Infrastructure Creation: Integrating the Nation

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Infrastructure Creation: Integrating the Nation INFRASTRUCTURE SPEND CONNECTIVITY Infrastructure Creation: Integrating the Nation G Raghuram he 2018-19 Union Budget national corridors; and border, coastal recognizes a total allocation and port connectivity roads. of Rs 5.97 trillion in infrastructure. This Both the Railways and the National T compares with an expected Highways Authority of India (NHAI) expenditure of Rs 4.94 trillion in are expected to source funds beyond 2017-18. The infrastructure allocations just internal surpluses and budgetary have not only been increasing in support. The Railways, apart from absolute terms, but also as a share the traditional sourcing through of total budgetary allocation. The bonds, are expected to bring in funds allocations have been going up in all the through public-private partnerships sub- sectors of infrastructure including (PPPs), especially in railway station railways, roads, aviation, etc. redevelopment and rolling stock manufacturing. The NHAI would use The Finance Minister at The single largest entity spend is schemes like toll, operate and transfer the start of his budget for the Indian Railways. The thrust in (TOT) and raising equity from the speech indicated that India the current budget has been on capacity market using road assets that have needed investments over Rs creation, including track doubling, crossed the transfer phase of the earlier 50 trillion in infrastructure third and fourth line works; 5,000 km build, operate and transfer (BOT). of gauge conversion; redeveloping 600 to “increase growth of GDP, In the maritime sector, the focus connect and integrate the railway stations; and introduction of modern train-sets. The proposed gauge is on spends as part of the Sagarmala nation with a network of roads, conversion would make the country Project. In aviation, the focus is on airports, railways, ports and broad gauge based unigauge system. improving airport capacity, developing inland waterways and to The budget also has a special focus on new airports and increasing connectivity provide good quality services”. suburban railways including Mumbai to unserved airports and helipads. He declared that the and Bengaluru.The spend on Mumbai Other domains of infrastructure government was committed would be part of Phase 3A of the Rs spend include the 99 smart cities to this and would ensure 0.55 trillion Mumbai Urban Transport and rural infrastructure through Project (MUTP). the required investment.The development of rural roads, houses, The Union Budget includes a electricity, sanitation, irrigation and challenge is not so much in water supply. the allocation of funds as in total outlay of Rs 1.21 trillion on strategizing appropriately road infrastructure. The spend is Bandwidth for Spending part of the approved Rs 5.35 trillion and ensuring timely Bharatmala Project, which includes One of the important challenges implementation development of economic corridors, with the increased allocations is our efficiency improvements on key ability to spend it effectively. For The author is Director, IIM Bangalore. He specializes in infrastructure and transport systems, and logistics and supply chain management. He has published over 35 refereed papers in journals and written over 155 case studies. He has co-authored six books. He has been part of various government policy making and advisory committees for various ministries of government of India. 56 YOJANA March 2018 example, even though the allocation for railways from Gross Budgetary Support (GBS) in 2017-18 was Rs 0.55 trillion, the expected actual spend has been revised downward to Rs 0.42 trillion. Consequently, the GBS provision for 2018-19 has been kept at Rs 0.55 trillion, without any increase and almost identical to the previous year’s provision. The inability to spend is a function of insufficient governmental bandwidth in putting out well-written project documents and quick processing of permissions; lack of legal and judicial bandwidth; and the significant non- performing infrastructure assets that put limits on debt financing. Stalled permissions and/or legal issues have held up many projects mid way. A concerted effort to protect and unlock Projectising as a Means of Directing successful infrastructure projects. The the Spend such assets is important. The Ministry second decadal phase of this project has been advanced to be completed of Road Transport and Highways On the credit side though, the by 2019 (instead of 2021), so that (MORTH) must be commended for allocations in different sectors over the third phase can be put in place. attempting to resolve legal issues in the past few years have tended to be Apart from deeper penetration, the many projects, though there are many guided by long-term multi-activity rural road network is focusing on others still stuck. project conceptualization like the improved maintenance and two-sided PradhanMantri Gram SadakYojana connectivity to facilitate not just It is rather unfortunate that though (PMGSY), Sagarmala, High Speed the budget gets such heightened annual Rail (HSR) and Bharatmala projects. physical connectivity, but also services. attention, there is no mechanism of The HSR and Bharatmala projects In the context of rural electricity, reviewing the budgetary performance, were announced in September and the focus is shifting from village- not just financially, but in actual October 2017 respectively. (Of course, level connectivity to household-level outcomes achieved with an analysis the Bharatmala is, in many ways, a connectivity. In terms of sanitation, of the causes. The annual economic modified version of the earlier National though the focus is on building toilets, survey is at best a document that Highways Development Project.) full effectiveness can be achieved only looks at performance in an aggregate Such conceptualization provides more by changing the behavior to increase manner, albeit in different sub sectors. stability and direction, rather than usage. This needs ‘marketing’ like Budgets tend to focus on political being buffeted by varying annual efforts. rhetoric, often repeating the same demands. Inter-sectoral Issues activities. For example, the railway In spite of projectising, there are station development and the new However, a related challenge domains where we falter. For example, airports development have been is one of examining inter-sectoral the BharatNet project (the earlier repeated in many successive budgets. implications. For example, it is not National Optical Fibre Network), While earlier budgets had schemes clear whether building and connecting which is to provide broadband like Setu Bharatam (to remove level more airports is the way to go, given connectivity to every Gram Panchayat, crossings on National Highways), has had implementation issues, the improving road connectivity. More Special Unit for Transportation causing significant delays in timelines. airports will reduce the catchment per Research and Analytics (SUTRA) Part of the problem was due to the airport, reducing frequency of service and Special Railway Establishment implementation being ‘handed over’ and thus putting the overall viability for Strategic Technology and Holistic to public sector undertakings, which in question. For example, Hubbali and Advancement (SRESHTA), it is did not have this as a priority. Belagavi are less than 100 kilometers difficult to find the state of progress of apart with excellent road connectivity, these activities vis-a-vis their original In the context of rural infrastructure, but still wish to have modern airports intent. the PMGSY has been one of the most with just a couple of flightsa day each. YOJANA March 2018 57 It would take under two hours to reach Budget for the Railways either airport from their catchment. As In keeping with the Government’s focus on strengthening the Railways a comparison, there are many parts in network in the country the General Budget 2018-19 has enhanced the Bengaluru where reaching the airport allocation for the Ministry. Railways’ Capex for the year 2018-19 has been would take more than two hours. An pegged at Rs.1,48,528 crore. A large part of this will be devoted to capacity overall approach to air connectivity by creation. 18,000 kilometers of doubling, third and fourth line works and 5000 integrating roads, and keeping a focus kilometers of gauge conversion would augment capacity and transform almost on access time rather than distance the entire network into Broad Gauge 4000 kilometers of railway network are would be the way to go. For example, to be commissioned for electrification during 2017-18. in hilly areas, airports closer to one 12000 wagons, 5160 coaches and approximately 700 locomotives are being another may still be okay. procured during 2018-19, and the work on Eastern and Western dedicated Another inter-sectoral domain Freight Corridors is on going. A major programme has been initiated to is that of intermodal connectivity strengthen infrastructure at the Goods sheds and fast track commissioning of between the metro and the railways. private sidings. Bengaluru and Delhi are examples The Finance Minister assured that adequate funds will be available under where such connectivity has as of now Rashtriya Rail Sanraksha Kosh. Over 3600 kms of track renewal is targeted been compromised, leading to poor during 2018-19. There will be increasing use of technology like ‘‘Fog Safe’’ service quality for customer transfer, and ‘‘Train Protection and Warning System’’. 4267 unmanned level crossings and resulting in reduced demand. It in the broad gauge network will be eliminated in the next two years. does make one reflect on the need for basic smartness, rather than what is Modern train-sets with the state-of-the-art amenities and features are being implied by ‘smart’ cities. designed at Integrated Coach Factory, Perambur. The first such train-set will be commissioned during 2018-19. Redevelopment of 600 major railway There are inter-sectoral issues stations is being taken up by Indian Railway Station Development Co. Ltd. between energy and transportation. All stations with more than 25000 footfalls will have escalators. All railway The government has demonstrated stations and trains will be progressively provided with wi-fi.
Recommended publications
  • Guwahati Development
    Editorial Board Advisers: Hrishikesh Goswami, Media Adviser to the Chief Minister, Assam V.K. Pipersenia, IAS, Chief Secretary, Assam Members: L.S. Changsan, IAS, Principal Secretary to the Government of Assam, Home & Political, I&PR, etc. Rajib Prakash Baruah, ACS, Additional Secretary to the Government of Assam, I&PR, etc. Ranjit Gogoi, Director, Information and Public Relations Pranjit Hazarika, Deputy Director, Information and Public Relations Manijyoti Baruah, Sr. Planning and Research Officer, Transformation & Development Department Z.A. Tapadar, Liaison Officer, Directorate of Information and Public Relations Neena Baruah, District Information and Public Relations Officer, Golaghat Antara P.P. Bhattacharjee, PRO, Industries & Commerce Syeda Hasnahana, Liaison Officer, Directorate of Information and Public Relations Photographs: DIPR Assam, UB Photos First Published in Assam, India in 2017 by Government of Assam © Department of Information and Public Relations and Department of Transformation & Development, Government of Assam. All Rights Reserved. Design: Exclusive Advertising Pvt. Ltd., Guwahati Printed at: Assam Government Press 4 First year in service to the people: Dedicated for a vibrant, progressive and resurgent Assam In a democracy, the people's mandate is supreme. A year ago when the people of Assam reposed their faith in us, we were fully conscious of the responsibility placed on us. We acknowledged that our actions must stand up to the people’s expectations and our promise to steer the state to greater heights. Since the formation of the new State Government, we have been striving to bring positive changes in the state's economy and social landscape. Now, on the completion of a year, it makes me feel satisfied that Assam is on a resurgent growth track on all fronts.
    [Show full text]
  • Output Outcome Framework for Schemes 2018-2019 Demand No
    PREFACE Major Expenditure Reforms have been undertaken by the Government over the last two-three years. This not only includes simplification of appraisal and approval processes, but also structural changes in the process of budget making itself like doing away with Plan Non-plan distinction. As a result,the cost-centres are being treated in an integrated manner, within only the statutory revenue capital framework. This enables another major structural reform, which is to bring the public schemes and projects under a monitorable Output-Outcome framework. Since 2017-18, in addition to the financial outlays of schemes of the Ministries being indicated in the Budget document, the expected outputs and outcomes of the schemes were also prepared and presented separately by each Ministry in the form of Outcome Budget. T h e s e Outlays, Outputs and Outcomes are being presented to the Parliament in measurable terms, bringing-in greater accountability for the agencies involved in the execution of government schemes and projects. utlay is the amount that is provided for a given scheme or project in the Budget; while Outpu refers to the direct and measurable product of program activities, often expressed in physical terms or units. utcome are the collective results or qualitative improvements brought about in the delivery of these services, often expressed in terms of improvements over ex-ante or earlier indicators and benchmarks. From the last year s budget, it was decided that the output and outcomes of the schemes of 68 Ministries and Departments would be available along with the financial outlays as a part of the Budget documents, so that clearly defined objectives and goals for each scheme can be seen by all.
    [Show full text]
  • GPT Infraprojects Limited
    GPT Infraprojects Limited Result Presentation Q3 & 9M FY19 Safe Harbor • This presentation and the accompanying slides (the “Presentation”), which have been prepared by GPT Infraprojects Limited (the “Company”), have been prepared solely for information purposes and do not constitute any offer, recommendation or invitation to purchase or subscribe for any securities, and shall not form the basis or be relied on in connection with any contractor binding commitment whatsoever. No offering of securities of the Company will be made except by means of a statutory offering document containing detailed information about the Company • This Presentation has been prepared by the Company based on information and data which the Company considers reliable, but the Company makes no representation or warranty, express or implied, whatsoever, and no reliance shall be placed on, the truth, accuracy, completeness, fairness and reasonableness of the contents of this Presentation. This Presentation may not be all inclusive and may not contain all of the information that you may consider material. Any liability in respect of the contents of, or any omission from, this Presentation is expressly excluded • Certain matters discussed in this Presentation may contain statements regarding the Company’s market opportunity and business prospects that are individually and collectively forward-looking statements. Such forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties and assumptions that are
    [Show full text]
  • Setu Bharatam Project
    UPSC Civil Services Examination UPSC Notes [GS-II] Topic: Setu Bharatam Project The Setu Bharatam Project was launched on 4th March 2016 by PM Narendra Modi. This project was started as an initiative to make all the national highways free of railway crossings by the year 2019. According to PM Narendra Modi, the total budget of this project was Rs. 102 billion with an aim to construct around 208 rail over and under bridges. Some of the highlights of the Setu Bharatam Project have been discussed in the table below: Setu Bharatam Project Date of launching 4th March 2016 Launched by PM Narendra Modi Government Ministry Ministry of Road Transport and Highways Year of completion of Setu Bharatam 2019 What is Setu Bharatam? The Government of India launched the Setu Bharatam project considering the importance of road safety. Setu Bharatam aims in developing a strong infrastructure that will contribute towards the growth of the country through proper planning and implementation of this project. A total of Rs. 102 billion was sanctioned by PM Narendra Modi for completion of this project. The Setu Bharatam focuses on the construction of new bridges along with the renovation of old ones. An Indian Bridge Management System (IBMS) was also established by the Ministry of Road Transport & Highways at the Indian Academy for Highway Engineer in Noida. The primary aim of this project is to conduct surveys and inventions of all the bridges on the national highways through mobile inspection units. There are around 11 firms that have been set up for this purpose. This project has been successful in inventing 50,000 bridges till now and the first cycle of this survey was completed in June 2016.
    [Show full text]
  • Indian Tourism Infrastructure
    INDIAN TOURISM INFRASTRUCTURE InvestmentINDIAN TOURISM INFRASTRUCTUREOppor -tunities Investment Opportunities & & Challenges Challenges 1 2 INDIAN TOURISM INFRASTRUCTURE - Investment Opportunities & Challenges Acknowledgement We extend our sincere gratitude to Shri Vinod Zutshi, Secretary (Former), Ministry of Tourism, Government of India for his contribution and support for preparing the report. INDIAN TOURISM INFRASTRUCTURE - Investment Opportunities & Challenges 3 4 INDIAN TOURISM INFRASTRUCTURE - Investment Opportunities & Challenges FOREWORD Travel and tourism, the largest service industry in India was worth US$234bn in 2018 – a 19% year- on-year increase – the third largest foreign exchange earner for India with a 17.9% growth in Foreign Exchange Earnings (in Rupee Terms) in March 2018 over March 2017. According to The World Travel and Tourism Council, tourism generated ₹16.91 lakh crore (US$240 billion) or 9.2% of India’s GDP in 2018 and supported 42.673 million jobs, 8.1% of its total employment. The sector is predicted to grow at an annual rate of 6.9% to ₹32.05 lakh crore (US$460 billion) by 2028 (9.9% of GDP). The Ministry has been actively working towards the development of quality tourism infrastructure at various tourist destinations and circuits in the States / Union Territories by sanctioning expenditure budgets across schemes like SWADESH DARSHAN and PRASHAD. The Ministry of Tourism has been actively promoting India as a 365 days tourist destination with the introduction of niche tourism products in the country like Cruise, Adventure, Medical, Wellness, Golf, Polo, MICE Tourism, Eco-tourism, Film Tourism, Sustainable Tourism, etc. to overcome ‘seasonality’ challenge in tourism. I am pleased to present the FICCI Knowledge Report “Indian Tourism Infrastructure : Investment Opportunities & Challenges” which highlights the current scenario, key facts and figures pertaining to the tourism sector in India.
    [Show full text]
  • YEARS of India Rebuilding
    PM NAGPUR VISIT n DIALOGUE: CHIEF MINISTER n NITI AAYOG MEETING n ASIATIC SOCIETY VOL.6 ISSUE 05 n M AY 2017 n `50 n PAGES 52 YEARS OF REBUILDING INDIA PRIORITY Maharashtra A TRUSTED DESTINATION Prime Minister Narendra Modi has made all efforts to focus on the development of Maharashtra. The State has not just got support from him, but has also been a platform to launch and celebrate his initiatives 1 2 3 4 5 1. Prime Minister Narendra Modi performing jalpoojan of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj memorial; 2. The Prime Minister with Pune girl Vaishali Yadav; 3. The Prime Minister at the Make in India Week; 4. The Prime Minister with Governor Ch. Vidyasagar Rao, Chief Minister Devendra Fadnavis and other dignitaries at the Smart Cities function in Pune; 5. The Prime Minister inaugurates GE facility at Chakan; 6. The Prime Minister at the signing of MIDC and TwinStar Display Technologies MoU; 7. The Prime Minister performing bhoomipujan of Dr 6 Ambedkar memorial at Indu Mill 7 CONTENTS What’s Inside 05 Column DEVENDRA FADNAVIS The Chief Minister of Maharashtra writes on the three years of the Union Government led by Prime Minister Narendra Modi. In these three years, the country has steadily transformed into a nation that is competent, enabled and fully geared to face challenges confidently and emerge as a global power. The time was also good for States like Maharashtra that recieved immense support, guidance, global opportunities and welfare programmes dedicated to various sections to build an inclusive society 09 COLUMN 12 COLUMN 14 COLUMN
    [Show full text]
  • PM's Address to the Nation from the Ramparts of the Red Fort on 70Th
    PM’s address to the Nation from the ramparts of the Red Fort on 70th Independence Day My beloved countrymen, on this auspicious occasion of our festival of freedom; I extend lots of greetings to the one hundred and twenty five crores fellow nationals and also to entire Indian diaspora spread all over the world, from this rampart of the Red Fort. This festival of our freedom, this 70 years of our Independence, is the festival for our resolution to take the nation to new heights with a new resolve and a new fervour and new energy. We are able to breathe in a free air as the result of the sacrifices, renunciation and penance of our millions of great forefathers. We are also reminded of the youths who kissed the gallows. We also remember Mahatma Gandhi, Sardar Patel, Pandit Nehru and countless great persons, who fought ceaselessly for the freedom of our nation. It is the result of their struggles that we are now fortunate enough to breathe as a free citizen. India is a very ancient nation. We have a history of thousands of years and our cultural heritage is also millennia old. Right from the Vedas to Vivekananda, from the Upanishads to the satellites, the Sudarshan Chakradhari Mohan to Charkhadhari Mohan, from the Bhim of Mahabharat to the Bhimrao; we have a long historical journey and heritage. Our land has seen many historical ups and downs and our generations have waged many struggles and observed penance to bequeath great values to the humanity. India‘s age is not just seventy years.
    [Show full text]
  • Global Relations Forum
    Global Relations Forum India’s View on Human Security: Citizens First, Holistic Urbanisation and Cooperation with the European Union By Gauri Khandekar Working Paper 1 No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without permission in writing from Global Relations Forum. Global Relations Forum, India Pune Office Clover Centre, 121 B Wing, Camp, Pune 411001, India Tel: +91 70303 93261 Brussels Office 2 Avenue de la Brabanconne, 1000 Brussels, Belgium Tel: +32 483438283 Email: [email protected] This project is funded by the European Union © European Union, 2016 The information and views set out in this report are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official opinion of the European Union. Neither the European Union institutions and bodies nor any person acting on their behalf may be held responsible for the use which may be made of the information contained therein. About the Author: Gauri Khandekar is Deputy Director and Director Europe at Global Relations Forum based in its Brussels office. The views expressed in this publication are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of Global Relations Forum. This publication is distributed free of charge. This Working Paper is part of a project on EU-India Cooperation on Urbanisation undertaken jointly by the Global Relations Forum and the Friedrich Ebert Stiftung. © Global Relations Forum India, 2016 2 Global Relations Forum India’s View on Human Security: Citizens First, Holistic Urbanisation and Cooperation with the European Union By Gauri Khandekar 3 Global Relations Forum Executive Summary Human Security as a concept is highly contested.
    [Show full text]
  • Setu Bharatam: Project the Need of Hours
    International Journal of Research p-I SSN: 2348-6848 e-I SSN: 2348-795X Available at Volume 04 Issue 0 3 https://edupediapublications.org/journals Ma rch 2017 Setu Bharatam: Project the Need of Hours Jai Parkash s/o Raj bir Sharma M.Phil (Economics) Scholar Dept. of Economics MDU Rohtak (HR) [email protected] Abstract:- Level crossing employees and others due to constitute high risk spots for train accident occurred at level Indian railway. In 2012, the crossing. Railway and road Kakodar Committee strongly crossing the two different recommended eliminate of all infrastructure network during the level crossing within 5 their normal operations results years. The expenditure for in increased chances of loss of undertaking such a massive life and property. These project, the report would be accidents also create a drag in recovered due to saving the limiting capacity of trains through improving train leading to increased costs for operation. In India half the train operation and maintenance of accidents occur at level the railways. An estimate 5% crossing out of 54 such incident trains punctually on account of in 2014-15, 48 accident toke non closure of safety gate at place at unmanned level crossings in time. crossing which can be attribute Keywords:- Attribute, to negligence of road user. In consultancy, corridor, most cases the road users are eliminate, frequent, the casually and some time infrastructure, improvisation, heavy road vehicle can present imperative, negligence, a risk to trains as well. More recommendation, smoothening than 50% of fatalities and a quarter of all injuries sustained Introduction:- SETU Bharatam by passenger, railway project has been launched on 4th Available online: https://edupediapublications.org/journals/index.php/IJR/ P a g e | 1277 International Journal of Research p-I SSN: 2348-6848 e-I SSN: 2348-795X Available at Volume 04 Issue 0 3 https://edupediapublications.org/journals Ma rch 2017 March 2016 by the Prime Provision of SETU Bharatam minister of India Sh.
    [Show full text]
  • Market Intelligence Newsletter August, 2017— Issue II Roads & Highways 01
    DBLInfrastructure & Beyond Market Intelligence Newsletter August, 2017— Issue II Roads & Highways 01. Bharatmala Project ( Total Budget Rs. 10 lakh Cr.) 06. PM Narendra Modi will roll out more than 9,500 road projects including national highways, state roads and rural roads under PMGSY and Rajasthan's flagship programs on August 29 109 projects are being funded by the road transport ministry and NHAI, which are primarily widening of highways, improvement and construc- tion of state roads. These will cover little over 3,000 km and involve Rs 15,000 crore 07. The Yamuna Expressway Industrial Development Authority (YEIDA), the nodal agency for the Noida Inter- national airport project, has started the process to pre- pare a techno-feasibility report It has also sought Rs2,000 crore from the state government to acquire 1,000 hectares of agricultural land for the first phase of the project. On The Bharatmala program will subsume unfinished components of NHDP the whole, the project requires 5,000 hectares besides focusing on new projects like development of Border and Interna- tional connectivity roads, Coastal and port connectivity roads, National 08. To decongest the Delhi-Gurgaon stretch of NH-8, Corridors Efficiency improvements, Economic corridors development etc. NHAI has prepared a plan to complete a slew of pro- It will also focus on improving connectivity to Char Dham jects with an investment of at least Rs 8,000 crore in the Bharatmala Phase 1 details next three years Road Type Kms Bids for improvement of Gurgaon-Badshahpur - six-lane highway with Economic Corridors (44) 9,000 service roads - have been invited and it will require Rs 1,700 crore Inter-corridor & feeder Routes 6,000 investment National Corridors Efficiency Programme 5,000 The other major project is building of Dwarka Expressway.
    [Show full text]
  • National Infrastructure Pipeline
    National Infrastructure Pipeline Report of the Task Force Department of Economic Affairs Ministry of Finance Government of India Volume II 1 2 Contents Infrastructure Progress 20 Sector Progress, Deficits and Challenges, Vision and Reforms 23 General Reforms 174 Financial Sector Reforms 188 Infrastructure Financing 206 Business Models 230 Financing the NIP 244 Way Forward 248 Annexure 254 3 List of Figures Figure 1 Year-wise investment trend in infrastructure (Rs lakh crore, FY13-17, FY 18E and FY 19E) 21 Figure 2 Share of infrastructure investment by the Centre, states and private sector 21 Figure 3 Power sector investment (Rs lakh crore) and share in total infrastructure investment (%) 24 Figure 4 Trends in power generation capacity (GW) and per capita electricity consumption in India (kWh) 25 Figure 5 Trend in power transmission lines in India (ckm) 25 Figure 6 Length of natural gas pipeline in India (in km) 27 Figure 7 CGD bidding rounds snapshot 27 Figure 8 Per capita consumption (kWh/ person) 29 Figure 9 Share of fossil fuel in electricity generation (%) 29 Figure 10 Electricity distribution losses (%) 29 Figure 11 Gas consumption by different sectors (in MMSCMD) 30 Figure 12 Roads sector infrastructure investment (Rs lakh crore) and share in total infrastructure investment (%) 46 Figure 13 Trend in road network in India (lakh km) 46 Figure 14 Achievement targets set by MoRTH 47 Figure 15 Road connectivity (Score: 1 - 100) 49 Figure 16 Quality of road infrastructure (Score: 1 – 7) 49 Figure 17 Railways infrastructure investment (Rs
    [Show full text]
  • Infrastructure
    Page 1 of 89 INFRASTRUCTURE Page 2 of 89 ● INTRODUCTION ● TYPES OF TRANSPORTATION ● IMPORTANCE OF TRANSPORTATION IN ECONOMY ● PROBLEMS OF TRANSPORTATION CHAPTER 1: ROADWAYS ● GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF ROAD TRANSPORT ○ NATIONAL HIGHWAYS ○ STATE HIGHWAYS ○ DISTRICT ROADS ○ RURAL ROADS ○ OTHER ROADS ● PROBLEMS IN ROAD TRANSPORT ● RECENT INITIATIVES ● FUNDING MECHANISM IN ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE ○ NATIONAL HIGHWAYS INVESTMENT PROMOTION CELL (NHIPC) ○ MEASURES TO REVIVE LANGUISHING STALLED PROJECTS ○ TOLL OPERATE TRANSFER MODEL ○ CENTRAL ROAD FUND ● PLANNING FOR MULTI MODAL TRANSPORT SYSTEMS ● Urban Mobility in India ● GREEN INITIATIVE ● E-INITIATIVES ● ROAD SAFETY: A TOUGH TASK ● MOTOR VEHICLE (AMENDMENT) BILL, 2017 ● COMMITTEE ON TRANSPORT DEVELOPMENT CHAPTER 2: RAILWAYS ● INTRODUCTION, ● SIGNIFICANCE OF RAILWAY ● INSTITUTIONS GOVERNING RAILWAYS(RDB) ● MERGER OF RAIL BUDGET WITH UNION BUDGET ● RAILWAY ZONES ● RAILWAYS FOR URBAN MOBILITY ● NEED OF RAILWAYS IN URBAN TRANSPORT ● TRANSIT ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT ● PROBLEMS IN INDIAN RAILWAYS ○ POOR PERFORMANCE OF FREIGHT SEGMENT: ○ INEFFECTIVE CONNECTIVITY AND PROBLEMS OF DELAY: ○ POOR SERVICE DELIVERY AND EFFICIENCY: ○ PROBLEMS OF RAILWAY SAFETY ● MAJOR-COMMITTEES ● RECENT DEVELOPMENT IN RAILWAYS ForumIAS Offline Guidance Centre 2nd Floor, IAPL House, 19, Pusa Road, Karol Bagh, New Delhi – 110005 | [email protected]|9821711605 Page 3 of 89 ○ DEDICATED FREIGHT CORRIDORS ○ BULLET TRAIN ○ TRAIN 18 ○ RASHTRIYA RAIL SANRAKSHA KOSH (RRSK) ○ AVATARAN ○ ALTERNATE TRAIN ACCOMMODATION SCHEME – VIKALP
    [Show full text]