GOOD and BAD EXAMPLES Lessons Learned from Working with United Nations Resolution 1325 in International Missions
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GOOD AND BAD EXAMPLES Lessons learned from working with United Nations Resolution 1325 in international missions Good and bad examples presents protection) within the frame- purpose of sharing and learning concrete examples of how per- work of their own mandates. We from their experiences. We hope sonnel in civilian or military op- interviewed people from both that their stories can provide erations can work to promote civilian and military authorities support and inspiration for how the rights and involvement of who have taken part in inter- the contents of Resolution 1325 women (and subsequently their national assignments with the can be realised in practice. Good and Bad Examples is a booklet published in 2007 by Genderforce, a joint project between the Swedish Armed CONTENTS Forces, the National Rescue Services Agency, the Swedish Introduction: UN Resolution 1325 in practice Police Service, the Swedish 3 Women’s Voluntary Defence – putting words into action Service, the Association of Glossary Military Officers in Sweden 5 and the Kvinna till Kvinna Foundation. 7 Strengthening local policewomen This booklet is available as a Mona Nordberg, Swedish Police Service PDF at the following addres- ses: 10 Female police officers inspire more trust www.iktk.se Anna Lena Barth, Swedish Police Service www.raddningsverket.se www.polisen.se 12 The effects of stress, alcohol and peer pressure on ethics www.mil.se Max Lutteman, Swedish Police Service www.officersforbundet.se www.utlandsportalen.se 14 Rape victims prefer to contact female police officers www.lottorna.se Ann-Julie Lindahl, Swedish Police Service www.genderforce.se Interviews 16 The goals of gender equality work must be visualised Annika Flensburg, Anna Westerholm, Ministry for Foreign Affairs Kvinna till Kvinna Foundation, and Patrik Jansson, 19 UN observers demonstrated on International Women’s Day Swedish Rescue Services Lena Sundh, Ministry for Foreign Affairs Agency Text production 21 Women’s Centre gave breathing space Åsa Nyquist Eva Segerström, Save the Children Photos Danne Eriksson, front. 23 Women can provide valuable information Forsvarets bildbyrå, Anja Edvardsson p. 27, 36 Eva-Lena Lindbäck, Swedish Rescue Services Agency Andreas Karlsson p. 30, 30, 32 25 As a woman you have to be “boring” Tobias Larsson p. 34 Back, Monica Leckne p. 38, 39, Sofia Albrechtsson, Swedish Rescue Services Agency Steffanie Müller p. 36 Back, Adopting a gender perspective from the beginning Ulf Petersson p. 24, 39 27 Kristofer Sandberg p. 24 Marie Nilsson, Swedish Rescue Services Agency Charlotte Isaksson p. 18 Istockphoto p. 9, 13 28 Resolution 1325 increases efficiency Lisa Lidén p. 32, 34 Karl Engelbrektson, Swedish Armed Forces Kvinna till Kvinna, Back Marie Nilsson p. 26, 26 31 Heterogeneous groups work better Mona Nordberg p. 6, 6, 7, 7 Anders Brännström, Swedish Armed Forces MONUC p. 18, Back OSSE p. 15, 16 33 Thorn in the warden’s eye Swedish Police Service, Elisabeth, Swedish Armed Forces Christer Drangel p. 9 Swedish Rescue Services Agency p. 22 35 Focus on areas that give the best results Eva Segerström p. 20, 20 Fredric Westerdahl, Swedish Armed Forces Stock.xchng p. 11, 11 Design 37 Security is not just tanks and planes Micael Bäckström Görgen Karlehav, Swedish Armed Forces Print Trycksaksmäklaren, 39 Too much “moralizing” before deployment Uppsala, Sweden 2007 Lars Wetterskog, Swedish Armed Forces The booklet is printed on environmental friendly paper. 42 Appendix: United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325 ISBN 978-91-976813-1-5 OFFICERSFÖRBUNDET 2. Good and bad examples has been produced within the framework of Genderforce. Gen- derforce is a partly EU-financed joint project (2005–2007) between the Swedish Armed Forces, the Kvinna till Kvinna Foundation, the Swedish Women’s Voluntary Defence Service, the Association of Military Officers in Sweden, the Swedish Police Service and the Swedish Rescue Services Agency in response to UN Security Council Resolution 1325. The purpose is to improve Swedish international operations and missions in areas of crisis and conflict by increasing women’s involvement in peace support and recons- truction processes, and in the actual operations and missions. UN RESOLUTION 1325 IN PRACTICE – putting words into action For people in areas of crisis and conflict, the women and only provide security for half of support provided by international operations the population. is often greatly needed. The operations help maintain security and create opportunities The UN Security Council specifically for people to build a future when the crisis addressed this problem in 2000 by adop- subsides. ting Resolution 1325 on women, peace and The presence of the international commu- security. The resolution maintains that nity also affects power structures in the area, equal participation by women is essential which means that the design of the internatio- for achieving lasting peace and security. nal support directly affects the future of the In 2006, the Swedish Government adopted affected community. The issues at stake are a national action plan for Resolution 1325 who receives the international community’s which establishes that each concerned resources, who is invited to take part in negoti- authority, including the Swedish Armed ations and thereby recognized as an important Forces, the Swedish Police Service and player, who gives and receives information the Swedish Rescue Services Agency, is re- and what security threats are identified and sponsible for integrating 1325 into its own prioritised? operations. The prioritised areas are: Making international support in areas of crisis • Women in conflict areas participate fully and conflict more effective and contributing to on equal terms as men and at all levels in long-term stability and peace requires that all conflict prevention, peace building and of the different groups in the affected area are reconstruction processes, as well as huma- heard and respected. This applies to all stages nitarian operations. of the operation - planning, design, implemen- • The protection of women’s rights in conflict tation and evaluation. Experience also shows areas will be guaranteed. that women and girls are often marginalised • More women take part in international and overlooked in peace and security issues. peace- and security building operations. This is because they often lack access to for- mal decision-making processes, regardless The question is, however, what this actually of their social standing. As a result, analyses means in practice - how can words be put into of the security situation, needs and required action. What does protection for women and measures are unbalanced. There is a risk that girls mean, and how can women become in- support will reinforce the discrimination of volved? What does this mean for individuals, 3. civilian or military, who work in areas of crisis with peace and security issues in general and conflict? Can tasks be implemented in new and Resolution 1325 specifically. ways when mandates remain the same? The texts are based entirely on the stories of Good and bad examples presents concrete people we interviewed. They show how both examples of how personnel in civilian or civil and military assignments provide good military operations can work to promote opportunities for working practically with the rights and involvement of women (and Resolution 1325. The discussion questions at subsequently their protection) within the the end of each interview are based on some of framework of their own mandates. We inter- the issues that emerge. The aim of these ques- viewed people from both civilian and mili- tions is to encourage reflection and discussion tary authorities who have taken part in in- around Resolution 1325 and how this work can ternational assignments with the purpose of be developed. sharing and learning from their experiences. We hope that their stories can provide sup- Annika Flensburg, port and inspiration for how the contents of Kvinna till Kvinna Foundation, Resolution 1325 can be realised in practice. Patrik Jansson, This publication is primarily intended for Swedish Rescue Services Agency people who will take part in international assignments and their instructors. It deals 4. GLOSSARY CIMIC Civil-Military Cooperation) Dayton Agreement Peace agreement from 1995 between Bosnia and Herzegovina, Yugoslavia and Croatia DDR Disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration DRC Democratic Republic of the Congo ECHO European Commission’s Humanitarian Aid Department ENP European Network of Policewomen EU The European Union EUPM European Union Police Mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina Gender A social construction of what is considered feminine and masculine. This construction changes over place and time. Heraldic symbols Symbolic characters on a weapon (emblem), designed according to heraldic rules Hezbollah Shi’a Islamic organisation based in Lebanon Human Resources Personnel department Human trafficking Trade with people, primarily for sexual exploitation or forced labour IPTF International Police Task Force ISAF International Security Assistance Force, international peace support force in Afghanistan that operates under UN mandate KFOR Kosovo Force, NATO-led mission of four Multi National Task Forces in Kosovo Liasion officer A person with liaison functions MONUC The UN peace support mission in DRC 5. MILF Moro Islamic Liberation Front, a Muslim separatist rebel group on the island of Mindanao in the Philippines MOT Military Observer Team, alternatively Mobile Observation