236 INSCRIPTIONS FROM EASTERN CILICIA.

INSCRIPTIONS FROM EASTERN CILICIA.

INSCRIPTIONS FROM KAES-BAZAAR.

KARS-BAZAAR is about four hours from Boudrourn; in its situation it agrees with Flaviopolis, standing on a branch of the river Pyramus, at the foot of the mountains. Unfortunately none of the inscriptions reveal the name of the site. 1. ' A very handsome tessellated pavement in a cottage, with an elaborate pattern, in the centre of which is the following legend.' Copied by Mr. Bent. Yn€PC0JTHPlACTOY€Y T€AOYCCYN€PriOYTU)N rNA*€Cx)NTHNM€TPIAN HM(ONTAYTHNKAPTTO0 5 PiANAexoYAecno TATTAPATO)NAXPIU)NC OYAOYAU)NTTAP€XU) NA€CINAMAPTICON TAlCHM€TePAIC + YXAlC 10 A 'Tirep )Tr)pla<; TOV ev- rekovs avvepyiov Tmv yvaecov rrjv fierpiav r/fiMV ravrrjv Kapiroi^o- 5 plav $e%ov Ae<77ro- Ta irapa TWV a^piav eAsia Minor, passing unchanged into the Christian Church. For avvepyiov = o-vvepyacria, see C.I.G. 4346 and Addenda, p. 1163 (from Side). The phrase a^peloi SovXoi is from St. Luke xvii. 10 (cp. St. Matt. xxv. 30), INSCRIPTIONS FROM EASTERN CILICIA. 237 and frequently occurs in the old Greek liturgies. For KOXTJV diroXoylav compare Liturgy of Constantinople (Hammond's Liturgies, p. 105): KOXTJV diro\oylav rrjv eVi TOV cf>o/3epov ftrffiaros TOV XpicrTov. Our inscription does not look later than the third century. 2. ' Small round stele at Kars-Bazaar.' Copy by Mr. Bent.

ATA0HTYXH 'AyaOt) rvXV- €ni0YMHTOC nePqTOUTTATPI Uepai rw irarpl MNHMHCXAPIN fivVMf X"Plv- Ilepcrl is the dative of Uepaev'i. 3. 'Three round stelae have been placed to support the columns of the present school at Kars-Bazaar. Two of these were copied by Mr. Davis, and published in his Asiatic Turkey (1879), p. 125. The third, which is somewhat obliterated, is as follows.' Copy by Mr. Bent. PHTUNOI PHrEINATHGYr KAIASKAHTTIAAHZ THTYNAlKl MNHMHZ XAPIN

'Prjyelva rtj 0vy[arpl Kal 'Acnc\.r]TridSr)<; Trj yvvaiKt 5

The two inscriptions copied by Mr. Davis may be restored as follows; he notes that in (a) ' the name Commodus has been carved in place of another name erased.' («) (») 'AyaOfj TV^y [T]t. K\. 'A8aio<; Avrotcpdropi YLaiaapi 'I\<\>apeiw>} K.o/u,fi68(i) 6ea> Ty yvvahici, Kal

'Iov\iavb<{ 'Aia f) fi(ri)rr]p TOV AvTOKpaTopo

INSCRIPTIONS FHOM ANAZARBA.

4.

' High up in an almost inaccessible cave in a mountain behind Anazarba, with the aid of field-glasses I read the following inscription.' Copy by Mr. Bent.

AllKAIHPAirAMHAIAlKAl \ APElGCOICnOAIOYXOIC PHrEINAACKAHTTIAAOY CKHnTPO*OPOYSAlCPAYneP THCTTOAeOJC . . KAITHC BOYAHC em I€P€GK 06CON ATPeCON CCITOYTAYPICKOY \ CTOYCBOP (?)

Ad' KCL\ 'Hpa yafirjXia KCU "Apei 6eolopovcra lepa inrep TT)<; iroXeto'; [re] ical TJJ? ftovXfjs, iiri, lepews ©e«i> 'Aypecov 'ZeiTOV Tavpiaicov

Dedication by Regina, a priestess, on behalf of the city and boule of Anazarba, to the gods of the city. We may infer that Regina belonged to the same family which is referred to in No. 3. Mr. Bent is not sure of the numeral letters BOP, but they appear correct. The coins of Anazarba (Head, Hist. Num. p. 598) show that two eras were employed, one commencing B.C. 19, the second A.D. 20. Our inscription accordingly dates either from A.D. 153 or A.D. 192. I prefer the earlier date both because of the iota adscriptum (line 1) and the inconsistent use of E€, SO Hardly any inscriptions from Anazarba are known: a few fragments are published by Le Bas-Waddington (Nos. 1513—1518). This document informs us of the ftovXy, names the chief deities of the city, and speaks of the worship of the 6eol J Ay pets (on whom see Hellenic Journal, x. 1889, pp. 55—57). Whether their priest was the usual eponymus of the city, or is only named here because the document is a dedication, we do not know. I doubt the name INSCRIPTIONS FEOM EASTERN CILICIA. 239-

o. ' Inscription and bas-relief over a rock-cut tomb in the same mountain : copied, with sundry mistakes, by Davis in his Asiatic Turkey, p. 150.' Copy by Mr. Bent. Imperfectly given, from a copy by Langlois, by Le Bas- Waddington, Voyage ArcMol. No. 1513. Mr. Davis gives an indifferent woodcut of the whole relief.

EPINYE2 KPOKOC nATTHC . . . . TEIZKDONH AAAHKTO METAIPA

Man Man Woman seated stand- stand- on ing. ing. Bas-relief of Furies. chair.

ArONnNZYNOYXONYAA£ZOMEN ...HANOirEOYnAPG

Followed below by a long, presumably poetical inscription, purposely obliterated by the knife.

The headings are easily read:

# K/30AW IIa7n7? \f) Beiva]. Tei(ri(f)6vrj' 'AXXTJ«T(O))- M.eyat,pa.

The inscription below is apparently much injured, and the copies fail us. LE BAS. DAVIS.

TONCJJNIYNOYXON^YAAZZON ATONfUNZYNOYXONC^YAAZZOME CHANOITEOYNAP(J>SIIITTII3I IHANOITEOYTTAPe

Following the guidance of our three copies, we may perhaps try and restore the text somewhat as follows: "Ayov(p)v evvov-^ov v\dcrcro/jt,ev ] dv(

6. ' Anazarba: stone built into later wall of city (probably Saracenic).' Copy by Mr. Bent. 240 INSCRIPTIONS FROM EASTERN CILICIA.

IOYAIAA0HNAIZ riOYAIOYOYAAENTITnANAPI KAIEAYTHTHNETTANnGHKHN KAITAIOZIOYAIOZZEKOYNAOZ 5 EAYTHTHNAPKTIfcHN

'lovXia ' F. 'loi'Xt(o)) OvaXevTi TW avbpl Kal eavTJ) Tt)v iirdva) 6r\K7)v, Kal rd'io<; 'IouXto? SeKOvvBoKTlKr\v. J/V apKTiKijv, the recess to the north.

7. ' Curious narrow gorge or cave to the S. of town (Anazarba): it contains several obliterated inscriptions, but only one, late Byzantine, is readable.' Copy by Mr. Bent. oeeocHMn NKATA(j)YrH KAIAYNAMIC

'O @€O? rjfiwp KaTavyrj Kal &vva/M<;. Psalm xlv. 1 (LXX.).

' Stone built into city wall, Anazarba: the ends of the lines are all obliterated.' Copy by Mr. Bent.

AYTOKPATOPAKAIZAPA0 TPATANOYFIAPGIKOYYI 0€OYN€POYAYinNON TPIANONAAPIANON 5 BAZTONAPXIEPEAMEHS AHMAPXIKHZE20YZIA TIKOZTONAYTOKPAT TOAEYTEPONYTTAT TOTPITONnnTON 10 TETHNTHZOIKOYMI ZYNTEXNIAAINOYPTf INSCRIPTIONS FROM EASTERN CILICIA. 241

AvTOKpdropa K.ai[v.

Dedication to Hadrian in the year A.D. 136. Hadrian's third consulate was in 119; his twentieth tribunitian power in 136.

9.

' Small round stele: Anazarba.' Copy by Mr. Bent.

riHKAl KAAPOS MNHMHZ XAPIN

K(X). (?) KXa/ao? fiprffii}<} yapip

10.

' From stone sarcophagus: Anazarba.' Copy by Mr. Bent.

kAIM€T€M£O CANANOIZH THNCOPONAW CHTCO({)ICKWAHNA 5 PIAAICXeiAIA

KcCi /JLET' ifie b~ ? av dvoi^rj Tr)p aopop Sa>- (rr) (sic) TOS (pic/cm 5 pia U.S.—VOL XI. 242 INSCRIPTIONS FROM EASTERN CILICIA.

11. ' From a stone in wall: Anazarba.' Copied by Mr. Bent. APOY .... KAIIAPA Apov[ [Oeov %efi]acrTov vl- ilNONEAENOZI A 2 ? t\o7raTopo? A(n)EAEY0EPOZ aireXevOepos.

Dedication in honour of Drusus junior, son of the Emperor Tiberius, by Helenus, a freedman of Philopator, King of Cilicia. Drusus died in A.D. 23 (Tac. Ann. iv. 8—11). Philopator died in A.D. 17 (Tac. Ann. ii. 42), having (apparently) succeeded his father Tarcondimotus, who was killed at the battle of Actium, B.C. 31 (Head, Hist. Num. p. 618). The very rare mention of these petty kings of Cilicia invests this inscription with considerable interest. 12. ' Column of temple with dedication.' Copy by Mr. Bent. AYTOKPATOPlKAIIAPI

INSCRIPTIONS FROM POMPEIOPOLIS.

13. ' Found at Pompeiopolis; now in the churchyard of Greek church at Mersina.' Copy by Mr. Bent. It has been printed by M. Kontoleon, Mit- theihingen des d. arch. Inst. xii. p. 258.

AEYKimkAIEAPIZEBAZTOY KAITTATPOITHinATPIAOE YiniGEOYYinNOINEnNHrE MONIEYEPrETHEKTTPOrONnN

OAHMOS

K.aitrapi Kal 7raT/3O? TJ}? via, Oeov vietv\Si\i, vewv rj ftopi, evepyeTj} e* Trpoyovwv, 5 INSCRIPTIONS FEOM EASTERN CILICIA. 243 Dedication by the people of Pompeiopolis to Lucius Caesar, brother of Caius Caesar, son of Julia and Agrippa. Lucius was born B.C. 17, and died August 20, A.D. 2. The title of princeps juventutis was apparently granted him by Augustus when, on January 1, A.D. 2, he assumed the toga virilis at the age of 14: see Mommsen, Res gestae Bivi Aug. ch. xiv. pp. 52 foil. Our inscription therefore belongs to the first eight months of A.D. 2. Another dedication from Pompeiopolis. in honour of Pompey, is pub- lished by M. Doublet, Bull, de Corr. Hell. xii. p. 427, following the text of M. Kontoleon, Mittheilungen, xii. p. 258. Mr. Bent's MSS. certify that the copy is accurate with the exception of KAIEAEY0EPAS omitted before KAIAYTONOMOY.

INSCRIPTIONS FROM BOUDROUM (HIEEOPOLIS-CASTABALA).

14.

' Stone built into Yourouk's threshing-floor.' Copy and squeeze by Mr. Bent.

OAHMOZOIEPOnOAITHN 'O Srjfios 6 'lepoiroXircov AEINHNAAPISTAPXOY Aelvmva 'Apurrdpxov ANAPAATAOON av&pa ayaObv TETENHMENON yeyevtjfievov.

Letters of good time, perhaps first century B.C. This document and those which follow abundantly prove the site to be that of a city called Hieropolis. The further mention of #eo? Jlepaala in Nos. 16 and 17 may justify us in identifying this Hieropolis with the Hieropolis-Castabala spoken of by Strabo (xii. 537): ev Tot? K.acrTafiakoi<; ia-rl TO T?7? Ile/sacrta? lepov, OTTOV (f)ad(ricoPTe<; Bia TO TrepaOev /cofiicrdrji/ai. That Castabala and Hieropolis were names of the same Cilician town is well known to numismatists (Head, Hist. Num. p. 603). All therefore might seem to be clear, and yet the site and identification of this town present difficulties which cannot even now be fully removed. The fullest discussion of the question, up to the time of Mr. Bent's discoveries, is that by Imhoof-Blumer, Die Milnzen von Hiercpolis-Kastabala und uber die geographische Lage der verschiedenen Kastabala (in the Zeitschri/t fur Numismatik, x. 1883, p. 267). His article has the merit of placing before the reader a complete digest of all the evidence available, whether ancient or modern. He begins by describing all the known coins of the city, which form a fairly continuous series from the reign of Antiochus Epiphanes (B.C. 175—164) to the Emperor Valerian (A.D. 253—260). He observes truly E 2 244 INSCRIPTIONS FROM EASTERN CILICIA.. that on the coins the town is commonly called Hieropolis-Castabala (l€POTTOAITCONKACTABAAeCON) or Hieropolis Trpb*; rm Uvpa/im, whereas in ancient writers the local name Castabala is universal. The evidence of inscriptions was not of course forthcoming when he wrote his paper. He next cites all the passages in ancient literature which mention the town. They are neither numerous nor very clear. The only passages which really concern us are from Strabo, Ptolemy, and Curtius. They are so important that I will repeat them here. (a) Strabo, xii. 534—5 (after speaking of the ten o-rparriyiai or districts of Cappadocia): irpoo-eyivero 8' vo-repov irapa 'Pa>fiaia>v eic rf)<; KiXiictas TOIS irpb 'Ap%eXdov ical evBeicdrt] o-rparrjyia, rj irepl Kao-rdfiaXd re ical Kv/3oo-rpa f^i^pi TV? ' Avrnrdrpov rod Xyarov Aepftr)<;, TO3 Be 'Ap^eXaqj ical rj rpa^ela irepl 'EXaiovo~o~av K.t,Xt,/cla ical iraaa r) TO TreipaTijpia crvarrjcrafievrj. (6) Strabo, xii. 537 : ra, Be Tvava iiriiceLraL •^fiart %efjiipdfuho^ rerei- %io-fiev

dev Tavrr)<; (i.e. Tyana) e'crTt rd re Kaa-rd- fia\a KOI ra K.v/3iv iv rot? K.aTarsus, Adana, Anazarba, and Mopsuestia, and before Nicopolis, Epiphaneia, and the Amanian gates. (d) Curtius, iii. 17 (of the march of Alexander through Cilicia) : igitur edito spectaculo ludicro castrisque motis et Pyramo amne ponte juncto, ad urbem Mallon pervenit: inde alteris castris ad oppidum Castabulum. Ibi Parmenio regi occurrit, quem praemiserat ad explorandum iter saltus, per quern ad urbem Isson nomine penetrandum erat . . . Isson deinde rex copias admovit. Lastly, after reciting the confused and confusing statements of modem geographers on the subject, Imhoof-Blumer proceeds to sum up. He finds no less than four different cities presented to us as bearing the name of Hieropolis-Castabala: and he very reasonably asks whether it is not possible to simplify the matter and to recognize two or more of these cities as the same. In the first place he dismisses the Castabala or Castabolum of Curtius (d) from consideration, as being quite a different city and too far to the S.E. to be near the site we are seeking. This opinion is very questionable. The city discovered by Mr. Bent (Hieropolis) may possibly be the city which Alexander reached in a day's march from Mallus, having sent Parmenio thither beforehand to explore the passes which led over the Amanus down to Issus. He himself marched up the valley of the Pyramus to Castabala, ready to cross the mountain from thence and descend upon the plain. Next, the way in which Ptolemy (c) speaks of Castabala entirely agrees with the site of Mr. Bent's Hieropolis. The difficulty comes in with Strabo, who in both the passages cited (a, I) INSCRIPTIONS FROM EASTERN CILICIA. 245 speaks of Cybistra and Hieropolis as being neighbour towns, and says of both in (b) that they are near Tyana (ov TTOXV airwOev). Now Tyana has been generally identified with Hissar, and Cybistra with Eregli, which lies a little to the S.W. of Hissar, and slightly to the E. of the lake Ak G61. In other words, unless we entirely upset the established geography of these regions, we must understand Strabo to place Hieropolis-Castabala west of the Taurus. As however the coins compel us to seek the site of Hieropolis-Castabala 7rpo? ra Hvpafiai, we may incline to the opinion that there were two cities of the same name, and that Strabo's account refers to the one on the W. of the Taurus, and that the coins belong to the one to the E. There were two cities of Comana, alike in name and in their peculiar worship, reputed to have been introduced by Orestes; one of these was in Pontus and the other in Cappadocia, and to Strabo we owe our information respecting both of them. There may equally well have been two cities of Castabala. Here however another difficulty arises. Strabo specially says (in b) that the Castabala near Tyana and Cybistra contained a peculiar worship of Ar4emis Perasia. It is a singular fact that two of Mr. Bent's inscriptions (Nos. 16 and 17) refer to #eos Hepaaoa. It seems impossible to avoid the inference that the city of Hieropolis discovered by Mr. Bent is not only the Hieropolis-Castabala irpb<; TW Hvpafim which issued the coins, but also the Castabala referred to by Strabo. That is to say, Strabo appears in the same breath to place Castabala, with Tyana and Cybistra, west of the Taurus, and also to describe it in terms which identify it with the newly-discovered city east of the mountain. I see no means at present of explaining this difficulty. One resource would be to accuse Strabo of some confusion. This is a violent hypothesis, and I entertain so profound a respect for Strabo's judgment and for his mastery of the geography of Asia Minor, that I am unwilling to adopt this explanation. In default of any fresh discoveries which may relieve us of the difficulty and clear the reputation of Strabo, I prefer to suppose either that his ex- pression ov 7roXv airwOev is capable of a wider interpretation, or that there were two cities of the name, and with the same characteristic worship, as in the case of Comana. 15. ' Stone from Yourouk's burial-ground.' Copy and squeeze by Mr. Bent, who notes that the stone probably came from the theatre.

OAHMOZOIEPOnOAITHN NOYMEPIONAOYZIONNOYME PIOYYIONKOPNHAIANX1MENT/ NONETTAPXONTEXNEITnNEYSE 5 BHKAIIAOTEIMONTTPOITHNA0h KAITAANA0HI IATA [OYAnOTO . HMO . . . OJ 246 INSCRIPTIONS FROM EASTERN C1LICIA. Letters rather larger than in No. 14, and of somewhat similar type. The letters bracketed in line 7 are from Mr. Bent's copy: I cannot read them on the squeeze, which has failed in this part. 'O Sfjfio1; 6 'lepoiroXiTcov Novfiipiov Aovcriop piov vlbv K.opvr)\i vbv, eirap^ov rey^veiTCov, evcre- 5 /3»7 Kal iXoTeifj,ov 77790s TTJP 'Adij- vap ?] Kal ra avaOr^iaTa ...... ov airb ro\y K\rjfio\y .... "Ei7rap%o<; Te^vetr&v = praefectus fabrum, concerning whose office and status see Marquardt, Rom. Alt. v. p. 516.

16. Statue-base 'dug up near the long colonnade.' Copy and squeeze by Mr. Bent. M- AOMITIONOYAA6PIAN TTPeCB-CeB-ANTICTPATOl KTiCTHNKAievepreTi-i TI-ICnOAeOJCHBOYAI-l 5 KAIOAHMOCATTOTCON

nPOCOAOJN AIAnPYTAN€WNTU)N nePiK-i-cj)OYAOYioNon 10 niANONIOYAIANON MAYPACKAHniAAOY \CKAI-iniAAOYKPICnC TOY!£POMNHMONOC M. Ao/AiTiov Ovakepiav\ov, TrpeV irepl K. I. <&ov\oviop 'OTT- 10 iriavop 'lovXiavbp M. Avp. 'A(TK\r)7rid8ov [TOW

TOV lepofiptjfiopo1;. INSCRIPTIONS FROM EASTERN CILICIA. 247 Lines 10 foil.: Julianus is the son of M. Aur. Asclepiades, son of Ascle- piades Crispus the hieromnemon. The document is important for two reasons. First it gives the name of a new legate of Cilicia, M. Doinitius Valerianus. A Valerianus is named by Liebenam (Forschungen, p. 180) as legate of Galatia 'about A.D. 197.' He may perhaps be the man. Secondly, line 6 illustrates the statement of Strabo that at Hieropolis Castabala there was a worship of Artemis Perasia (xii. 537): iv rot? Kaao-l -ra? iepelas rot? irocrl Si dv6paicia<; /3aBl£et,v diraOel^' tcdvravOa Be rt,ve

18. ' Broken stone in threshing - floor: presumably from neighbouring theatre.' Copy and squeeze by Mr. Bent. Incomplete at left edge only. AIOTENOYITON IAIKOZTOYKTIZTOY JYKAIIAPOIYIOYKAI IONAYTOYTEIMHEXAPIN 5 SKATAnAIAOTTONANAE ANAPIANTAZSYNTHBASI YTTOTO AIOTENOYSAIAOHKHN rO $7)fio<; 6 'lepoTroXiT&v TOV Beiva] Aioyevovs TOV Si/cos TOV KTICTTOV TTJ<; 7roXe<»9 ]oi» K.aio~apov

N6flNAKlN€TAYPoY N«W KcveTavpov

TONr€NOM€NONAP rhv yev6fievov dp. XI€P€AT«NCeBACT

KAIAHMIOYPTON 5 Kal SvfJU0Vpy0l> €Yr€N€lAAHMHTPIOY

TONrCNOM€NONAY rhv ^ev6^evov av- THCANAPA-MNHNHC XAPIN Line 2 : the name Ktveravpo?, which is all but certain, is new. Line 5 : we are informed of the title of one of the magistrates, Bt]fiiovp- 70?. The title occurs in an unpublished inscription copied by Professor Ramsay recently in Western Cilicia. Also at Perga (C.I.G. 4342, 43425^), Side {ib. 4347), near Termessus (ib. 4367#), and at Iotape (ib. 4411, 4413, 4415). It was therefore common in these regions.

20. ' Circular piece of stone, apparently from theatre.' Mr. Bent's copy only : no squeeze taken.

. . . PIOYKAINenNOZYinN AIOAHP ...... plov Kal Neoivo? vl&v . . . AioBwp ....

21. ' Circular stone; probably from theatre.' Copy and squeeze by Mr. Bent. OAHMOS TYNAlhAAE HPONI AHNMHNOcf)IAOr 0i\ov (7(0- avBpa a/ya8bv p6va><; KUX Koo~[i!,(o

22. ' Small column or statue-base in Yourouk's burial-ground.' Copy and squeeze by Mr. Bent. oAl-IMOC 'O %«>? NEIKOA AON • A • NeucoXaop (NeiKoXdov) TONKAlAOYKl TOP KOI AOVKI- •A-NON avov. Line 2: for A in this sense see MM. Cousin and Diehl in Bulletin cle Corr. Hell. xiv. (1890), p. 105. Line 4 : the superfluous dots are a blunder of the engraver. 23. : Stone dug up in one of the Christian Churches.' Copy and squeeze by Mr. Bent. OlsHIlKAEAAIOAnPOY EnnNKAlKnMriAIAETHZNEA*. lAMBnNnOIHTHNKAIAOmN

5 NOMlKONENTOIZAPIETOIZ

OKJJIAOITONTTPOZTATHN TEIMHS ENEKA

'OvrjcriKXia AioBdpov eirwv teal K(Ofio)Bia<; T^S via? lajj./3ea, 5 vofiiKW iv rots apl<7T0i<;'

ol i\oi TOP j eveica.

Onesicles was a composer of epic verse, and of iambics in the manner of the New Comedy; he was also a writer of panegyrics, and an eminent lawyer (VO/XIKOS = juris consultus). 24.

' Stone from the other Christian Church: in large letters.' Mr. Bent's copy only. noMnHiAN noc . . . I-IPOOONTEKNO . . .

... TO •fjpwov Teicvo[i,s .... 25. to o ' On a stone from a site presumably the agora or stadium of the ancient town of Hieropolis: see plan of town.' Copy and squeeze by Mr. Bent. (a) (b) (P) OAHMOZ OAI-IMC OAI-IMOZ APZYBIONAOYKIOY HPS2A0l-INAIOYrYNAI APZYBIONAPZYBIOY E TONTENOMENONrPAMMATEA KAAETENOMEN • NAPZYBIOY NEANIANKOZMI^Z BOYAHZKAIEKAHZIAZKAI TOYAOYKlOYKOZMnZKA! o rYMNAZIAPXONTHZrEPOYZIAZ ZANTATEIMHZENEKA ANAPAATAGONrENOYZIEPAT KOY APONKAI(J)IAOTEKNON so TEIMHZENEK* TEIMHSENI KA

(a) O Brjfio? O BijflOS '0 Brjfio<; 'Ap£v/3iov AOVKIOV, "Hpa) 'Adrjvaiov yvval- 'Aptffiiov 'Ap&piov SI rbv yevofievov ypa}i\xarea Ka Be yevofJbiv\rf\v 'Apfyj/Slov veavlav Koa/Jbtay; $ov\r)(f>p6va)$ %&aav, i\av- cravra, reififj<; eveKa. CIA avSpa ayadbv yevov? lepaT^tJKOv, Bpov Kal (piXoreKvov,

Tetwr?? eveKa. . From the base of statues in honour of Arzybius and his wife Hero, and their son Arzybius. The son was dead, and perhaps the father also: the mother still lived (£S)o-av, b). The form eK\r)aia is not uncommon in late documents of Asia Minor (see C.I.G. 4028). Family pride, and not sacerdotal, is involved in the phrase yevovs lepariKov (in a); Arzybius came of a family which had frequently held priesthoods, and this was (under the Empire) a sign of hereditary wealth and dignity. INSCRIPTIONS FROM EASTERN CTLICIA. 251

26.

Small round stele.' Mr. Bent's copy only.

AOYKIOCM£INIOC

KAAYAIANOC YKIOYMCINI© nPOKAOY 5 -AnCONTONe MNMCXAPIN

[TOP Selva] A.6vKio

27.

' Stele dug up near Yourouk's burial-ground.' Impression only made by Mr. Bent, which I have deciphered with much labour.

. . . CIVS •T•F•CL•DEXTER•AVGVS VS • BELLICIVS • SOLLEKS • METILI\ 9 • VS • RVTILIANVS • XVIR • STLIT DIS • TRIB • MIL • LEG • III • AVG 5 VP • VII • VIR • EPVLON • SODALIS • . . . 3R • TRIB • PLEBIS • PRAETOR • FIDEI • CO G • IIII • SCYTHICAE • LEG • AVG •PR•PR• PRO CILICIAE

. . . cius T(iti) f(ilius), Cl(audia), Dexter Augus[tanus Alpin]us Bellicius Sollers Metilius us Rutilianus, decemvir stlit[ibus judican]dis, trib(unus) mil(itum) leg(ionis) III Aug[ustae septemvir epulon(um), sodalis . . ., [quaestjor, trib(unus) plebis, praetor fidei co[m]- (missarius), [leg](atus) [le]g(ionis) IIII Scythicae, leg(atus) Aug(usti) pr(o) pr(aetore) pro[vinciae] Ciliciae.

A Rutilianus, legate of Cilicia, is known; see Liebenam, p. 416, who quotes from the Cod. Just. ix. 43, § 1: Rutiliano legato Ciliciae rescripsit Antoninus Pius (i.e. between A.D. 138—161). Among his many names he has some in common with the polyonymous consul of A.D. 169, Q. Pompeius 252 INSCRIPTIONS FROM EASTERN CILICIA. Q. f. Senecio . .. Augustanus Alpinus Bellicius Sollers ... Rutilianus ... Sosius Priscus, from whom I have supplied [Alpinjus in line 2. They are, of course, different men. The first two letters of line 5 are very doubtful, and I therefore abstain from a conjectural restoration. It will be observed that here, and in No. 15 also, the priesthoods occupy their chronological place in the cursus honorum.

Immediately underneath the Latin inscription is the following, in late Greek characters:—

EAHNAIHNEITAPTEMII EAAI/V\ONTTYP4>OPON UNWTI-INCEBOMECQEK nNEITECYnPINEIHBHCAA 5 HYEECCirEPAlPEINAHCOHOY PACMI-ITEPA(()EPCE4>ONI-II:KAY QlHAII-irEMONHATEONCGJONTE CJJYAACIIEKAINAEINHNYnAToN TTEMtONECEITAAII-INAEYMoCEIHTI-l 10 TOAECOIBPETACOYETAPOIOAEE TPOYHAITOYTOYCOKTGJEAGJKE TYTTOYC

Ei-Ve Xjekrjvalrjv elV ''ApTefit[v \ elVe cr]e, Baifiov, irvp(f)6pov [iv T/M] 168

ep6vri<;, _ KKV\6I, Kal rjyefiovrja rebv awov re | (pvXacrae Kal xXeivrjv vivarov \ TrefAiJrov es EiTaXt'^i/. A.evKLO'; elr)TTj[p] \ ToBe aol /3pera9 ov erdpoio Ae$j\Tpov Kal TOVTOVS OKTW eBco/ce | TVTTOV;.

An invocation and dedication to Artemis (Euploia) by Leucius, a physician, who prays the goddess to give the governor a safe passage home to Italy. The governor for whom he prays appears to be the legatus of the foregoing Latin inscription: his name is given as Dexter (lines 10—11). If so, we may not identify Leucius with the famous physician of Tarsus, who lived not later than the first century A.D. See Smith's Diet, of Biog. s.v. Lucius. We may translate as follows: ' Whether we adore thee as Luna, or Diana, or whether, O goddess, as Earth-Hecate bearing thy torch at the cross- ways, O breathe thou, and ere men honour with the bright offerings of youth Deo the mother of young Proserpine, hearken and keep safe thy governor, and waft him home for his consulship to famous Italy. Lucius the physician gave thee this image of his comrade Dexter, and these eight sculptures.' INSCRIPTIONS FROM EASTERN CILICIA. 253

I take fSperas to be a statue of the legate, and the TVTTOI to be masks or medallions sculptured on the base. The note of time in irplv 6' ^/8»??, K.T.X., is so poetically given by the learned composer as to be obscure. I take it to mean ' before the time of the Eleusinian mysteries,' which took place in September, i.e. before the autumnal equinox, when storms were rife. The legate of Cilicia would quit his province on the last day of July (Marquardt, Bom. All. iv. p. 395).

2

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AYAOCAABEPIOCKAMEPINOCHAI • AABEPIOC • kAMEPINOC • YIOC • AYTOY • ENATONTAPXHC • AET • € M AKEAONIkHC • 15 TON-lAlON-CplAONKAieYEPrETHN-ekTOY lAlOY-T€IMHC£NeK€N

Q. Roscio Sex(ti) f(ilio), Qui(rina), Coelio Po[mp]eio Falconi, decemviro stli[tibu]s iudicandis, trib(uno) mil(itum) leg(ionis) X F[ret](ensis), [q]uaestori, trib(uno) pleb(is), pr(aetori) inter civ[eset] peregrinos, leg(ato) Aug(usti) leg(ionis) V Maced(onicae), [le]g(ato) Aug(usti) pr(o) pr(aetore) provin(ciae) Lyciae et Pam[ph]yliae, leg(ato) Aug(usti) leg(ionis) X Fret(ensis), et leg(ato) pr(o) pr(aetore) [prjovinciae Iudaeae consularis, XV viro sacris faciundis, curator[i] viae Traianae, leg(ato) Aug(usti) pr(o) pr(aetore) prov(inciae) Moes(iae) inf(erioris).—Tlofiiretov <£>d\icova Av\o<> Aafiepios Kafiepivos ical . A«/Sepio? K.afjLeplvo$ v/o? avrov eKaTovrdp^rj'; \ey(ea>vo<;) e Ma/ce$oviKr)<;, TOV "Biov l\ov KCU evepyerrjv etc TOV IBiov Tet/x?}? eveicev.

Q. Roscius Sex. f. Pompeius Falco is well known ; see Waddington, Fastes, p. 202; Liebenam, pp. 94, 243, 261, 279 ; Rohden, De Palaestina et Arabia Provinciis Bomanis (Berlin, 1885), p. 39. Falco was legate of Lycia and Pamphylia, A.D. 105, 106; of Judaea, A.D. 107—110; of Maesia Inferior, A.D. 117; of Britain, A.D. 121?—124; and was proconsul of Asia about A.D. 128. His cursus honorum is very fully given in our inscription, and all in chronological order, including his priesthoods. As however the last preferment here recorded is the legation of Moesia Inferior, it follows that 254 INSCRIPTIONS FROM EASTERN CILICIA. the monument is not later than A.D. 120, and not earlier than 117. It is set up by A. Laberius Camerinus, who had served under Falco in the tenth legion when Falco was legate of Judaea. Camerinus had probably settled in Syria or Cilicia. In line 8 the word CONSVLAEIS is quite certain, and is noteworthy. From the destruction of Jerusalem onwards Judaea remained a separate province, distinct from Syria, and in charge of a praetorian or sometimes a consular legate. Our inscription indicates that Falco, although not yet consul, was in charge of what was virtually a consular appointment. Such an arrangement would indeed be exceptional, but yet not without parallel; see Ephemeris Epigr. v. p. 386, No. 696, where Mommsen remarks: ' Priscus cum quaestorius legioni cuidam Syriacae praeesset, deficiente forte provinciae legato consulari pro legato consulari ipsam provinciam administravit.' It has been suggested by Rohden (/. c. p. 31) that the change from praetorian to consular legates for Judaea took place in consequence of the addition of a second legion (Legio VI Ferrata) to the province. Hitherto only the Legio X Fretensis was stationed there, and the legate of the legion was, by a well- known rule the legate of the province (see line 7). Our inscription does not mention Falco's consulate, nor is he called a consular. It is clear that he was a praetorian legate. But, if so, why is his province called ' consularis' ? The question perhaps is connected with the sending of the Legio VI Ferrata to Judaea. The date and occasion of this addition to the forces in the province are alike unknown. Rohden (I. c.) suggests either the Jewish outbreak of A.D. 117, or the war of Hadrian, A.D. 131—133. But is it not conceivable that even earlier than either of these dates, and during the legation of Falco, the additional legion was sent to Judaea to meet some sudden emergency ? If so, the province would become virtually ' consularis,' though in charge of a praetorian legate. I am aware that such a conjecture is highly hazardous. Yet it seems worth while to mention, in this connexion, that possibly Hege- sippus (fl. A.D. 150—190), who (as cited by Eusebius, If. E. iii. 32) terms Atticus, the legate of A.D. 107, inrariKo^, may not after all be guilty of a mere anachronism, as is commonly assumed, but may have had some historical justification for the phrase.

E. L. HICKS.