟɧɨʀɆɟɬɨɞɢɱɧɢɦɢ ɪɚɞɚɦɢɮɚɤɭɥɶɬɟɬɿɜɦɟɧɟɞɠɦɟɧɬɭ, ɥɶɨɬɧɨʀɟɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɿʀɬɚɨɛɫɥɭɝɨɜɭɜɚɧɧɹɩɨɜɿɬɪɹɧɨɝɨɪɭɯɭ. ɇɚɜɱɚɥɶɧɢɣ ɩɨɫɿɛɧɢɤ ɡɧɚɣɨɦɢɬɶ ɿɧɨɡɟɦɧɢɯ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɿɜ ɡ ɿɫɬɨɪɿɽɸ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ, ʀʀ ɛɚɝɚɬɨɸ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɨɸ, ɨɯɨɩɥɸɽ ɧɚɣɜɚɠɥɢɜɿɲɿɚɫɩɟɤɬɢ ɭɤɪɚʀɧɫɶɤɨʀɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨɫɬɿ. ɋɜɿɬɭɤɪɚʀɧɫɶɤɢɯɧɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɢɯɬɪɚɞɢɰɿɣ ɭɧɿɤɚɥɶɧɢɣ. ɋɬɨɥɿɬɬɹɦɢ ɪɨɡɜɢɜɚɥɚɫɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɪɢɬɭɚɥɿɜ ɿ ɜɿɪɭɜɚɧɶ, ɹɤɿ ɧɚ ɫɭɱɚɫɧɨɦɭ ɟɬɚɩɿ ɧɚɛɭɜɚɸɬɶ ɧɨɜɨʀ ɩɨɩɭɥɹɪɧɨɫɬɿ. Ʉɧɢɝɚ ɪɨɡɩɨɜɿɞɚɽ ɩɪɨ ɤɚɥɟɧɞɚɪɧɿ ɫɜɹɬɚ ɜ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɿ: ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɿ, ɪɟɥɿɝɿɣɧɿ, ɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɿ, ɧɚɪɨɞɧɿ, ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɪɿɡɧɿ ɩɚɦ ɹɬɧɿ ɞɚɬɢ. ɍ ɩɨɫɿɛɧɢɤɭ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɿ ɪɿɡɧɨɦɚɧɿɬɧɿ ɞɚɧɿ ɩɪɨ ɮɥɨɪɭ ɿ ɮɚɭɧɭ ɤɥɿɦɚɬɢɱɧɢɯ -
Dangerouswoman.Pdf
2 A Oneworld Book This ebook edition published by Oneworld Publications, 2015 First published in North America, Great Britain and Australia by Oneworld Publications 2015 Copyright © Deborah McDonald and Jeremy Dronfield 2015 The moral right of Deborah McDonald and Jeremy Dronfield to be identified as the Authors of this work has been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs, and Patents Act 1988 All rights reserved Copyright under Berne Convention A CIP record for this title is available from the British Library 3 Excerpt from H. G. Wells: Aspects of a Life by Anthony West (Random House, New York). Copyright © 1984 by Anthony West. Reprinted by permission of the Wallace Literary Agency, Inc. Excerpt from Memoirs of a British Agent by R. H. Bruce Lockhart reprinted with the permission of Pen and Sword Books. Excerpt from Retreat from Glory by R. H. Bruce Lockhart (Putnum, London) reprinted by permission of the Marsh Agency. Permission to use part of the poem ‘Moura Budberg on her proposed return to England’ from Out on a limb by Michael Burn (Chatto & Windus, 1973) granted by Watson, Little Ltd Thanks to Simon Calder and his siblings for permission to quote Lord Ritchie Calder. Excerpts from Russia in the Shadows, H.G. Wells in Love, a letter from H. G. Wells to Elizabeth von Arnim, Correspondence of H. G. Wells v3 p513 and a letter from H. G. Wells to Christabel Aberconway, 20 May 1934, quoted in Andrea Lynn, ‘Shadow 4 Lovers’, p. 199-200. Reprinted by permission of United Agents LLP. ISBN 978-1-78074-7088 ISBN 978-1-78074-7095 (eBook) Text design and typeset by Hewer text UK Ltd, Edinburgh Oneworld Publications 10 Bloomsbury Street London WC1B 3SR England 5 Visit www.mourabudberg.com for more information about Moura and news about A Very Dangerous Woman. -
Fedor Von Bock OB Der Heeresgruppe Mitte in Russland
Copyright © by Autor und Verlag Arthur Moewig GmbH, Rastatt Alle Rechte vorbehalten Redaktion: Bertold K. Jochim Umschlagentwurf und -gestaltung: Werbeagentur Zeuner, Ettlingen Verkaufspreis inkl. gesetzl. Mehrwertsteuer Printed in Germany 1988 ISBN 3-8118-1049-9 (Kassette) Eingescannt mit OCR-Software ABBYY Fine Reader Zur Einführung Dieses Buch dient nicht der Verherrlichung eines grundsätzlich abzulehnenden hemmungslosen Militarismus. Der Verfasser hat sich vielmehr zum Ziele gesetzt, das Leben und Wirken deutscher Generalfeldmarschälle und Grossadmirale, der Inhaber höchster soldatischer Ränge, in politisch und militärisch besonders schwierigen, ja geradezu unheilvollen Zeiten möglichst objektiv zu würdigen. Dabei geht es nicht nur um die persönlichen Berufs- und Lebensschicksale der in 27 Kurzbiographien vorgestellten hohen Offiziere des Heeres, der Kriegsmarine und der Luftwaffe. Vielmehr waren die schon einmal veröffentlichten Lebensbeschreibun- gen von vornherein auf Zusammenschau und wechselseitige Ergänzung angelegt. Die einzelnen Abhandlungen werfen aus verschiedensten Blickwinkeln zugleich kurze Streiflichter auf ein halbes Jahrhundert wechselvoller deutscher Wehrgeschichte: vom kaiserlichen Deutschland (bis 1918) über die Weimarer Republik (1918 bis 1933) bis zur Wehrmacht des Dritten Reiches (1933 bis 1943) sowie auf Geschehnisse der bei- den Weltkriege von 1914-1918 und 1939-1943. Darüber hinaus aber sollen diese Aus- führungen auch die oft tragische Verstrickung höchster soldatischer Führer in das Zeitgeschehen verdeutlichen, wofür nicht wenige von ihnen hart büssen und einige sogar mit dem Leben bezahlen mussten. Das schlägt sich u.a. in folgenden Zahlen nieder: Von achtzehn Generalfeldmarschällen, die während des Krieges im Heer Dienst taten, wurden bis Kriegsende, wie man in General Siewerts Buch* nachlesen kann, elf ihres Amtes enthoben, drei büssten ihr Leben im Zusammenhang mit dem 20.