Télécharger Au Format

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Télécharger Au Format N° 09/2013 recherches & documents Décembre 2013 Les drones armés israéliens : capacités, bilan de leur emploi et perspectives PHILIPPE GROS Avec le soutien de la Direction générale de l’armement WWW . FRSTRATEGIE . ORG Édité et diffusé par la Fondation pour la Recherche Stratégique 4 bis rue des Pâtures – 75016 PARIS ISSN : 1966-5156 ISBN : 978-2-911101-79-3 EAN : 9782911101793 WWW.FRSTRATEGIE.ORG 4 BIS RUE DES PÂTURES 75016 PARIS TÉL.01 43 13 77 77 FAX 01 43 13 77 78 SIRET 394 095 533 00052 TVA FR74 394 095 533 CODE APE 7220Z FONDATION RECONNUE D'UTILITÉ PUBLIQUE – DÉCRET DU 26 FÉVRIER 1993 SOMMAIRE INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 5 RESUME .................................................................................................................................... 7 ENSEIGNEMENTS POUR NOTRE APPAREIL DE FORCE ................................................................. 11 1 – HISTORIQUE SUCCINCT DE L'EMPLOI DES DRONES ISR ET DRONES ARMES AU SEIN DES IDF ............................................................................................................ 13 2 – ORDRE DE BATAILLE ET PRINCIPAUX EQUIPEMENTS ........................................................ 15 2.1 – L'ordre de bataille actuel des drones de l'IAF .................................................. 15 2.2 – Instruction et entraînement des personnels ..................................................... 18 2.3 – Les principaux systèmes de drone de l'IAF : Hermes 450 & 900, Héron 1 et Héron TP .......................................................................................................... 19 3 – LES SYSTEMES DE DRONE DANS LES OPERATIONS CONTEMPORAINES DES IDF ................... 23 3.1 – L'opération « Changement de direction » : un emploi massif mais imparfait des drones .................................................................................. 23 3.2 – Les drones à la pointe des opérations contre le Hamas ................................. 25 3.2.1 – Sources ............................................................................................................. 25 3.2.2 – L'emploi progressif des drones 2004-2008 ....................................................... 26 3.2.3 – Des missions de « Targeted Killing » partagées avec les hélicoptères ............ 26 3.2.4 – L'opération « Plomb durci » : les drones atteignent une relative parité avec les moyens pilotés .................................................................................... 27 3.2.5 – L'opération « Pilier de défense » : une noria de drones en appui du ciblage d'opportunité des tirs de roquettes du Hamas ................................. 32 3.3 – Une contribution probablement plus limitée aux opérations dans la profondeur .............................................................................................. 36 3.4 – Conclusions ......................................................................................................... 38 4 – DEVELOPPEMENT CAPACITAIRE ...................................................................................... 39 4.1 – Les drones doivent représenter en 2030 une part majeure de la puissance aérienne israélienne ................................................................ 39 4.2 – Une combinaison de facteurs unique au monde explique cette expansion capacitaire continue ................................................................ 40 TABLE DES ABREVIATIONS ....................................................................................................... 43 FONDATION pour la RECHERCHE STRATÉGIQUE 3 TABLE DES ILLUSTRATIONS Figure 1 – Les unités de drones de l'IAF ...................................................................... 15 Figure 2 – Soldat de Tsahal mettant en œuvre un drone Skylark ............................... 17 Figure 3 – « Plomb durci » : pertes occasionnées au Hamas, phasage de l'opération et tirs du Hamas pendant l'engagement ..................................................... 28 Figure 4 – Pertes palestiniennes durant « Plomb Durci » par catégories d'effecteurs ......................................................................... 31 Figure 5 – Concept d'emploi des drones dans le cadre de l'opération « Pilier de défense » (hypothèse) .............................................................. 33 Figure 6 – Pertes palestiniennes durant « Pilier de défense » – de façon générale et imputables aux drones ........................................................................... 35 FONDATION pour la RECHERCHE STRATÉGIQUE 4 Introduction טוֹס מ) Cette note propose un bilan partiel des capacités et de l'emploi des drones ,en Hébreu) dans les forces armées israéliennes (Israeli Defense Forces ְלֹלא ַטיָּס IDF ou Tsahal). Se focalisant sur les drones armés, elle se concentre tout particu- lièrement sur les forces aériennes (Israeli Air Force, IAF encore connu sous le terme de « corps aérien » « Kheil HaAvir ») qui les mettent en œuvre. Après un historique succinct de l'emploi des drones ISR et drones armés au sein des IDF, elle présente les données techniques relatives à leur ordre de bataille connu et les systèmes mis en œuvre. Sa principale section est consacrée aux ensei- gnements relatifs à l'emploi de ces drones dans les opérations majeures d'Israël depuis une dizaine d'années : l'opération Changement de direction (OCD) con- duite au Liban en 2006 contre le Hezbollah et surtout les opérations menées contre le Hamas, principalement « Plomb durci » (Operation Cast Lead, OCL) en 2009 et « Pilier de défense » (Operation Pillar of Defense, OPD) en 2012. Ces ensei- gnements incluent des éléments d'analyse sur le volume d'activité opérationnelle des drones, les missions qui leur furent assignées, leur chaîne de commandement et de contrôle, le partenariat avec les autres moyens pilotés (Manned-Unmanned Teaming, MUM-T), d'autre part avec les autres capacités de renseignement. La dernière section de cette note concerne la place du drone dans le développement capacitaire de Tsahal à moyen-long terme et tente d'en expliciter les facteurs. Cette note non protégée est le résultat d'une analyse de sources ouvertes, complé- tée par l'apport de quelques experts. Cela étant, ce travail reste limité par le fait que les forces de défense israéliennes refusent de reconnaître l'emploi de drones armés et ne communiquent que peu d'éléments chiffrés sur leurs drones en géné- ral. En raison de ces contraintes, cette note ne présente pas de données consolidées sur les coûts ou sur l'emploi des drones armés par les IDF. Elle se repose indirec- tement sur ce dernier plan, sur les éléments fournis par les ONG palestiniennes. FONDATION pour la RECHERCHE STRATÉGIQUE 5 Résumé En 2011, les forces israéliennes ont célébré les quarante ans d'utilisation opéra- tionnelle de leurs drones. Initialement employés en appui des missions de suppres- sion des défenses anti-aériennes des puissances arabes adverses, les drones se sont progressivement imposés comme l'une des pièces maîtresses du renseignement militaire israélien et plus récemment comme des effecteurs à part entière des forces aériennes. Actuellement, l'IAF aligne une quarantaine de drones tactiques et de théâtre (Medium Altitude High Endurance, MALE), tous de production nationale, dé- ployés en trois escadrons sur la grande base aérienne de Palmachim et plus récemment sur celle de Tel Nof. La flotte de l'IAF comprend : 20 drones tactiques Hermes 450 d'Elbit – le futur Watchkeeper ; 8 drones MALE Heron d'IAI et plusieurs MALE Elbit Hermes 900 ; depuis quelques années, un MALE de grande dimension, le Heron TP d'IAI également. A ces appareils s'ajoutent de nombreux systèmes de mini-drones (peut-être une centaine) de type Skylark et Skylite B des forces terrestres fournissant un appui ISR jusqu'au niveau bataillon. Tous les systèmes tactiques et MALE de l'IAF peuvent potentiellement être armés. Leur emploi comme effecteur remonte à une dizaine d'années. Ils semblent avoir été de plus en plus employés à cette fin dans les trois grandes opérations menées par Israël : L'opération « Changement de direction », (OCD), menée au Liban en juillet / août 2006, comprenant une phase aérienne et une opération aéroterrestre destinées à briser le Hezbollah. Cette opération aurait mobilisé une centaine de drones ; L'opération « Plomb durci » (Cast Lead) (OCL) en décembre 2008/janvier 2009 contre le Hamas, comprenant là encore une phase aérienne suivie d'une manœuvre aéroterrestre. Plus de douze drones de l'IAF et des forces terrestres auraient été employés simultanément en permanence au-dessus de la bande de Gaza en mission ISR, de ciblage d'opportunité et d'appui aérien rapproché. Les ONG palestiniennes leur attribuent 37 % des pertes déplorées par les Gazaouis ; L'opération aérienne « Pilier de défense » (OPD) menée en une semaine de novembre 2012 pour détruire l'infrastructure du Hezbollah sur Gaza et neutra- liser leurs tirs de roquettes. Durant cette opération, jusqu'à 25 drones auraient opéré simultanément là encore pour contribuer au ciblage d'opportunité des lance-roquettes et des combattants du Hamas. FONDATION pour la RECHERCHE STRATÉGIQUE 7 LES DRONES ARMES ISRAELIENS : CAPACITES, BILAN DE LEUR EMPLOI ET PERSPECTIVES RECHERCHES & DOCUMENTS N° 09/2013 De ces différents engagements, on peut tirer les conclusions suivantes quant à l'emploi des drones : Le drone fournit l'essentiel de la couverture ISR et est utilisé désormais com- me plate-forme
Recommended publications
  • Corvettes and Opvs Countering Manpads Air Forces Directory Corvettes and Opvs Countering Manpads Air Forces Directory Singapore
    VOLUME 26/ISSUE 1 FEBRUARY 2018 US$15 ASIA PAcific’s LARGEST CIRCULATED DEFENCE MAGAZINE SINGAPORE’S ARMED FORCES ASIA-PACIFIC MAIN BATTLE TANKS MALE /HALE UAVS CORVETTES AND OPVS COUNTERING MANPADS AIR FORCES DIRECTORY www.asianmilitaryreview.com B:216 mm T:213 mm S:197 mm AQS-24 B:291 mm S:270 mm T:286 mm THE VALUE OF ENSURING AN UNDERSEA ADVANTAGE KNOWS NO BORDERS. Mines don’t recognize borders, nor should the most advanced mine hunting solutions. Only Northrop Grumman’s advanced AQS-24 family of sensors deliver unparalleled performance with complete adaptability. From hardware versatility (deployable from helicopter or unmanned surface vessel) to increased speed in mission execution, the AQS-24 is the future of mine warfare. That’s why we’re a leader in advanced undersea technology. www.northropgrumman.com/minehunter ©2017 Northrop Grumman Corporation 02 | ASIAN MILITARY REVIEW | ©2017 Northrop Grumman Corporation Project Manager: Vanessa Pineda Document Name: NG-MSH-Z35767-B.indd Element: P4CB Current Date: 9-18-2017 11:09 AM Studio Client: Northrop Grumman Bleed: 216 mm w x 291 mm h Studio Artist: DAW Product: MSH Trim: 213 mm w x 286 mm h Proof #: 3-RELEASE Proofreader Creative Tracking: NG-MSH-Z35767 Safety: 197 mm w x 270 mm h Print Scale: None Page 1 of 1 Print Producer Billing Job: NG-MSH-Z35767 Gutter: None InDesign Version: CC 2015 Title: AQS-24 Intl Aus - Asian Military Review Color List: None Art Director Inks: Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Black Creative Director Document Path: Mechanicals:Northrop_Grumman:NG-MSH:NG-MSH-Z35767:NG-MSH-Z35767-B.indd
    [Show full text]
  • Could Uavs Improve New Zealand's Maritime Security?
    Copyright is owned by the Author of the thesis. Permission is given for a copy to be downloaded by an individual for the purpose of research and private study only. The thesis may not be reproduced elsewhere without the permission of the Author. Could UAVs improve New Zealand’s Maritime Security? 149.800 Master of Philosophy Thesis Massey University Centre for Defence Studies Supervisor: Dr John Moremon By: Brian Oliver Due date: 28 Feb 2009 TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Figures ......................................................................................... iv Glossary .................................................................................................. v Abstract ................................................................................................ viii Introduction ............................................................................................ 1 Chapter 1: New Zealand's Maritime Environment ................................. 6 The Political Backdrop .................................................................... 10 Findings of the Maritime Patrol Review .......................................... 12 Maritime Forces Review ................................................................. 18 The current state of maritime surveillance ..................................... 19 The National Maritime Coordination Centre ................................... 23 Chapter 2: The Value of New Zealand's Maritime Environment ......... 29 Oil and gas production in New Zealand ........................................
    [Show full text]
  • Kabul Times Digitized Newspaper Archives
    University of Nebraska at Omaha DigitalCommons@UNO Kabul Times Digitized Newspaper Archives 2-8-1964 Kabul Times (February 8, 1964, vol. 2, no. 284) Bakhtar News Agency Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unomaha.edu/kabultimes Part of the International and Area Studies Commons Recommended Citation Bakhtar News Agency, "Kabul Times (February 8, 1964, vol. 2, no. 284)" (1964). Kabul Times. 543. https://digitalcommons.unomaha.edu/kabultimes/543 This Newspaper is brought to you for free and open access by the Digitized Newspaper Archives at DigitalCommons@UNO. It has been accepted for inclusion in Kabul Times by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UNO. For more information, please contact [email protected]. , , ' , , ' , •......, __-?e-< ,. .'. " --- .- " '. '. " - . - : ~; • ..t.-. -,lo~-y~ .... ~~.:......'- -- :-7:::r~';!'-~~~~~ ~. '. ' .. , < -. ',C .' , ' . , '. '. -.=. -- . - -:"- : -. '. " '. , KABUL".' ,TrMES .. KABUL TIMES ~~FEBRUARY 6, 1964 TH£ WEATHER --- - ----.--,-,.- -- : - NEWS STALLS., , < YESTERDAY Max -2°C. Sbar.e.n.aw~ Khyber' Restaurant, HU~SDAYS Minimum -10°C, Neal' Shah! PuI; Blue ,M~ue' I I Gen~ 5-'32 pm. '> BECOME HALF-WORK Khan'h Orders Sun sets today at Internatronal. ClUb; Pamir Cine!»8 . Sun rises tomorrow at 6-34 a.m. pAY'~1 ~i1fF.;:\.,; ~Vc TomorroW's OiIUook: w -JANUARY 30TH '. Changes In Army Slightly cloudy Thul sday 5 ha"\'e officlaUy been '. -Foreea8i by AIr Alit;bortQ Command ~U4 -~·PRICE-.AL ~ VOL, II. NO, 284 SATURDAY. FEBRUARY ,B: 1964, C!:?ALWA 18, 1342,S, E,).'. :_,.0._. _ 'I.. '_ •. SAIGON. Feb 6. (Re~Jter' - PARK CINEMA N~t.:Jlen ~o i General Kh.1nh, ne\\ At 7-30. p m. p.m' Ira)'uan MOHAMMA1)· 'W-~DDIN~· 11 '.
    [Show full text]
  • Tejas Inducted Into 45 Squadron of IAF BOEING
    www.aeromag.in July - August 2016 Vol : X Issue : 4 Aeromag10 years in Aerospace Asia Tejas inducted into 45 squadron of IAF BOEING A Publication in association with the Society of Indian Aerospace and Defence Technologies & Industries D. V. Prasad, IAS AMARI 280 x 205_Layout 1 20/07/2016 10:36 Page 1 The metals service provider linking India with the UK n ON-TIME, IN-FULL deliveries throughout the whole of Asia from one of the world’s largest metals suppliers n Key supplier to high-tech industries including aerospace, defence and motorsport n Reliable, cost effective supply of semi-finished metal products to near net shape... in plate, bar, sheet, tube and forged stock n From an extensive specialist inventory: aluminium, steels, titanium, copper and nickel alloys n Fully approved by all major OEM's and to ISO 9001:2008, AS9100 REV C accreditations Preferred strategic supply partner to India's aerospace manufacturing sector. Tel: +44 (0)23 8074 2750 Fax:+44 (0)23 8074 1947 [email protected] www.amari-aerospace.com An Aero Metals Alliance member EOS e-Manufacturing Solutions Editorial A Publication dedicated to Aerospace & Defence Industry nduction of Tejas, India’s indigenously developed Light Combat Aircraft, into the Editorial Advisory Board I‘Flying Daggers’ Squadron of Indian Air Force is Dr. C.G. Krishnadas Nair a matter of great pride for our nation. It marks the Air Chief Marshal S. Krishnaswamy (Rtd) fruition of a national dream and a milestone to be PVSM, AVSM, VM & Bar Air Marshal P. Rajkumar (Rtd) celebrated by the Indian Aeronautical community.
    [Show full text]
  • 'Precise' Strikes: Fractured Bodies, Fractured Lives
    Israel’s drone wars: An update ‘Precise’ strikes: Fractured Bodies, Fractured Lives Front Cover image: Israel’s Heron TP drone at Tel Nof Air Force base, February 2010. Credit: UPI/Debbie Hill. Note: The term ‘drone’ is used interchangeably with ‘Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)’ Drone Wars UK is a small British NGO established in 2010 to undertake research and advocacy around the use of armed drones. We believe that the growing use of remotely-controlled, armed unmanned systems is encouraging and enabling a lowering of the threshold for the use of lethal force as well as eroding well established human rights norms. While some argue that the technology itself is neutral, we believe that drones are a danger to global peace and security. We have seen over the past decade that once these systems are in the armoury, the temptation to use them becomes great, even beyond the constraints of international law. As more countries develop or acquire this technology, the danger to global peace and security grows. Published by Drone Wars UK Drone Wars UK Written by Chloe Skinner Peace House, 19 Paradise Street November 2019 Oxford, OX1 1LD Designed: Chris Woodward www.dronewars.net www.chriswoodwarddesign.co.uk [email protected] ‘Precise Strikes’, Fractured Bodies, Fractured Lives | Israel’s drone wars: An update | 1 Contents 1 INTRODUCTION 3 2 “A RAPIDLY-GROWING DIVISION”: Israel’s drones and their operators 5 3 “ACCESS, PERSISTENCE, ACCURACY.” The humanitarian claims made for drone technology 8 4 “IN A MATTER OF SECONDS, THEY WERE CUT TO PIECES.” Life
    [Show full text]
  • Vayu Issue V Sep Oct 2018
    V/2018 Aerospace & Defence Review The IAF at 86 In Defence of the Rafale Interview with the CAS Air Combat Enablers Indian Women (Air) Power Out of Africa SAF-AP LEAP-INDIA-210x297-GB-V3.indd 1 18/08/2017 15:50 V/2018 V/2018 Aerospace & Defence Review 32 Interview 98 Out of Africa with the CAS The IAF at 86 In Defence of the Rafale Interview with the CAS Air Combat Enablers Indian Women (Air) Power Out of Africa Marshal BS Dhanoa gave a special address on the rationale behind the Cover : Pair of Dassault Rafales fully loaded Rafale acquisition programme as also with long range tanks and weaponry on the IAF’s modernisation roadmap. (photo : Rafale International) Air Combat Enablers This evocative article looks back to 42 the early 1960s when the Indian Air EDITORIAL PANEL Force deployed a flight of Canberra MANAGING EDITOR interdictor bombers to central Africa, in support of the United Nations in Vikramjit Singh Chopra In Vayu’s interview with Air Chief the Congo. As part of the motley ‘UN EDITORIAL ADVISOR Marshal BS Dhanoa, the CAS Air Force’, the IAF turned the tables, emphasised that the case for 114 new Admiral Arun Prakash providing the UN with their real ‘force fighters will be progressed through the multipliers’. The article includes some EDITORIAL PANEL Strategic Partnership route and as per very rare images then taken by Air Chapter VII of the DPP-16. The Chief Pushpindar Singh Marshal (retd) SC Lal. also refered to the FRA and AEW&C Air Marshal Brijesh Jayal requirement and importantly, on the Air Vice Marshal Manmohan Bahadur Raptors on a roll Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Aviation Week & Space Technology
    Russia’s No Takers for Litmus Test Air Traffi c Games Airbus’s A330 Regional for the F-35B AVIATIONWEEK$14.95 APRIL 27 - MAY 10, 2015 & SPACE TECHNOLOGY ADVANCED MANUFACTURING Automotive to Aerospace TOP-PERFORMING RICH MEDIA COMPANIES EXCLUSIVE Too Focused on the Near Term? STARTS AFTER PAGE 40 International AVIATION$14.95 APRIL 27 - MAY 10, 2015 WEEK & SPACE TECHNOLOGY Litmus Test For the F-35B PAGE 40 Zephyr Rises Again PAGE DTI 11 U.S. Navy’s UAV Swarm PAGE 34 Russia’s Air Traffic Games PAGE 26 AviationWeek.com/awst AviationWeek.com/awst Digital Edition Copyright Notice The content contained in this digital edition (“Digital Material”), as well as its selection and arrangement, is owned by Penton. and its affiliated companies, licensors, and suppliers, and is protected by their respective copyright, trademark and other proprietary rights. Upon payment of the subscription price, if applicable, you are hereby authorized to view, download, copy, and print Digital Material solely for your own personal, non-commercial use, provided that by doing any of the foregoing, you acknowledge that (i) you do not and will not acquire any ownership rights of any kind in the Digital Material or any portion thereof, (ii) you must preserve all copyright and other proprietary notices included in any downloaded Digital Material, and (iii) you must comply in all respects with the use restrictions set forth below and in the Penton Privacy Policy and the Penton Terms of Use (the “Use Restrictions”), each of which is hereby incorporated by reference. Any use not in accordance with, and any failure to comply fully with, the Use Restrictions is expressly prohibited by law, and may result in severe civil and criminal penalties.
    [Show full text]
  • Security, Protracted Conflicts and the Role of Drones in Eurasia Note: the Term ‘Drone’ Is Used Interchangeably with ‘Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)’ in This Report
    On the Edge Security, protracted conflicts and the role of drones in Eurasia Note: The term ‘drone’ is used interchangeably with ‘Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)’ in this report. Supported by a funding from the Foundation Open Society Institute in cooperation with the Human Rights Initiative of the Open Society Foundations. Drone Wars UK is a small British NGO established in 2010 to undertake research and advocacy around the use of armed drones. We believe that the growing use of remotely-controlled, armed unmanned systems is encouraging and enabling a lowering of the threshold for the use of lethal force as well as eroding well established human rights norms. While some argue that the technology itself is neutral, we believe that drones are a danger to global peace and security. We have seen over the past decade that once these systems are in the armoury, the temptation to use them becomes great, even beyond the constraints of international law. As more countries develop or acquire this technology, the danger to global peace and security grows. Published by Drone Wars UK Drone Wars UK Written by Joanna Frew Peace House, 19 Paradise Street January 2021 Oxford, OX1 1LD Design by Chris Woodward www.dronewars.net www.chriswoodwarddesign.co.uk [email protected] On the Edge | 1 Contents 1 Introduction 2 2 Ukraine and conflicts with Russian-backed separatists in Crimea and Donbas 5 Use of Drones in Crimea & the Donbas Armed Drones on the Horizon Russian and Separatist use of Drones Ukrainian Drones Russian and Separatists Drones 3 Georgia, South
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 15: Africa - World’S First Busiest Drone Operational Proving Ground - Where Counter-Terrorism and Modernization Meet
    Nichols, Ryan, Mumm, Lonstein, & Carter Chapter 15: Africa - World’s First Busiest Drone Operational Proving Ground - Where Counter-Terrorism and Modernization Meet Student Learning Objectives – Africa has become the drone investment -playground of many nations. The student will be introduced to activities of these geopolitical players (US, France, EU, Germany, Egypt and China) and the significance of their intentions. The history of drone investments / operations in Africa is directly a function of the growth of terrorist organizations and African economy. Africa – Overview Africa is a developing continent comprised of unstable states due to undeveloped economy, poor education, and unified government among the states. Africa’s leaders want to see their country develop and become a world leader. They look to their long-term allies to solve their issues. Radical Islam continues to spread and threaten the future of Africa. With the turbulence of state’s government, insurgence groups have joined forces with terrorist organizations affiliated with radical Islam. Radical Islamic extremists are a global security threat. Therefore, several countries fighting terror at home are also assisting Africa in the fight on terror. A priority goal of many African leaders is to defeat terrorism. They feel this can be achieved by stopping terrorist organizations membership growth. Conflict on land is not the only issue facing Africa, maritime security is a huge factor in Africa’s economic growth. Other countries willingly assist Africa in protecting their waterways to reap the benefits of trade and profit. There are high stakes for China, European Union, and United States to ensure Africa’s perimeter allows for safe passage of Commercial and Military vessels.
    [Show full text]
  • Drone Databook Update: March 2020
    CENTERDatabook Update FOR THE STUDY OF THE DRONE AT BARD COLLEGE DRONE DATABOOK UPDATE: MARCH 2020 DAN GETTINGER Since the publication of “The Drone Databook” in September 2019 we have continued to track developments in global military drone proliferation. We now estimate that there are at least 102 countries with active military drone programs, up from 95 in the “Databook.” Another six countries are believed to have inactive or pending drone programs. This update contains more than 100 additions, modifications, and corrections to the inventory, personnel, operations, infrastructure, research and development, and export sections of nearly 50 countries. SUMMARY Databook Post Update 1. Countries with active military drone programs 95 102 2. Countries with inactive or pending drone programs 6 6 3. Countries with active _____ drones Class I (Light) 85 90 Class II (Medium) 44 45 Class III (Heavy) 31 35 4. Bases and test sites 236 247 5. Units 269 280 6. System types (active only) 171 181 Vist dronecenter.bard.edu/databook for the original “Drone Databook.” Edited by Arthur Holland Michel. Editorial support provided by Isabel Polletta. Copyright © 2020 Center for the Study of the Drone at Bard College. 1 Databook Update INVENTORY BAHAMAS Model Make Origin Class Intro Qty Operator Notes Swift USA I 55 Engineering Mark Huber, “Swift Awarded $17 Million Bahamas UAS Contract,” Aviation International Online, 9 January 2020, https://www.ainonline. com/aviation-news/general-aviation/2020-01-09/swift-awarded-17-million-bahamas-uas-contract. BRAZIL Model Make Origin Class Intro Qty Operator Notes ScanEagle Insitu USA I 2020 6 Navy Guilherme Wiltgen, “Marinha do Brasil seleciona o ScanEagle no programa ARP-E,” Defesa Aérea & Naval, 14 December 2019, https:// www.defesaaereanaval.com.br/aviacao/marinha-do-brasil-seleciona-o-scaneagle-no-programa-arp-e.
    [Show full text]
  • Military Drones in Europe Dr. Dominika Kunertova's Report
    sdu.dk Center for War Studies Military Drones #sdudk in Europe Research Report by Dominika Kunertova The European Defense Market and the Spread of Military UAV technology Spring/Summer 2019 Center for War Studies Military Drones in Europe Photo from www.unmannedsystemstechnology.com 4 · Center for War Studies / Military Drones in Europe Center for War Studies The Center for War Studies was established in 2012 as a At CWS, our vision is to shape and contribute to the high profile and high quality research pole dedicated to major debates on the past, present and future of war, the multidisciplinary study of war. and its impact on societies. We bring together academics from political science, law, history and culture in order War is the most dramatic event in human affairs, and to illuminate the multiple dimensions of war and its prevention, conduct and consequences define and peace, thus creating one of Europe’s largest and most shape human societies. The enormous importance of diverse research environment dedicated to this issue. studying and understanding war therefore stems from its We proudly go outside of the ivory tower and bring destructive and transformative nature. our research on war to the heart of societal debates, through engagement with military institutions, political As an academic field of research, war studies is focused on authorities and the public. Our research also informs the changing character of war and its relation to peace. our educational programs, at the University of Southern It is essentially problem-driven and multidisciplinary, Denmark, notably the Master of International Security borrowing from the social sciences, technical sciences and Law (MOISL).
    [Show full text]
  • UAV Flight Plan 2008
    THE JOINT AIR POWER COMPETENCE CENTRE (JAPCC) FLIGHT PLAN FOR UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS (UAS) IN NATO 10 March 2008 Non Sensitive Information – Releasable to the Public TABLE of CONTENTS Executive Summary 3 1. Introduction 5 2. Current and Projected Capabilities 7 3. What is needed to Fill the Gaps 16 4. Problems and Recommendations 24 Annex A: References A-1 Annex B: NATO Unmanned Aircraft Systems - Operational B-1 B.1: High Altitude Long Endurance NATO UAS B-5 B.2: Medium Altitude Long Endurance NATO UAS B-9 B.3: Tactical NATO UAS B-23 B.4: Sensors for NATO UAS B-67 Annex C: Airspace Management and Command and Control C-1 C.1: European Airspace C-1 C.1.1: EUROCONTROL Specifications for the Use of Military Aerial C-1 Vehicles as Operational Traffic outside Segregated Airspace C.1.2: EASA Airworthiness Certification C-4 C.1.3: Safety Rules suggestions for Small UAS C-5 C.2: ICAO vs. FAA on Airspace Classification C-7 C.3: NATO Air Command and Control Systems in European Airspace C-11 C.4: List of National Laws pertaining to UAS C-12 Annex D: Unmanned Aircraft Systems Missions D-1 Annex E: Acronyms E-1 Annex F: Considerations regarding NATO procurement of its own UAS versus F-1 Individual Nations contributing UAS as they are willing and able 2 Non Sensitive Information – Releasable to the Public EXECUTIVE SUMMARY NATO is in the process of improving their structures and working procedures to better fulfill the requirements of the new international security environment.
    [Show full text]