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Grand Circuit En Turquie Orientale TR 32 - 15 Jours

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Grand Circuit En Turquie Orientale TR 32 - 15 Jours Grand circuit en Turquie orientale TR 32 - 15 jours Les points forts • Le monastère de Sumela • Ani, la capitale arménienne du Xe siècle • Les églises géorgiennes d'Ösk Vank et d'Ishan • L'église Sainte-Croix sur l'île d'Akthamar • Le Nemrud Dag • Les mosaïques de Zeugma • Le musée Hatay à Antioche • Ce voyage extraordinaire permet de découvrir des sites peu connus qui constituent des éléments essentiels de l’histoire et du patrimoine de l'Humanité. La Turquie orientale offre l'occasion d'un très beau voyage archéologique à la découverte de Trébizonde, d'Ani, du Nemrud Dag, des mosaïques de Zeugma ou de la légendaire Antioche. J 1 : Paris - Trébizonde Vol pour Trébizonde. Nuit à Trébizonde. J 2 : Trébizonde - Sumela Nous visiterons Trébizonde, l’ancienne Trapézos fondée par des colons grecs. La prise de Constantinople en 1204 par les Latins en fit l’un des derniers refuges politiques des Byzantins qui y tinrent une cour fastueuse. Nous visiterons Sainte-Sophie où l’on voit de splendides fresques du XIIIe siècle, Sainte-Anne et la cathédrale Chrysoképhalos. L’après-midi, après une marche d’approche d’environ une heure, nous découvrirons, niché dans une falaise, le monastère de Sumela (1 500 m), fondé, selon la tradition, au IVe siècle, impressionnant ensemble monumental décoré de fresques médiévales. Nuit à Erzurum. J 3 : Ishan - Ösk Vank (220 km) Nous partirons pour une excursion vers deux beaux monuments d’architecture géorgienne datant de cette époque : l’église d’Ishan et l’église d’Ösk Vank. Puis nous visiterons Erzurum. Bien que la ville ait joué un rôle important comme citadelle frontalière de l’Empire byzantin, c’est avec son intégration dans le monde turc qu’elle eut son heure de gloire. Occupée définitivement par les Turcs après la bataille de Mantzikert en 1071, la ville fut baptisée alors Arzan ar-Roum, « la terre des Romains », d’où son nom moderne d’Erzurum. Les Seldjoukides la dotèrent d’importants monuments tels que la Yakutiye Medresesi avec son minaret tronqué et l’Ulu Camii, la plus ancienne mosquée d’Erzurum. Nuit à Erzurum (1 900 m d’altitude). J 4 : Erzurum - Ani (310 km) Nous gagnerons les confins orientaux de l’Anatolie et la région de Kars. L’après-midi sera consacré à la visite d’Ani. Là, dans les steppes désolées des confins du Caucase, nous découvrirons les extraordinaires vestiges d’une ancienne capitale arménienne qui atteignit son apogée du Xe au début du XIIIe siècle. Nous visiterons notamment la cathédrale, l’église Saint-Sauveur, l’église Saint-Grégoire-de-Honentz, ornée de magnifiques fresques, les fortifications et de nombreux autres édifices. Nuit à Kars. J 5 : Kars - Agri (230 km) Siège d’un royaume arménien au Xe siècle, Kars ne conserve de sa grandeur passée que la magnifique cathédrale des Saints-Apôtres. La ville n’en reste pas moins impressionnante par son site au flanc d’un piton volcanique. Au XIXe siècle, elle fut l’objet de luttes entre les Turcs et les Russes. Nous partirons pour la région d’Agri aux confins du territoire turc. Là, nous bénéficierons d’une vue superbe sur les imposantes silhouettes du Grand et du Petit Ararat et visiterons un palais construit vers la fin du XVIIe siècle par Ishak Pasha, prince d’origine turque, et où se mêlent les styles seldjoukide, arménien et géorgien. Nuit à Dogubayazit. J 6 : Van (330 km) Une longue route à travers des hauts plateaux aux paysages sauvages nous conduira au cœur de l’Anatolie. En bordure d’un vaste lac, Van est l’antique Toushpa, capitale de l’Ourartou, cet État qui fut suffisamment puissant pour tenir tête à l’Empire assyrien. Nous en retrouverons les témoignages lors de la visite du Musée archéologique et achèverons la journée par la visite de la citadelle où subsistent des tombeaux rupestres dont les inscriptions cunéiformes permettent de retracer l’histoire de la région au cours du Ier millénaire avant notre ère. Nuit à Van. J 7 : lac de Van - île d’Akthamar (400 km) Tôt le matin, nous partirons pour Gevas, au bord du lac de Van, où nous prendrons un petit bateau pour gagner l’île d’Akthamar. L’église Sainte-Croix, précieux joyau de l’architecture arménienne, offre de remarquables sculptures. Nous prendrons ensuite la longue route qui nous conduira, à travers les impressionnants paysages des plateaux d’Anatolie, vers Diyarbakir où nous passerons la nuit. J 8 : Dyarbakir - Mardin - Dara (210 km) Après un tour de ville de Diyarbakir, route pour Mardin où nous visiterons le monastère syriaque de Deir ul-Safran. Une promenade à travers la ville nous permettra d’admirer l’architecture de pierre vieille de plusieurs siècles. Après le déjeuner, nous visiterons le Musée archéologique avant de prendre la route pour Dara, cité qui fut l’enjeu de nombreux combats entre les Byzantins et les Arabes. Nous y admirerons la nécropole creusée dans la falaise. Continuation vers Nusaybin en longeant la frontière syrienne. Nuit à Nusaybin. J 9 : Nusaybin - Midyat - Anitli - Mardin Les missionnaires nestoriens partirent de Nusaybin pour propager leur foi jusqu’en Chine. On y vénère la tombe de saint Jacques le Grand, docteur de l’église syriaque surnommé le “Moïse de Mésopotamie”. Départ pour Midyat, le centre du “Tur Abdin”, cœur du monachisme araméen. Dans le village d’Anitli, nous admirerons l’église de la Vierge et celle de Mar Sobo, construite sous Justinien, avant de rejoindre Mardin. Nuit à Mardin. J 10 : Urfa - Harran (320 km) Départ matinal pour Urfa, l’ancienne Édesse. En 1098, le croisé Baudouin de Boulogne s’y installa et établit, pour près de cinquante ans, le comté d’Édesse. Nous visiterons les vestiges de la citadelle des croisés, séparée du plateau par un gigantesque fossé artificiel creusé dans le rocher. Puis nous nous rendrons à Harran, l’un des plus pittoresques villages de la région, cité dans le récit de la migration d’Abraham vers le pays de Canaan. Nuit à Urfa. J 11 : Kâhta - Nemrud Dag (155 km) Départ vers Kâhta : entre Cilicie et Euphrate, au pied du Taurus, la Commagène était une province séleucide jusqu’à ce que le gouverneur Ptolémée y constituât un royaume indépendant. La dynastie locale, fondée au début du Ier siècle av. J.-C. par Mithridate Ier de Commagène, dura jusqu’en 72 de notre ère. Nous découvrirons le tumulus de Karakus, sépulture sans doute dédiée au roi Mithridate II de Commagène, puis le pont de Septime Sévère et le site d’Arsameia du Nymphaios où fut édifié le sanctuaire funéraire de Mithridate Ier. Au sommet du Nemrud Dag (2 150 m), nous atteindrons le sanctuaire funéraire d’Antiochos Ier de Commagène qui régna de 62 à 34 av. J.-C. Nous y admirerons un extraordinaire ensemble funéraire, un temple en plein air consacré au culte du souverain, aux divinités gréco-perses et à ses ancêtres iraniens. Nuit à Kâhta. J 12 : Yesemek (430 km) En partant vers Antioche, nous passerons par Gaziantep où se trouve le musée qui présente les célèbres mosaïques de Zeugma, sauvées de la submersion lors de la mise en eau du barrage de Birecik. Au cœur d’une région qui vit s’épanouir, au IXe siècle, les royaumes néo-hittites, à Yesemek, découverte d’une carrière d’où furent extraites plus de cent statues. Nuit à Antioche. J 13 : Antioche - Séleucie Fondée en 300 avant notre ère par Séleucos, Antioche-sur-l’Oronte fut l’une des plus grandes villes du Bassin méditerranéen à l’époque hellénistico-romaine. Au début du christianisme, de nombreux juifs expulsés de Palestine s’y installèrent et c’est là que, pour la première fois, leur fut donné le nom de chrétiens. En 1097, elle fut conquise par les croisés et devint, durant soixante-dix ans, le siège d’une principauté latine. Nous visiterons le musée Hatay, où sont conservées d’admirables mosaïques romaines, et l’église Saint-Pierre, l’un des premiers sanctuaires chrétiens de la ville. Puis nous nous rendrons à Séleucie de Piérie, ancien port d’Antioche, où se trouve un extraordinaire canal creusé par les soldats romains. Nous accéderons ensuite au monastère de Saint-Siméon-le-Jeune et évoquerons, dans un cadre remarquable, le développement du courant érémitique au Proche-Orient aux VIe et VIIe siècles. Nuit à Antioche. J 14 : Toprakkale - Hiéropolis Castabala - Karatepe (230 km) Au début de la journée, nous apercevrons la forteresse de Toprakkale, dominant la plaine d’Issos, où Alexandre remporta une bataille qui lui assura la victoire sur les Perses. Nous découvrirons ensuite la ville. Le château d’Hiéropolis Castabala fut la résidence du roi Tarcondimotus qui fit construire en ce lieu, pour imiter les Romains, une ville dont subsistent le théâtre et les thermes. Nous partirons ensuite pour Karatepe où nous découvrirons les vestiges du palais fortifié d’un souverain néo-hittite du Ier millénaire avant notre ère. Nuit à Adana. J 15 : Adana - Paris Transfert à l’aéroport et vol pour Paris. Bon à savoir Certains déjeuners peuvent être pris sous forme de pique-nique. Formalités Passeport ou carte d’identité valide. Selon les dates des voyages, le programme ci-dessus peut se dérouler de façon légèrement différente en fonction des contraintes techniques ou des ouvertures de sites. Les informations prévisionnelles concernant le programme, les hôtels ou bateau, les horaires de transport et le nom de votre conférencier vous sont données ici à titre indicatif et sont valables au 20/08/2009. Les précisions définitives vous seront communiquées au moment de la confirmation du rendez-vous de départ. Dates, prix, conférenciers - 4 départs Les prix de ce voyage sont calculés pour un minimum de 15 participants payants.
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