a 7.90 D 14974 E D European & Security ES & Defence 3/2018 International Security and Defence Journal ISSN 1617-7983 • www.euro-sd.com • April 2018 Regional Focus: The Black Sea Close Air Support Danish Turnaround Force Multipliers The new Defence Agreement suggests additional Combat drones have entered service in several funding for the armed forces. European armed forces. Politics · Armed Forces · Procurement · Technology MQ-9B SkyGuardian DESIGNED FOR EUROPEAN AIRSPACE • Sovereign capability and NATO interoperability • 40+ hours endurance • Modular payloads up to 2,177 kilograms • Enables European Basing Options • From a family of UAS with more than 5 million flight hours Multi Role - Single Solution www.ga-asi.com ©2018 General Atomics Aeronautical Systems, Inc. Leading The Situational Awareness Revolution 1804_European Security and Defence (Apr)_v2_Engl.indd 1 4/5/2018 3:20:47 PM Editorial Following the Yellow BRIC Road A lot of water has flowed under the bridge make sure that both sides reach a balanced since the world, and not least the world’s resolution as to the “type” of Brexit we will defence industry, looked to Brazil, Russia, all enjoy. “Hard” or “soft” there will be peo- India and China as its economic saviours. ­­ ple who think they have won, and people The world still seeks truth and certainty who think they have lost. The fact remains in frightening and inconstant times, but it that the Brexit vote was never a vote against appears to us as interested but clearly un- Europe, but was a vote primarily against Brus- informed observers that our political elites sels, spiced with a reaction against German- engender hopelessness and disillusion: our driven refugee policies. leaders are not up to expectations. And spice of course brings us back to that Over the last few years we have seen Brazil’s sweeping generalisation about India with economy surrounded by failure, Brazil itself which we started. An apology is perhaps by no means immune to budgetary hardship, due, and is duly offered, but considering the and now a former president behind bars. dire situation of the Indian military in terms of Russia has become one of the prime drivers equipment, training, pensions and support, of fear and uncertainty in Europe; and India much of the responsibility for these goes continues to bow to the whims and peccadil- back directly to successive governments. Re- loes of social, religious, political and industrial peated secession of “non-strategic territory” structures that are far from sufficient for a in the northeast of the country in the face of modern, competitive world. Only China pros- Chinese expansionism does not strengthen pers, but that is a prosperity that many in the any Indian hand. The apparent inability of the West view with trepidation. big DPSUs to deliver adequate hardware with Russia presents something of a dilemma: its which to fight is a reflection of inefficiencies actions in the Ukraine and the Crimea contin- at all levels: the inability of private industry ue to be fundamentally illegal, and its support to compete is largely a systemic problem of the Assad regime is not without its detrac- created by the procurement process in India: tors; but regarding the latter, there is plenty the inability of the authorities to define, of evidence of the consequences of well- acquire and deliver the necessary materiel is meaning but misguided regime-change pur- a consequence of an administrative system/ suits by “the West,” in Egypt, Libya and Iraq burden that has all but brought the country for example, and preserving the status quo to a standstill – coupled with a malleable ap- seems a far better endeavour then anything proach to “corruption” that is at odds with we have attempted in the region to date. international (read “Western”) standards. It And on the available logic the latest “chemical is surely possible to create a system that al- weapons” attacks of April 2018 are unlikely to lows due recognition for services rendered be an act of the regime’s forces; so it is equally without having to go off the books or under logical that a hasty Western response will be the table – or to jail. But the biggest Indian misinformed and misguided at best. defence procurement challenge is managing The Syrian question brings two more players the relationship with foreign industry, and to the fore: Turkey and the USA. In Turkey, despite numerous attempts to build and then Mr Erdogan’s own regime-building continues tweak an appropriate legal and practical to be effective, but at what cost? Organisa- structure there has always been that one lit- tions such as the military and the SSM require tle impracticality: insisting that a foreign part- experts, not bureaucrats, and while locking ner be wholly liable for the work of its Indian away critics and intellectuals has certain ben- partner was just one example. efits, it does tend to diminish the credibility of With DEFEXPO looming as this edition those doing the locking. goes to print, we profoundly hope that Mr On the subject of Western democracy let Modi’s initiatives will bear fruit, and that In- us address the Brexit question. The frame- dia will be able to step forward as a major work for the British vote may have been supplier of security and defence both re- inadequate, and the definition of “victory” gionally and globally: the essence is clarity left entirely inappropriate, but the result, and simplicity, which become worthy goals although tight, was clear. Brexit will happen, in themselves. and all that Europe and the UK have to do is Stephen Barnard April 2018 · European Security & Defence 1 Content SECURITY POLICY 37 Status Report: The Ukrainian Navy Eugene Kogan 12 New Trends or Post-Soviet Heritage? 40 The Romanian Air Force Slovak Security Policy in 2018 Georg Mader Tomáš Čižik 44 Bulgarian Procurement and Arms Exports 16 Can CEFTA Be the Lifeboat for Georgia and Eugene Kogan Ukraine's EU Membership? Beka Kiria and Gunther Fehlinger 20 In Limbo: Russia's Policy ARMED FORCES in the Nagorniy Karabakh Conflict 48 New Danish Defence Agreement Gayane Novikova Jørgen Bo Leimand 54 “We experience a new wave of tension REGIONAL FOCUS: BLACK SEA under the sea.” Interview with Admiral James G. Foggo III, 23 Security Developments in the Wider Black Commander of the US Naval Forces Europe-Africa Sea Region Priorities of the Romanian Armed Forces 55 NATO Keeps up its ASW Guard Nicolae-Ionel Ciucă Guy Toremans 27 Bulgarian Armed Forces in the Context of Security 57 “Our biggest concern is certainly the Challenges in the Black Sea Region capability of our forces.” Andrey Botsev Interview with General Tod D. Wolters, Commander US Air Forces in Europe – Air Forces Africa (USAFE-AFAFRICA) 30 Defence Reform in Ukraine Alex Horobets 33 Black Sea Region: Turkish Interests and Strategies Korhan Özkilinc ARMAMENT & TECHNOLOGY 60 Aspects of Water Management in the Field Index of Advertisers Tim Guest 65 The Technology Revolution that Drives AAD 47 the Drone Evolution Arms & Security 39 Tamir Eshel AVIASVIT 36 BSDA 25 70 Combat Drones Become a Mainstay in European Armed Forces Diehl Aerosystems 81 Peter Austermann Eurofighter 4th cover FMV 93 73 A New Case for CAS Future Artillery 10 Tamir Eshel General Atomics Aeronautical 2nd cover General Dynamics European Land Systems 23 77 GLOBALEYE – the Endgame for Stealth? HEMUS 45 Georg Mader Hirtenberger Defence Systems 3 79 Army Helicopter Requirements Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI) 3rd cover Sidney E. Dean IDEAS 114 IDEB 14 84 Sharp Teeth for Attack Helicopters INFODAS 7, 11 Doug Richardson ITEC 95 88 Rotary Wing Simulation and Training Lockheed Martin 59 William Carter MSPO 71 NCT Europe 64 92 Air Force Simulation: An Update PBS Velka Bites 9, 69 William Carter Raytheon 91 96 Maintainer Training Systematic 49 William Carter Textron 67 UDT 105 99 Hybrid Forces for Close Quarter Battle (CQB) WEW - A Thielmann Company 61 John Antal Wiley X 5, 51 2 European Security & Defence · April 2018 INDUSTRY & MARKETS THE BRUSSELS BACKDROP 102 European Shipyards: 52 NATO’s Resolute Support Mission How to Remain Competitive? in Afghanistan: an Interim Review Giulia Tilenni Joris Verbeurgt 106 “Eurosatory is the uncontested leader in its domain.” Interview with Patrick Colas des Francs, VIEWPOINT FROM … Director of COGES Event. 15 Berlin 108 Modernisation of Heckler & Koch's Wolfgang Labuhn Production Facilities Waldemar Geiger 18 Athens Dimitrios Angelopoulos 110 “Dyneema ®, the Next Generation Ballistic Material” Interview with Wilfrid Gambade, President DSM Dyneema 112 Modernisation and Protection of Armoured Vehicles COLUMNS Gerhard Heiming 1 Editorial 115 “Propulsion units tailored to the customers' needs are the future of engine development for UAS.” 4 Periscope Interview with Karsten Schudt, Managing Director 100 Masthead of 3W-International 116 Firms & Faces 120 Preview Issue 4/2018 The Mortar Company. hds.hirtenberger.com Periscope 2G Robotics Launches New combat proven sight that increases the ef- the start, LED Strobe Panel fectiveness of the soldier. The CompM4 my team (ck) 2G Robotics, a producer of underwa- sight relies on a single AA battery to pro- was looking ter laser scanners and imaging solutions vide a 'constant on' of up to 80,000 hours for the best Photo: Autoflug for the offshore energies, geosciences and or 8 years. Currently, more than 1,500,000 compromise defence industries, has launched a new Aimpoint sights are in use by law enforce- between LED strobe panel, named the NOVA. Pro- ment and military forces around the world. proven tech- viding ultra-bright and even illumination, nology and the NOVA enables users to capture crisp Qatar Buys NH90 innovative images even on very fast AUVs. Based on Helicopters approach- the RAY single LED currently being used (ck) Qatar will buy 28 NH90 military heli- es," said copters to modernise its military helicopter Björn Kan- fleet - 16 NH90s in tactical transport (TTH) storf, Head configuration and 12 NH90s in naval (NFH) of the Busi- configuration.