Romanian 1980s TO&Es v1.2 BATTLEGROUP CWRO-01 Romanian Tank Division 1980s (a)

BATTLEGROUP CWRO-05 x3 Tank Regiment ARMY TROOPS BATTLEGROUP CWRO-06 FIRE SUPPORT ELEMENT CWRO-06 x1 Motor Rifle Regiment Up to x1 Artillery Brigade FIRE SUPPORT ELEMENT CWRO-01 x1 Artillery Regiment x1 Engineer Brigade (d)

BATTLEGROUP CWRO-07 BATTLEGROUP CWRO-08 x1 Self-Propelled Gun Regiment (b) x1 Battalion (e)

BATTLEGROUP CWRO-08 MANOEUVRE ELEMENT CWRO-14 x1 Reconnaissance Battalion (e) Up to x3 SAM Battery (c)

x1 Engineer Battalion (f) MANOEUVRE ELEMENT CWRO-13 Up to x6 Army Antiaircraft Battery (c)

MANOEUVRE ELEMENT CWRO-14 FRONT TROOPS x3 SAM Battery (c) MANOEUVRE ELEMENT CWRO-14 Up to x3 SAM Battery (c) MANOEUVRE ELEMENT CWRO-12 x6 Divisional Antiaircraft Battery (c) MANOEUVRE ELEMENT CWRO-13 (a) The Romanian Army formed the Warsaw Pact’s ‘Danube Front’, Up to x6 Front Antiaircraft Battery (c) comprising four Romanian Armies numbered 1st to 4th. All elements of the Danube Front were 100% Romanian. had steered a course of stubborn independence from Moscow BATTLEGROUP CWRO-07 following the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1968 and did not Up to x5 Antitank Regiment (bg) allow transit by Soviet units, nor did it participate in Warsaw Pact exercises. Romania was therefore at the absolute back of the x2 Mi-4 ‘Hound’ Transport (h) CWWP-117 queue for Soviet weapons technology, though it had an active domestic arms industry, producing various home-grown weapons systems, as well as Soviet, Yugoslav and even French designs x12 Mi-8 ‘Hip’ Transport Helicopter (hi) CWWP-118 under licence. The Romanian Army had two Tank Divisions: The 4th ‘Tudor Vladimiescu’ Tank Division was stationed with 1st x22 IAR-316 Observation Helicopter (hj) CWWP-158 Romanian Army (the strategic reserve) and was rated as Category A in terms of combat-readiness. The 6th Tank Division was x16 IAR-330 (hk) CWWP-154 assigned to 4th Romanian Army in the northwest of the country and was rated Category B. (g) The Romanian Army had a single Antitank Brigade, consisting of (b) The Divisional Self-Propelled Gun Regiment had exactly the x5 Antitank Regiments. same organisation as the Front Antitank Regiments. (h) The had a single Helicopter Regiment (listed (c) Sources don’t agree on the composition of the Air Defence here at full strength), which would allocate to Romanian Regiments, but I’ve opted for the most-commonly quoted 2x AAA formations as required. There were no lower-level helicopter units as battalions and 1x SAM battalion model. However, the number of might be found in other Warpac armies. batteries in each battalion is unknown, so I’ve guessed at three batteries per battalion (i) Some of these Mi-8s might have been Assault Transport Helicopters, in which case replace with: (d) More engineering assets than you can shake a stick at… Mi-8 ‘Hip’ Assault Transport Helicopter CWWP-119

(e) An Army Reconnaissance Battalion was generally organised (j) The IAR-316 was a licence-built, Romanian version of the French exactly the same as a Divisional Reconnaissance Battalion, though SA-316 Alouette III. Some of them were fitted out as Light Attack there were many organisational differences in recce units at all Helicopters with AT-3 ‘Sagger’ ATGMs (see card). levels and it remains a very complicated area of research. (k) The IAR-330 was a licence-built, Romanian version of the French (f) The Divisional Engineer Battalion had a single Divisional Sapper SA-330 Puma. I do not have an in-service date for the IAR-330 and Company that could be considered an ME for game purposes (ME the numbers shown here are circa 1987. In the early 80s these units CWRO-17), while the rest of the battalion consisted of road- may have been equipped with Mi-4 or Mi-8. Some IAR-330 were building, bridging, amphibian, position preparation and demolition equipped as Attack Helicopters. Replace with: equipment, which is unlikely to feature very heavily in a game. IAR-330 Attack Helicopter CWWP-153 BATTLEGROUP CWRO-02 Romanian Motor Rifle Division 1980s (a) ARMY TROOPS BATTLEGROUP CWRO-05 FIRE SUPPORT ELEMENT CWRO-06 x1 Tank Regiment Up to x1 Artillery Brigade (m)

BATTLEGROUP CWRO-06 x1 Engineer Brigade (d) x3 Motor Rifle Regiment

FIRE SUPPORT ELEMENT CWRO-01 BATTLEGROUP CWRO-08 x1 Artillery Regiment x1 Reconnaissance Battalion (e)

BATTLEGROUP CWRO-07 MANOEUVRE ELEMENT CWRO-14 Up to x3 SAM Battery (c) x1 Self-Propelled Gun Regiment (b)

BATTLEGROUP CWRO-08 MANOEUVRE ELEMENT CWRO-13 Up to x6 Army Antiaircraft Battery (c) x1 Reconnaissance Battalion (e)

x1 Engineer Battalion (f) FRONT TROOPS MANOEUVRE ELEMENT CWRO-14 MANOEUVRE ELEMENT CWRO-14 Up to x3 SAM Battery (c) Up to x3 SAM Battery (cl) MANOEUVRE ELEMENT CWRO-13 MANOEUVRE ELEMENT CWRO-12 Up to x6 Front Antiaircraft Battery (c) x6 Divisional Antiaircraft Battery (c) BATTLEGROUP CWRO-07 (a) The Romanian Army had eight Motor Rifle Divisions: 1st MR Up to x5 Antitank Regiment (bg) Division (Cat A) was in reserve with 1st Army, 10th & 23rd MR Divisions (Cat B) were in the northeast with 2nd Army, 2nd MR Division (Cat C) and 9th MR Division (Cat B) were in the south with x2 Mi-4 ‘Hound’ Transport Helicopter (h) CWWP-117 3rd Army, while 11th, 18th and 28th MR Divisions (Cat C) were in the northwest with 4th Army. x12 Mi-8 ‘Hip’ Transport Helicopter (hi) CWWP-118

(b) The Divisional Self-Propelled Gun Regiment had exactly the same organisation as the Front Antitank Regiments. x22 IAR-316 Observation Helicopter (hj) CWWP-158

(c) Sources don’t agree on the composition of the Air Defence x16 IAR-330 Utility Helicopter (hk) CWWP-154 Regiments, but I’ve opted for the most-commonly quoted 2x AAA battalions and 1x SAM battalion model. However, the number of (i) Some of these Mi-8s might have been Assault Transport batteries in each battalion is unknown, so I’ve guessed at three Helicopters, in which case replace with: batteries per battalion Mi-8 ‘Hip’ Assault Transport Helicopter CWWP-119

(d) More engineering assets than you can shake a stick at… (j) The IAR-316 was a licence-built, Romanian version of the French SA-316 Alouette III. Some of them were fitted out as Light Attack (e) An Army Reconnaissance Battalion was generally organised Helicopters with AT-3 ‘Sagger’ ATGMs (see card). exactly the same as a Divisional Reconnaissance Battalion, though there were many organisational differences in recce units at all (k) The IAR-330 was a licence-built, Romanian version of the French levels and it remains a very complicated area of research. SA-330 Puma. I do not have an in-service date for the IAR-330 and the numbers shown here are circa 1987. In the early 80s these units (f) The Divisional Engineer Battalion had a single Divisional Sapper may have been equipped with Mi-4 or Mi-8. Some IAR-330 were Company that could be considered an ME for game purposes (ME equipped as Attack Helicopters. Replace with: CWRO-17), while the rest of the battalion consisted of road- IAR-330 Attack Helicopter CWWP-153 building, bridging, amphibian, position preparation and demolition equipment, which is unlikely to feature very heavily in a game. (l) The Category C Motor Rifle Divisions (2nd, 11th, 18th & 28th) probably did not have SAM Battalions in their divisional Antiaircraft (g) The Romanian Army had a single Antitank Brigade, consisting Regiments, so delete these SAM batteries. of x5 Antitank Regiments. (m) The Romanian Army had only two Artillery Brigades to share (h) The Romanian Air Force had a single Helicopter Regiment between four Armies. As each Artillery Brigade consisted of two (listed here at full strength), which would allocate helicopters to regiments, it is possible that one Regiment was attached to each Romanian formations as required. There were no lower-level Army. helicopter units as might be found in other Warpac armies. BATTLEGROUP CWRO-03 BATTLEGROUP CWRO-04 Romanian Mountain Brigade 1980s (a) Romanian Air Assault Regiment 1980s (a) Command Command HQ x1 Commander CWWP-103 HQ x1 Commander CWWP-103 Transport Transport x1 UAZ-469 Light Utility Vehicle CWWP-86 x1 UAZ-469 Light Utility Vehicle CWWP-86 Forward Air Controller/Recce Forward Air Controller/Recce x1 Forward Observer CWWP-115 x1 Forward Observer CWWP-115 Transport/Recce Transport/Recce x1 UAZ-469 Light Utility Vehicle CWWP-86 x1 UAZ-469 Light Utility Vehicle CWWP-86

BATTLEGROUPS BATTLEGROUPS BATTLEGROUP CWRO-10 BATTLEGROUP CWRO-11 x2 or x3 Mountain Hunter Battalion (b) x3 Air Assault Battalion

MANOEUVRE ELEMENTS MANOEUVRE ELEMENTS MANOEUVRE ELEMENT CWRO-10 MANOEUVRE ELEMENT CWRO-10 x3 Antiaircraft Company x1 Antiaircraft Company

FIRE SUPPORT ELEMENTS MANOEUVRE ELEMENT CWRO-18 FIRE SUPPORT ELEMENT CWRO-12 x1 Airborne Engineer Company Mountain Artillery Battalion MANOEUVRE ELEMENT CWRO-19 (a) The Romanian Army had four Mountain Brigades (Brigada x1 Airborne Antitank Company Vânători de Munté). These brigades were all held in reserve as part of 1st Army and were regarded as the élite of the Romanian FIRE SUPPORT ELEMENTS Armed Forces (indeed, they still are). FIRE SUPPORT ELEMENT CWRO-14 x1 Airborne Mortar Company (b) Sources differ as to whether there were two or three battalions of Vânători de Munté (‘Mountain Hunters) in each brigade. (A) The Romanian Army had a total of three Air Assault Regiments. One was held as Front Troops while another was stationed with 4th Army in the northwest. I don’t know where the third was stationed, but it was probably in reserve with 1st Army. BATTLEGROUP CWRO-05 BATTLEGROUP CWRO-06 Romanian Tank Regiment 1980s (a) Romanian Motor Rifle Regiment 1980s (a) Command Command x1 T-55 K 100mm Command MBT (bc) CWWP-03 HQ x1 Commander CWWP-103 Forward Air Controller/Recce Transport x1 Forward Observer CWWP-115 x1 TAB-71 R450 Command Veh (b) use CWWP-49 Transport/Recce Forward Air Controller/Recce x1 BTR-40 Scout Car (c) CWWP-28 x1 Forward Observer CWWP-115 Transport/Recce BATTLEGROUPS x1 BTR-40 Scout Car (c) CWWP-28 BATTLEGROUP CWRO-09 BATTLEGROUPS x1 Motor Rifle Battalion (d) BATTLEGROUP CWRO-09 MANOEUVRE ELEMENTS x3 Motor Rifle Battalion (a) MANOEUVRE ELEMENT CWRO-01 x3 Tank Battalion MANOEUVRE ELEMENTS MANOEUVRE ELEMENT CWRO-01 x1 Tank Battalion MANOEUVRE ELEMENT CWRO-10 x1 Antiaircraft Company MANOEUVRE ELEMENT CWRO-10 MANOEUVRE ELEMENT CWRO-03 x1 Antiaircraft Company x1 Reconnaissance Company MANOEUVRE ELEMENT CWRO-03 MANOEUVRE ELEMENT CWRO-15 x1 Reconnaissance Company x1 Engineer Company (Tank Regiment) MANOEUVRE ELEMENT CWRO-11 (a) There was no difference between the Tank Regiments in Tank x1 Antitank Company (d) Divisions and those in Motor Rifle Divisions.

(b) In one regiment of 4th Tank Division, may replace command MANOEUVRE ELEMENT CWRO-16 tank with: x1 Engineer Company (Motor Rifle Regiment) T-72 MK 125mm Command MBT CWWP-09 In late 1980s: Replace T-55s in 4th Tank Division and Tank (a) There was no difference between the Motor Rifle Regiments in Regiment of 1st Motor Rifle Division with: Tank Divisions and those in Motor Rifle Divisions until the late TR-85 100mm Main Battle Tank CWWP-143 1980s, when the MLI-84 Infantry Combat Vehicle was brought In Category C Motor Rifle Divisions: Replace tanks with: into service (locally-built BMP-1 variant) and the T-34/85 Medium Tank CWWP-02 battalion/regimental organisations were changed in line with Soviet Tracked Motor Rifle Regiment doctrine. Enough MLI-84 (c) Regimental and Battalion Command Tank variants do not were built to equip six battalions, so my guess is that they have AAMGs. equipped the Motor Rifle Regiment and other Motor Rifle Battalions of the 4th Tank Division. (d) All Romanian Motor Rifle Battalions were organised much the same until the late 1980s, when the MLI-84 Infantry Combat (b) May replace TAB-71 in Category A divisions with: Vehicle (locally-built BMP-1 variant) was introduced. Enough TAB-77 Armoured Personnel Carrier CWWP-140 MLI-84s were built to equip six battalions, so my guess is that Late 1980s: In 4th Tank Division, may replace TAB-71/77 with: they equipped the Motor Rifle Battalions of 4th Tank Division. MLI-84 Infantry Combat Vehicle CWWP-136 In some lower category units, replace TAB-71 with: (e) From mid-1980s, replace FAC’s transport with: BTR-152 Armoured Personnel Carrier CWWP-27 TABC-79A POMA Observation Post Vehicle CWWP-151 BTR-50PU Armoured Command Vehicle CWWP-61 BTR-60PU Armoured Command Vehicle CWWP-62

(c) From mid-1980s, replace FAC’s transport with: TABC-79A POMA Observation Post Vehicle CWWP-151

(d) Not all regiments have a regimental Antitank Company. BATTLEGROUP CWRO-07 BATTLEGROUP CWRO-09 Self-Propelled Gun Regiment or Motor Rifle Battalion (e) Antitank Regiment (a) Command Command HQ x1 Commander CWWP-103 x1 SU-100 100mm Self-Propelled Gun (b) CWWP-14 Transport MANOEUVRE ELEMENTS x1 TAB-71 R450 Command Veh (de) use CWWP-49 Forward Air Controller/Recce MANOEUVRE ELEMENT CWRO-02 x1 Forward Observer CWWP-115 x4 Self-Propelled Gun Company Transport/Recce (a) The same organisation was used by both the five Front-level x1 BTR-40 Scout Car (c) CWWP-28 Antitank Regiments and the divisional-level Self-Propelled Gun MANOEUVRE ELEMENTS Regiments. The difference was one of doctrine – the Antitank Regiments were a ‘fire brigade’ force to counter a penetration by MANOEUVRE ELEMENT CWRO-06 enemy armoured formations, while the SP Gun Regiments were x3 Motor Rifle Company dual-role, intended to both provide antitank defence as well as ATTACHMENTS direct fire support to an assault. x2 AT-3 ‘Sagger’ ATGM Team (f) CWWP-96 (b) In the Self-Propelled Gun Regiments of Category C Divisions: Replace SU-100 with: Transport SU-76 76mm Self-Propelled Gun CWWP-76 x1 TAB-71 APC (df) CWWP-49

x1 B-10 82mm Recoilless Rifle (f) CWWP-81

Transport x1 TAB-71 APC (df) CWWP-49 Organic Fire Support BATTLEGROUP CWRO-08 x4 M-43 82mm Mortar (ag) CWWP-111 Reconnaissance Battalion (a) Transport x4 GAZ-66 Medium Truck (bg) CWWP-87 Command/Recce HQ x1 Commander CWWP-103 (a) May replace M-43 82mm Mortars in some regiments with: Transport/Recce M-43 120mm Mortar CWWP-113 x1 BTR-40 Scout Car (b) CWWP-28 (b) From 1982: May replace 82mm Mortar transport with: Forward Air Controller/Recce TAB-71 AR 82mm Mortar Carrier (g) CWWP-50 x1 Forward Observer CWWP-115 Transport/Recce (c) From mid-1980s: Replace FAC’s transport with: x1 BTR-40 Scout Car (c) CWWP-28 TABC-79A POMA Observation Post Vehicle CWWP-151

MANOEUVRE ELEMENTS (d) In Category A divisions (1st Motor Rifles & 4th Tanks), may replace TAB-71 Armoured Personnel Carriers with: MANOEUVRE ELEMENT CWRO-04 TAB-77 Armoured Personnel Carrier CWWP-140 x1 or x2 Heavy Reconnaissance Company Or in Category C divisions with one of these obsolete APCs: BTR-152 Armoured Personnel Carrier CWWP-27 MANOEUVRE ELEMENT CWRO-05 BTR-50 PK Armoured Personnel Carrier CWWP-28 x1 Scout Car Company BTR-60 P Armoured Personnel Carrier CWWP-29 BTR-60 PA Armoured Personnel Carrier CWWP-30 ATTACHMENTS BTR-60 PB Armoured Personnel Carrier CWWP-31 Recce x2 BRDM-2 RKh NBC Recce Vehicle (d) CWWP-59 (e) By the 1980s there was no distinct ‘Tracked’ or ‘Wheeled’ Motor Rifle Battalion organisation. Romania’s ancient tracked BTR-50 (a) Note that I have absolutely no information on how Romanian fleet had been relegated to low-category formations and had been reconnaissance units were organised, so I have based this replaced by wheeled TAB-71s and TAB-77s. No BMPs had been organisation on the basic Soviet model, using equipment that the bought to fill the tracked capability gap. However, that situation Romanians were known to be using. changed with the introduction of the MLI-84 Infantry Combat Vehicle, which was an improved copy of the BMP-1. However, the (b) May replace BTR-40 with: Romanians only built enough MLI-84s to equip the 4th Tank BRDM-2U Command Vehicle CWWP-60 Division. Therefore, in 4th Tank Division from 1984: May replace Or in mid-1980s with: battalion commander’s vehicle with: TABC-79 CWWP-150 MLI-84 73mm Infantry Combat Vehicle CWWP-136

(c) From mid-1980s, replace FAC’s transport with: (f) In battalions equipped with MLI-84, delete all battalion antitank TABC-79A POMA Observation Post Vehicle CWWP-151 weapons (AT-3 and B-10) and their transports (the MLI-84s have their own integral ATGMs and 73mm guns). (d) Late 1980s: May replace BRDM-2 RKh with: RCH-84 NBC Recce Vehicle use CWWP-151 (g) In battalions equipped with MLI-84, replace all mortars and their transports with: x4 M-43 120mm Mortar CWWP-113 x4 MLVM-AR 120mm Mortar Carrier CWWP-73 BATTLEGROUP CWRO-10 BATTLEGROUP CWRO-11 Mountain Hunter Battalion Air Assault Battalion Command Command HQ x1 Commander CWWP-103 HQ x1 Commander CWWP-103 Transport Transport x1 UAZ-469 Light Utility Vehicle (a) CWWP-86 x1 UAZ-469 Light Utility Vehicle CWWP-86 Forward Air Controller/Recce Forward Air Controller/Recce x1 Forward Observer CWWP-115 x1 Forward Observer CWWP-115 Transport/Recce Transport/Recce x1 UAZ-469 Light Utility Vehicle (a) CWWP-86 x1 UAZ-469 Light Utility Vehicle CWWP-86

MANOEUVRE ELEMENTS MANOEUVRE ELEMENTS MANOEUVRE ELEMENT CWRO-07 MANOEUVRE ELEMENT CWRO-08 x3 Mountain Hunter Company x3 Air Assault Infantry Company ATTACHMENTS ATTACHMENTS x2 AT-3 ‘Sagger’ ATGM Team (b) CWWP-96 x2 AT-3 ‘Sagger’ ATGM Team (a) CWWP-96

Transport Transport x2 UAZ-469 Light Utility Vehicle (ab) CWWP-86 x2 UAZ-469 Light Utility Vehicle (a) CWWP-86

x1 B-10 82mm Recoilless Rifle (b) CWWP-81 x1 B-10 82mm Recoilless Rifle (a) CWWP-81

Transport Transport x1 UAZ-469 Light Utility Vehicle (ab) CWWP-86 x1 UAZ-469 Light Utility Vehicle (a) CWWP-86 Organic Fire Support Organic Fire Support x4 M-43 82mm Mortar (c) CWWP-111 x1 M-43 120mm Mortar CWWP-113 Transport Transport x4 UAZ-469 Light Utility Vehicle (c) CWWP-86 x1 UAZ-469 Light Utility Vehicle CWWP-86

(a) One battalion per brigade is mechanised. May therefore (a) AT-3 and B-10 antitank weapons may be fired from UAZ when replace transport with: mounted. MLVM Mountaineer’s Combat Vehicle CWWP-39 May alternatively replace transport in any battalion with: Pack Mules

(b) AT-3 and B-10 antitank weapons may be fired from UAZ when mounted.

(c) In MLVM-equipped battalions, replace mortars and transport with: x4 M-43 120mm Mortar CWWP-113 x4 MLVM-AR 120mm Mortar Carrier CWWP-73 BATTLEGROUP CWRO-12 MANOEUVRE ELEMENT CWRO-01 Marine Infantry Battalion (a) Tank Battalion (a) Command Command HQ x1 Commander CWWP-103 x1 T-55 K 100mm Command MBT (bc) CWWP-03 Transport x1 TAB-71 R450 Command Vehicle use CWWP-49 x9 T-55 100mm Main Battle Tank (bcd) CWWP-03 Forward Air Controller/Recce x1 Forward Observer CWWP-115 (a) Unlike Soviet Tank Regiments, there was no difference between the Tank Battalions in Tank Regiments and those in Transport/Recce Motor Rifle Regiments. However, the Romanian Army was x1 TAB-71 Armoured Personnel Carrier CWWP-49 constantly short of tanks, so each company consisted only of two platoons, hence the relatively weak tank strength shown here. MANOEUVRE ELEMENTS (b) In one regiment of 4th Tank Division, replace tanks with: MANOEUVRE ELEMENT CWRO-09 T-72 M 125mm Main Battle Tank CWWP-09 x3 Marine Infantry Company In late 1980s: Replace T-55s in 4th Tank Division and Tank ATTACHMENTS Regiment of 1st Motor Rifle Division with: TR-85 100mm Main Battle Tank CWWP-143 x2 AT-3 ‘Sagger’ ATGM Team CWWP-96 In Category C Motor Rifle Divisions: Replace T-55 tanks with: Transport T-34/85 Medium Tank CWWP-02 x1 TAB-71 Armoured Personnel Carrier CWWP-49 (c) Battalion Command Tank variants do not have AAMGs. x1 B-10 82mm Recoilless Rifle CWWP-81 (d) The entire tank battalion normally operates as a single ME. Transport However, in a Tank Battalion organic to a Motor Rifle Regiment, x1 TAB-71 Armoured Personnel Carrier CWWP-49 the battalion may be split into three Company MEs of x3 tanks each, with each Tank Company being attached to a Motor Rifle Organic Fire Support Battalion. Designate one tank in each Tank Company ME as the x1 M-43 82mm Mortar CWWP-111 Company Commander. Transport x1 TAB-71 Armoured Personnel Carrier (b)CWWP-49

(a) The Romanian Navy had a single Marine Infantry Battalion, which MANOEUVRE ELEMENT CWRO-02 was stationed on the Black Sea and could therefore, be deployed to Self-Propelled Gun Company support 2nd Army (northeast) or 3rd Army (southeast). Command x1 SU-100 100mm Self-Propelled Gun (a) CWWP-14 (b) From 1982: Replace mortar platoon transport with: TAB-71 AR 82mm Mortar Carrier CWWP-50 x2 SU-100 100mm Self-Propelled Gun (a) CWWP-14

(a) In the Self-Propelled Gun Regiments of Category C Divisions: Replace SU-100 with: SU-76 76mm Self-Propelled Gun CWWP-76

MANOEUVRE ELEMENT CWRO-03 Reconnaissance Company Command/Recce x1 BRDM-1 Scout Car (a) CWWP-54 Recce x2 BRDM-1 Scout Car (b) CWWP-54 Recce x1 or x2 PT-76 76mm Light Tank CWWP-01 Recce x1 PK Light CWWP-109 Transport/Recce x1 Motorcycle Combination CWWP-85

(a) May replace command BRDM-1 with: BRDM-2 U Command Scout Car CWWP-60 Or from mid-1980s with: TABC-79 Reconnaissance APC CWWP-150

(b) May replace BRDM-1 scout cars with: BRDM-2 Armoured Car CWWP-55 Or in mid-1980s with: TABC-79 Reconnaissance APC CWWP-150 MANOEUVRE ELEMENT CWRO-04 MANOEUVRE ELEMENT CWRO-06 Heavy Reconnaissance Company Motor Rifle Company Command/Recce Command/Recce HQ x1 Commander CWWP-103 HQ x1 Commander CWWP-103 Transport/Recce x1 BTR-40 Scout Car (a) CWWP-28 x1 SA-7 ‘Grail’ SAM Team CWWP-99 Recce x2 Early Motor Rifles (1 RPG) (b) CWWP-105 x9 Early Motor Rifles (3 RPG) CWWP-105 Transport/Recce Transport x1 BTR-40 Scout Car (b) CWWP-28 x4 TAB-71 APC (ab) CWWP-49 Recce x2 PT-76 76mm Light Tank CWWP-01 (a) In Category A divisions (1st Motor Rifles & 4th Tanks), may replace TAB-71 Armoured Personnel Carriers with: Recce TAB-77 Armoured Personnel Carrier CWWP-140 x1 T-55 100mm Main Battle Tank (c) CWWP-03 Or in Category C divisions: Replace with obsolete APCs: Recce BTR-152 Armoured Personnel Carrier CWWP-27 x1 PK Light Machine Gun CWWP-109 BTR-50 PK Armoured Personnel Carrier CWWP-28 BTR-60 P Armoured Personnel Carrier CWWP-29 Transport/Recce BTR-60 PA Armoured Personnel Carrier CWWP-30 x1 Motorcycle Combination CWWP-85 BTR-60 PB Armoured Personnel Carrier CWWP-31 (a) May replace commander’s transport with: (b) Late 1980s in 4th Tank Division: Replace APCs with: BRDM-1 Scout Car CWWP-54 MLI-84 73mm Infantry Combat Vehicle CWWP-136 BRDM-2 U Command Scout Car CWWP-60 Or from mid-1980s with: TABC-79 Reconnaissance APC CWWP-150 MANOEUVRE ELEMENT CWRO-07 (b) Replace scout infantry transport in mid-1980s with: TABC-79 Reconnaissance APC CWWP-150 Mountain Hunter Company Command/Recce (c) In late 1980s: Replace T-55 in 4th Tank Division and 1st Motor HQ x1 Commander CWWP-103 Rifle Division with: TR-85 100mm Main Battle Tank CWWP-143 x1 SA-7 ‘Grail’ SAM Team CWWP-99 In Category C Motor Rifle Divisions: Replace T-55 with: T-34/85 Medium Tank CWWP-02 x9 Early Motor Rifles (3 RPG) CWWP-105

Transport x4 MLVM Mountain Combat Vehicle CWWP-39 Alternative: MANOEUVRE ELEMENT CWRO-05 Transport Scout Car Company x4 GAZ-66 Medium Truck CWWP-87 Command/Recce x1 BRDM-1 Scout Car (a) CWWP-54 Recce MANOEUVRE ELEMENT CWRO-08 x6 BRDM-1 Scout Car (b) CWWP-54 Air Assault Infantry Company (a) May replace command BRDM-1 with: Command/Recce BRDM-2 U Command Scout Car CWWP-60 HQ x1 Commander CWWP-103 Or from mid-1980s with: TABC-79 Reconnaissance APC CWWP-150 x1 SA-7 ‘Grail’ SAM Team CWWP-99

(b) May replace BRDM-1 scout cars with: x9 Early Motor Rifles (3 RPG) CWWP-105 BRDM-2 Armoured Car CWWP-55 Or in mid-1980s with: TABC-79 Reconnaissance APC CWWP-150 MANOEUVRE ELEMENT CWRO-09 Marine Infantry Company Command/Recce HQ x1 Commander CWWP-103

x1 SA-7 ‘Grail’ SAM Team CWWP-99

x9 Early Motor Rifles (3 RPG) CWWP-105

Transport x4 TAB-71 APC (ab) CWWP-49 MANOEUVRE ELEMENT CWRO-10 MANOEUVRE ELEMENT CWRO-13 Antiaircraft Company Army or Front Antiaircraft Company Command/Recce Command/Recce HQ x1 Commander CWWP-103 HQ x1 Commander CWWP-103 Transport x3 SA-7 ‘Grail’ SAM Team CWWP-99 x1 UAZ-469 Light Utility Vehicle CWWP-86 Transport x4 UAZ-469 Light Utility Vehicle CWWP-86 x3 S-60 57mm Antiaircraft Gun (a) CWWP-84 Transport x3 M-39 37mm Antiaircraft Gun (ab) CWWP-160 x3 GAZ-66 Medium Truck (a) CWWP-87 Transport x3 GAZ-66 Medium Truck (b) CWWP-87 (a) May replace 57mm AA Guns with: M-39 85mm Antiaircraft Gun CWWP-161 (a) In Air Assault Regiments and some other units, may replace KS-19 100mm Antiaircraft Gun CWWP-159 37mm AA guns with: Replace GAZ-66 transports with: ZPU-2 Twin 14.5mm Antiaircraft Gun CWWP-162 Zil-157 Heavy Truck CWWP-149

(b) In some Tank Regiments, may replace AA guns with: ZSU-57-2 Twin 57mm Antiaircraft Vehicle CWWP-16 MANOEUVRE ELEMENT CWRO-14 SAM Battery MANOEUVRE ELEMENT CWRO-11 Transport Antitank Company x1 TAB-71 R450 Command Vehicle use CWWP-49 Command x1 BRDM-1 Scout Car (ac) CWWP-53 x2 SA-6 ‘Gainful’ SAM Vehicle CWWP-21

x3 9P110 (BRDM-1) ATGM Vehicle (bcd) CWWP-69

(a) May replace command vehicle with: BRDM-2 U Command Scout Car CWWP-60 MANOEUVRE ELEMENT CWRO-15 Engineer Company (Tank Regiment) (b) May replace all 9P110 ATGM Vehicles with: Command 9P122 (BRDM-2/ AT-3 ‘Sagger’) ATGM Vehicle CWWP-70 HQ x1 Commander CWWP-103 (c) In some units, replace this organisation with: x1 SA-7 ‘Grail’ SAM Team (ac) CWWP-99 x1 Commander CWWP-103 x3 B-11 107mm Recoilless Rifle CWWP-82 x4 GAZ-69 Light Utility Vehicle use CWWP-86 x3 Sappers (1 flame 1 RPG) CWWP-114

(d) Regimental Antitank Companies may be split up as individual x2 BTR-50 PK APC (a) CWWP-28 attachments to units within the regiment. x2 TMM Bridgelayer CWWP-91

x3 MTU Bridgelayer CWWP-92 MANOEUVRE ELEMENT CWRO-12 Divisional Antiaircraft Company x1 BAT-M Bulldozer CWWP-93 Command/Recce HQ x1 Commander CWWP-103 (a) May replace BTR-50 APCs with: Transport TAB-71 APC CWWP-49 x1 UAZ-469 Light Utility Vehicle CWWP-86

x3 M-39 37mm Antiaircraft Gun (a) CWWP-160

Transport x3 GAZ-66 Medium Truck CWWP-87

(a) May replace 37mm AA Guns with: S-60 57mm Antiaircraft Gun CWWP-84 MANOEUVRE ELEMENT CWRO-16 MANOEUVRE ELEMENT CWRO-18 Engineer Company (Motor Rifle Regt) Airborne Engineer Company Command Command HQ x1 Commander CWWP-103 HQ x1 Commander CWWP-103

x1 SA-7 ‘Grail’ SAM Team (b) CWWP-99 x1 SA-7 ‘Grail’ SAM Team CWWP-99

x3 Sappers (1 flame 1 RPG) CWWP-114 x3 Sappers (1 flame 1 MAW) CWWP-114

x2 BTR-50 PK APC (a) CWWP-28 x2 GAZ-66 (Airborne) Medium Truck CWWP-87

x2 TMM Bridgelayer CWWP-91

x1 MTU Bridgelayer (b) CWWP-92 MANOEUVRE ELEMENT CWRO-19 x1 BAT-M Bulldozer CWWP-93 Airborne Antitank Company (c) Command x1 BTM Trench-Digger CWWP-94 HQ x1 Commander CWWP-103 Transport (a) May replace BTR-50 APCs with: x1 UAZ-469 Light Utility Vehicle CWWP-86 TAB-71 Armoured Personnel Carrier CWWP-49 BTR-152 Armoured Personnel Carrier CWWP-27 x3 9P110 (BRDM-1/AT-3) AT Vehicle (a) CWWP-69 BTR-60 P Armoured Personnel Carrier CWWP-28 BTR-60 PA Armoured Personnel Carrier CWWP-29 x3 SD-44 85mm Antitank Gun (b) CWWP-78 BTR-60 PB Armoured Personnel Carrier CWWP-30 Transport (b) Some low-category divisions probably did not have such a x3 GAZ-66 (Airborne) Medium Truck CWWP-87 generous supply of MTU Bridgelayers or SAMs (a) May replace 9P110 ATGM Vehicle with: 9P122 (BRDM-2/AT-3 ‘Sagger’) ATGM Vehicle CWWP-70 MANOEUVRE ELEMENT CWRO-17 (b) The SD-44 85mm Antitank Gun was equipped with an auxiliary Divisional Sapper Company (a) engine for manoeuvring the gun when its tractor was not available Command (particularly likely in a heli-borne operation, for example). In game HQ x1 Commander CWWP-103 terms, the SD-44 may not be manhandled in the usual sense. (notice that the regular D-44 85mm Antitank Gun has a movement value of x1 SA-7 ‘Grail’ SAM Team (b) CWWP-99 0/0). Before moving, an SD-44 must use an action to ‘limber’ and may then move at its movement rate (2/4), classed as a Wheeled Vehicle for bog-down/breaching purposes. It must then use an action to x9 Sappers (3 flame 3 RPG) CWWP-114 ‘unlimber’ before firing.

x4 BTR-50 PK APC (a) CWWP-28 (c) This ME may be split up and allocated as individual unit attachments to other MEs in the BG. x4 TMM Bridgelayer CWWP-91

x1 MTU Bridgelayer CWWP-92

x1 BAT-M Bulldozer CWWP-93 Romanian Air Support

x1 GMZ Mine-Layer CWWP-95 The Romanian Air Force had the following ground-attack aircraft:

Recce x32 MiG-17 ‘Fresco’ CWWP-126 x1 BRDM-2 Armoured Car (c) CWWP-55 x16 IAR-93 ‘Vultur’ CWWP-152

(a) May replace BTR-50 APCs with: In 1987 a further x16 MiG-17 were converted to IAR-93 ‘Vultur’. TAB-71 Armoured Personnel Carrier CWWP-49 BTR-152 Armoured Personnel Carrier CWWP-27 The Romanian Air Force had these reconnaissance assets, which had BTR-60 P Armoured Personnel Carrier CWWP-28 a secondary ground-attack role: BTR-60 PA Armoured Personnel Carrier CWWP-29 BTR-60 PB Armoured Personnel Carrier CWWP-30 x8 Il-28 ‘Beagle’ Light Bomber No Card

(b) Some low-category divisions probably did not have such a The Romanian Air Force had the following fighter aircraft: generous supply of MTU Bridgelayers or SAMs x88 MiG-21 ‘Fishbed’ CWWP-127 (c) The armoured car may alternatively be of an obsolete type: x20 MiG-23 ‘Flogger’ CWWP-128 BTR-40 Scout Car CWWP-26 BRDM-1 Scout Car CWWP-54 Or may replace from mid-1980s with: TCG-80 Engineer Recce Vehicle (TABC-79) use CWWP-151 FIRE SUPPORT ELEMENT CWRO-01 FIRE SUPPORT ELEMENT CWRO-07 Divisional Artillery Regiment Brigaded Artillery Regiment (a)

FIRE SUPPORT ELEMENT CWRO-02 FIRE SUPPORT ELEMENT CWRO-08 x2 Field Artillery Battalion x2 Heavy Artillery Battalion

FIRE SUPPORT ELEMENT CWRO-04 FIRE SUPPORT ELEMENT CWRO-10 x2 Heavy Howitzer Battalion x2 Heavy MRL Battalion

FIRE SUPPORT ELEMENT CWBU-02 FIRE SUPPORT ELEMENT CWRO-08 Field Artillery Battalion Heavy Artillery Battalion FIRE SUPPORT ELEMENT CWBU-03 FIRE SUPPORT ELEMENT CWRO-09 x3 Field Artillery Battery x3 Heavy Artillery Battery Command HQ x1 Commander CWWP-103 Fire Support x3 D-20 152mm Gun no card Transport x1 GAZ-66 Command Vehicle (a) CWWP-87 Attachment/Recce x1 Forward Observer CWWP-115 Transport/Recce FIRE SUPPORT ELEMENT CWRO-10 x1 UAZ-469 Light Utility Vehicle (a) CWWP-86 Heavy MRL Battalion Fire Support x3 M-38 122mm Howitzer (bcd) no card FIRE SUPPORT ELEMENT CWRO-11 Transport Heavy MRL Battery x3 Ural 375 Heavy Truck (cd) CWWP-88 General Fire Support x4 RM-51 32x130mm MRL no card (a) May replace softskin command/OP transport with: BTR-40 Scout Car CWWP-26 BRDM-1 Scout Car CWWP-54 Or from mid-1980s with: TABC-79A POMA Artillery Observation Vehicle CWWP-151 FIRE SUPPORT ELEMENT CWBU-12 (b) Field Artillery Battalions in higher category divisions may Mountain Artillery Battalion replace their M-38 122mm Howitzers with: D-30 122mm Howitzer CWWP-76 FIRE SUPPORT ELEMENT CWBU-13 x3 Mountain Artillery Battery Command HQ x1 Commander CWWP-103 FIRE SUPPORT ELEMENT CWRO-04 Transport Heavy Howitzer Battalion x1 GAZ-66 Command Vehicle CWWP-87 Attachment/Recce FIRE SUPPORT ELEMENT CWRO-05 x1 Forward Observer CWWP-115 x3 Heavy Howitzer Battery Transport/Recce x1 UAZ-469 Light Utility Vehicle CWWP-86 Fire Support x3 M-43 152mm Howitzer no card Fire Support x4 M-38 76mm Mountain Gun (a) CWWP-158 Transport x4 Ural 375 Heavy Truck (b) CWWP-88

FIRE SUPPORT ELEMENT CWRO-06 (a) Mid-1980s: Replace M-38 76mm Mountain Guns with: M1984 76mm Mountain Howitzer CWWP157 Artillery Brigade (a) (b) May replace transport with: FIRE SUPPORT ELEMENT CWRO-07 Pack Mules Generic Card x2 Brigaded Artillery Regiment (a)

(m) The Romanian Army had only two Artillery Brigades to share between four Armies. As each Artillery Brigade consisted of two regiments, it is possible that one Regiment was attached to each Army. MANOEUVRE ELEMENT CWRO-14 Airborne Mortar Company Command HQ x1 Commander CWWP-103 Transport x1 UAZ-469 Light Utility Vehicle CWWP-86 Attachment/Recce x1 Forward Observer CWWP-115 Transport/Recce x1 UAZ-469 Light Utility Vehicle CWWP-86 Fire Support x4 M-43 120mm Mortar CWWP-113 Transport x4 GAZ-66 Airborne Medium Truck CWWP-87