Clint Eastwood

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Clint Eastwood Kültür ue Sanat SPAGETT› WESTERNLERDEN OSCAR'LI YÖNETMENL›–E CLINT EASTWOOD 31 Mayıs 1930 / San Francisco doumlu olan ve çocukluunun büyük bir kısmını California'da geçiren aktör, liseyi bitirdikten sonra Oragon'da kerestecilikle ura˛tı, hatta bir ara orduda yüz- me öretmenlii bile yaptı. Los Angeles fiehir Kolejinde eitim gören aktör, Universal ile an- la˛arak 1955 yılında "Francis in the Navy" adlı filmde rol aldı. Pek çok B-tipi filmde rol alan aktör, New York'a geçti ve 1959-1966 yılları ara- sında western TV dizisi "Rawhide"da oynadı. Televizyonda edindii tecrübeyle birlikte oyun- culuunda minimalist bir üslup yakalayan East- wood, Avrupa'ya geçti ve spagetti western türü- nün unutulmaz yönetmeni Sergio Leone'nin spagetti üçlüsünde oynadı. 1964 yılında "Bir Avuç Dolar ›çin" (A Fistful of Dollars) ile "her- kes ya zengin olur ya da ölür" temasından yola çıkarak kanlı kovboy filmleri serisine ba˛layan aktör, ba˛ı bo˛ gezen ve acımasız Amerikalı kovboy portresiyle dünyaca üne kavu˛tu. ›ki yıl sonra "Birkaç Dolar ›çin" (For A Few Dollars More) ve efsane "›yi, Kötü ve Çirkin" (The Go- od, The Bad and The Ugly) filmlerinde oynayan Oyunculua televizyondaki western filmleriyle aktör, revizyonist western türünün klasiklerine ba˛layan Clint Eastwood, kısa zamanda dünyaca imza attı. Seyirciler bu filmlerde yaratılan sessiz ünlü bir yıldız haline geldi. Kariyeri boyunca kahramanı sevdiler, ne kadar az konu˛ursa etki- oyunculuun yanı sıra yapımcı ve yönetmen si de o kadar güçlü oluyordu sanki... Clint'in yönleriyle de ön plana çıkan aktör, uzun boylu, sessiz ama anlamlı duru˛ları Leone'nin de gör- sessiz ve kaba kovboy tiplemesiyle 1960'lı yılla- sel üslubuyla birle˛erek Eastwood'un ilk sine- rın sinemasında bir ikon haline geldi. masal ikonunu yarattı. Güne˛ten kısılmı˛ ifade- S › NEMA - Clint Fastwnnri siz gözleriyle hiçbir ˛eyden etkilenmeyen bir sü- kadar uzanan ba˛ka birçok kahramanı da etkile- per kahramandı o... Hiç kimseyle ili˛kisi olma- di. Eastwood'u sinema tarihinde bugünkü yerine yan yalnız bir adamdı. Klasik Amerikan wester- oturtan asıl olarak Kirli Harry'den sonra yaptıı ninde çok kötü durabilecek bu kovboy tipi Le- i˛ler. Bugün Eastwood deyince akla sadece bir one'nin spagetti westernlerine çok uygundu. Ak- yıldız deil, bir sinema yönetmeni de geliyor. siyon, abartı, ˛iddet, müzik, bol bol kan ve iro- Adil erkek portreleri çizmeye devam eden aktör, ni... Bu ironinin doruk noktasında da kur˛unla- aksiyon filmlerinin yanı sıra "Every Which Way rın arasında ifadesiz yüzle dola˛an Clint Eastwo- But Loose" (1978) ve "Any Which Way You Can" od duruyordu. (1980) gibi popüler komedi filmlerinde rol aldı. Ülkesine geri döndükten sonra 1968 yılında Daha çok içe dönük ya˛ayan ve insanlarla ileti- "Coogan's Bluff'da canlandırdıı akıllı ˛ehirli ˛im kurmakta güçlük çeken maço erkek tipleme- kovboy tiplemesiyle, filmin yönetmeni Don Si- leriyle öne çıkan Eastwood, 1988 yılında "Bird" egel ile uzun bir i˛ arkada˛lıına ilk adımını at- adlı filmde jazz müzisyeni Charlie Parked can- tı. Siegel'in 1971 yapımı "Dirty Harry" adlı fil- landırdı. minde canlandırdıı "Kirli Harry Callahan" adlı 1980'lerle birlikte sinema endüstrisindeki albeni- polis karakteriyle ikinci bir efsane daha yaratan sini kaybetmeye ba˛layan aktör, 1988 yılında aktör, bu ölümsüz ve kural tanımaz polis karak- "The Dead Pool" ile be˛inci kez Kirli Harry ka- terini 1983 yapımı "Sudden Impact" adlı filmde rakterini oynadı. Ardından "The Rookie" ve tekrarladı. Bizde Kirli Harry diye bilinen bu ka- "White Hunter, Black Heart" gibi ba˛arısız ya- rakter Eastwood'un bütün meslek hayatı boyun- pımlarda yer alan aktör, oldukça ilginç bulunan ca canlandırdıı en tartı˛malı karakterlerden bi- "The African Queen" adlı yarı kurgusal bir film- riydi. Harry Calahan sinema tarihinin en sert po- de yer aldı. 1992 yılında ba˛rolünde kendisinin lisiydi. Sistem kendi katı ahlakına uymuyorsa yanı sıra Morgan Freeman'ın da yer aldıı "Un- kendi kurallarını yaratmaya hazır bir adamdı. Bu forgiven'ın yönetmenliini üstlenen Eastwood, o karakter de, spagetti westernlerde canlandırdıı dönem En ›yi Film ve En ›yi Yönetmen dalların- tip gibi kısa sürede popüler bir ikon haline gel- da Oscar kazandı. Aktörün daha önce birlikte di. fiüphesiz "Dirty Harry" günümüz sinemasına çalı˛tıı Don Siegel ve Sergio Leone gibi usta yö- netmenlere ithaf ettii film. 100 milyon dolar gi- bi yüksek bir gi˛e hasılatı elde etti. Film. Vah˛i Batı günlerinde küçük bir Amerikan kasabasın- da, bir kovboyun zavallı bir fahi˛enin suratını daıtmasıyla ba˛lar. fierif Little Big Daggett (Ge- ne Hackman) için bu önemli bir olay deildir: Suçlu ve hempasına ceza vermeye gerek gör- mez. Herhalde o da fahi˛elerin sözü dinlenme- mesi ve yemini kabul edilmemesi gerektiine inananlardandır!.. Ama kentte herkes gibi i˛lerini yaparak ekmek parası kazanan "kızlar" buna ra- zı olmazlar. Arkada˛ları, sermayesi demek olan yüzünü kaybetmi˛tir. Aralarında 1000 dolar top- layarak "cezalandırıcı" birini ararlar. Bir zamanla- rın hızlı silah˛oru Bili Munny'nin ilgisini çeker bu ödül... Munny (Clint Eastwood) çok sevdii bir kadınla evlenmi˛, ama onun ölümünden son- ra iki çocuuyla kö˛esine çekilmi˛, sade bir çift- çi hayatı sürmektedir. Silahı da. bir zamanlar eli- nin titremesine neden olan içkiyi de çoktan bı- rakmı˛tır. Ama herhalde eline yeniden silah al- D›R›M/Mart-Nisan2004 III Kültür ve Sanat mak için gizli bir istek duyan Munny. bu ödülü Ve bu yapı içinde bireyler, en klasik western du- bahane ederek ku˛anır. Yanında ya˛lı zenci dos- rumlarını bir tiyatro sahnesindeki gibi belli bir tu Ned Logan (Morgan Freeman) ve uzaı iyi gö- törensellik içinde, dü˛ünüp tanı˛arak ya˛arlar. remeyen bir ufaklık, Kid vardır (Jaimz Woolvett). fiiddet ve hız yerini bilince, dü˛ünme ve irdele- Üç ki˛ilik ekip, Big Whiskey kasabasına gelir ve meye bırakmı˛tır. Tüm bir Vah˛i Batı efsanesi, iki haydudu ararlar. Ancak i˛ zor gözükmektedir: tüm mitoslarıyla birlikte çinenip geçilir. Kahra- ›ki kafadarın eski güç ve yetenekleri çoktan yi- man yoktur ortada... Sadece yorgun, bezgin, se- tip gitmi˛tir, genç olan ise çok deneyimsizdir. fil, pislik içinde insanlar vardır: Ter kokuları ne- Buna kar˛ın, i˛i ba˛arır ve iki haydudu temizler- redeyse salona yayılan... Silahın hangi yanında ler. Ama onların fahi˛eye yaptıklarına sesi çıkma- olurlarsa olsunlar korkan, ürken, nerdeyse altına yan i˛kenceci ve psikopat ˛erif. Ned'i i˛kenceyle eden. tüm zayıflıkları ve zavallılıkları içinde be- iyice benzetir. Munny'nin ˛erifle son bir kez kar- liren insanlar. Gerçek Vah˛i Batı da olasılıkla ˛ıla˛ıp ölümüne vuru˛mak için artık birden çok böyleydi!.. nedeni vardır: Eski bir dostun intikamını almak, 1993 yılında "In the Line of Fire" adlı filmde Giz- yasa adamı kılıına bürünmü˛ kötülüe kar˛ı li Servis görevlisini canlandıran aktör, usta bir çıkmak ve ba˛ta kendisi herkese, hala eli silah katili canlandıran John Malkovick ile çok muhte- ˛em bir oyunculuk sergiledi. Yönetmenliini ünlü yönetmen Wolfgang Petersen'in üstlen- dii film. birkaç ay içerisinde 100 milyon mark gibi bir hasılat yakalayarak aktörün son dönemdeki ikinci büyük ticari ba˛arısı oldu. 1993 yılında "A Perfect World" adlı filmin yö- netmenliini üstlenen Eastwood, bir kanun kaçaıyla, onun kaçırdıı küçük çocuk ara- sındaki duygusal ili˛kiyi ele aldı. Aktör, film- de Kevin Costner'ın canlandırdıı kanun ka- çaını yakalamaya çalı˛an bir polisi canlan- dırdı. Bu filmin ardından pek çok orta seviyeli film- de rol alan aktör, yönetmenliini yaptıı tutan yürekli bir silah˛or olduunu kanıtlamak... "Midnight in the Garden of Good and Evil" ile Affedilmeyen, sanki western tarihinin farklı ve dikkatleri üzerine çekti. John Berendt'in gerçek çeli˛kili dönemlerinin en tipik öelerini birle˛tir- bir olayı ele alan aynı adlı kitabından uyarlanan mi˛ gibi durur. Klasik western, 1950'lerin psiko- film. Savannah'da ya˛anan bir cinayet davasını lojik westemi, son yılların ilerici westernleri ve konu alıyordu. Eastwood, 1999 yılında insanı de anti-western gibi yan türler ve akımlar, bu son ana kadar ˛üphede bırakan gerilim filmi filmde uyum içinde kayna˛arak yeni ve dei˛ik "True Crime"ın yönetmenliinin yanı sıra yapım- bir tada ula˛ırlar. Durumlar, olaylar ve ki˛ilikler cılıını da üstlendi. Aktör, Tommy Lee Jones, Do- ilk bakı˛ta klasik westerni çarı˛tırır. Ancak çok nald Sutherland ve James Garner gibi usta oyun- cuların da bir araya geldii "Space Cowboys" ad- iyi i˛lenmi˛ özgün bir David Webb Peoples se- lı bir uzay macerasının yönetmenliini üstlendi. naryosu aracılııyla, kahramanların yüreine doru derinlemesine dalar film... Öte yandan bu. Son filmi Gizemli Nehir (Mystic River) filminin ku˛kusuz westerne modern, yenileyici bakı˛tır. senaristi Brian Helgeland, ba˛rol oyuncuları ise Efsaneye mesafeyle bakar, onu ayrı˛tırır, ele˛tirir, Sean Penn, Tim Robins, Kevin Bacon, Laurence klasik westerni tüm kli˛eleri, kahramanlık anla- Fishburne. Bu film Fransızların En ›yi Yabancı yı˛ı, kaba gücü yüceltme tutkusu ve maçoluuy- Film dalında Cesar Ödülünü kazandı. Ve aynı za- la birlikte yargılar Eastwood... manda En ›yi Film ve En ›yi Yönetmen dallarında Oscar adayı oldu. IV S›NEMA - Clint Fastwoad FILMOGRAJI AKTÖR YÖNETMEN 2002 Blood Work 2003: Mystic River / Gizemli Nehir 2000 Space Cowboys / Uzay Kovboyları 2000: Space Cowboys / Uzay Kovboyları 1999 True Crime / Gerçek Suç 1997 Midnight in the Garden of Good and Evil 1999: True Crime / Gerçek Suç 1997 Absolute Power / Mutlak Güç 1997: Midnight in the Garden of Good and Evil 1995 The Bridges of Madison County / Yasak ›li˛ki 1997: Absolute Power / Mutlak Güç 1993 A Perfect World / Mükemmel Dünya
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