Map 26 Lusitania-Baetica Compiled by R.C

Home , Bardili (Turduli), Iulia Traducta

Map 26 Lusitania-Baetica Compiled by R.C. Knapp and F.H. Stanley, Jr. (Portugal), 1996

Introduction

Portugal The works of Tovar (1974; 1976; 1989) and, above all, Alarcão (1988) are indispensable for the mapping of ancient Portugal. Alarcão catalogs some 3,000 known sites of all types, including Greek, pre-Roman and Roman remains. Because of the large number, it is of course impossible to mark all of them here, and his study should be consulted for additional information about villas, mines, roads, bridges and settlements. The map does, however, include all the more important settlements, and as many road stations as can be located (Roldán Hervás 1975; Mantas Soares 1990). The physical configuration of Portugal has changed since antiquity, particularly with regard to silting of river mouths and slight changes in river courses. Less certain is the extent of topographical changes along the coasts; probably these are not significant enough to show at the scale adopted here. During the past century several large reservoirs have been built in central and southern Portugal, so that it has been necessary to restore the courses of the rivers affected. It seems clear that the principal routes are those which receive double attestation, both through the archaeological record, and in ancient itineraries and other literary sources. By contrast, many, if not most, secondary routes may be identified only from very small surviving stretches of road, or from bridges. Reliance upon the latter as testimony for an ancient road offers special problems insofar as the dates for some are not clearly established. However, those roads represented here as approximate are marked thus only because their exact course has yet to be established; their dating is not in question. Gorges (1979) provides extensive material on villas. Quintela (1986) offers information about the spread of Roman dams and aqueducts throughout the region south of the R. Tagus; this can further assist in locating villas. Although there was no doubt centuriation, the evidence for it remains difficult to ascertain, and none is marked. Spain Much material for mapping south-west Iberia is at hand. The compilation of ancient sources and modern hypotheses in Iberische Landeskunde (Schulten 1955; Tovar 1974; 1976; 1989) and in TIR Emerita provides a generally sound basis for further work. For Andalucía, the magisterial study by Sillières (1990) offers solid opinions on a wide variety of geographical topics. The revised edition of CIL II has begun to appear; it provides up-to-date information on the mass of inscriptional evidence relevant to geographical questions. The physical environment has altered since antiquity. The coast has undergone little movement (Flemming 1969), except where the silting of certain river mouths has produced extensive change. An attempt has been made to reflect such change on the map in the bay of Cádiz (ancient Gades) (Escacena Carrasco 1986), the mouth of the R. Guadalquivir (Baetis), and the bay of Huelva (Onoba) (Caro Bellido 1989); for disputes concerning the area around Gades, see the judicious discussion by Sillières (1990). In the interior, many reservoirs have been constructed in the last 125 years; the ancient course of the rivers affected has been restored to the extent possible. Although Greek goods were traded extensively in the south-west and Greek cultural influence was significant (Rouillard 1991), there were no Greek settlements. The Iron Age Iberian civilization which the Greeks found is well attested in the archaeology of the area; major indigenous sites have been marked, especially if they continued to be inhabited into the periods of more intense interaction with Greeks or Romans. No attempt has been made, however, to mark all native sites known archaeologically. 416 MAP 26 LUSITANIA-BAETICA

For the Roman period, after 206 B.C., archaeology provides material at an ever increasing rate. Thus the location of attested Roman settlements and road stations represents the main focus of the map. Even so, all the archaeologically attested settlement cannot be shown at this scale; more comes to light every year, increasing the impression of a densely populated region. Nonetheless the general pattern remains fairly constant, and the discovery of further places to which an attested ancient name can be attached with certainty is unusual. In order not to overburden the map, a representative selection has been made: the emphasis is on town settlements, accompanied by only a few of the hundreds of rural habitations which existed in the area by the first two centuries A.D. (for villas, see Gorges 1979; Fernández Castro 1982; much work has also been done since). The same limitation applies to mines and mining areas; these were extensive in the region, but again only a representative selection is shown. Domergue (1987; 1990) provides full information. Roman alteration of the landscape through road- and bridge-building, as well as centuriation, leaves many marks. Sillières (1990) is fundamental for roads and bridges; Corzo Sánchez (1992) must be used with caution for Andalucía. Roldán Hervás (1975) provides information on areas further north, but lacks detail and good maps; it should be supplemented with Fernández Corrales (1987). TIR Emerita is essential for bridges and aqueducts. Fernández Casado’s works (1972; 1980) are unpaginated and need to be used judiciously; much of his material also appears in Gazzola (1968). The identification of “Roman” bridges remains problematic; those marked are in general thought likely to be of Roman origin, but many others have been proposed at one time or another. Roads are marked as approximate unless long stretches are attested archaeologically or through milestones. Roads shown as major are those attested by ancient itineraries; all others are shown as minor, even though there must have been considerable variation in their importance. Disagreement about routes, especially minor ones, remains strong; the one marked along the left bank of the R. Baetis between Corduba and Hispalis is particularly controversial. Although centuriation has been sought in every nook and cranny (note Corzo Sanchez 1992), still only two areas, around Mérida (Emerita Augusta) (Gorges 1982) and Urso (Osuna), have solid evidence in support, the former on the ground, the latter from inscriptional evidence. Despite the strong likelihood that much land was divided thus, convincing evidence from specific locations remains hard to detect (Haley 1996).

Directory All place names are in Spain unless otherwise noted

Abbreviations

THA J. Mangas and D. Plácido (eds.), Testimonia Hispaniae Antiqua I: Avieno, Ora maritima: descriptio orbis terrae phaenomena, Madrid, 1994 TIR Caesaraugusta Tabula Imperii Romani K-30, Madrid: Caesaraugusta, Clunia, Madrid, 1993 TIR Emerita Tabula Imperii Romani J-29, Lisboa: Emerita-Scallabis-Pax Iulia-Gades, Madrid, 1995

Names

Grid Name Period Modern Name / Location Reference

C2 Abelterium RL probably Alter do Chão Alarcão 1988 II.3, 150; TIR Emerita 23 POR B4 Abicada RL 2 miles from Portimão Gorges 1979, 481-82; TIR Emerita 23 POR Abona = A(qua)bona E5 Acinippo HR Ronda la Vieja Tovar 1974, 153-54 F4 Ad Aras RL La Carlota Sillières 1990, 312 F4 Ad Decumum HRL between Villafranca and Sillières 1990, 312 Córdoba, right bank of R. Guadalquivir D5 Ad Herculem RL Novo Sancti Petri TIR Emerita 24 (Chiclana de la Frontera) MAP 26 LUSITANIA-BAETICA 417

Grid Name Period Modern Name / Location Reference

D5 Ad Pontem RL Puente de Suazo (contra Sillières 1990, 314 TIR Emerita 24) D5 Ad Portum/ RL/ Puerto de S. María (contra Tovar 1974, 50; Sillières 1990, 313 Gaditanus Portus HRL TIR Emerita 24, 107, § Menestheos Limen? HRL 130) D4 Ad Rubras RL Aljaraque? (contra TIR Sillières 1990, 337 Emerita 24-25) C2 Ad Septem Aras RL? Degolados? POR TIR Emerita 25 D2 Ad Sorores RL Casas de Don Antonio TIR Emerita 25 C3 Adrus fl. CHRL Ribeira Degebe POR Schulten 1955, 340 B1 Aeminium POR See Map 24 Aesuris = (B)Aesuris D5 Aipora/ ACHRL/ Cortijo de Evora (Sanlúcar TIR Emerita 26, 76 Ebora HRL de Barrameda) D4 Alajar R González Fernández 1989, 62 E5 Albus Portus RL Torre de S. García near Tovar 1974, 69; Sillières 1990, 358-59 Algeciras C2 Alcains H?R N Castelo Branco POR Alarcão 1988 II.1, 75; TIR Emerita 27 D2 Alcántara RL TIR Emerita 27 D3 La Alconera R TIR Emerita 27 F4 Alhonoz ACH Escacena Carrasco 1985, 275, 279 D4 Almadén de la Plata R Canto 1977, 175-77 D3 Almendralejo R A. Caballos C1 Alpedrinha POR See Map 24 B2 Alto do Castelo H Alpiarça, near Santarém TIR Emerita 30 POR A3 Alto do Cidreira R Alcabideche, near Cascais TIR Emerita 30 POR C4 Amendoal RL? in surburbs of Faro POR Gorges 1979, 480; Alarcão 1988 II.3, 209 C2 Ammaia R near Aramenha POR TIR Emerita 31 § Municipium Ammaiense C3 Anas fl. ACHRL Guadiana POR / SPN TIR Emerita 31-32 §Samus?fl. L D4 Anatolikon Stoma L E mouth of R. TIR Emerita 42 Guadalquivir D5 Aphrodisias/ CHR/ N Cádiz peninsula Schulten 1955, 263; TIR Emerita 32, 77-78 Erythea/ CHR/ Iunonis Ins. HR A3 A(qua)bona RL possibly Barreiro POR Alarcão 1988 II.2, 127; TIR Emerita 32 § Equabona B4 Arandis/ CHRL near Ourique? POR Alarcão 1988 II.3, 171; TIR Emerita 32 Aranni E5 Arcos de la Frontera RL? Sillières 1990, 438 C2 Aritium R Casal da Várzea; 9 miles Alarcão 1988 II.3, 146-47; TIR Emerita 34 § Aritium oppidum vetus EAbrantesPOR B2 Aritium Praetorium RL possibly Tamazim, near TIR Emerita 34, 150 Bemposta POR B2 Arnal RL near Maceira POR Gorges 1979, 460 C4 Aroeira R?L near Alcoutim POR Alarcão 1988 II.3, 204 B4 Arregata R near Aljezur POR TIR Emerita 34-35 B2 Arrepiado R? Pinheiro Grande near TIR Emerita 35 Santarém POR F3 Arroyo del Alamo CHR Domergue 1987, 177-78 Arsa=Erisane E3 Artigi HRL Castuera? (contra Sillières CIL 2.2.7, 216 1990, 460) C4 Arucci RL Cortijo de Fuente Seca TIR Emerita 35 (Aroche) (contra Sillières 1990, 444) E5 Arunda R Ronda Tovar 1974, 154 E4 Arva R El Castillejo (Alcolea del Tovar 1974, 159-60 Río) 418 MAP 26 LUSITANIA-BAETICA

Grid Name Period Modern Name / Location Reference

E5 Asido HRL Medina Sidonia Tovar 1974, 150-51 § Asido Caesarina Asta = (H)Asta E4 Astigi/ HRL Écija Tovar 1974, 111-13 Col. Augusta Firma F4 Ategua See Map 27 B5 Atlanticus Oceanus See Map 1 Augusta Firma = Astigi Augusta Gaditana = Gadeira E2 Augustobriga HRL Talavera la Vieja? Tovar 1976, 235-36 E4 Axati R Lora del Río Tovar 1974, 158

E3 Baedro R Hinojosa del Duque? CIL 2.2.7, 186 E5 B(a)elo RL Bolonia Tovar 1974, 66-67 §Baldo H §Bardo H E5 Baelo fl. HR Río del Valle Tovar 1974, 66-67 E5 Baesippo RL Castillo de Santiago Tovar 1974, 65-66; A. Caballos (Barbate) C4 (B)Aesuris/ RL Castro Marim POR TIR Emerita 41 Esuris D5 Baetis Aestuaria HRL at mouth of R. TIR Emerita 36 Guadalquivir E4 Baetis/ ACHRL/ Guadalquivir Schulten 1955, 324-35; NPauly Certis fl. HR §Perkesfl. L StByz Βαῖτις D3 Baeturia Celtica R between R. Guadalquivir Tovar 1974, 33; TIR Emerita 41-42 and R. Guadiana E3 Baeturia Turdulorum R between R. Guadalquivir Tovar 1974, 33; TIR Emerita 41-42 and R. Guadiana C4 Balsa RL Tavira POR TIR Emerita 42 Barbariana? = Barbesula A3 Barbarion Pr. CHRL Cabo Espichel POR TIR Emerita 42, 61 § Cepresicum Iugum E5 Barbesula fl. HR Guadiaro, E Gibraltar Schulten 1955, 322-23 E5 Barbesula/ RL/ Torre de Guadiaro (S. Tovar 1974, 74 Barbariana? RL Roque) § Bamaliana L D3 Los Barros R Gorges 1979, 195; TIR Emerita 43 D2 Los Barruecos RL TIR Emerita 43 E4 Basilippo RL Cortijo de Cincho? Tovar 1974, 124-55 (Arahal) E5 Bastouloi/ H coastal Bastetani under Tovar 1974, 26 Poinoi Punic influence § Blastophoinikes E5 Belleia? M. H Silla del Papa, near Schulten 1955, 236; Tovar 1974, 67 B(a)elo Belo = B(a)elo E5 Besilus fl. R Barbate, near Belo Schulten 1955, 323-24 D3 Bienvenida HR TIR Emerita 44 F4 La Bobadilla HR Almagro-Gorbea 1987, 25 B4 Boca do Rio RL Budens POR Alarcão 1988 II.3, 183; TIR Emerita 44 F3 El Borracho CHR Domergue 1987, 37-38 C4 Brancanes R Almodôvar, near Beja Domergue 1990, 603; TIR Emerita 45 POR D3 Brovales RL TIR Emerita 46 D2 Las Brujas R TIR Emerita 46 E3 Brutobriga HR Villanueva de la Serena A. Caballos D2 Budua RL near Ermita de Nuestra TIR Emerita 47 Señora de Bótoa, near Badajoz MAP 26 LUSITANIA-BAETICA 419

Grid Name Period Modern Name / Location Reference

E5 Burdoga L Barja (Arcos de la Tovar 1974, 85; 1976, 222; Chic Frontera)? García 1979, 275-76

C2 Cabeça de Vaiamonte HR near Monforte POR Alarcão 1988 II.3, 150-51 E3 Cabeza de Vaca HR Almagro-Gorbea 1987, 26; Sillières 1990, 465 D5 Caepionis Monu. HR Piedra Salmedina? near TIR Emerita 48 § Scipionis Monu. L Chipiona Tovar 1974, 53-54 F2 Caesarobriga See Map 27 B3 Caetobriga ACHRL Setúbal POR TIR Emerita 49 D4 Cala ACHRL mining district TIR Emerita 49 B3 *Calanta R Santana do Campo, near TIR Emerita 142 § Calantica Arraiolos POR § Calantum § Calanatia E4 Callet HR Cortijo de Moguerejo (El Tovar 1974, 130, 146; TIR Emerita 50 § Callenses (Aeneanici) HR Coronil) Calpe = Carteia E5 Calpe M. CHRL Rock of Gibraltar GIB Tovar 1974, 72-73; Sillières 1990, 358; EncBerb 20 D4 Campanario CHR TIR Emerita 51 F4 Campillo Bajo See Map 27 E4 Canama R La Mesa (Alcolea del Río) Tovar 1974, 60, 160; Wiegels 1985, 25 §Canania B3 Caneiras do Roxo RL? near Odivelas POR TIR Emerita 52 E4 Las Canteras RL Gorges 1979, 359 D4 El Cañuelo RL? Sillières 1990, 502 C1 Capela de S. Águeda R? nearPóvoadeRiode Alarcão 1988 II.1, 73 Moinhos POR D1 Capera See Map 24 E5 Cappa RL Cerro Esperilla (Arcos de Sillières 1990, 440 la Frontera)? (contra Chic García 1979, 276) D4 El Carambolo AC Escacena Carrasco 1985, 280-81 E4 Carbula HR Almodóvar del Río? Tovar 1974, 98-99 E5 Caris(s)a HR Cortijo de Carija (Bornos) Tovar 1974, 57 § Carissa Aurelia E4 Carmo ACHRL Carmona Escacena Carrasco 1985, 283, 285; NPauly E2 Carpetania See Map 27 D3 El Carrascal R TIR Emerita 54 E5 Carrascona RL TIR Emerita 54 E4 Carruca HR Cortijo de Los Cosmes? Caballos Rufino 1993 between Écija and Estepa (contra Sillières 1990, 428) E5 Carteia/ ACHRL/ El Rocadillo, near S. Tovar 1974, 70-72 Calpe/ HRL/ Roque Karpessos HR §Kalpia § Karp(e)ia F5 Cartima See Map 27 E4 Carula CHR Cerro de Agua (La Puebla Tovar 1974, 129-30; de Cazalla) Sillières 1990, 403, 407 B3 Casa Branca R near Santiago do Escoural Alarcão 1988 II.2, 131 POR B2 Casal da Várzea RL? near Abrantes POR Alarcão 1988 II.3, 146-47 B2 Casal do Mouchão R? near Alenquer POR Alarcão 1988 II.2, 118 F4 Caserío de Riguelo RL? Sillières 1990, 409 D3 Caspiana R Cerro de Las Pilas? Sillières 1990, 488 C2 Castelo Branco R POR Alarcão 1988 II.1, 76; TIR Emerita 57 B4 Castelo da Amendoeira RL? near Castro Verde, Beja TIR Emerita 30-31 POR 420 MAP 26 LUSITANIA-BAETICA

Grid Name Period Modern Name / Location Reference

B4 Castelo da Chaminé R Castro Verde, near Beja TIR Emerita 62 POR C3 CastelodaLousa HR Luz, near Mourão POR TIR Emerita 101 B4 Castelo da Messejana H? Messejana, near Aljustrel TIR Emerita 108 POR C4 Castelo das Juntas HR Entradas POR TIR Emerita 96 B4 Castelo de Garvão R Garvâo, near Ourique TIR Emerita 85 POR C2 Castelo do Corregedor HR near Beirã POR Alarcão 1988 II.3, 147 D4 Castilleja de la Cuesta RL TIR Emerita 57 D3 Los Castillejos RL? TIR Emerita 57 Castillejos 2, Los D4 Los Castillejos de la AL TIR Emerita 57-58 Sierra D2 Castillo del Puerto HR TIR Emerita 58 D2 Castra Caecilia HRL 1 mile N Cáceres TIR Emerita 58 F4 Castra Postumiana? See Map 27 D3 Castrejón de Capote CH TIR Emerita 53-54 D4 Caura HR El Cerro de S. Juan (Coria TIR Emerita 59 del Río) D2 Caurium HRL Coria TIR Emerita 59-60 B3 Caveira ACHRL near Melides POR Alarcão 1988 II.3, 172; Domergue 1990, 203, 216; TIR Emerita 59 E4 Celti?/ HRL/ Cerro del Calvario Sillières 1990, 323-24; González Leptis? HRL (Peñaflor) Fernández 1991, 139 C2 Celtici HR POR TIR Emerita 60-61 D5 Ceret HR Jérez de la Frontera Tovar 1974, 51-52; TIR Emerita 96 B4 Cerro da Vila RL 2 miles NW Quarteira Gorges 1979, 482-83; Alarcão 1988 POR II.3, 206-207; TIR Emerita 164 F3 Cerro de las Monas CHR Sillières 1990, 378-79 E3 Cerro de los Castillejos ACHRL Sillières 1990, 459 D5 Cerro de los Mártires RL Gorges 1979, 243; TIR Emerita 106 E4 Cerro del Pescador RL Gorges 1979, 381 B4 Cerro do Monte Roso RS.Bartolomeude TIR Emerita 112 Messines POR B4 Cerro do Rocio R near Aljezur POR TIR Emerita 135 B4 Cerro dos Namorados R Castro Verde, Beja POR TIR Emerita 115 E4 Cerro Macareño ACHRL Sillières 1990, 489 F3 Cerro Muriano CHR road station and mining Domergue 1987, 116, 124-27; district Sillières 1990, 465 Certis fl. = Baetis fl. E5 Cetaria RL Getares (Algeciras)? Tovar 1974, 69; Sillières 1990, 359 E4 Chorrillo RL Gorges 1979, 387 B4 *Cibilis ACHRL Cerro da Rocha Branca Alarcão 1988 II.3, 182; TIR Emerita 63 § Cibilitani POR Cibilitani F5 Cilniana RL Las Bóvedas (S. Pedro de Tovar 1974, 74-75; Sillières 1990, 357 Alcántara) E5 Cilpe/ HR/ Cortijo de Clavijo, near Tovar 1974, 60; TIR Emerita 63 *Lacilbula? R Grazelema D5 Cimbii? H Rota Tovar 1974, 54 C3 La Cocosa RL TIR Emerita 64 F5 Coin R Canto 1977, 181 Col. Augusta Firma = Astigi Col. Augusta Gaditana = Gadeira Col. Genetiva Iulia = Urso Col. Hasta Regia = (H)Asta Col. Norbensis Caesarina = Norba Col. Pacensis = Pax Iulia Col. Patricia = Corduba MAP 26 LUSITANIA-BAETICA 421

Grid Name Period Modern Name / Location Reference

Col. Romula = Hispalis F4 Colina de los Quemados ACH Knapp 1983, 4-6; Escacena Carrasco 1985, 292-93 B2 Collippo HR S. Sebastião do Freixo, Alarcão 1988 II.2, 103; TIR Emerita 65 near Azóia POR Colobana = Conobaria E5/E6 Columnae Herculis GIB / SPN See Map 28 B1 Conimbriga POR See Map 24 D5 Conobaria/ HRL/ Cerro de las Vacas TIR Emerita 66-67 Colobana R (Lebrija) E3 Contosolia R Magacela? CIL 2.2.7, 216, 220-21 D3 Contributa Iulia Ugultunia RL Los Cercos de La Dehesa Sillières 1990, 476; TIR Emerita 67 de Los Castillejos, Medina de las Torres D4 Convento de San RL Huerta de S. Barbata Gorges 1979, 377 Francisco F4 Corduba/ HRL Córdoba Knapp 1983; CIL 2.2.7, 61-65; NPauly Col. Patricia D2 Cornalvo R reservoir Schulten 1955, 380; TIR Emerita 69 E4 Cortijo de Casulillas RL Gorges 1979, 360 E4 Cortijo de Fuentidueñas L Gorges 1979, 374; Fernández Castro 1982, 124, 304 E4 Cortijo de la Cartuja RL Gorges 1979, 389 D4 Cortijo del Aceitero RL Gorges 1979, 391; TIR Emerita 23 F4 Cortijo del Alcaide RL Gorges 1979, 249 F5 Cortijo del Tajo R Atencia Páez 1987, 210; cf. Tovar 1974, 182 D3 Cortinal de los Baños RL TIR Emerita 70 B2 Cós R near Alcobaça POR Alarcão 1988 II.2, 111 D5 Cotinussa Ins. HR largest of Gades Iss. Schulten 1955, 264, 552; TIR Emerita 71 § Gaditana Ins. D3 Los Cuadriales R TIR Emerita 72 E3 Las Cucharas RL? Sillières 1990, 461 D3 Cueva de la Lapa CHR mining district TIR Emerita 72 D3 Cueva del Agua ACHR TIR Emerita 72-73 D3 Cumbres Mayores R TIR Emerita 73 B4 Cuneus Ager RL? N Cuneus Pr. POR TIR Emerita 73 C5 Cuneus Pr. CHRL Cabo de S. María POR Schulten 1955, 239; TIR Emerita 73 D5 Curense Litus R shore opposite Cádiz to Schulten 1955, 269; TIR Emerita 73 Chiclana coast D3 Curiga HRL Covalca (Monesterio) TIR Emerita 73-74

E4 Detumo HR near Posadas Tovar 1974, 99; CIL 2.2.7, 168

C3 Ebora RL Évora POR Alarcão 1988 II.3, 159-60; TIR Emerita § Municipium Ebora 75-76 Liberalitas Iulia Ebora = Aipora A2 Eburobrittium R Óbidos? POR Alarcão 1988 II.2, 116; TIR Emerita 76 C3 Elvas RL POR Alarcão 1988 II.3, 156; TIR Emerita 77 D3 Emerita Augusta RL Mérida TIR Emerita 37-39 F4 Encinajero de los Frailes RL Gorges 1979, 251 de San Jerónimo D3 Encinasola ACHRL TIR Emerita 77 Epagrum = Ipagrum E5 Erisane/ H/ near Asido Tovar 1974, 55, 183 Arsa HL Erythea Ins. = Aphrodisias Ins. B2 Escádia Grande R near Alvares POR Alarcão 1988 II.1, 72: Domergue 1990, 606 F3 Los Escoriales CHR mining district Domergue 1987, 98, 166, 169, 257 C3 Estremoz RL? POR TIR Emerita 78 Esuris = (B)Aesuris 422 MAP 26 LUSITANIA-BAETICA

Grid Name Period Modern Name / Location Reference

D3 Evandria(na) RL near Arroyo de S. Serván TIR Emerita 72 Cubilana, 79

A3 Faiâo R Terrungem, near Sintra TIR Emerita 79 POR B4 Ferragudo R POR TIR Emerita 79 C4 Fines RL Villa Verde de Ficalho? Alarcão 1988 I, 135; TIR Emerita 79-80 POR D4 Fodinae R Riotinto mines Tovar 1974, 172-73 B2 Formigais H?R? near Vila Nova de Ourem Alarcão 1988 II.2, 104 POR A3 Foz de Colares R sanctuary near Sintra Alarcão 1988 II.2, 121; TIR Emerita 81 POR A3 Freiria R S. Domingos de Rana, TIR Emerita 81 near Cascais POR E3 Fuente de Apio RL Gorges 1979, 250 C4 La Fuente Seca R Sillières 1990, 450; TIR Emerita 82

D5 Gadeira/ ACHRL Cádiz Tovar 1974, 37-48; TIR Emerita 82-84 Gades/ Col. Augusta Gaditana § Urbs Iulia Gaditana Gaditanum Fretum = Herakleios Porthmos Gaditanus Portus = Ad Portum Genetiva Iulia = Urso D4 Gerena HR TIR Emerita 85 E5 Gibalbín RL? Sillières 1990, 437 E4 Gibla CHR Domergue 1987, 475-76 D5 Glaukou? Akra HR? Salmedina peninsula near Schulten 1955, 236 R. Guadalquivir mouth C2 Granja R near Crato POR Gorges 1979, 464; TIR Emerita 86 F3 La Gran Mina CHR Domergue 1987, 177 C4 Guzmán CHR mining district Domergue 1987, 125, 198-99, 212

F5 Hacienda de Manguarra y RL Gorges 1979, 304; Fernández S. José Castro 1982, 139-40, 304 E4 Hacienda del Ciprés RL? Sillières 1990, 412 E4 Hacienda del Real Tesoro RL Gorges 1979, 367 D4 Hareni M. R Arenas Gordas TIR Emerita 86-87 D5 (H)Asta/ ACHRL/ Cortijo el Rosario, Mesas Rouillard 1991, 723; TIR Emerita 87 Col. Hasta Regia/ ACHRL/ de Asta (Jérez de la Ligystine? A Frontera) E4 Haza de Habares RL Gorges 1979, 366 D4 Haza de las Piedras RL Gorges 1979, 381; TIR Emerita 87-88 D5 Haza de la Torre RL Gorges 1979, 242; TIR Emerita 155 D5 Herakleion HR on Isla Sancti Petri TIR Emerita 88 E6 Herakleios Porthmos/ CHRL Straits of Gibraltar Schulten 1955, 403 Gaditanum Fretum § Tartessium Fretum § Europae Fretum § Hiberum Fretum § Hispanum Fretum E5 Heras? Ins. See Map 28 E6 Heras? Ins. MOR See Map 28 D4 Herculis Ins. HR Saltes Is. at mouth of R. Schulten 1955, 221; Tovar 1974, 63-64 Odiel C3 Herdade da Chaminé RL? S Évora POR Alarcão 1988 II.3, 161 C3 Herdade da Chaminé R 4 miles E Vila Fernando Gorges 1979, 467; TIR Emerita 62 (Elvas) POR C3 Herdade da Fontes de RL Baleizão, near Beja POR Alarcão 1988 II.3, 197; TIR Emerita 80 Frades C3 Herdade das Reprezas R 6 miles W Beja POR Gorges 1979, 472; TIR Emerita 134 MAP 26 LUSITANIA-BAETICA 423

Grid Name Period Modern Name / Location Reference

C3 Herdade do Carrão R Villa Fernando, near Elvas Alarcão 1988 II.3, 156 POR B3 Herdade do Monte do RL near Odivelas POR Alarcão 1988 II.3, 190; TIR Emerita 112 Outeiro C4 Herdade do Montinho R near Quintos POR Gorges 1979, 475; TIR Emerita 112 B1 Herminius M. POR See Map 24 E4 Hispalis/ ACHRL Sevilla / Seville Tovar 1974, 140-43; Escacena Col. Romula Carrasco 1985, 279-80 D4 La Horadada Piedra R TIR Emerita 127 C3 Horta do Bispo R near Évora POR Alarcão 1988 II.3, 161 C3 Horta do Vinagre RL? near Viana do Alentejo Alarcão 1988 II.3, 161 POR E4 Huerta Alta RL Gorges 1979, 363 E4 Huerta de Fabiana RL Gorges 1979, 395

E6 Ibericum Mare See Map 1 D4 Iberos/ HR/ Tinto TIR Emerita 89, 102; cf. Sillières 1990, 448 Luxia fl. R A2 Ierabriga RL possibly near Alenquer TIR Emerita 90, 126 § Lerabriga L POR C2 *Igaeditania? HRL Idanha-a-Nova POR Tovar 1976, 251; TIR Emerita 64, 90-91 § Egitania L D4 Ilip(ou)la CHRL Niebla TIR Emerita 91 E4 Ilipa Magna HRL Alcalá del Río Tovar 1974, 162-63 § Ibylla C § Ilipa Ilia R E5 Ilipoula M. R Sierra de Ronda Schulten 1955, 192 E4 Ilipula Minor HR Cortijos de Repla, near Galsterer 1971, 66; Tovar 1974, 129 §Ilipa Los Corrales F5 Iluro HR Alora (Málaga) Galsterer 1971, 50 (n. 97); §Lauro? Tovar 1974, 132-33 F4 Ipagrum/ HRL/ Cerro del Castillo (Aguilar Tovar 1974, 121; Sillières 1990, 414 Epagrum L de la Frontera)? E4 Iporca R Los Castillejos? near Tovar 1974, 180; Sillières 1990, 470 Molinos de Amparo E5 Iptuci HR Cabeza de Hortales (Prado Caballos Rufino 1981; Sillières 1990, 509 del Rey) E5 Irippo?/ HR/ Puebla del Gastor, near Tovar 1974, 152-53 Serippo? HR Coripe E4 Irni R Cerro del Castillejo Sillières 1990, 425; Caballos (El Saucejo) Rufino 1996, 243-52 D4 Italica HRL Santiponce TIR Emerita 91 D4 (I)Tucci CHRL Tejada la Nueva, TIR Emerita 93-95 despoblado near Escacena del Campo Iulia Ioza = Iulia Traducta C4 (Iulia) Myrtilis HRL Mértola POR Alarcão 1988 II.3, 201-203; TIR Emerita 114 E5 Iulia Traducta/ RL/ Algeciras Sillières 1990, 358-59 Iulia Ioza/ R/ Tingentera R E3 Iulipa H?R Zalamea de la Serena? CIL 2.2.7, 207 D5 Iunonis Ins. HR W Aipora, at mouth of Schulten 1955, 236 R. Baetis Iunonis Ins. = Aphrodisias Ins. D5 Iunonis Pr. HR Cape Trafalgar TIR Emerita 95

E5 Kalath(ous)a/ CH/ Sierra de Aznar? E Arcos Tovar 1974, 73, 85 Kaldouba R de la Frontera B3 Kal(l)ipous fl. CHRL Sado POR Schulten 1955, 341; TIR Emerita 50 Karpessos = Carteia D4 Kortikata R Cortegana Tovar 1974, 169; TIR Emerita 70 424 MAP 26 LUSITANIA-BAETICA

Grid Name Period Modern Name / Location Reference

B4 Lac(c)obriga HRL possibly Monte Milião, TIR Emerita 96 near Lagos POR E5 Lacca R Cortijos de Casablanca Chic García 1979 and Casinas (Arcos de la Frontera) E5 Lacca fl. R Guadalete Tovar 1974, 66 *Lacilbula? = Cilpe E2 Laci(ni)murga R Cerro de Cogolludo? CIL 2.2.7, 188; TIR Emerita 96-97 § Constantia Iulia (Navalvillar de Pela) E2 Lacipea RL? TIR Emerita 97 E5 Lacippo HR Alechipe, near Casares Tovar 1974, 61-62 D3 Lacunis CHRL Cerro de Los Castillejos, Sillières 1990, 487; TIR Emerita 57, 97 near Fuente de Cantos D4 Laelia ACHRL Cerro de las Cabezas TIR Emerita 97 § Caelia? (Albaida del Aljarafe) Tovar 1974, 59 B4 Lagos R POR TIR Emerita 97-98 D1 Lama RL Plasencia? Tovar 1976, 234 D1 Lancienses Oppidani See Map 24 E5 Lascuta HR near Alcalá de los Gazules Tovar 1974, 55; Corzo Sánchez 1982, 73 E5 Lascutana Turris H Alcalá de los Gazules? Corzo Sánchez 1982, 74 D4 Lastigi HR Los Merineros? TIR Emerita 99 (Aznalcóllar) F4 Lauro/ HR/ Cerro de Hachillo, near Tovar 1974, 126, 133; Caballos *Olaurum R Lora de Estepa Rufino 1996, 253-64 Leptis? = Celti? D4 Ligustinus L. HR Las Marismas at mouth of Schulten 1955, 377-78; TIR Emerita 99-100 R. Guadalquivir Ligystine? = (H)Asta D6 Lixus MOR See Map 28 E3 La Loba CHR Domergue 1987, 135-37 and maps 2, 4; Stylow 1991, 17 D3 Lobón RL TIR Emerita 100 D5 Loma de la Cartuja L TIR Emerita 55 D5 Loma de la Viña RL Gorges 1979, 383 E4 Lomas del Castillo HR Sillières 1990, 407 E3 Lomo de Perro HR Domergue 1987, 33-34 A2 Londobris Ins. CHRL Ilha Berlenga POR Schulten 1955, 266; TIR Emerita 100 E4 Lora la Vieja RL? Sillières 1990, 327 B1 Luaron? Akron CHRL possibly Cape Carvoeiro Schulten 1955, 241 POR E4 Lucurgentum R Morón de la Frontera Tovar 1974, 152 (contra Ponsich 1974, 268) C2 Lusitani POR See Map 24 Lux Dubia, T. = Phosphoros, T. Luxia fl. = Iberos fl.

D4 Maenuba HR Chillas? near Tovar 1974, 78-79, 167 Villamanrique D4 Maenuba fl. R Guadiamar Schulten 1955, 25, 335; TIR Emerita 103 A3 Magnum Pr. Cabo de Roca POR TIR Emerita 103 B3 Malateca RL perhaps Marateca, 12 TIR Emerita 103 miles NE Setúbal POR E4 Marianus M. See Map 27 E4 Maribañez RL Sillières 1990, 315 F4 Marinaleda RL? Sillières 1990, 507 D4 *Marmorarius Pagus R Almadén de la Plata TIR Emerita 105 B2 Martim Gil R?L 1 mile NW Leiria POR Gorges 1979, 461; TIR Emerita 106 C2 Matusarum RL near Arronches POR TIR Emerita 107 C4 Las Mazmoras RL Gorges 1979, 265; TIR Emerita 107 C1 Meimoa POR See Map 24 MAP 26 LUSITANIA-BAETICA 425

Grid Name Period Modern Name / Location Reference

E3 Mellaria RL Cerro de Masatrigo Tovar 1974, 93; CIL 2.2.7, 181 (Fuente Obejuna) E5 Mellaria HRL Valdevaqueros (Tarifa) Tovar 1974, 68 D5 Menestheus, T. HR at mouth of Baetis, on Tovar 1974, 50-51 Salmedina Is. D5 Mercablum/ RL/ Ruinas de Patria (Conil de TIR Emerita 66, 107-108 Merifabion L la Frontera) Merifabion = Mercablum B4 Metallum Vipascense CHRL Aljustrel POR Domergue 1990, 602; TIR Emerita 165-66 § Vipasca E3 Metellinum HR Medellín Tovar 1976, 231 C4 Milreu RL POR Gorges 1979, 480; Alarcão 1988 II.3, 207-208; TIR Emerita 108 C3 Mina de Ruy Gomes ACHR near Moura POR Alarcão 1988 II.3, 193; Domergue 1990, 612; TIR Emerita 136 F3 Las Minillas CHR Domergue 1987, 36-37 E3 Mirobriga R Cerro del Cabezo Tovar 1974, 96; CIL 2.2.7, 193 (Capilla) B4 Mirobriga ACHRL Santiago do Cacém POR Alarcão 1988 II.3, 173-75; TIR Emerita § Mirobriga Celtica 109-11 § Municipium Flavium Mirobrigensium D2 Monsanto R? near Idanha-a-Velha POR Gorges 1979, 460 C2 Monte de S. Martinho H?R? near Castelo Branco POR Alarcão 1988 II.1, 76 C4 Monte do Manuel Galo HR S. Miguel de Pinheiro, TIR Emerita 104 near Mértola POR C3 Monte do Meio RL POR Gorges 1979, 472; Alarcão 1988 II.3, 194; TIR Emerita 107 C3 Monte do Outeiro RL 1 mile NE Cuba POR Gorges 1979, 474; TIR Emerita 112 E4 Montemolín ACH Sillières 1990, 407 F4 Montilla R A. Caballos C4 Montinho das Laranjeiras R near Alcoutim POR Gorges 1979, 479; Alarcão 1988 II.3, 204; TIR Emerita 112 C3 Moura CHRL POR TIR Emerita 113 F4 La Muela HR Almagro-Gorbea 1987, 25 E4 Munda CH Cerro de las Camorras? Sillières 1990, 428 (Santaella) F4 Munda fl. Carchena, tributary of R. Tovar 1974, 117 Guadajoz B1 Munda fl. CHRL Mondego POR Schulten 1955, 346 E3 Municipium Flavium R Azuaga Tovar 1974, 93; CIL 2.2.7, 202 V(...) E4 Munigua R Dehesa de Mulva Tovar 1974, 160-61 (Villanueva del Río y Minas) B4 Murtinhal CHRL POR TIR Emerita 114 Myrtilis = (Iulia) Myrtilis

D5 Nabrissa ACHR near Lebrija TIR Emerita 114-15 E4 Naeva HR Cantillana, near Seville Tovar 1974, 143-44 E3 Navalespino CHR Domergue 1987, 138-39 D3 Nertobriga Concordia HR Valeria la Vieja, near TIR Emerita 115 Iulia Fregenal de la Sierra F5 Nescania HR Cortijo de Escaña, near Tovar 1974, 133 Valle de Abdalagís D2 Norba/ RL Cáceres TIR Emerita 116 Col. Norbensis Caesarina B3 Nossa Senhora d'Aires R?L near Viana do Alentejo Alarcão 1988 II.3, 162; TIR Emerita 116 POR B1 Nossa Senhora do POR See Map 24 Desterro

Oba = O(no)ba 426 MAP 26 LUSITANIA-BAETICA

Grid Name Period Modern Name / Location Reference

E4 Obulcula HRL La Monclova (Fuentes de Tovar 1974, 114 Andalucía) E5 Ocur(r)i R Casas de S. Lucía Tovar 1974, 60; A. Caballos (Ubrique) E4 Oducia R Tocina Tovar 1974, 161 *Olaurum = Lauro D5 Olbensis Pagus? R near Sanlúcar de Tovar 1974, 53; TIR Emerita 44-45 Barrameda D5 Oleastrum L. HR in bay of Gades Schulten 1955, 287 A3 Olisipo ACHRL Lisbon POR Alarcão 1988 II.2, 123-26; TIR Emerita § Municipium Olisipo 118-19 Felicitas Iulia D4 Olontigi HR Aznalcázar TIR Emerita 119 E5 O(no)ba H?R Jimena de la Frontera Tovar 1974, 56 (Sierra de Ronda) Onoba = O(sso)noba E3 La Onza CHR Domergue 1987, 472-73 E4 Orippo HRL Torre de los Herberos? TIR Emerita 120-21 near Dos Hermanas D4 Osset HR S. Juan de Aznalfarache? TIR Emerita 121 § Iulia Constantia C4 Ossonoba ACHRL Faro POR TIR Emerita 121 D4 O(sso)noba HRL Huelva Tovar 1974, 62-64; TIR Emerita 120 § Onuba Aestuaria §Olbia? F4 Ostippo HRL Estepa? Tovar 1974, 126-27; Caballos Rufino 1996, 255 (n. 25) C4 Ostium fl. Anae RL Ayamonte TIR Emerita 31 D4 Ostur HR El Castillo? (Manzanilla) TIR Emerita 121-22

Pacensis = Pax Iulia D4 Paisoula R Salteras Tovar 1974, 85-86; A. Caballos E4 Pajares HR Almagro-Gorbea 1987, 24 D4 Palma del Condado R Sillières 1990, 337; TIR Emerita 123 D4 Palomares del Río R Galsterer 1971, 67; TIR Emerita 123 Patricia = Corduba B4 Patulus Portus HR Pessegueiro Is., S Sines Tovar 1976, 213 POR C4 Pax Iulia/ HRL Beja POR TIR Emerita 124 Pax Augusta/ Col. Pacensis B3 Pedrão HR near Setúbal POR Alarcão 1988 II.2, 128 F3 Los Pedroches HR Domergue 1990, 190, 203 D3 Perceiana/ RL/ Cortijo de la Vega del Tovar 1974, 176; TIR Emerita 126 Promptiana? L Conde? (Villafranca del Barros) D3 Phornakis R Hornachuelos? Stylow 1991, 16; TIR Emerita 80-81 D5 Phosphoros/ HR/ near Sanlúcar de Tovar 1974, 52-53; TIR Emerita 95, 102 Lux Dubia, T. HR Barrameda, near ancient § Iuno, T. R Caepionis Monu. § Dianae Fanum E3 El Piconcillo CHR Domergue 1987, 141-44 C4 Pisões RL HerdadedeAlgramassa, Gorges 1979, 474-75; TIR Emerita 128 near Beja POR C3 Pizões RL Santo Agostinho, near Alarcão 1988 II.3, 193 Moura POR D3 Plagiaria RL Sagrajas? TIR Emerita 128 D2 Plasenzuela CHR TIR Emerita 128 Poinoi = Bastouloi B2 Ponte da Isna RL? Cardigos, near Mação, TIR Emerita 91 Santarém POR C2 Ponte da Ladeira dos RL? near Mação POR Alarcão 1988 II.3, 145 Envendos MAP 26 LUSITANIA-BAETICA 427

Grid Name Period Modern Name / Location Reference

A2 Ponte da Marinha R? near Alenquer POR Alarcão 1988 II.2, 118 C1 Ponte da Ribeira das RL? near Idanha-a-Nova POR Alarcão 1988 II.1, 73 Razas B1 Ponte da Sancha RL? near Condeixa-a-Velha Alarcão 1988 II.2, 98 POR C1 Ponte da Senhora da RL? near Idanha-a-Nova POR Alarcão 1988 II.1, 73 Azenha C3 Ponte de Lisboa RL 11 miles NW of Beja Gorges 1979, 473; Alarcão 1988 II.3, 193 POR C2 Ponte de Sor RL? POR Alarcão 1988 II.3, 148-49; TIR Emerita 129 B4 Ponte de Tôr RL? Querença, near Loulé TIR Emerita 153 POR C2 Ponte do Coadouro RL Penhascoso, near Mação Alarcão 1988 II.3, 145 POR C3 Porto da Calçadinha RL? near Évora POR Alarcão 1988 II.3, 161 B2 Porto do Sabugueiro R 2 miles N Muge POR Gorges 1979, 470; TIR Emerita 130 E4 La Portuguesa R Sillières 1990, 315 B4 Portus Hannibalis HR? Portimão? POR Alarcão 1988 II.3, 182, 184; TIR Emerita 86 E3 Potosí CL Domergue 1987, 478 F3 Pozoblanco CHR mining district Domergue 1987, 87, 129-30, 161-66 C4 Praesidium RL El Rompido (Cartaya) Sillères 1990, 337 (contra TIR Emerita 131) Praesidium Iulium = Scallabis Promptiana? = Perceiana D2 Proserpina R reservoir at Pantano de Schulten 1955, 380; TIR Emerita 131 Carija, 3 miles NW Mérida

C4 Quinta do Marim RL POR TIR Emerita 104 C4 Quinta do Trindade RL POR TIR Emerita 157 F3 Quinto del Huerco CHR Domergue 1987, 108

D2 Raposera de Abajo R TIR Emerita 134 E1 El Raso See Map 24 E3 Regina RL between Casas de Reina CIL 2.2.7, 222 and Reina de Los Paredones Regina = Turirecina C1 Ribeira das Taliscas RL? Bemposta, near Alarcão 1988 II.1, 72 Penamacor POR E4 Ribera de Huesna R Sillières 1990, 473 D4 Río Corumbel CHR TIR Emerita 70 D4 Río Crispinejo CHR Domergue 1987, 473-74 D4 Riotinto ACHRL mining district TIR Emerita 109 Romula = Hispalis D2 Rustic(i)ana RL Galisteo? near Coria Tovar 1976, 241; TIR Emerita 136

F4 Sabetanum R La Rambla or S. Sebastián Sillières 1990, 505, 890 de los Ballesteros E5 Sabora R Cerro de Sabora, near Tovar 1974, 130-31; Atencia Cañete la Real Páez 1987, 212 A3 Sacavém R near Loures POR Alarcão 1988 II.2, 122; TIR Emerita 136 B4 Sacrum Pr. CHRL Cabo de S. Vicente POR TIR Emerita 73, 136 E5 Saepo R Dehesa de la Fantasía, Tovar 1974, 61; Wiegels 1985, 65 Cortes, near Jimena de la Frontera E5 Saguntia RL Baños de Gigonza Tovar 1974, 54-55 (Paterna de Rivera)? Sala = Sal(pens)a B3 Salacia (Imperatoria) ACHR Alcácer do Sal POR TIR Emerita 136-37 § Municipium Salaciense 428 MAP 26 LUSITANIA-BAETICA

Grid Name Period Modern Name / Location Reference

F5 Salduba fl. R Guadalhorce Schulten 1955, 322 E5 Salduba/ HRL/ Torreón? at mouth of Tovar 1974, 74-75; Sillières 1990, 357 Saltum RL R. Guadalmansa §Saldo E4 Sal(pens)a HR Cortijo de la Coria Tovar 1974, 145-46; Caballos (Utrera) Rufino 1996, 245 F4 Salsum fl. H Guadajoz Schulten 1955, 336 Saltum = Salduba Sandone = Saudo E4 S. Bárbara CHR mining district Domergue 1987, 94-97, 148, 155, 179, 198, 216, 231 C3 S. Cucufate RL 1.5 miles W Vila de Gorges 1979, 477; Alarcão 1988 II.3, 190; Frades POR TIR Emerita 143 C4 S. Domingos RL near Mértola POR Alarcão 1988 II.3, 200-201; Domergue 1990, 612; TIR Emerita 143 B4 S. Estêvão RL near Silves POR Alarcão 1988 II.3, 182; Domergue 1990, 216 D4 S. Eulalia R Sillières 1990, 448; TIR Emerita 141 E4 S. José HR Almagro-Gorbea 1987, 26 D4 S. Juan de la Moraniña R? TIR Emerita 139 B3 S. Margarida do Sado R Figueira dos Cavaleiros TIR Emerita 141 POR C3 S. Miguel de Mota HR sanctuary near Alandroal Alarcão 1988 II.3, 160; TIR Emerita 144 POR A3 S. Miguel de Odrinhas RL POR Gorges 1979, 461-62; Alarcão 1988 II.2, 120; TIR Emerita 144 B1 S. Olaia POR See Map 24 D4 S. Telmo CHR mining district TIR Emerita 139 B2 S. Tiago R Santiago de Montealegre TIR Emerita 144-45 POR C3 S. Vitória do Ameixial RL near S. Vitória POR Gorges 1979, 478-79; TIR Emerita 142 D4 Sanlúcar la Mayor R Galsterer 1971, 67 E5 El Santiscal R Gorges 1979, 241 E5 Saudo/ R/ Sierra Gamaza (Arcos de Tovar 1974, 86; Sillières 1990, 438-39 Sandone L la Frontera)? B2 Scallabis/ ACHRL/ Santarém POR Alarcão 1988 II.2, 116; TIR Emerita 145 Praesidium Iulium R § Col. Scal(l)abitana D3 Segida HR Burguillos del Cerro? TIR Emerita 145; cf. Wiegels 1985, 67 § Restituta Iulia E4 Segida R La Saetilla? S Palma del Tovar 1974, 183 § Augurina Río D2 Segura RL TIR Emerita 146 B2 Sellium RL? Tomar POR TIR Emerita 146 B4 Senhora da Luz R near Lagos POR TIR Emerita 146 D3 Seria RL Jérez de los Caballeros TIR Emerita 147 Serippo? = Irippo? C4 Serpa RL Serpa POR TIR Emerita 147 B3 Serra dos Monges R S. Tiago do Escoural, TIR Emerita 111-12 Montemor-o-Novo POR E4 Setefilla AC Escacena Carrasco 1985, 289-90 E4 Siarum HR La Torre del Aguila? S Tovar 1974, 146; Caballos § Fortunale H Utrera Rufino 1996, 245 D3 Sierra de la Martela CH TIR Emerita 105-106 B4 Silves RL? POR Alarcão 1988 II.3, 182 B4 Sines RL POR TIR Emerita 148 F4 Singili(a) Barba RL Cortijo del Castillón, Tovar 1974, 74, 124-25; §Barla R 4 miles W Antequera Sillières 1990, 401, 422 E4 Singilis fl. R Genil RE 1 § Silicense fl. H E3 Solana de Belalcázar CHR Domergue 1987, 102-107 MAP 26 LUSITANIA-BAETICA 429

Grid Name Period Modern Name / Location Reference

F3 Solia RL Majadalaiglesia CIL 2.2.7, 171; Tovar 1974, 97-98 (Torrecampo) C2 Sôrinho RL? Monte da Pedra, near Alarcão 1988 II.3, 148 Crato POR F5 Suel See Map 27 A3 Suimo R near Belas POR TIR Emerita 149 D4 Sultana CHR Domergue 1987, 216

A3 Tagrus M. CHRL Cabo da Roca, near Schulten 1955, 161, 240 § Sacer M. Magnum and Olisipo Pr. POR B2 Tagus fl. CHRL Tejo / Tajo POR / SPN Schulten 1955, 341-45; TIR Emerita 149-50; TIR Caesaraugusta 216 D2 Tamusia CH Villasviejas de Tamuja? TIR Emerita 165 (Botija) E4 Tanque de Agua RL Gorges 1979, 388 C2 Tapada da Ordem R near Idanha-a-Nova POR TIR Emerita 151 E4 Tarazona RL? Sillières 1990, 315 D4 Tartessos ACH lower R. Odiel and Tovar 1974, 70 § Tartessii R. Guadalquivir area B2 Terrugem R? near Almeirim POR Alarcão 1988 II.2, 116 C4 Tharsis ACHRL settlement and mine Domergue 1987, 199; Sillières 1990, 448 Tingentera = Iulia Traducta E6 Tingi MOR See Map 28 D2 *Tongobriga R Brozas? near Cáceres TIR Emerita 46 D3 Torre Aguila RL TIR Emerita 154 C4 Torre da Cardeira RL near Quintos POR Gorges 1979, 475-76; Alarcão 1988 II.3, 198; TIR Emerita 154 B2 Torre de Magueixa R Reguengo do Fetal POR TIR Emerita 154 D3 La Torre de Miguel RL? TIR Emerita 154 Sesmero C2 Torre de Palma RL 5 miles NW Monforte Gorges 1979, 465; TIR Emerita 154-55 POR E4 El Torreón RL Gorges 1979, 362 F5 Las Torres R Gorges 1979, 306 E4 Toruño HR Sillières 1990, 407 D2 Tourmogon/ R/ Cerro Garrote TIR Emerita 158-59 Turmulos RL (Garrovillas) C2 Tres Arroyos HR TIR Emerita 157 E3 Triunfo HR Domergue 1987, 18, 31 B3 Tróia RL POR Tovar 1976, 215; TIR Emerita 157-58 B2 Tubucci R possibly Herdade do TIR Emerita 149 § Tabucci Carvalhal, near § Tacubis Constância POR Tucci = (I)Tucci D4 Turdetania See Map 27 C4 Turduli HR region N and W Seville Tovar 1974, 23; 1976, 201 and Córdoba D2 Turgaliensis Regionis R around Trujillo Tovar 1976, 234 Praefectura E2 Turgalium R Trujillo Tovar 1976, 234 E5 Turirecina/ H/ Cortijo de Casina, SW Galsterer 1971, 67; Tovar 1974, 56 Regina HR ArcosdelaFrontera § Col. Civium Romanorum Regina Turmulos = Tourmogon D4 Turobriga HR Ermita de S. Mamés? Sillières 1990, 444; cf. TIR Emerita (Aroche) 35, 44, 159

Ugia = U(r)gia D4 *Urium RL Riotinto mines González Fernández 1989, 76; TIR Emerita 24-25 430 MAP 26 LUSITANIA-BAETICA

Grid Name Period Modern Name / Location Reference

E2 Ucubitanorum Praefectura R area of Valdecaballeros CIL 2.2.7, 198 F4 Ulia (Fidentia) HRL Montemayor Tovar 1974, 115-16 F4 Urgapa? R?L La Alameda Sillières 1990, 411-12 E5 U(r)gia ACHRL Las Torres de Alocaz (Las Tovar 1974, 57-58; Wiegels 1985, 61 (n. 3) § Caesaris Salutariensis Cabezas de S. Juan) § Castrum Iulium D4 Urius fl. RL Odiel Schulten 1955, 275, 337; TIR Emerita 166 E4 Urso/ HRL Osuna Tovar 1974, 128-29 Col. Genetiva Iulia

C3 Vale de Aguieiro R S. Maria da Feira, near Alarcão 1988 II.3, 196; TIR Emerita 160 Beja POR C4 Vale de Aguilhão RL near Beja POR Alarcão 1988 II.3, 196 B4 Vale de Mértola R Castro Verde POR TIR Emerita 160 C2 Valencia de Alcántara H?R TIR Emerita 160 F4 La Valenzoleja See Map 27 D3 Vama R Salvatierra de los Barros Tovar 1974, 175; TIR Emerita 160-61 F4 Ventipo HR La Atalaya de Casariche? Tovar 1974, 125-26 D2 Vettones HRL? between R. Guadiana and TIR Emerita 162 R. Duero Via Augusta See Roads C2 *Vicus Camalocensis R near Chocanal POR Alarcão 1988 II.3, 149; TIR Emerita 63 B2 Vila Cardílio RL at Caveira, near Torres Gorges 1979, 470-71; TIR Emerita 163 Novas POR C2 Vila Formosa RL? near Alter do Chão POR Alarcão 1988 II.3, 149; TIR Emerita 163 C3 Vila Ruiva R? near Cuba POR Alarcão 1988 II.3, 163 A3 Vila Verde RL Terrugem, near Sintra Gorges 1979, 462; TIR Emerita 163-64 POR F5 Villa de Río Verde RL Fernández Castro 1982, 304 E4 Villar de Brenes RL Gorges 1979, 361 E4 Villo R Rancho de la Estaca, S La Caballos Rufino 1996, 245 Puebla de la Calzada

D3 Zafra R A. Caballos B3 Zambujal R Alvito, near Beja POR TIR Emerita 167 E6 Zilis MOR See Map 28

Aqueducts

Grid Location Period Reference

B3 Salacia (Imperatoria) RL? TIR Emerita 136-37 C2 Valencia de Alcántara RL? TIR Emerita 160 D2 E Tourmogon at El Campillo RL? TIR Emerita 51 D3 Cornalvo to Emerita Augusta RL? TIR Emerita 69 D3 at La Torre de Miguel Sesmero RL? TIR Emerita 154 D3 at Lobón RL? TIR Emerita 100 D3 Proserpina to Emerita Augusta RL? TIR Emerita 131 D3 N Emerita Augusta (Rabo de Buey-San RL? TIR Emerita 133 Lázaro) D4 near El Chaparral to Italica RL? TIR Emerita 62 D5 near Ad Pontem at Tres Caminos RL? TIR Emerita 157 E4 Carmo RL? Sillières 1990, 805 E5 B(a)elo RL? Fernández Casado 1972 MAP 26 LUSITANIA-BAETICA 431

Bridges

Grid Location Period Reference

D1 at Capera See Map 24 D2 at Ad Sorores RL? TIR Emerita 25 D2 at Alcántara, over R. Tajo RL? Blanco Freijeiro 1977; TIR Emerita 27 D2 SW Tourmogon at Alconétar, over R. Tajo RL? Gazzola 1968, 135-36; TIR Emerita 27-28 D2 S Norba at Dehesa de La Zafra, over R. Salor RL? TIR Emerita 167 D2 E Tourmogon at El Campillo, over R. Tajo RL? TIR Emerita 51 D2 Ad Sorores (El Garro), over R. Almonte RL? Gazzola 1968, 181 D2 Caurium (Guijo), over R. Alagón RL? Gazzola 1968, 189-90 D2 near Raposera de Abajo, over R. Aljucén HR TIR Emerita 29 D2 E Norba near Trujillo, over R. Tamuja RL? TIR Emerita 151 D3 near Cortinal de los Baños at Alange, over R. RL? Fernández Casado 1980 Matachen D3 E Seria at El Pontón, over Arroyo Brovales RL? TIR Emerita 129 D3 at Emerita Augusta, over R. Guadiana RL? Gazzola 1968, 182-83 D3 N Phornakis at Palomas, over R. Palomillas RL? Fernández Casado 1980 D3 N Emerita Augusta, over R. Albarregas RL? Fernández Casado 1980 D4 at Ilip(ou)la RL? Sillières 1990, 692-93 D4 N Lastigi at El Ronquillo, over Ribera del RL? TIR Emerita 135 Huelva D4 La Horadada Piedra at Ribera del Huelva, near RL? TIR Emerita 134-35 La Algaba D5 at Ad Portum, over R. Guadalete RL? Sillières 1990, 691 D5 N Ad Pontem, over R. Suazo RL? Sillières 1990, 691-92 E1 W El Raso near Madrigal de la Vera RL? TIR Caesaraugusta 145 E2 SW Turgalium, over Gibralzo Arroyo RL? Fernández Casado 1980 E2 S Turgalium, over R. Magasca RL? Fernández Casado 1980 E3 near Metellinum, over R. Guadiana RL? Gazzola 1968, 182-83 E4 N U(r)gia at Alcantarillas, over R. Saldo de RL? Sillières 1990, 664-72 Móron E4 near Carmo RL? Fernández Casado 1980; O’Connor 1993, 104 F4 at Corduba, over R. Guadalquivir RL? Sillières 1990, 659-64 F4 1.5 miles W Corduba, over Arroyo de RL? Sillières 1990, 681-87 Pedroche F4 NE Ad Aras, over R. Guadalmazán RL? Sillières 1990, 690 F4 S Corduba at Puente Viejo, over R. Guadajoz RL? Sillières 1990, 689-90 F4 at Ad Decumum, over R. Guadalmellato See Map 27 F4 NE Corduba See Map 27 F4 Campillo Bajo See Map 27

Centuriation

Grid Location Period Reference

D2 around Mérida (2) RL Gorges 1982; TIR Emerita 40

Dam

Grid Location Period Reference

F1 NE Caesarobriga See Map 27 432 MAP 26 LUSITANIA-BAETICA

Roads

Grid Name / Itinerary Period References

E4 Via Augusta: Hispalis → Carmo → Astigi → HRL Sillières 1990, 291-99, 303-16 Corduba

Abicada → N RL Alarcão 1988 I, 58 Ad Aras → Ulia RL Sillières 1990, 505 Aritium → *Igaeditania? R Alarcão 1988 I, 57 Astigi → Munda → Ilipula Minor → Carteia HR Sillières 1990, 422-30 (B)Aesuris → Balsa → Ossonoba → RL Alarcão 1988 I, 58 Lacobriga → SW Carmo → Naeva RL Sillières 1990, 504-505 Collippo → Sellium R Alarcão 1988 I, 60-61 Collippo → Eburobrittium R Alarcão 1988 I, 60-61 Corduba → Baedro → Cerro de las Monas → RL Sillières 1990, 496-500 Map 27 Corduba → Cabeza de Vaca → Artigi → RL Sillières 1990, 453-66; CIL 2.2.7, 202 Emerita Augusta Corduba → Naeva → Hispalis RL Sillières 1990, 323-26; CIL 2.2.7, xviii, 1 Corduba → Oducia → Hispalis RL Sillières 1990, 326-28 Corduba → Ulia (Fidentia) → Ipagrum → RL Sillières 1990, 412-20 Map 27 Ebora → Estremoz → Emerita R Alarcão 1988 I, 56 Ebora → Pax Iulia RL Alarcão 1988 I, 57 Emerita Augusta → Contributa Iulia RL Sillières 1990, 466-73 Ugultunia → Regina→ Astigi Emerita Augusta → Lobón → Scallabis → RL Alarcão 1988 I, 57; TIR Emerita 10 Olisipo Emerita Augusta → Mirobriga → Cerro de la RL Sillières 1990, 373-82 Monas → Map 27 Emerita Augusta → Norba → Capera → Map RL Roldán Hervás 1975, 81-86 24 Emerita Augusta → Turgalium → RL Roldán Hervás 1975, 86-87 Augustobriga → Map 24 Gades → B(a)elo → Carteia → Cilniana → RL Sillières 1990, 339-61 Map 27 Hispalis → Asido → Carteia RL Sillières 1990, 430-41 Hispalis → Sal(pens)a R Sillières 1990, 509-10 Hispalis → Urso → Singili(a) Barba → Map RL Sillières 1990, 400-12 27 Ierabriga vicinity R Alarcão 1988 I, 50; II.2, 118 Italica → *Urium? → Pax Iulia RL Sillières 1990, 500-502 Italica → Caura R Sillières 1990, 325-26 Italica → Emerita Augusta RL Sillières 1990, 474-90 Italica → Ostium fl. Anae RL Sillières 1990, 328-38 (I)Tucci → *Urium? RL Sillières 1990, 518-19 Mellaria → Turirecina R CIL 2.2.7, 181, 202 Metallum Vipascense → Castelo de Garvão R Alarcão 1988 I, 58 → SE Metallum Vipascense → Mirobriga → Sines R Alarcão 1988 I, 58 Norba → Alcántara → Igaeditania? R TIR Emerita 10-11 Norba → Metellinum R TIR Emerita 10-11 Norba → Turgalium R TIR Emerita 10-11 O(sso)noba → Tharsis R Sillières 1990, 519-20 O(sso)noba → Turobriga → Pax Iulia RL Sillières 1990, 441-51 Obulcula → Celti? RL Sillières 1990, 504 Olisipo → Ierabriga → Scallabis → Sellium RL Alarcão 1988 I, 50-51; TIR Emerita 10 → Conimbriga → Aeminium Olisipo → Salacia → Ebora → Emerita RL Alarcão 1988 I, 56; 1988a, 98 Olisipo → Savem R Alarcão 1988 I, 50 MAP 26 LUSITANIA-BAETICA 433

Grid Name / Itinerary Period References

Scallabis → Tubucci → Aritium → Ad RL Alarcão 1988 I, 56-57 Septem Aras → Emerita Salacia → Herdade do Monte do Outeiro → R Alarcão 1988 I, 57; 1988a, 100 Pax Iulia Singili(a) Barba → Iluro → Cartima RL Sillières 1990, 420-22 Urso → Ostippo → Map 27 R Sillières 1990, 511

Unlocated Toponyms (excluding those mentioned only by Avienus, for which see separate list below)

Name Period Probable Location Reference

Abobrica = Avobriga Ad Atrum/ R near Évora? POR TIR Emerita 23-24 Ad Adrum fl. Agla (Minor?)/ R S R. Guadalquivir Tovar 1974, 120, 181 Asyla? Aigoua? = Aspavia? Akkabikon Teichos L town near Gibraltar Tovar 1974, 73 Al(...)iensium (res R near Niebla? Wiegels 1985, 12-13 publica?) Antonianum Metallum R Schulten 1955, 492 Apeilokarion R POR Tovar 1976, 269 Apiobic(...) R? POR Tovar 1976, 269 Arabriga R? POR Tovar 1976, 269 Aradoukta R POR Alarcão 1988 I, 137; TIR Emerita 28, 32 Araducca R POR Alarcão 1988 I, 139; TIR Emerita 32 Arbua R? POR Alarcão 1988 I, 137 Arcobriga H?R POR TIR Emerita 33 Arialdunum R S R. Guadalquivir Tovar 1974, 138 Arkilakis (1) R Tovar 1974, 181 Arkilakis (2) R Tovar 1974, 181 Arsa HR near Esparragosa and Malpartida Tovar 1974, 92; CIL 2.2.7 p. 207 de la Serena? Aspavia?/ HR in conventus Astigitanus Tovar 1974, 117 Aigoua? Astapa HRL S Ostippo? not Estepa Caballos Rufino 1996, 255 (n. 25); A.U. Stylow Astigi Vetus?/ HR Tovar 1974, 113, 138 Eiskadia? Asyla? = Agla (Minor?) Avobriga/ R POR Alarcão 1988a, 225 (n. 8) Abobrica

Baedorus R POR Alarcão 1988 I, 137 Baeg(...)?/ HR in conventus Hispalensis Tovar 1974, 152 Baikor? Baetis H town in conventus Hispalensis Tovar 1974, 181 Baikor? = Baeg(...)? Bardili R NW Alentejo? POR TIR Emerita 43 Bardili Turduli R tributary tribe in Lusitania Tovar 1976, 201, 269; TIR Emerita 43 Braitolaion R POR TIR Emerita 45 Bastuli R POR TIR Emerita 43 Baxon(...) R in conventus Astigitanus Tovar 1974, 182; CIL 2.2.7, 51 Belippo/ R in conventus Gaditanus Tovar 1974, 84 Besaro Binaria=CastraVinaria Bretiande R in conventus Scallabitanus POR Curchin 1990, 169 Brona R in conventus Gaditanus Tovar 1974, 85 Brutobriga R? in conventus Scallabitanus POR Curchin 1990, 169 Burrulobriga R? POR D’Encarnação 1984, 633, 747 434 MAP 26 LUSITANIA-BAETICA

Name Period Probable Location Reference

Bursavo H in conventus Cordubensis Tovar 1974, 101-102

Cabenses R Cortijo de El Tajo (Teba)? forged Tovar 1974, 182 inscription? Caeciliana RL possibly near Setúbal? POR TIR Emerita 48 Cairieses R? near Zebeira? POR Tovar 1976, 250 Calecula/ R N R. Guadalquivir, in Turdetania Tovar 1974, 136 Kallikoula Callet R in conventus Gaditanus Tovar 1974, 85 Canabulla R false toponym? Ponsich 1974 II, 109 Carpesia H Tovar 1974, 72 Castellum Serma(n)celes? R? POR Alarcão 1988 I, 139 Castra Gemella = Castra Vinaria Castra Gemina R in conventus Astigitanus Tovar 1974, 130-31 Castra Servilia HR in area of Cáceres POR TIR Emerita 58 Castra Vinaria/ R in conventus Astigitanus Tovar 1974, 131-32 Binaria/ Castra Gemella Cauli(ni)ana L 8 miles from Mérida Tovar 1976, 230 Caviclum R in conventus Gaditanus Tovar 1974, 80 Cedripo R Tovar 1974, 135 Celduba R Ponsich 1974 I, 28; A. Caballos Ceparia R near Seville? Tovar 1974, 144 Ceturgi R near Rute? Tovar 1974, 123 Chretina R POR TIR Emerita 63 Cinginnia R? POR Tovar 1976, 270 Civitas Mirietanorum R? POR Tovar 1976, 215 Colarnum R W Alentejo? POR Alarcão 1988 I, 135 Concordia R in Sorraia valley? POR Alarcão 1988a, 221 (n. 20); TIR Emerita 65-66

Deobriga R? POR Tovar 1976, 271 Dipo RL POR TIR Emerita 74-75

Eberobriga HR Talaván? TIR Emerita 150 Ebura Cerialis R in conventus Hispalensis Tovar 1974, 182 Eiskadia? = Astigi Vetus? Elbocoris R POR TIR Emerita 76-77 Elbysinioi/ CH bewteen W Andalusian R. Iberus Tovar 1974, 24-25 Olbysioi and Cartare Is.? Esttledunum R in conventus Astigitanus? Tovar 1974, 138

Fatela H?R near Fundão POR Alarcão 1988 II.1, 71 Faventia/ HRL in conventus Astigitanus Tovar 1974, 62 Vesci Fraxinum RL possibly near Comenda? POR Alarcão 1988 I, 57; TIR Emerita 81

Gemella H S R. Guadalquivir Tovar 1974, 119 Geraia RL between Mérida and Medellín Tovar 1976, 231 Gletes/ C W R. Tinto and N Conii Tovar 1974, 25 Tletes/ Igletes

Halo = Ilipula Laus Helo = Ilipula Laus (H)Istinium R Tovar 1976, 240

Igletes = Gletes Ilipula Laus/ HR S R. Guadalquivir Galsterer 1971, 66; Tovar 1974, 139 Ilipoula Megale/ Halo/ Helo MAP 26 LUSITANIA-BAETICA 435

Name Period Probable Location Reference

Ipora HR in conventus Cordubensis? Tovar 1974, 108 Istinium = (H)Istinium Ituci = I(p)tuci

Kaikila R in conventus Hispalensis Tovar 1974, 182 Kaipiana R possibly near Setúbal? POR TIR Emerita 48 Kairiana R in conventus Hispalensis TIR Emerita 43 Kallikoula = Calecula Kanaka R in conventus Hispalensis TIR Emerita 52 Katraleukos R between Beja and Sines; Alarcão 1988 I, 135; TIR Emerita 59 Alvalade? POR Kelkiani C between W Andalusian R. Iberus Tovar 1974, 25 and Cartare Is. Konistorgis R near Ourique? POR Alarcão 1988 II.3, 197; TIR Emerita 66 Kontobris H?R POR TIR Emerita 67 Kotinai/ HR N R. Guadalquivir in Turdetania? Tovar 1974, 50 Oleastron Koursou R in conventus Hispalensis? Tovar 1974, 179

Lacca R in conventus Gaditanus? Tovar 1974, 66 Lacipaea RL Tovar 1976, 232 Laepia Regia HR Tovar 1974, 64 Lancienses Transcudani R POR TIR Emerita 98 Langobriga R? above R. Vouga near Fiães POR Tovar 1976, 257-58; Alarcão 1988 II.2, 91 Lastigi HR in conventus Hispalensis? Tovar 1974, 167 Lauare R POR TIR Emerita 99 Lennium R? POR Tovar 1976, 271 Leuciana = Likiniana Libora RL between Toledo and Talavera la Tovar 1989, 235 Vieja Licabrum H Tovar 1974, 121 Likiniana/ R/ TIR Emerita 99 Leuciana RL Lisangl(...) R POR Tovar 1976, 271 Lomondo/ RL in area of Talavera la Vieja Tovar 1976, 235 Lomundo Lubanc(...) R near Condeixa-a-Velha POR Tovar 1976, 262

Manliana R in area of Coria and Cáparra TIR Emerita 104 *Mariorum M. R Almadén de la Plata? TIR Emerita 105; González Fernández 1996 El Ronquillo? Marruca HR Tovar 1974, 117-18; A.U. Stylow Maxilua HR in conventus Hispalensis Tovar 1974, 151 Mendikouleia R POR TIR Emerita 107 Meribriga/ R Odemira? POR TIR Emerita 108 Merobriga Montobrica/ L possibly near Arronches? POR Alarcão 1988 I, 57; TIR Emerita 113 Montobriga/ Mundobriga Moron HR? in Chões de Alpompé? POR Alarcão 1988 II.2, 115; TIR Emerita 63 Mullicensis Praefectura R in area of Mérida Tovar 1976, 234 Mundobriga = Montobrica Municipium Flavium R Galsterer 1971, 66 (...)ipa

Obila R POR Tovar 1976, 272 Oelun(...) R in conventus Astigitanus Tovar 1974, 183 Olbysioi = Elbysinioi Oleastron = Kotinai Oningi/ R Tovar 1974, 126; A.U. Stylow Onici Osca R in coventus Astigitanus? Tovar 1974, 134 Otobesa R? POR Tovar 1976, 272 436 MAP 26 LUSITANIA-BAETICA

Name Period Probable Location Reference

Ouelladis R POR TIR Emerita 161 Ouogia R in conventus Cordubensis Tovar 1974, 108-109 Oxthrakai R POR Tovar 1976, 272

Perbriga R?L POR TIR Emerita 126 Pinetum RL POR Alarcão 1988 I, 139 Polibedenses R? POR Tovar 1976, 248 Pyrgoi Leukoi HR Alvito between Beja and Evora? TIR Emerita 133 POR

Rodacis L between Rena and Medellín? Tovar 1976, 233

Sabesola L in conventus Gaditanus? Tovar 1974, 74; Sillières 1990, 33, 342 Sacrana R in conventus Astigitanus Tovar 1974, 51 Salar R in conventus Gaditanus? Tovar 1974, 86 Sallaecus R? POR Tovar 1976, 272 Salmyka CH near Pillars of Hercules Tovar 1974, 73 Samariense Metallum R Schulten 1955, 492 Segovia H Tovar 1974, 113-14; A.U. Stylow Sel(ambina) R in conventus Gaditanus Tovar 1974, 82-83 Selia R in conventus Astigitanus Tovar 1974, 139 Serpa R in conventus Hispalensis Tovar 1974, 170 Siccaena R in conventus Astigitanus Tovar 1974, 139 Singiliensis Pagus R in conventus Astigitanus Tovar 1974, 127 Spalis H in conventus Astigitanus Tovar 1974, 121 Spoletinon R in conventus Hispalensis Tovar 1974, 166 Statio Sacra L between Tavira and Faro? POR TIR Emerita 148 Suburbanus Pagus R Tovar 1974, 177

Talabrica/ RL 40 miles N Coimbra? POR TIR Emerita 150 Talabriga?/ Talabara? Tapori R in Lusitania POR Tovar 1976, 201, 252; TIR Emerita 151 Tapori/ R tribe, possibly around Castelo Tovar 1976, 252 Talori Branco Tema/ RL near Seville, across R. Tovar 1974, 170; Sillières 1990, 329 Thema Guadalquivir Tletes = Gletes Translucanus Pagus R Tovar 1974, 177 Tribola H in conventus Gaditanus Tovar 1974, 62 Trite L near Pillars of Hercules? Tovar 1974, 74 Tucci Vetus R in conventus Cordubensis Tovar 1974, 120 Turdetum/ H in conventus Hispalensis Tovar 1974, 150 Turta

Ugia Martia R Torres de Alocaz? Wiegels 1985, 61 (n. 3); TIR Emerita 163 Unditanum R in conventus Astigitanus Tovar 1974, 140 Veneriensis Ager R near Sanlúcar de Barrameda? Tovar 1974, 53

Vescelia H in conventus Gaditanus Tovar 1974, 62 Vesci = Faventia Vicus Baedorus R? POR Tovar 1976, 262

Xera AC in area of Pillars of Hercules Tovar 1974, 73 MAP 26 LUSITANIA-BAETICA 437

Names found only in Avienus

Name Modern Name / Location Reference

Argentarius M./ Sierra del Pinar THA 85-86, 91-92 Cassius M. (259, 291) Barbetium Iugum (425) Cape Calaburras at W end of Gulf of Málaga THA 117 Calacticus Sinus (424) Guadiana mouth? Bay of Algeciras? THA 116-17 Cartare Ins. (255) area between E mouth of R. Guadalquivir and THA 85; TIR Emerita 54-55 R. Guadalete; Erythea? Cempsi (301) people between Etmanes and Ileates in Cádiz THA 96; TIR Emerita 61 province Chrysus fl. (419) R. Guadiaro, E Gibraltar; Barbesula fl.? THA 115 Cilbiceni (303) coastal area in Cádiz province in the area of THA 97 ConildelaFronteraandVejerdelaFrontera Cilbus fl. (320) Salado de Conil between Cádiz and Trafalgar THA 100; TIR Emerita 63 Etmanes (300) people on left bank of R. Guadalete, toward THA 92 mouth Etrephaea Palus (244) at mouth of Río Tinto; palaeo-estuary of THA 83 R. Odiel Fani Pr. (261) SE angle of Cártare Is. THA 86 Gerontis Arx (304) Colina de S. Fernando, near Bay of Cádiz THA 97 Herbi Civitas (244) Huelva THA 84; TIR Emerita 88 Herma (323) rocks near Cape Trafalgar THA 101-102 Hiberus fl. (248) Río Tinto THA 84 Ileates (302) N Cempsi, between R. Guadalquivir and R. THA 96 Guadalete Infernae Deae Fanum sanctuary on Colina de Moguer THA 83 (241) Infernae Deae Iugum hill of S. María de la Rábida at mouth of Río THA 84; TIR Emerita 95 (241) Tinto, or Colina de Moguer Libyphoenices (421) coastal area E Straits of Gibraltar; Tovar 1974, 24-25; THA 114-15 Blastophoenices Luna Ins. (367) Bay of Algeciras THA 107 Massieni (422) people in Straits of Gibraltar area Tovar 1974, 24-25; THA 115-16 Ophiussae Ager (196) W-central Iberia THA 73 Sacrum Iugum (323) Cape Trafalgar running into Sierra de Retín THA 100-101 which separates La Janda laguna from the sea near straits Selbyssina (422) people in lower R. Guadalquivir area Tovar 1974, 24-25; THA 115-16 Tartessii Sinus (265) palaeo-estuary of R. Guadalete, from R. Rota THA 88-89 in N to “caño” of S. Petri in S Tartessiorum M. (308) around Medina Sidonia, Chiclana de la THA 97 Frontera and Alcalá de los Gazules Tartessius Ager (224) begins at R. Anas THA 83 Tartessos fl. (284) Guadalquivir TIR Emerita 151 Veneris Marinae Ins. N Cádiz peninsula (contra THA 99) TIR Emerita 32 (315) Veneris, T. (316) on Veneris Marinae Ins. THA 99 Zephyridis Ora (564) areas of Atlantic coast beyond the straits THA 157 438 MAP 26 LUSITANIA-BAETICA

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