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Istoria Aviatiei Romane Impartirea Pe Baze a Aeronavelor

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Istoria Aviatiei Romane Impartirea Pe Baze a Aeronavelor Fortele Aeriene Romane – Romanian Air Force Introduction Relatively little is known about the interesting history of the Romanian Air Force or Fortele Aeriene Romane (FAR) as it is called since the dramatic events that took place in December 1989. Despite the fall of the dictatorial regime of Nicolae Ceausescu in that year, little more about the history of the Romanian Air Force was revealed throughout the 1990s. Things have changed somewhat for the better over the past few years and it is now time to put the spotlight on this very interesting Air Force that recently joined NATO. Being aware that many more details are still unknown today we hope that this article helps in more information becoming public in the future. History Military aviation history in Romania started as long ago as 1893 when the first military aviation unit was formed equipped with observation balloons. In 1910 Aurel Vlaicu constructed his own aircraft and taught himself how to fly the aircraft. Aurel Vlaicu took to the air for the first time on 17 June 1910 and this date is still celebrated today as the birthday of Romanian aviation. Pioneers like Aurel Vlaicu and others like Henri Coanda who in 1910 built the very first jet aircraft in the world, the Coanda-1910, are still being honoured today. On 1 April 1913 the predecessor of the Romanian Air Force was formed being only the fifth nation in the world to use aircraft in combat during the Balkans War in 1913. During the First World War the Corpul Aerian Roman – Romanian Air Corps, which was formed in 1915, successfully fought the German Air Force before the country was occupied by German- Austrian forces. Sovereignty was regained in 1918 and a new Air Force was created as Divizia 1 Aeriana under the Directorate of Army Aviation. After a short period of neutrality in the 1930s Romania began to strengthen its ties with Germany and this eventually resulted in Romania joining the Axis Tripartite Pact, the pact between Germany, Italy and Japan which was signed in 1940 and joined by Hungary three days before Romania signed up on 23 November 1940. On 22 June 1941 Romania went to war joining Germany in Operation Barbarossa, the invasion of the Soviet Union. A coup by antifascist forces in August 1944 ended the cooperation with the Germans and Romania was eventually occupied by the Soviets after WWII. Despite this a new Air Force was created in 1947 named the Fortele Aeriene ale Republicii Populare Romane. The Soviet troops eventually departed Romania in 1958 after Romania joined the Warsaw Pact in 1955. The basis for the Romanian Air Force as we know it today was established in 1951 when a total of eight Fighter Regiments - Regimentul Aviatie de Vânâtoare Reactie (Regt.Av.Vt.R.) were established under control of three Fighter Divisions - Divizia Aviatie de Vânâtoare Reactie along with a number of support and training regiments. Various changes took place during the first five years, mainly consisting of regiments changing between Division and air base. By 1956 the situation was as follows: Order of Battle September 1956 Divisia 23 Aviatie de Vânâtoare Reactie, HQ Otopeni Div. HQ flight MiG-15bis, S-102, MiG-15DC Regimentul 125 Av.Vt. R. S-102, MiG-15DC Silistea-Gumesti Regimentul 172 Av.Vt. R. S-102, MiG-15DC Mihail Kogalniceanu Regimentul 206 Av.Vt. R. MiG-17PF, MiG-15bis, MiG-15DC Bucuresti-Otopeni Every unit had also one Fieseler Storch and 3-4 Yak-11s on strength for liaison purposes. The total number of aircraft on strength with the 23rd Air Division was 76 S-102, 16 MiG-15bis, 10 MiG-17F, 10 MiG-15DC (UTi's), 13 Yak-11 and 4 Fi-Storch. Divisia 66 Aviatie de Vânâtoare Reactie, HQ Craiova Div. HQ flight S-102, Fi-Storch Regimentul 158 Av.Vt. R. MiG-17, MiG-15bis, S-102, MiG-15DC Craiova Regimentul 226 Av.Vt. R. MiG-15bis, S-102, MiG-15DC Caracal-Deveselu Regimentul 227 Av.Vt. R. MiG-15bis, S-102, MiG-15DC Craiova Every unit had also one Fieseler Storch and 3-4 Yak-11s on strength. The total number on strength with the 66th Air Division was 68 S-102, 21 MiG-15bis, 2 MiG-17F, 10 MiG-15DC, 8 Yak-11 and 2 Fi-Storch. Divisia 97 Aviatie de Vânâtoare Reactie, HQ Timisoara Div. HQ flight MiG-15bis, S-102, Fi-Storch Regimentul 135 Av.Vt. R. Yak-23, Yak-17, Po-2 Caransebes Regimentul 294 Av.Vt. R. MiG-15bis, S-102, MiG-15DC, Yak-11 Timisoara-Giarmata The total number on strength with the 97th Air Division was 31 S-102, 9 MiG-15bis, 2 MiG-17, 3 MiG-15DC, 43 Yak-23, 5 Yak- 17UTi, 9 Yak-11, 1 Po-2, 1 Fi-Storch Divisia 68 Aviatie Asalt Scoala Militara de aviatie 'Aurel Vlaicu', HQ Tecuci Regimentul de Aviatie Scoala Fasa I Various Buzau Regimentul de Aviatie Scoala Fasa II 14x MiG-15DC, 2x S-102 Tecuci Esc.de Perfectionare Piloti de Vanat. 11x MiG-15, 7x MiG-15DC Focsani Regimentul 282 Av.Cc 2 IL-28, 5 IL-28U, 2 IL-28R, 3 Tu-2, Titu-Boteni 2 He-111, 1 IAR814, 3 Yak-11, 4 Po-2 Regimentul 239 Av.Bomb. Bucuresti-Otopeni Patrula 1106 Av.remorcat mansa 2 IL-28, 3 IL-10 ?? Regimentul 282 had been redesignated from Regimentul 282 Bombardament into Regimentul 282 Aviatie Cercetare in 1956 and into Escadrila 282 Av.Cc in 1958. Throughout the 1950s various variants of the MiG-15, as can be seen above, formed the backbone of the Romanian Air Force equipping seven Regiments with approximately 30 single-seaters on strength of each regiment along with a small number of MiG- 15UTIs, called MiG-15DC (Dubl Comand) in Romanian service as well as a small number of liaison aircraft. In addition also moderate numbers of MiG-17s served in some regiments. By 1956 all Yak-23 'Flora' of which 62 had entered service in 1952 in three regiments along with a small number of Yak-17UTI, reportedly five, were concentrated in one regiment. The Yak-23 was retired from service in 1958 when the type was surplus to requirement due to the continuing deliveries of MiG-15s. MiG-15s in service included Soviet-built aircraft as well as large numbers of MiG-15 variants that were licence-built in Czechoslovakia comprising of 204 S-102 (standard MiG-15) and 42 CS-102 (MiG-15UTI). According to Romanian sources, Soviet built aircraft comprised of 159 MiG-15s, 50 MiG-15bis and 59 MiG-15UTI. The first of a limited number of PP-1 radar equipped MiG-17PFs, (according to some sources twelve aircraft) entered service in 1955 serving alongside the MiG-15 in Regt.206 Av.Vt.R. at Otopeni (and from 9 August 1958 at Borcea-Fetesti, then called Cocargeaua). In addition also numbers of MiG-17Fs entered service around the same time with a total estimated at 48. Another type that served from the late 1950s was the impressive Ilushin IL-28 Beagle which served the in the Romanian AF in bomber and electronic warfare and reconnaissance tasks. Five UIL-28s trainers were delivered in 1955 and one in 1957, four IL- 28B bombers arrived in 1956 and two in 1958, two IL-28Rs were delivered to Romania in 1959 and one in 1961. A number of further reorganisations in 1959 and 1961 resulted in the forming of the units as we basically still know them today: Order of Battle 1959 Comandamentului Aviatiei Militare Escadrila 38 Av.Cc (ex 282) Borcea-Fetesti Divisia 15 Aviatie de Vânâtoare Tactica, HQ Otopeni Regimentul 86 Av.Vt. (ex 206) Borcea-Fetesti Regimentul 57 Av.Vt. (ex 172) Mihail Kogalniceanu Regimentul 49 Av.Vt. (ex 125) Alexeni Divisia 21 Aviatie de Vânâtoare Tactica, HQ Craiova Regimentul 91 Av.Vt. (ex 226) Caracal-Deveselu Regimentul 67 Av.Vt. (ex 158) Craiova Regimentul 34 Av.Vt. (ex 227) Craiova Divisia 34 Aviatie de Vânâtoare Tactica, HQ Timisoara Regimentul 93 Av.Vt. (ex 294) Timisoara-Giarmata Regimentul 37 Av.Vt. (ex 135) Caransebes By May 1961 Divisia 15 Av.Vt.T was renamed into Divisia 16 Ap AAT while Divisia 21 Av.Vt.T was disbanded altogether with two of its subsidiary regiments transferred to Divisia 34 Av.Vt.T. Of the previous Divisia 21, Regimentul 34 Av.Vt. was disbanded while of the regiments under control of Divisia 34, Regimentul 37 Av.Vt. was disbanded. In 1958 the first MiG-19s arrived in Romania albeit in moderate numbers, the type equipped the first Escadrilles of three Regiments with the 1st Escadrila of Regt.226 Av.Vt.R. at Deveselu being the first unit to reequip with the MiG-19 followed by Regt.206 Av.Vt.R. at Borcea and Regt.294 Av.Vt.R. at Timisoara-Giarmata. In total twelve MiG-19Ps and ten MiG-19PMs were in service until the type was retired in 1974. Both Regimentul 49 and 67 were transformed into tactical regiments and redesignated as such becoming Regt.49 Av.Vt.B. (Aviatie Vânâtoare Bombardement) at Alexeni and Regt.67 Av.Vt.B at Craiova, operating the S-102. The 1st Escadrila of Regt.49 operated the MiG-15bis while the 1st Escadrila of Regt.67 was equipped with the MiG-17PF. Regt.49 relocated to Ianca in September 1965 where it remained until the unit disbanded in 2002. In 1962 Regt.93 Av.Vt. at Timisoara-Giarmata was the first unit to receive the MiG-21 Fishbed. The unit which was at the time temporarily-based at Deveselu took delivery of the first twelve MiG-21F-13s in February 1962.
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