Travel Analysis Report

United States Department of Big Bear Back Country Place Agriculture Off-Highway Vehicle Use

Forest Service

November 2015

Mountaintop Ranger District, San Bernardino National Forest San Bernardino County, California

For More Information Contact: Tasha Hernandez, Environmental Coordinator San Bernardino National Forest [email protected] 909-382-2905

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San Bernardino National Forest Big Bear Place Off-Highway Vehicle Travel Analysis Process

Table of Contents SETTING UP THE ANALYSIS ...... 3 36 CFR 212 ...... 3 FSM 7712...... 4 FSH 7709.55 Chapter 20...... 4 Objectives and Priorities ...... 5 DESCRIBING THE SITUATION ...... 6 San Bernardino National Forest Land Management Plan ...... 6 Transportation Atlas...... 8 Social and Economic Environment ...... 14 Recreation ...... 16 Heritage Resources ...... 22 Physical and Natural Resources ...... 22 Soils and Watershed ...... 23 Fire and Vegetation Management ...... 29 Wildlife and Plants ...... 30 Forest Management ...... 32 Identifying Issues ...... 35 Public Values, Opportunities, and Uses ...... 35 Ecosystem Elements and Function ...... 37 Commodity Uses and Values ...... 42 Urban Development and Forest Linkages...... 42 Special Area Designations ...... 43 Assessing Benefits, Problems, and Risks ...... 45 Describing Opportunities and Setting Priorities ...... 47 Recommendations ...... 48 Appendix A – 2005 Roads Analysis Process ...... 49 Appendix B - FSH 7709.55 Chapter ...... 68

Tables Table 1: Land Use Zones in Analysis Area ...... 6 Table 2: Inventoried Roadless Areas ...... 6 Table 3: NFTS Roads Open to Public in Analysis Area ...... 10 Table 4: NFTS Roads Closed to Public in Analysis Area ...... 13 Table 5: Communities Near the Analysis Area ...... 15 Table 6: Ownership in Analysis Area ...... 15 Table 7: Other Road Systems in Analysis Area...... 16 Table 8: NFTS Trails in Analysis Area with Authorized Use ...... 20 Table 9: Roads & Trails Open to OHV Green Sticker Vehicles in Analysis Area ...... 20 Table 10: Developed Recreation Sites in Analysis Area ...... 21 Table 11: Riparian Conservation Areas in Analysis Area ...... 24 Table 12: Road Water Crossings in Analysis Area ...... 25 Table 13: OHV Trail Water Crossings in Analysis Area ...... 28 Table 14: Trail Water Crossings in Analysis Area ...... 28 Table 15: Appropriated Funding of the SBNF OHV Program and Other Major Programs ...... 34

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Table 16: California State Parks Off-Highway Motor Vehicle Recreation Grant Funding on the SBNF...... 34 Table 17: NFTS Roads & Trails with Identified Heritage Issues ...... 36 Table 18: Direct Effects of Roads and Trails...... 41 Table 19: Indirect Effects of Roads and Trails in the Big Bear Back Country Place ...... 41 Table 20: MVUM Roads in Restricted Land Use Zones ...... 43 Table 21: Administrative Roads in Restricted Land Use Zones ...... 44 Table 22: MVUM Trails in Restricted Land Use Zones ...... 44 Table 23: MVUM Roads in Inventoried Roadless Areas (IRAs) ...... 44 Table 24: MVUM Trails in Inventoried Roadless Areas (IRAs) ...... 45 Table 25: Administrative Roads in Inventoried Roadless Areas (IRAs) ...... 45 Table 26: San Bernardino National Forest Roads Evaluation – 2012 TAP Analysis Area Subset (2005 RAP) ...... 49 Table 27: San Bernardino National Forest Roads Summary (2005 RAP) ...... 50

Figures Figure 1: Appropriated NFTS Trails and Roads Maintenance Funding ...... 34

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SETTING UP THE ANALYSIS On August 11, 2003, the Pacific Southwest Region of the Forest Service entered into a Memorandum of Intent (MOI) with the California Off-Highway Motor Vehicle Recreation Commission and the Off-Highway Motor Vehicle Recreation Division of the California Department of Parks and Recreation. That MOI set in motion a region-wide effort to “Designate OHV roads, trails and any specifically defined open areas for motorized vehicles on maps of the 19 National Forests in California by 2007.”

On November 9, 2005, the Forest Service published final travel management regulations in the Federal Register (FR Vol. 70, No. 216-Nov. 9, 2005, pp. 68264-68291). This final Travel Management Rule requires designation of those roads, trails and areas that are open to motor vehicle use on National Forests. Only roads that are part of a National Forest Transportation System (NFTS) may be designated for motorized use. Designations are made by class of vehicle and, if appropriate, by time of year. The final rule prohibits the use of motor vehicles off designated NFTS roads, NFTS trails and areas, as well as use of motor vehicles on roads and trails that are not specifically designated for public use.

Prior to 1989 when the San Bernardino National Forest (SBNF) first designated a system of Off- Highway Vehicle (OHV) routes, National Forest System (NFS) lands were managed as open to cross-country motor vehicle travel, resulting in unplanned, unauthorized, roads and trails. Unauthorized routes generally are developed without environmental analysis or public involvement and do not have the same status as NFTS roads and NFTS trails included in the NFTS. Nevertheless, some unauthorized routes are well-sited, provide excellent opportunities for outdoor recreation by motorized and non-motorized users and would enhance the NFTS. Other unauthorized routes are poorly located and cause unacceptable impacts. Only NFTS roads and NFTS trails can be designated for motorized vehicle use. In order for an unauthorized route to be designated, it must first be added to the Forest Service transportation system.

On the SBNF, there is a designated system for motor vehicle use and travel off of designated routes is prohibited and enforced by Forest Order. The existing system designated for motorized vehicle use was reconfirmed, with public input, through the land management process and Record of Decision of April 2006. The 2006 SBNF Land Management Plan (Forest Plan) prohibits motor vehicle travel off designated NFTS roads and trails and limited areas that are designated for vehicle use (Forest Plan, Part 3, S35, pp. 8-9). In 2005, the SBNF completed an inventory of unauthorized routes on NFS lands as described in the MOI and identified approximately 457 miles of unauthorized routes. Beginning in 2006, the SBNF used an interdisciplinary process and worked with the public to identify proposals for changes to the existing NFTS. The 2009 Motorized Travel Management Environmental Assessment decision made the recommended changes (vehicle restrictions, additional motorized trails, etc.) to NFTS roads, NFTS trails, and areas on NFS lands in accordance with the Travel Management Rule (36 CFR Part 212).

36 CFR 212 §212.5 Road system management. (b) Road system—(1) Identification of road system. For each National Forest, national grassland, experimental forest, and any other units of the NFS (§212.1),

3 San Bernardino National Forest Big Bear Place Off-Highway Vehicle Travel Analysis Process the responsible official must identify the minimum road system needed for safe and efficient travel and for administration, utilization, and protection of NFS lands. In determining the minimum road system, the responsible official must incorporate a science-based roads analysis at the appropriate scale and, to the degree practicable, involve a broad spectrum of interested and affected citizens, other state and federal agencies, and tribal governments. The minimum system is the road system determined to be needed to meet resource and other management objectives adopted in the relevant land and resource management plan (36 CFR part 219), to meet applicable statutory and regulatory requirements, to reflect long-term funding expectations, to ensure that the identified system minimizes adverse environmental impacts associated with road construction, reconstruction, decommissioning, and maintenance.

FSM 7712 Travel analysis assesses the current NFTS and identifies issues and assesses benefits, problems, and risks to inform decisions related to identification of the minimum road system per 36 CFR Part 212.5(b)(1) and designation of roads, trails and areas for motor vehicle use per 36 CFR Part 212.51. Travel analysis is not a decision-making process. Rather, travel analysis informs decisions relating to administration of the NFTS and helps to identify proposals for changes in travel management direction.

FSH 7709.55 Chapter 20 Travel analysis is a six-step process. The steps are designed to be sequential with the understanding the process may require feedback and iteration among steps over time as an analysis matures. The amount of time and effort spent on each step differs by project based on specific situations and available information. The process provides a set of possible issues and analysis questions for which the answers can inform choices about road system management. Decision makers and analysts determine the relevance of each question, incorporating public participation as deemed necessary.

The steps are as follows: 1. Setting up the analysis - The analysis is designed to produce and overview of the road system. The output from this step includes interdisciplinary team assignment, a list of information needs, and a plan for the analysis. 2. Describing the situation - Establishing the existing condition of the roads system and describing the context for management. 3. Identifying Issues - The interdisciplinary team, in conjunction with line officers, and information obtained from the public, identifies the most important road-related issues in the analysis area and information needed to address these concerns. 4. Assessing benefits, problems, and risks - Major uses and effects of the road system are examined. The main element of this step is to assess the various benefits, problems, and risks of the current road system. 5. Describing opportunities and setting priorities - Identify management opportunities, establish priorities, and formulate technical recommendations for the existing and future road system that respond to the issues and concerns, benefits, problems, and risks identified in preceding steps. 6. Reporting - Key findings are reported. This may entail several different forms to suit multiple audiences.

4 San Bernardino National Forest Big Bear Place Off-Highway Vehicle Travel Analysis Process

Objectives and Priorities ______In accordance with the Travel Management Rule, this Travel Analysis Process is being conducted for OHV use in the northwest part of the SBNF, approximately 121,939 acres. This analysis will tier to the SBNF-wide analyses and decisions in the Forest Plan, 2005 Roads Analysis Process (RAP), and 2009 Travel Management decision that established the current inventory of NFTS roads and trails on NFS lands that are managed or proposed for motor vehicle use. These previous analyses established the current system of roads and trails open to motor vehicle use based on the existing infrastructure at the time. As management has changed over time it has become apparent to the SBNF that there is a need to take a strategic look at areas on the NFS lands that receive heavy use from OHV recreationists in order to manage the use better and reduce impacts that are occurring currently. To understand where issues, risks, benefits, and opportunities may be, a mapping of unauthorized routes in the area will be a part of this analysis.

Under Goal 3.1 – Provide for Public Use and Natural Resource Protection of the Forest Plan, desired conditions were established for the road and trail system, including OHV use. The transportation system of roads and trails should be safe, affordable, and environmentally sound; responds to public needs; and is efficient to manage. The system should provide public access for recreation, special uses and fire protection activities, and support forest-management objectives. The system should be well maintained commensurate with levels of use and available funding. The system should be connected to state, county or local public roads and trails. Scenic routes should be a prominent feature within this interconnected system.

Roads and trails determined to be unnecessary through Roads Analysis and the analysis required by the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), would be removed and the landscape restored. Rights-of-way to access NFS lands would satisfy public needs and facilitate planned resource activities. Over the planning period, the number of inventoried unclassified roads and trails would be reduced, and the development and proliferation of new unclassified facilities minimized.

OHV systems should provide a range of recreation opportunities, and challenges for OHV enthusiasts through the development of an integrated system of trails and low maintenance standard roads. An environmentally sustainable, integrated system of remote, urban and rural non-motorized trails would be established and maintained. The system should accommodate a range of experience in high-quality settings, and should be managed to minimize conflicts while providing opportunities for partnerships, learning, stewardship and mental and physical renewal for a diverse, urban visitor population. The availability of day-use 'loop trails' should be improved. OHV use should occur on designated roads and trails only. High-use areas should be managed within capacities in order to maintain the quality of experiences.

Facilities that provide access to the OHV system should be developed in conjunction with the development of the overall OHV system. Conflicts between OHV enthusiasts, other recreationists, and private land owners adjacent to National Forest land, and resource issues should be addressed and resolved in a timely manner. Resolutions should be consistent with area objectives and management direction. Significant heritage resource sites should be preserved or enhanced. Habitats for federally listed species should be conserved, and listed species moved toward recovery. Habitats for sensitive species and other species of concern should be managed

5 San Bernardino National Forest Big Bear Place Off-Highway Vehicle Travel Analysis Process to prevent downward trends in populations or habitat capability and to prevent federal listing. Habitat conditions should be stable or improving over time as indicated by the status of management indicator species.

National Forest watersheds should be healthy, dynamic and resilient, and are capable of responding to OHV related disturbances while maintaining the integrity of their biological and physical processes. Watercourses should be functioning properly and support healthy populations of native and desired nonnative riparian dependent species. Riparian and aquatic ecosystems (including vegetation, channel stability, water quality and habitat for aquatic and riparian dependent species) should be resilient and able to recover after natural events.

DESCRIBING THE SITUATION This analysis tiers to the 2005 RAP and the 2005 Southern California Forest Plan Revisions Final Environmental Impact Statement (FEIS 2005) that inventoried and analyzed the NFTS roads and trails and unauthorized routes. This travel analysis will use the existing condition information from the 2005 RAP and supplement it with site specific information for OHV management in the analysis area.

San Bernardino National Forest Land Management Plan ______The Forest Plan describes the strategic direction at the broad program-level for managing the land and its resources over the next 10 to 15 years. The SBNF has been divided into a series of geographical units called 'Places.' Each Place has its own landscape character. Landscape character has been described as an overall visual and cultural impression of landscape attributes, the physical appearance, and cultural context of a landscape that gives it an identity and 'sense of place.' Each Place has a theme, setting, desired condition and program emphasis section. The analysis area is the Big Bear Back Country Place. (Forest Plan, Part 2, pp. 54-61)

Table 1: Land Use Zones in Analysis Area Land Use Zone Name Total Acres Back Country 31,940 Back Country, Motorized Use Restricted 1,686 Back Country, Non-Motorized 26,338 Critical Biological Coxey Pebble Plain 14 Recommended Wilderness Bighorn Mountain (Heartbreak Ridge IRA) 6,580 Existing Wilderness Bighorn Mountain 82 Developed Area Interface 306 Acres Total 66,946

Table 2: Inventoried Roadless Areas Name Acres In Analysis Area Total Acres Deep Creek 12,528 23,850 Granite Peak 168 449 Heartbreak Ridge 4,449 4,451 17,145 28,750

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Land use zones (36 CFR 219.11(c)) were used to map the SBNF for the purpose of identifying appropriate management types of ‘uses’ that are consistent with the achievement of desired conditions. These land use zones are used to help demonstrate clearly management’s intent and to indicate the anticipated level of public use in any area (Place) of the National Forest. Public motorized use on NFTS roads and OHV use on NFTS roads and trails is only suitable on designated roads and trails in Developed Areas Interface and Back Country land use zones. Public motorized use off NFTS roads and trails is not suitable in any land use zone. Road construction or re-construction is suitable in Developed Areas Interface and Back Country land use zones, and suitable for authorized use in Back Country Motorized Use Restricted land use zone (Forest Plan, Part 2, Table 2.4.2, pg. 3). One Critical Biological land use zone is in the analysis area: Coxey Pebble Plain. This zone includes the most important areas on the SBNF to manage for the protection of species-at-risk. Coxey Pebble Plain was identified for vernal blue butterfly, Ehrlich’s checkerspot butterfly, and pebble plain habitat with Sensitive plant species (Forest Plan, Part 2, Table 527, pp. 9-11).

Deep Creek and Holcomb Creek were identified as eligible Wild and Scenic Rivers in the Forest Plan. Approximately 11 miles of Deep Creek are eligible for designation as scenic and 9 miles are eligible for designation as wild, as they are free of impoundments, inaccessible except by non-motorized trail, and in a primitive watershed with unpolluted water (Forest Plan, Part 2, Appendix A, pg. 113). The segment of Holcomb Creek from the Hitchcock Ranch impoundment to Forest Road 3N16 is eligible for classification as a recreational river, as it is readily accessible by road and has some development. A second segment (5.8 miles from Forest Road 3N16 to the confluence with Deep Creek) is eligible for classification as a wild river because it is free of impoundments; has a largely primitive shoreline; accessed only by a non-motorized trail; and has unpolluted waters (Forest Plan, Part 2, Appendix A, pg. 111).

All existing facilities, management actions, and approved uses will be allowed to continue in the eligible river corridors until a decision is made on inclusion into the National Wild and Scenic River System, provided these facilities, actions, and uses do not interfere with the protection and enhancement of the river’s outstanding remarkable values or free-flowing character. New proposals include facilities, management actions, or uses on NFS lands are not allowed if they have the potential to affect the eligibility or potential classification of the river segment. (FSH 1909.12, chapter 8.2)

The Roadless Area Conservation rule prohibits road construction, reconstruction, and timber harvest in inventoried roadless areas because they have the greatest likelihood of altering and fragmenting landscapes, resulting in immediate, long-term loss of roadless area values and characteristics (36 CFR 294 [2001]). Within the analysis area portions of the Deep Creek, Granite Mountain, and Heartbreak Ridge Inventoried Roadless Areas (IRAs) occur (FEIS - Inventoried Roadless Areas and Wilderness Evaluations 2005).

Research Natural Areas (RNAs) include relatively undisturbed areas of the National Forest that form a long-term network of ecological reserves designated for research, education, and the maintenance of biodiversity (Forest Plan, Part 2, pp. 14-15). The recommended Arrastre Flat RNA exemplifies the unique pebble plain habitat type and the many rare plant species it

7 San Bernardino National Forest Big Bear Place Off-Highway Vehicle Travel Analysis Process supports. The site includes pristine, characteristic examples of pebble plain habitat, as well as areas of habitat that were previously disturbed and are now being restored. This area is approximately 1,143 acres and ranges from 6,000 feet above sea level at Mohawk Mine to 7,735 feet above sea level in Arrastre Flat. The recommended Broom Flat RNA represents relatively homogenous stands of single-leaved pinyon, western juniper and curl-leaf mountain mahogany, some of which are notably large and long-lived on the SBNF. This area is approximately 468 acres and ranges from 7,150 feet above sea level to 8,095 feet above sea level. (Forest Plan, Part 2, Appendix A, pp. 112-113)

Special Interest Areas protect and, where appropriate, foster public use and enjoyment of areas with scenic, historical, geological, botanical, zoological, paleontological, or other special characteristics (Forest Plan, Part 2, pg. 15). The North Baldwin Lake and Holcomb Valley and Arrastre Creek Special Interest Areas are located in the analysis area. The North Baldwin Lake and Holcomb Valley Special Interest Area (SIA) is recognized for its unique botanical, zoological, pre-historical and historical values. The Arrastre Creek SIA is notable for its high diversity and quality of biological resources, as well scenery and solitude. (Forest Plan, Part 2, Appendix A, pp. 114-115)

Transportation Atlas A transportation atlas and a motor vehicle use map (MVUM) for the SBNF were completed through the 2005 RAP and the 2009 Motorized Travel Management Environmental Assessment decision. The transportation atlas is the official record of its transportation facilities. The inventory includes two parts. The first part consists of spatial data contained in the SBNF's geographic information system, which records the location of individual roads and trails. From these data, informational maps can be produced at various scales. The second part of the atlas is a computer database that contains descriptive details of management, structural information, designations, and maintenance requirements. Records for all NTFS roads, NTFS highways, NTFS trails, and NTFS bridges are included in this database (INFRA). Information for the SBNF transportation inventory is updated when more recent survey information becomes available, changes are made in the field, management changes occur, and technological improvements are made.

Transportation Definitions (36 CFR 212.1) Forest road or trail: A road or trail wholly or partly within or adjacent to and serving the NFS that the Forest Service determines is necessary for the protection, administration, and utilization of the NFS and the use and development of its resources.

National Forest System: As defined in the Forest Rangeland Renewable Resources Planning Act, the “National Forest System” includes all National Forest lands reserved or withdrawn from the public domain of the United States, all National Forest lands acquired through purchase, exchange, donation, or other means, the National Grasslands and land utilization projects administered under title III of the Bankhead-Jones Farm Tennant Act (50 Stat. 525, 7 U.S.C. 1010–1012), and other lands, waters or interests therein which are administered by the Forest Service or are designated for administration through the Forest Service as a part of the system. 7. Designated road, trail, or area: A NFS road, a NFS trail, or an area on NFS lands that is designated for motor vehicle use pursuant to §212.51 on a motor vehicle use map.

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8. Road: A motor vehicle route over 50 inches wide, unless identified and managed as a trail. 9. Trail: A route 50 inches or less in width or a route over 50 inches wide that is identified and managed as a trail. 10. Area: A discrete, specifically delineated space that is smaller, and in most cases much smaller, than a Ranger District. 11. National Forest System road: A forest road other than a road which has been authorized by a legally documented right-of-way held by a State, County, or other local public road authority.

Off-highway vehicle: Any motor vehicle designed for or capable of cross-country travel on or immediately over land, water, sand, snow, ice, marsh, swampland, or other natural terrain.

Unauthorized road or trail: A road or trail that is not a Forest road or trail or a temporary road or trail and that is not included in a Forest transportation atlas.

Maintenance Levels: the level of service provided by, and maintenance required for, a specific road. Maintenance levels must be consistent with road management objectives, and maintenance criteria (FSH 7709.58,10,12.3). The operational maintenance level is the maintenance level currently assigned to a road considering today’s needs, road condition, budget constraints, and environmental concerns; in other words, it defines the level to which the road is currently being maintained. The objective maintenance level is the maintenance level to be assigned at a future date considering future road management objectives, traffic needs, budget constraints, and environmental concerns. The objective maintenance level may be the same as, or higher or lower than, the operational maintenance level to objective maintenance level may depend on reconstruction or disinvestment. Road Maintenance Level 5: Assigned to roads that provide a high degree of user comfort and convenience. These roads are normally double-lane, paved facilities. Some may be aggregate surfaced and dust abated. The appropriate traffic management strategy is “encourage.” Road Maintenance Level 4: Assigned to roads that provide a moderate degree of user comfort and convenience at moderate travel speeds. Most roads are double lane and aggregate surfaced. However, some roads may be single lane. Some roads may be paved and/or dust abated. The most appropriate traffic management strategy is “encourage.” However, the “prohibit” strategy may apply to specific classes of vehicles or users at certain times. Road Maintenance Level 3: Assigned to roads open and maintained for travel by prudent drivers in a standard passenger cars. User comfort and convenience are low priorities. Roads in this maintenance level are typically low speed, single lane with turnouts, and spot surfacing. Some roads may be fully surfaced with either native or processed material. Appropriate traffic management strategies are either “encourage” or “accept.” “Discourage” or “prohibit” strategies may be employed for certain classes of vehicles or users. Road Maintenance Level 2: Assigned to roads open for use by high-clearance vehicles. Passenger car traffic is not a consideration. Traffic is normally minor, usually consisting of one or a combination of administrative, permitted, dispersed recreation, or other

9 San Bernardino National Forest Big Bear Place Off-Highway Vehicle Travel Analysis Process

specialized uses. Log haul may occur at this level. Appropriate traffic management strategies are either to (1) discourage or prohibit passenger cars or (2) accept or discourage high-clearance vehicles. Road Management Level 1: Assigned to intermittent service roads during the time they are closed to vehicular traffic. The closure period must exceed 1 year. Basic custodial maintenance is performed to keep damage to adjacent resources to an acceptable level and to perpetuate the road to facilitate future management activities. Emphasis is normally given to maintaining drainage facilities and runoff patterns. Planned road deterioration may occur at this level. Appropriate traffic management strategies are “prohibit” and “eliminate.”

Roads receiving level 1 maintenance may be of any type, class or construction standard, and may be managed at any other maintenance level during the time they are open for traffic. However, while being maintained at level 1, they are closed to vehicular traffic, but may be open and suitable for non-motorized uses.

National Forest Transportation System Within the analysis area the transportation system currently consist of 209.5 miles of maintained roads that provide access to and through NFS lands. NFTS roads are not public roads. Although they generally are open and available for public use, they are authorized only for the administration, protection, and utilization of NFS lands. Through travel management, public access opportunities are provided, along with controls and restrictions necessary to achieve land management objectives. NFTS roads provide access in a branching system of arterial, collector, and local roads. Arterials provide access to large land areas, typically linking to county roads, state highways, or communities. They tend to have higher standards for construction and maintenance because of the larger volumes of traffic they carry. Collector roads disperse traffic from arterials to large forest areas. Local roads, used to access specific project areas or sites, are usually less than two miles long and of lower standard construction.

About seventy-percent of Forest Service road miles are unsurfaced. Many of these unsurfaced roads are nearing seventy years in age. Several miles of Level 2 system roads have portions difficult for larger vehicles to negotiate. Most of the roads were constructed by the Civilian Conservation Corps in the 1930s for fire and watershed protection. These roads are narrow, steep, native-surfaced travel ways with few, if any, turnouts and few minimal drainage features. These roads are designated as Level 2 maintenance and make up the bulk of the road system. The amount of use these roads currently receive was not anticipated in the 1930's, nor was the size of today's fire engines.

Table 3: NFTS Roads Open to Public in Analysis Area Road Number NAME Miles 1N01 Pipes Canyon 8.18 2N01 Broom Flats 5.07 2N02 Arrastre Creek 10.24 2N02A Arrastre Creek Spur 0.16 2N02F Arrastre Creek Spur F 0.10

10 San Bernardino National Forest Big Bear Place Off-Highway Vehicle Travel Analysis Process

Table 3: NFTS Roads Open to Public in Analysis Area Road Number NAME Miles 2N02G Arrastre Creek Spur 0.11 2N02H Arrastre Creek Spur H 0.23 2N04 Balky Horse 2.73 2N06X Lower Larga Flat 3.20 2N09 Polique Canyon 1.89 2N09A Polique Canyon Spur 0.60 2N61Y 2N61Y 3.45 2N61YA 2N61YA 0.10 2N64Y Juniper Springs Group Camp 0.76 2N69Y 2N69Y 0.22 2N70Y Rattlesnake Canyon 1.27 2N71 Blue Quartz 0.02 2N73Y 2N73Y 0.96 2N74Y 2N74Y 0.32 2N75Y 2N75Y 1.35 2N76Y Antelope Creek 1.41 2N76YA Antelope Creek Spur 0.10 2N76YB Antelope Ck Spur 0.33 2N84B Little Bear Spring Spur B 0.68 2N86Y 2N86Y 0.77 2N87Y 2N87Y 2.64 2N88Y 2N88Y 0.25 2N89Y Round Valley Group Cg 0.66 2N90 Tip Top Mountain 1.73 2N90A Tip Top Mtn Spur A 0.13 2N90B Tip Top Mtn Spur B 0.46 2N90C Tip Top Mtn Spur C 0.79 2N91Y 2N91Y 0.39 3N02 Burnt Flat 1.50 3N03 Smarts Ranch 7.34 3N03A Horsethief Flat 1.13 3N03F Smarts Ranch Spur F 0.57 3N03G Smarts Ranch Spur 0.29 3N05 Gold Fever 1.07 3N07 Van Dusen Creek 1.75 3N07A Van Dusen Creek Spur 0.20 3N07Y Smart Spring 1.19 3N08 Holcomb Creek 4.50

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Table 3: NFTS Roads Open to Public in Analysis Area Road Number NAME Miles 3N09 Van Dusen Canyon 1.98 3N10 John Bull Flat 5.58 3N10A John Bull Flat Spur 0.32 3N10B John Bull Flat Spur 0.20 3N11 Wright Mine 1.54 3N11A Wright Mine 0.12 3N12 Delamar Mountain 3.00 3N12C Delamar Mountain Spur C 0.40 3N12E North Delamar 0.80 3N14 Coxey 12.82 3N14A Coxey Spur 1.80 3N14F Big Pine Flats Station & Cg 1.05 3N14G Coxey Spur G 0.35 3N16 Holcomb Valley 19.91 3N16A Holcomb Valley Spur 0.14 3N16E Holcomb Valley Campground 0.46 3N16L Holcomb Valley Spur 0.69 3N17 White Mountain 8.36 3N17D North Peak 1.17 3N19 3N19 0.50 3N32 Hepburn Mine 1.38 3N43 Harvey Mine 0.82 3N54 Furnace 0.73 3N56 3N56 0.20 3N59 Carbine Flat 3.82 3N59A Carbine Flat Spur A 1.37 3N61 Jacoby Canyon 2.86 3N69 Gold Mountain 1.48 3N76 3N76 1.20 3N77A 3N77A 0.20 3N79 Tanglewood Group Campground 1.07 3N80 Delamar 0.19 3N81 3N81 0.30 3N82 3N82 0.65 3N83 3N83 1.35 3N83A 3N83A 0.42 3N84 3N84 1.32 3N89 Hitchcock 0.63

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Table 3: NFTS Roads Open to Public in Analysis Area Road Number NAME Miles 3N90 Greenlead Creek 1.48 3N92 Big Pine Flat 1.03 3N93 Holcomb Creek 5.79 3N97 Cienega Larga 1.88 3N97B Ironwood Group Campground 0.33 4N16 Grapevine Canyon 1.87 4N16A Horse Springs 1.11 Miles Total 165.51

Table 4: NFTS Roads Closed to Public in Analysis Area Road Number Name Miles 1N01A Onyx 0.12 1N01B Pipes Cg 0.08 2N01A Broom Flat Spur A 0.40 2N01B Broom Flat Spur 0.73 2N02B Arrastre Creek Spur B 0.17 2N02C Rose Mine 0.28 2N06XA Lower Larga Flat Spur 0.61 2N09B Polique Canyon Spur 0.30 2N09C Bertha Peak (4wd) 1.04 2N12Y Gold Hill Mine 0.76 2N61YA 2N61YA 0.15 2N61YB Sleepy Creek 2.26 2N62Y 2N62Y 0.97 2N68Y 2N68Y 0.97 2N71Y 2N71Y 0.16 2N83Y 2N83Y 0.91 2N94Y 2N94Y 1.08 2N95Y 2N95Y 0.32 3N03C Smarts Ranch Spur C 0.35 3N03D Smarts Ranch Spur D 0.67 3N04Y 3N04Y 0.80 3N08A YP#34 0.11 3N09A Van Dusen Cyn Spur 0.72 3N11B Wright Mine Spur 0.51 3N11C Wright Mine Spur 0.76 3N12A Delamar Mountain Spur A 0.20 3N12B Delamar Mountain Spur B 0.30

13 San Bernardino National Forest Big Bear Place Off-Highway Vehicle Travel Analysis Process

Table 4: NFTS Roads Closed to Public in Analysis Area Road Number Name Miles 3N14D Little Pine Flats 0.43 3N14E Coxey Spur E 0.41 3N14GA YP#7 0.02 3N16B Holcomb Valley Spur B 0.18 3N16C Holcomb Valley Spur C 0.38 3N16J Holcomb Valley Spur 0.14 3N16P Section One Spur 0.31 3N17E South Peak Spur 1.50 3N18 3N18 0.27 3N23 Lithuanian 0.71 3N25 Plantation 0.67 3N26 3N26 1.41 3N27 3N27 0.15 3N41 Hawes Ranch 0.45 3N59B Carbine Flat Spur B 2.70 3N64 3N64 1.67 3N64A 3N64A 0.62 3N76A 3N76A 0.11 3N81A 3N81A 0.05 3N87 3N87 1.04 3N88 Crystal Creek 1.04 3N92A Big Pine Flat Spur 0.18 3N95 Coxey Creek 2.86 3N95 Coxey Creek 3.59 3N96 3N96 0.50 3N97A Cienega Larga Spur A 0.45 3N97C Cienega Larga Spur C 0.24 3N97D YP#6 0.07 3N98 Pine Spring 2.71 3N99 3N99 1.69 Miles Total 42.26

Social and Economic Environment ______Social considerations include the social value that public lands provide to the various visiting and surrounding population and, conversely, how the demographic makeup and values of people influence how the public lands are managed. Humans are part of the ecosystem and are integral to management of the National Forests in perpetuity. The SBNF lies within San Bernardino and Riverside counties, which are home to approximately 3.3 million people. The populations surrounding the SBNF are typically much higher in density than the rest of California and the

14 San Bernardino National Forest Big Bear Place Off-Highway Vehicle Travel Analysis Process national average. In addition to being dense, the populations are in immediate proximity to the SBNF boundaries.

Table 5: Communities Near the Analysis Area County Community Population * Population trend Proximity to over last 10 years * Analysis Area San 2,035,210 19% Increase Bernardino Hesperia 90,173 44% Increase 5 miles West Apple Valley 69,135 27% Increase 6.6 miles Northwest Victorville 115,903 81% Increase 10.5 miles Northwest Big Bear City/Big 17,323 2% Increase 0.6 miles South Bear Lake Lake Arrowhead 12,424 39% Increase 1.4 miles Southwest San Bernardino 209,924 13% Increase 9.8 miles Southwest Riverside 2,189,641 41% Increase Riverside 303,871 19% Increase 22.5 miles Southwest Los 9,818,605 3% Increase Angeles Los Angeles 3,792,621 2.6% Increase 60.6 miles Southwest *2010 Census

Table 6: Ownership in Analysis Area Ownership Total Acres USDA Forest Service 66,045 Non Forest Service 924 Acres Total 66,969

In southern California, sustainable resource use is tied to consumptive recreation uses that potentially damage the landscape. Economic health is related to changes in the landscape by intrusion of urban infrastructures such as roads, utilities, water diversions and other permitted activities. (FEIS 2005, pp. 230-238)

The SBNF's transportation system originates from the roads that are under state, county and local jurisdiction that link to the NFTS roads. The state highways range from two lane paved rural highways, to multi–lane highways and Interstate freeways. SBNF Highways are specially designated State Highways and County Roads that provide safe and adequate transportation access to and through NFS lands for visitors, recreationists, resource users, and others. SBNF Highways link to NFTS roads, assist rural and community economic development and promote

15 San Bernardino National Forest Big Bear Place Off-Highway Vehicle Travel Analysis Process tourism and travel. Caltrans maintains an inventory of designated Forest highways for the public land highway component of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (TEA-21). California State Highway 18 provides the primary access into the analysis area. A few NFTS roads provide further access into more remote areas. The communities around Big Bear Lake have the easiest access to the analysis area, but the fast-growing desert communities of Hesperia and Victorville exert a major influence on this area. Rapid urbanization along the northern edge of the SBNF is encroaching upon NFS land across a boundary that has few natural barriers, and affecting species habitat, primarily through resultant unauthorized OHV use.

Table 7: Other Road Systems in Analysis Area ID Name Miles 18 State Highway 3.6

Special use authorizations allow occupancy, use, or rights and privileges on NFS land by federal, state and local agencies, private industry, and individuals. Special use authorizations may include permits, leases, or easements. Non-recreation special uses vary from low-intensity, often short- term actions such as filming or locations for scientific instruments, to major developed facilities such as radio and television transmission sites, oil and gas pipelines, dams, and power, phone, and cable transmission lines.

Utility rights-of-way cross NFS lands. Gas pipelines, a sewer outfall, and numerous underground and overhead utility lines are present across the analysis area.

The analysis area includes many sites used for a variety of activities authorized under non- recreation special use permits. Parts of the analysis area, in particular Holcomb Valley, have been used for movie and television productions and commercial shoots, and a large number of new media production requests are received each year. The military occasionally conducts training exercises in the analysis area. There are a several permits for spring and water developments in the analysis area. The analysis area also includes cattle grazing allotments that are currently vacant.

Recreation Recreation is currently the predominant use of the SBNF. As surrounding populations have soared, National Forests have become a primary source of natural open-space based recreation activities. Recreation is highly concentrated in areas that are relatively flat with roaded access (e.g., valley bottoms and forested mountain valleys and plateaus). Developed recreation facilities have been constructed to offer recreation experiences, protect resources or otherwise manage visitor activities. Many developed recreation facilities are now heavily used through three seasons and have trouble accommodating large groups and visitors driving longer and wider recreation vehicles.

OHV recreation use in the analysis area is concentrated on designated NFTS roads and trails primarily along the northern slope of the San Bernardino Mountains. The analysis area concentrates on the system of roads and trails that are currently designated for OHV use in the northwest part of the SBNF. Within the analysis area there are 59.2 miles of NFTS trails, of which 16.2 miles are identified as “Green Sticker” that are open to OHV use, and there are 209.5

16 San Bernardino National Forest Big Bear Place Off-Highway Vehicle Travel Analysis Process miles of NFTS roads in the analysis area, of which 48.9 miles are identified as “Green Sticker” that are open to OHV use. The OHV use has five distinct areas of use because of how the designated roads and trails limit the continuity between areas. These areas are best defined by the parking areas that support them. Baldy Mesa (Trestles) OHV Staging Area is located on the Front Country Ranger District in the Cajon Pass and primarily serves the OHV system to the northwest of Interstate Highway 15; and on average receives approximately 100 vehicles per week. Summit OHV Staging Area is also located on the Front Country Ranger District in the Cajon Pass and primarily serves the OHV system to the east of Interstate Highway 15 up to Silverwood Lake State Recreation Area, and on average receives approximately 75 vehicles per week. The OHV use on the Front Country Ranger District is heaviest during the fall, winter and spring.

Miller Canyon OHV Staging Area is located on the Mountaintop Ranger District east of Silverwood Lake State Recreation Area, and on average receives approximately 80 vehicles per week. The two areas that access the analysis area are Pinnacles OHV Staging Area and Cactus Flat OHV Staging Area. Pinnacles OHV Staging Area is also located on the Mountaintop Ranger District to the north of Lake Arrowhead, and on average receives approximately 75 vehicles per week. Cactus Flat OHV Staging Area is located on the Mountaintop Ranger District to the east of Big Bear Lake and Baldwin Lake; and on average receives approximately 60 vehicles per week. The OHV use on the Mountaintop Ranger District is heaviest during the spring, summer, and fall.

The Pinnacles OHV Staging Area is located to the north of Lake Arrowhead on Crab Flats OHV NFTS road 3N34. The staging area has ample parking, vault toilets, trash cans, and a few shaded picnic tables. Overnight camping is permitted, however open fires (wood and charcoal) are never permitted. The Beginner Loop OHV NFTS trail 3W09 is a short one half mile loop trail open to vehicles 50 inches or less at the Pinnacles OHV Staging Area, and is great for riders new to the activity. 3N34 is just over 14 miles long and travels from State Highway 173 to Holcomb Valley OHV NFTS road 3N16 at the Crab Flats Campground. The portion of 3N34 between State Highway 173 and the Pinnacles OHV Staging Area is restricted to street legal vehicles only. Non-street legal vehicles must be transported to the Pinnacles OHV Staging Area, and not staged or ridden on State Highway 173. Arrowhead Fish and Game Conservation Club was established in 1966 and is located along State Highway 173 south of Pinnacles OHV Staging Area. The facilities include a trap range and a rifle and pistol range. The hiking Pinnacles NFTS trail 3W16 begins at the entrance to the rifle range on Highway 173, north of Rock Camp and ends at the top of the Pinnacles peak. From the top, on clear days you can look into Mojave Desert.

The Pinnacles OHV Staging Area is connected to a series of loops. The first loop is open to vehicles 50 inches or less beginning with 3W49 traveling southwest toward 3W14. Metate OHV NFTS trail 3W11 travels 2.2 miles east and connects 3W49 to Northshore OHV NFTS trail 3W65. 3W65 travels 4.7 miles between 3N34 and 3W13. The second loop is also open to vehicles 50 inches or less beginning with 3W65 travelling southeast toward 3W13. Sewer Pond OHV NFTS trail 3W13 travels 4.6 miles between 3N34 and Banff OHV NFTS road 2N28Y. This loop is extended by the Ash Meadows OHV NFTS road 2N75 that runs just under 2 miles from Yosemite Drive in Lake Arrowhead at 3W13 to 3N34, or by Plantation OHV NFTS road

17 San Bernardino National Forest Big Bear Place Off-Highway Vehicle Travel Analysis Process

2N29Y that is approximately a mile and a half from 2N28Y to 3N34. At 2N28Y a loop can be made by connecting to Rouse Ranch OHV NFTS road 2N25. 2N28Y travels from the junction with North Shore Spur NFTS road 2N96 (street legal only road) to the junction with Skyline OHV NFTS road 2N27Y and 2N25. 2N25 runs approximately 2.5 miles from Torrey Pine Road near State Highway 173 at the Lake Arrowhead dam to the junction with 3N34. This loop is extended by 2N27Y that is just over one mile long and connects 2N28Y to 3N34. North Shore Campground has amenities include firewood, flush toilets and hiking trails and is accessed by North Shore National Recreation Trail / Little Bear Spring NFTS trail 3W12 and North Shore Campground NFTS road 2N95.

Traveling east along 3N34 from the Pinnacles OHV Staging Area, the Willow Bypass OHV NFTS road 3N33X runs from the Pinnacles OHV Staging area east for 1.3 miles over a challenging ridge to rejoin 3N34. The Bypass and 3N34 are known as the "Willow Creek Jeep Trail". The portion of 3N34 known as "Dishpan Springs" is approximately 2 miles long and travels from the Deep Creek Bridge to Fisherman’s Camp trailhead, and is rated as "most difficult." East past Squints Ranch NFTS road 3N38, Devils Hole OHV NFTS road 3N34D travels 1.75 miles to the northeast from 3N34 to Deep Creek. Motorcycle OHV NFTS trail 2W01 begins at end of 3N34D and connects with Carbine Flat OHV NFTS road 3N59. Further east on 3N34 Splinters Cabin Day Use Area is accessed by Splinters Cabin NFTS road 3N34C and is an excellent starting point to visit Deep Creek in the Lake Arrowhead area. The PCT is a short walk from the parking lot, and the PCT traveling north from Splinters Cabin follows Deep Creek for 14 miles.

Deep Creek is a popular native trout fishery and swimming are favorite visitor activities in the area. T6 Interpretive Site is located along 3N34 just past Splinter’s Cabin. Past Fisherman’s/ Crab Creek NFTS trail 2W07, Tent Peg Group Campground is off 3N34, accessed by Tent Peg OHV NFTS road 2N33Y. Amenities include accessible vault toilets, charcoal pits, and picnic tables. Popular activities include OHV riding, hiking, and bicycling. Crab Flat Loop OHV NFTS road 2N31Y and Crab Flats Spur OHV NFTS road 3N34B are along 3N34 between Tent Peg Group Campground and Crab Flats Campground. Crab Flats Campground is a family campground located in an area with tall pines, oaks and cedar trees. Crab Flats has 29 sites with a space length of 15 feet. There is no overflow parking and no large RVs are allowed. This campground is for off-road vehicle oriented camping. Redonda Ridge OHV NFTS trail 1W17 is open to vehicles 50 inches or less and travels 9.68 miles from just west of Crab Flats Campground on 3N34 to just north of the Big Pine Flat Campground.

Holcomb Valley OHV NFTS road 3N16 runs just over 26 miles from Green Valley Lake Road to the Dump Access Road near Baldwin Lake. While the road is 26 miles long, only the11 miles from the Crab Flats Campground junction with 3N34 to NFTS OHV road 3N17 are open to non-street legal vehicles. Along 3N16 heading northeast, Holcomb Creek NFTS road 3N93 heads east, the PCT crosses at this junction, Lower Larga Flat NFTS road 2N06X heads east, and Cienega Larga NFTS road 3N97 head east prior to 3N16 crossing Coxey NFTS road 3N14 at Big Pine Flat Campground. Big Pine Flat Equestrian Group Campground is located in a pine forest at an elevation of 6820 feet. Amenities include a large fire ring, picnic tables, vault restrooms, water and 4 horse corrals. Big Pine Flat Family Campground has 19 sites and is available on a first-come first-served basis. There is an on-site campground host, and campsites

18 San Bernardino National Forest Big Bear Place Off-Highway Vehicle Travel Analysis Process include picnic table, fire ring, and drinking water. 3N14 travels 17.8 miles from Fawnskin to the northern SBNF boundary where it connects into the BLM OHV system, eventually ending up in the outskirts of Apple Valley.

Along 3N97 east of the OHV system in the area, Ironwood Group Campground is in a pine forest at an elevation of 6,637 feet. Ironwood Group Campground is a reservation only campground. Amenities include picnic tables, 1 group fire ring, barbeque grill and vault toilets. Hiking, biking, target shooting, and OHV trails are available nearby. Additionally, Big Bear Yellow-post sites 6, 7, and 34 are individual camping sites within the analysis area that are east of the OHV system in the area. Little Bear Springs Trail Camp is along the PCT near Holcomb Creek. Big Pine Flat Recreational Shooting Sites 1, 2, and 3 are located along 3N14 east of Big Pine Flat Campground. From 3N14, a small system of trails open to mountain bikes begins with Hawes Ranch NFTS trail 2W14 at 3N41 by Little Pine Flat, travels south 4.3 miles to the PCT, follows the PCT east for a ¼ mile to Holcomb Crossing NFTS trail 2W08 between the Holcomb Crossing and Bench Trail Camps on the PCT, and finally heads south on 2W08 for 1.4 miles to Tent Peg Campground. Big Pine Flat OHV NFTS road 3N92 is a short one mile road that connects Wright Mine OHV NFTS road 3N11 to 1W17, allowing riders to loop back to Crab Flats Campground on 3N16. 3N11 runs 1.5 mile from 3N16 to White Mountain OHV NFTS road 3N17. Riders can loop back onto 3N16 from 3N17.

A small 2/10 of a mile cut-off OHV NFTS road 3N56 allows for a shorter loop. 3N17 travels 8 miles over White Mountain to the junction with Grapevine Canyon OHV NFTS road 4N16. 4N16 is a 2 mile road that travels from the junction of Coxey OHV Road 3N14 to the SBNF boundary in the north. Non-street legal vehicles are only permitted between 4N16 and the northern SBNF boundary where it connects into the BLM OHV system. Horse Springs Campground is accessed off of 4N16 by Horse Springs NFTS road 4N16A. The campground has 11 single-family campsites available year round on a first-come-first-serve basis with picnic tables, fires rings, and vault toilets. At the junction with 4N16, 3N14 is designated for Green Sticker Vehicle use to the northwest to the SBNF boundary, approximately 4 miles. 3N59 travels 4 miles from Coxey OHV NFTS road 3N14. At the end of 3N59, motorcycle Devils Hole OHV NFTS trail 2W01 begins towards 2N34D for 2.7 miles, and is open to vehicles 24 inches or less. Carbine Flat Spur A OHV NFTS road 3N59A travels 4.8 miles from the junction with 3N59 along the northern SBNF boundary terminating onto a BLM road that is part of the BLM’s OHV system. The road continues west on the BLM to Deep Creek Road in Hesperia.

The Cactus Flat OHV Staging Area is located to the northwest of Baldwin Lake on Smarts Ranch OHV Road 3N03. There is a vault toilet and a couple of shaded picnic tables at the staging area along with ample parking and informational signs. Camping is allowed, but campfires (wood and charcoal) are not allowed. Smart’s Ranch OHV Road 3N03 travels 7.4 miles from State Highway 18 in Cactus Flats into Lone Valley ending at the junction with Arrastre Creek Road 2N02. Joshua Loop OHV Trail 2E20.1 is 8/10 mile OHV loop at the Cactus Flats OHV Staging Area. Vista OHV Trail 2E20.2 is a 2.10 mile trail connecting Cactus Flats OHV Staging Area with Pinyon OHV Trail 2E20.3. Pinyon OHV Trail 2E20.3 is 1.9 miles long and runs between the Joshua Loop 2E20.1 and Forest Road 3N03. Vista OHV Trail Connector 2E20.4 and Pinyon OHV Trail Connector 2E20.5 are short 1/10 mile connectors between 2E20.2 and 2E20.3.

19 San Bernardino National Forest Big Bear Place Off-Highway Vehicle Travel Analysis Process

Arrastre Creek OHV Road 2N02 is just under 13 miles long and runs from Baldwin Lake Road to the eastern SBNF boundary, continuing on to Pioneertown in the Morongo Valley. Non- street legal vehicles are only permitted from the junction of 3N07Y with Smarts Ranch OHV Road 3N03 to the junction with OHV Road 2N61Y. Non-street legal vehicles are NOT permitted on 2N02 from Baldwin Lake Road to 3N03. Rattlesnake Canyon OHV Road 2N70Y is a loop road just under a mile in length and runs from 2N02 to OHV Road 2N69Y in the Rose mine/Tip Top Mountain area, northeast of Big Bear. OHV Road 2N69Y is a very short tenth of a mile connector road between 2N02 and 2N70Y. OHV Road 2N61Y is in the Rose mine area northeast of Big Bear and the 4.7 mile road starts and ends on the OHV section of 2N02.

Table 8: NFTS Trails in Analysis Area with Authorized Use Trail Number Trail Name Miles Authorized Use 1W17 Redonda Ridge 8.42 Hiking, Equestrian, OHV, Mountain Biking 2000 Pacific Crest Trail 35.73 Hiking, Equestrian 2E20.1 Joshua Loop 0.80 Hiking, Equestrian, OHV, Mountain Biking 2E20.2 Vista 2.20 Hiking, Equestrian, OHV, Mountain Biking 2E20.3 Pinyon 2.22 Hiking, Equestrian, OHV, Mountain Biking 2E20.4 0.10 Hiking, Equestrian, Mountain Biking 2E20.5 0.08 Hiking, Equestrian, OHV, Mountain Biking 2W01 Devils Hole 2.19 Hiking, Equestrian, Motorcycle, Mountain Biking 2W02 Muddy Springs 3.06 Hiking, Equestrian 2W08 Holcomb Crossing 0.07 Hiking, Equestrian, Mountain Biking 2W14 Hawes Ranch 4.35 Hiking, Equestrian, Mountain Biking

Table 9: Roads & Trails Open to OHV Green Sticker Vehicles in Analysis Area Road/Trail Number Name Miles Authorized Vehicles 2N01 Broom Flats 0.29 All Vehicles 2N02 Arrastre Creek 3.75 All Vehicles 2N61Y 2N61Y 3.59 All Vehicles 2N69Y 2N69Y 0.17 All Vehicles 2N70 Rattlesnake Canyon 1.22 All Vehicles 2N89Y Round Valley Group Campground 0.24 All Vehicles 2N90 Tip Top Mountain 1.73 All Vehicles 3N03 Smarts Ranch 6.05 All Vehicles 3N03F Smarts Ranch Spur F 0.57 All Vehicles 3N07Y Smart Spring 0.05 All Vehicles 3N11 Wright Mine 1.54 All Vehicles 3N14 Coxey 4.08 All Vehicles 3N16 Holcomb Valley 9.77 All Vehicles 3N17 White Mountain 8.36 All Vehicles 3N56 3N56 0.20 All Vehicles

20 San Bernardino National Forest Big Bear Place Off-Highway Vehicle Travel Analysis Process

Table 9: Roads & Trails Open to OHV Green Sticker Vehicles in Analysis Area Road/Trail Number Name Miles Authorized Vehicles 3N59 Carbine Flat 3.82 All Vehicles 3N59A Carbine Flat Spur A 1.37 All Vehicles 3N92 Big Pine Flat 0.33 All Vehicles 4N16 Grapevine Canyon 1.87 All Vehicles 2E20.1 Joshua Loop 0.80 Vehicles 50 inches or less 2E20.2 Vista 2.20 Vehicles 50 inches or less 2E20.3 Pinyon 2.22 Vehicles 50 inches or less 2E20.4 2E20.4 0.10 Vehicles 50 inches or less 2E20.5 2E20.5 0.08 Vehicles 50 inches or less 1W17 Redonda Ridge 8.42 Vehicles 50 inches or less 2W01 Devils Hole 2.19 Vehicles 24 inches or less Miles Total 65.44

Table 10: Developed Recreation Sites in Analysis Area Name Type Acres Big Pine Equestrian Group Campground Horse Camp 6.30 Big Bear - YP34 Camp Unit 5.27 Horse Springs Campground Campground 16.83 Big Pine Flat Campground Campground 16.73 Big Bear - YP06 Camp Unit 2.34 Ironwood Group Campground Group Campground 1.90 Holcomb Valley Campground Campground 15.07 Little Bear Spring Trail Camp Campground 0.98 Doble Trail Camp Campground 1.16 Tanglewood Group Campground Group Campground 4.67 Bench Camp Camping Area 0.98 Holcomb Crossing Camping Area 0.98 Big Bear - YP07 Camp Unit 0.98 Big Bear - YP31 Camp Unit 1.71 Gold Fever Interpretive Site Interpretive Site (Minor) 0.50 Arrastre Trail Camp Campground 9.32 Cactus Flat OHV Staging Area Trailhead 14.38 Round Valley Group Campground 2.38 Juniper Springs Group Campground Group Campground 2.59

In addition to recreation opportunities for OHV users in the analysis area there are shooting ranges, hiking, equestrian, and mountain biking trails, and campgrounds. Hiking is permitted on all NFS roads and trails. Horseback riding is permitted on all NFTS roads and trails, except for nature trails. Mountain biking is permitted on designated routes, which include NFTS roads and

21 San Bernardino National Forest Big Bear Place Off-Highway Vehicle Travel Analysis Process trails, except for the Pacific Crest National Scenic Trail (PCT), short nature trails, and any trail leading to or inside designated Wilderness areas. The SBNF developed a SBNF-wide shooting plan in 1999 that allows people to enjoy recreational shooting.

The PCT extends from Mexico to Canada, traversing about 160 miles of the SBNF. The PCT is managed for foot travel and stock use (non-motorized and non-mechanized use) only. There are approximately 35.73 miles of the PCT that cross the analysis area. Volunteers work on parts of the 2,600 mile long PCT both as trail adopters and through regularly scheduled weekend projects (1-4 days) and service trips (5-10 days). Little Bear Springs, Holcomb Crossing, and Bench PCT Trail Camps are hike-in only camp sites. Little Bear Springs camp site contains one picnic table and a fire ring along with a vault restroom, non-potable water, water trough and pipe horse corrals are available for equestrian use.

Heritage Resources Heritage resources (defined as cultural, historical, archaeological, ethnographic, and tribal) represent past human activities or uses and, by their nature, are considered an irreplaceable and nonrenewable resource if not managed for preservation over the long-term. Because heritage resources represent important cultural values, they are of special concern to the public. Interest in our heritage and concern over the destruction of archaeological sites has prompted the passage of national, state, and local levels of legislation that are designed to promote and protect these examples of our nation's historical and traditional legacy.

A variety of archaeological and historical sites are found in the analysis area, ranging from sites of Native American origin dating back thousands of years up to mid-20th century recreation and other historic use of NFS lands. Traditional North American sites found in the Big Bear Backcountry Place are ethnographically thought to represent yet another grouping of Serrano.

Both of these Places were extensively used for ranching from the end of the Mexican Period onward, although the eastern end of the Big Bear Back Country Place is better known for its colorful gold rush mining history. These areas have been visited by recreationalists since at least the 1920s and recreational sites and roads were constructed by the CCC throughout these places in the 1930s, even though these Places were still in use as the Coxey Grazing Allotment. In addition, many currently-used roads and trails are also sites themselves. Many were originally Native American trails, early Immigrant roads used as cattle driveways or to access mining claims, or CCC roads that are no longer part of the NFTS.

Physical and Natural Resources ______The SBNF is approximately 671,686 acres of NFS lands. The analysis area is located in San Bernardino County on the north slope of the San Bernardino Mountain range which extends along the southern edge of the Mojave Desert, and down the Cajon pass.

The rugged wildland landscapes of southern California (which visually represent our western frontier heritage) are increasingly valued for the visual contrast they provide in a rapidly urbanizing region. The contrast between the urban and natural settings is the unique characteristic that distinguishes this area from other regions of the country. Landscape management is used to meet people's scenery expectations for the management of National

22 San Bernardino National Forest Big Bear Place Off-Highway Vehicle Travel Analysis Process

Forest landscapes. To ensure that scenic integrity is maintained, six scenic integrity objectives were established, derived from the landscape's attractiveness and the public's expectations or concerns. Each scenic integrity objective depicts a level of scenic integrity used to direct landscape management: very high (unaltered), high (appears unaltered), moderate (slightly altered), low (moderately altered), and very low (heavily altered). Generally, the landscape in the analysis area is classified as high. (Forest Plan)

The climate for the analysis area varies from a warm temperate with marine influence (Mediterranean) to transitional high desert (Mojave) to a vertically differentiated complex mountain climate. Annual precipitation is as low as four inches of rain in the desert to as high as 10 to 25 inches of rain and snow at higher locations. The land has steep mountains with rounded summits and narrow canyons. Elevations range from 3,000 feet to 8,000 feet. The steeper reaches of slopes are barren and show evidence of fractured rock and landslides. Canyons have steep rocky sides that are covered with large boulders.

Soils and Watershed Comprised of steep, naturally erosive mountains formed by dynamic geologic forces, the watersheds of the SBNF provide a relatively direct delivery system for precipitation and sediment to reach streams. River systems serve as ecological corridors that connect the mountains to the sea. Dry land river systems are dominated by short, high magnitude storm events. In areas with substantial coarse alluvium, many arid rivers exhibit braided channel morphology. The combination of high intensity rainfall events, poor soil development, and steep slopes often generates high magnitude storm events that transform stream channel morphology and associated riparian habitat, which should be recognized when describing aquatic and riparian habitat areas and evaluating potential human impacts on stream channel morphology and aquatic and riparian habitat in southern California. Within the SBNF, warm air temperatures coupled with often-shallow soils result in low available moisture to support plant growth and thus lower levels of cover for soil erosion protection.

Riparian ecosystems are characterized by the presence of trees, shrubs or herbaceous vegetation that requires free or unbound water, or by conditions that are moister than those of surrounding areas. On most areas on the SBNF, annual precipitation does not exceed losses to transpiration and evaporation; moisture availability is frequently a limiting factor affecting vegetation location, pattern, and composition. Riparian Conservation Areas (buffer zones around perennial and intermittent streams, water bodies, etc.) are managed primarily to protect and maintain the following important habitat components for threatened and endangered species and non- federally-listed fish, wildlife, and plant species habitat: a) water quality; b) water quantity; c) site productivity; d) channel stability; and e) riparian vegetation.

In the Big Bear Back Country Place, Holcomb Creek, Arrastre Creek, and Coxey Pond provide perennial water sources for wildlife. Caribou Creek, Jacoby Creek, and Coxey Creek are also important, as are the many other intermittent and ephemeral streams/drainages, seeps, and springs present.

23 San Bernardino National Forest Big Bear Place Off-Highway Vehicle Travel Analysis Process

Table 11: Riparian Conservation Areas in Analysis Area RCA Type RCA Name Acres Total Acres Lake Baldwin Lake 70.08 Lake Big Bear Lake 3.89 Lake Lake - Other 84.71 158.69 Meadow Big Pine Flat Meadow 9.43 Meadow Erwin Meadows 31.72 Meadow John Bull Meadow 5.95 Meadow Little Pipes Meadow 2.79 Meadow Rose Mine Meadow 200.45 Meadow Onyx Meadow 175.38 Meadow Meadow - Other 12.66 438.39 Spring Cactus Spring 0.57 Spring Chipmunk Spring 0.57 Spring Cup Spring 0.57 Spring Granite Spring 0.57 Spring Hopi Spring 0.57 Spring Mill Spring 0.57 Spring Mud Spring 0.57 Spring Muddy Spring 0.57 Spring Pine Spring 0.57 Spring Piñon Spring 0.57 Spring Rattlesnake Spring 0.57 Spring Shay Spring 0.57 Spring Smart Spring 0.57 Spring Spring - Other 1.72 9.18 Stream 100 Arrastre Creek 1023.64 Stream 100 Caribou Creek 509.21 Stream 100 Coxey Creek 938.59 Stream 100 Deep Creek 269.22 Stream 100 Holcomb Creek 2426.37 5167.03 Stream 30 Antelope Creek 330.55 Stream 30 Cox Creek 435.56 Stream 30 Grapevine Creek 19.67 Stream 30 Greenlead Creek 115.37 Stream 30 Polique Canyon 0.03 Stream 30 Rattlesnake Canyon 379.45 Stream 30 Rock Springs 132.48 Stream 30 Silver Creek 4.97 Stream 30 Viscera Spring 16.14 Stream 30 Stream - Other 139.66 139.66 Acres Total 7347.16

24 San Bernardino National Forest Big Bear Place Off-Highway Vehicle Travel Analysis Process

Table 12: Road Water Crossings in Analysis Area Road Number Road Name Miles Waterbody Name 1N01 Pipes Canyon 0.06 Antelope Creek 1N01 Pipes Canyon 2.38 Onyx Meadow 1N01B Pipes Campground 0.01 Onyx Meadow 2N01 Broom Flats 0.48 Arrastre Creek 2N01 Broom Flats 0.54 Rose Mine Meadow 2N02 Arrastre Creek 0.66 Arrastre Creek 2N02 Arrastre Creek 0.24 Meadow - Other 2N02 Arrastre Creek 0.35 Rattlesnake Canyon 2N02 Arrastre Creek 1.37 Rose Mine Meadow 2N02A Arrastre Creek Spur 0.03 Rattlesnake Canyon 2N02B Arrastre Creek Spur B 0.06 Rattlesnake Canyon 2N02C Rose Mine 0.02 Rose Mine Meadow 2N02F Arrastre Creek Spur F 0.04 Arrastre Creek 2N02H Arrastre Creek Spur H 0.06 Arrastre Creek 2N04 Balky Horse 0.74 Arrastre Creek 2N06X Lower Larga Flat 0.59 Holcomb Creek 2N06XA Lower Larga Flat Spur 0.03 Holcomb Creek 2N09 Polique Canyon 0.25 Holcomb Creek 2N09 Polique Canyon 0.00 Poligue Canyon 2N09C Bertha Peak 0.00 Poligue Canyon 2N12Y Gold Hill Mine 0.03 Erwin Meadows 2N61Y 2N61Y 0.76 Rattlesnake Canyon 2N61YB Sleepy Creek 0.58 Antelope Creek 2N61YB Sleepy Creek 0.12 Rattlesnake Canyon 2N62Y 2N62Y 0.07 Rattlesnake Canyon 2N64Y Juniper Springs Group Camp 0.40 Arrastre Creek 2N70Y Rattlesnake Canyon 0.26 Rattlesnake Canyon 2N71 Blue Quartz 0.02 Big Bear Lake 2N73Y 2N73Y 0.54 Rattlesnake Canyon 2N74Y 2N74Y 0.13 Rattlesnake Canyon 2N75Y 2N75Y 0.10 Rattlesnake Canyon 2N76Y Antelope Creek 0.12 Antelope Creek 2N83Y 2N83Y 0.45 Arrastre Creek 2N84B Little Bear Spring Spur B 0.05 Holcomb Creek 2N86Y 2N86Y 0.04 Arrastre Creek 2N87Y 2N87Y 0.05 Arrastre Creek 2N87Y 2N87Y 0.06 Erwin Meadows 2N89Y Round Valley Group Campground 0.15 Rattlesnake Canyon 2N89Y Round Valley Group Campground 0.03 Rose Mine Meadow 2N89Y Round Valley Group Campground 0.00 Spring - Other

25 San Bernardino National Forest Big Bear Place Off-Highway Vehicle Travel Analysis Process

Table 12: Road Water Crossings in Analysis Area Road Number Road Name Miles Waterbody Name 2N90 Tip Top Mountain 0.07 Rose Mine Meadow 2N90C Tip Top Mtn Spur C 0.14 Viscera Spring 2N94Y 2N94Y 0.03 Holcomb Creek 2N95Y 2N95Y 0.04 Holcomb Creek 3N02 Burnt Flat 0.10 Stream - Other 3N03 Smarts Ranch 2.12 Arrastre Creek 3N03A Horsethief Flat 0.06 Arrastre Creek 3N03C Smarts Ranch Spur C 0.22 Arrastre Creek 3N03D Smarts Ranch Spur D 0.17 Arrastre Creek 3N04Y 3N04Y 0.07 Holcomb Creek 3N05 Gold Fever 0.78 Caribou Creek 3N07 Van Dusen Creek 1.03 Caribou Creek 3N08 Holcomb Creek 1.74 Holcomb Creek 3N08 Holcomb Creek 0.01 Lake - Other 3N09 Van Dusen Canyon 1.47 Caribou Creek 3N09A Van Dusen Cyn Spur 0.05 Caribou Creek 3N10 John Bull Flat 0.55 Holcomb Creek 3N10 John Bull Flat 0.12 John Bull Meadow 3N10 John Bull Flat 0.07 Stream - Other 3N11 Wright Mine 0.37 Cox Creek 3N11C Wright Mine Spur 0.14 Cox Creek 3N12 Delamar Mountain 0.19 Holcomb Creek 3N12 Delamar Mountain 0.26 Holcomb Creek 3N12 Delamar Mountain 0.26 Holcomb Creek 3N12 Delamar Mountain 0.03 Holcomb Creek 3N12 Delamar Mountain 0.03 Holcomb Creek 3N12 Delamar Mountain 0.06 Lake - Other 3N12A Delamar Mountain Spur A 0.01 Holcomb Creek 3N12B Delamar Mountain Spur B 0.03 Holcomb Creek 3N12C Delamar Mountain Spur C 0.17 Holcomb Creek 3N14 Coxey 0.92 Cox Creek 3N14 Coxey 0.58 Coxey Creek 3N14 Coxey 0.30 Holcomb Creek 3N14 Coxey 0.03 Holcomb Creek 3N14 Coxey 0.02 Holcomb Creek 3N14 Coxey 0.00 Holcomb Creek 3N14 Coxey 0.03 Hopi Spring 3N14 Coxey 0.16 Lake - Other 3N14 Coxey 0.00 Rattlesnake Spring 3N14 Coxey 0.03 Rock Springs 3N14A Coxey Spur 1.75 Coxey Creek

26 San Bernardino National Forest Big Bear Place Off-Highway Vehicle Travel Analysis Process

Table 12: Road Water Crossings in Analysis Area Road Number Road Name Miles Waterbody Name 3N14E Coxey Spur E 0.05 Cox Creek 3N16 Holcomb Valley 0.02 Big Pine Flat Meadow 3N16 Holcomb Valley 0.64 Caribou Creek 3N16 Holcomb Valley 0.29 Cox Creek 3N16 Holcomb Valley 0.23 Greenlead Creek 3N16 Holcomb Valley 2.04 Holcomb Creek 3N16 Holcomb Valley 0.12 Stream - Other 3N16C Holcomb Valley Spur C 0.10 Caribou Creek 3N16E Holcomb Valley Campground 0.01 Caribou Creek 3N17 White Mountain 0.16 Rock Springs 3N17D North Peak 0.05 Stream - Other 3N18 3N18 0.04 Holcomb Creek 3N23 Lithuanian 0.08 Holcomb Creek 3N26 3N26 0.03 Holcomb Creek 3N32 Hepburn Mine 0.04 Caribou Creek 3N41 Hawes Ranch 0.02 Cox Creek 3N54 Furnace 0.35 Holcomb Creek 3N56 3N56 0.06 Greenlead Creek 3N59 Carbine Flat 0.21 Coxey Creek 3N59 Carbine Flat 0.07 Deep Creek 3N59A Carbine Flat Spur A 0.04 Rock Springs 3N59B Carbine Flat Spur B 0.00 Coxey Creek 3N59B Carbine Flat Spur B 0.18 Deep Creek 3N61 Jacoby Canyon 1.08 Stream - Other 3N64 3N64 0.03 Arrastre Creek 3N64 3N64 0.16 Baldwin Lake 3N69 Gold Mountain 0.21 Stream - Other 3N81 3N81 0.04 Holcomb Creek 3N82 3N82 0.04 Holcomb Creek 3N83 3N83 0.08 Holcomb Creek 3N84 3N84 0.04 Greenlead Creek 3N84 3N84 0.05 Holcomb Creek 3N87 3N87 0.03 Holcomb Creek 3N88 Crystal Creek 0.10 Holcomb Creek 3N90 Greenlead Creek 1.37 Greenlead Creek 3N92 Big Pine Flat 0.51 Cox Creek 3N92A Big Pine Flat Spur 0.03 Cox Creek 3N93 Holcomb Creek 3.72 Holcomb Creek 3N93 Holcomb Creek 0.02 Holcomb Creek 3N93 Holcomb Creek 0.01 Holcomb Creek 3N93 Holcomb Creek 0.01 Holcomb Creek

27 San Bernardino National Forest Big Bear Place Off-Highway Vehicle Travel Analysis Process

Table 12: Road Water Crossings in Analysis Area Road Number Road Name Miles Waterbody Name 3N93 Holcomb Creek 0.01 Holcomb Creek 3N93 Holcomb Creek 0.08 Holcomb Creek 3N93 Holcomb Creek 0.30 Lake - Other 3N95 Coxey Creek 0.69 Coxey Creek 3N95 Coxey Creek 2.28 Coxey Creek 3N95 Coxey Creek 2.28 Coxey Creek 3N97 Cienega Larga 0.99 Holcomb Creek 3N97A Cienega Larga Spur A 0.03 Holcomb Creek 3N97B Ironwood Group Campground 0.17 Holcomb Creek 3N97C Cienega Larga Spur C 0.24 Holcomb Creek 3N97D YP#6 0.07 Holcomb Creek 3N98 Pine Spring 0.03 Coxey Creek 3N98 Pine Spring 0.03 Pine Spring 3N99 3N99 0.34 Coxey Creek 4N16 Grapevine Canyon 0.09 Coxey Creek 4N16 Grapevine Canyon 0.08 Rock Springs 4N16A Horse Springs 0.07 Coxey Creek

Table 13: OHV Trail Water Crossings in Analysis Area Trail Number OHV Trail Name Miles Waterbody Name 1W17 Redonda Ridge 0.23 Cox Creek 1W17 Redonda Ridge 0.49 Holcomb Creek 2E20.1 Joshua Loop 0.05 Arrastre Creek 2E20.2 Vista 0.33 Arrastre Creek 2E20.3 Pinyon 0.17 Arrastre Creek 2W01 Devils Hole 0.15 Coxey Creek 2W01 Devils Hole 0.16 Deep Creek

Table 14: Trail Water Crossings in Analysis Area Trail Number Trail Name Miles Waterbody Name 2000.13 Pacific Crest Trail 2.76 Holcomb Creek 2000.14 Pacific Crest Trail 2.31 Holcomb Creek 2000.14 Pacific Crest Trail 0.02 Holcomb Creek 2000.14 Pacific Crest Trail 0.01 Holcomb Creek 2000.14 Pacific Crest Trail 0.00 Holcomb Creek 2000.14 Pacific Crest Trail 0.01 Holcomb Creek 2000.14 Pacific Crest Trail 0.06 Holcomb Creek 2000.14 Pacific Crest Trail 0.26 Lake - Other 2000.15 Pacific Crest Trail 0.67 Holcomb Creek 2000.17 Pacific Crest Trail 0.18 Caribou Creek

28 San Bernardino National Forest Big Bear Place Off-Highway Vehicle Travel Analysis Process

Table 14: Trail Water Crossings in Analysis Area Trail Number Trail Name Miles Waterbody Name 2000.18 Pacific Crest Trail 0.79 Caribou Creek 2000.18 Pacific Crest Trail 0.03 Stream 2000.19 Pacific Crest Trail 0.08 Baldwin Lake 2000.19 Pacific Crest Trail 0.09 Lake - Other 2000.21 Pacific Crest Trail 0.11 Arrastre Creek 2W02 Muddy Springs 0.01 Cox Creek 2W02 Muddy Springs 0.03 Cup Spring 2W02 Muddy Springs 0.07 Holcomb Creek 2W02 Muddy Springs 0.01 Muddy Spring 2W08 Holcomb Crossing 0.02 Holcomb Creek 2W14 Hawes Ranch 0.72 Cox Creek 2W14 Hawes Ranch 0.41 Holcomb Creek

Fire and Vegetation Management The diversity of the vegetation, weather patterns, and topography in the analysis area establishes an environment that supports a broad spectrum of fire behavior. The desert influenced areas experience strong winds in the late spring and summer as the thermal low develops over the Mojave Desert. The pressure gradient between cold marine air and the hot desert sets up strong circulation patterns that leads to gusty and highly variable winds. There is a risk of large-scale high intensity fires, because of forest densification and mortality brought on by drought and associated insect damage. Frequent wildland fires (typically caused by human activities) may result in type conversion from pinyon/juniper, Coulter pine, and chaparral habitats to grassland. Flooding and erosion often occurs when the vegetative cover has burned off. There is a higher frequency of fires adjacent to the transportation corridors. The SBNF’s vegetation management program emphasizes restoring forest health, protecting watersheds, and community protection. Treatments include prescribed fire or mechanical treatments in high hazard chaparral or coniferous forest, designed to limit wildland fire size by providing firefighter access and improved firefighter safety. The ability to protect people and emergency infrastructure during a wildfire depends on safe access for firefighting personnel and areas of reduced fire intensity. Roads are essential to successful fire suppression operations in southern California. Operational Maintenance Level 2 roads typically provide the greatest access for fire engines. Wildland fire engines are now considerably larger than the engines were when these roads were designed and constructed in the 1930s.

Because of the urbanization in and adjacent to the SBNF, most of the analysis area is part of the Wildland/Urban Interface (WUI) environment, and fires continue to be aggressively suppressed. The Wildland-Urban Interface is a variable width up to 1.5 miles from communities at risk or as defined in individual community fire protection plans. The Forest Plan further identifies a direct protection buffer (WUI Defense Zone) and an indirect protection buffer (WUI Threat Zone) that fall within the broader definition of WUI. A WUI Defense Zone is the area directly adjoining structures and evacuation routes that is converted to a less-flammable state to increase defensible space and firefighter safety. Within the analysis area there are approximately 6,473 acres of WUI

29 San Bernardino National Forest Big Bear Place Off-Highway Vehicle Travel Analysis Process

Defense Zone. Fuelbreaks are areas that vegetation has been managed to reduce fire behavior so that firefighting personnel have a higher probability of suppressing wildfires. Generally, fuelbreaks are constructed on ridgetops, along roads, and surrounding communities. Within the analysis area the greatest emphasis for fuelbreaks is around the community of Lake Arrowhead, primarily along NFTS roads.

The Devil, Willow, and Butler 2 fires have occurred within the analysis area in the relatively recent past, and recovery of native vegetation in many areas has been slow.

Wildlife and Plants Plants The Big Back Country Place covers several dominant vegetation types including mixed conifer, pinyon/juniper woodlands, and desert transition/Joshua tree woodlands. It covers a wide range of elevations (from ~2800’ to ~8400’). The biological diversity within the Big Bear Back Country Place is unusually high. Montane meadow, pebble plain, carbonate and vernal mesic habitat support a large number of threatened, endangered, and Region 5 sensitive and watchlist plants.

The area north and east of Big Bear Lake has three habitat types that support a number of federally-endangered or threatened plants and Forest Service Sensitive. Many of them are endemic and occur nowhere else in the world. Pebble plain habitat supports three endangered/threatened plants (ash-gray paintbrush, Bear Valley sandwort, and southern mountain buckwheat). In the analysis area, carbonate plant habitat supports five federally- endangered/threatened plants (Cushenbury buckwheat, San Bernardino Mountains bladderpod, Cushenbury oxytheca, and Parish’s daisy). In meadow habitat in the analysis area, there are four endangered/threatened plants (San Bernardino bluegrass, bird-footed checkerbloom, California taraxacum, and slender-petaled mustard). The analysis are contains designated Critical Habitat for most of these species. In addition to the threatened/endangered plants, those three habitat types contain approximately 25 Sensitive plant species, with roughly 50% of those being endemic. One of the largest concentrations of endemic plant species in California occurs in Belleville Meadow.

Animals Important habitat linkages and movement corridors occur between the National Forest and adjacent private land and between the Angeles and San Bernardino National Forests. Threats to plant and animal species and other sensitive habitat areas include unauthorized vehicle use, dispersed recreation, and wildland fire. All of the analysis area provides habitat for Region 5 sensitive plant and animal species and is important for large mammals, such as mule deer and mountain lion.

The Big Bear Backcountry Place also supports known and suitable habitat for a number of rare animals. California spotted owls, San Bernardino flying squirrels, southern rubber boas and bald eagle, all Forest Service Sensitive species, are all known from this place. California spotted owls and San Bernardino flying squirrels are found in mature mixed conifer forest and old growth habitats, relying on high levels of snags and downed woody material. The southern rubber boa (California state threatened species) is a slow-moving small terrestrial snake that is generally

30 San Bernardino National Forest Big Bear Place Off-Highway Vehicle Travel Analysis Process found in moister areas with a lot of logs and rocky outcrops. The Big Bear Backcountry Place contains several known night roost areas and supports suitable habitat for foraging, nesting, and roosting. Other Sensitive animals known or expected in the Big Bear Backcountry Place include coast horned lizard, aquatic two-striped garter snake, large/yellow-blotched ensatina, coastal rosy boa, San Bernardino mountain kingsnake, San Bernardino ringneck snake, peregrine falcon, Townsend’s big-eared bat, pallid bat, western red bat, and San Bernardino white-eared pocket mouse.

There are a number of known breeding territories and suitable habitat for endangered southwestern willow flycatcher (Holcomb Creek, Arrastre Creek, Jacoby Canyon, Caribou Creek, Deep Creek), as well as designated Critical Habitat (Holcomb and Deep Creeks). The unarmored three-spine stickleback, a minnow-sized endangered fish currently restricted to three small ponds, occurs in the Big Bear Backcountry Place. The federally-endangered mountain yellow-legged frog once thrived in many of the streams in this Place. While no extant occurrences are currently known, suitable habitat exists and they may persist undetected in the Big Bear Backcountry Place.

In addition to the threatened/endangered and Forest Service Sensitive animals, the Big Bear Backcountry Place supports several very rare endemic butterflies with extremely limited distributions. The August checkerspot butterfly is only known from the area around Coxey pond and relies on a species of paintbrush as its host. Three species of blue butterflies are associated with buckwheat species on different pebble plains in the Little Pine Flat, Holcomb Valley, Baldwin Lake, and Arrastre Creek areas. These butterfly species are Region 5 Sensitive species. Another rare invertebrate, the desert monkey grasshopper, also occurs in the Cactus Flats area of the Big Bear place.

Belleville Meadow in Holcomb Valley is one of a few locations in the southern California National Forests where common nighthawks, gray vireos, and gray flycatchers breed. The Big Bear Backcountry Place supports a number of important riparian areas. Aquatic, riparian and forested habitats along Holcomb Creek and Deep Creek support nesting pairs of southwestern willow flycatcher, California spotted owl, San Bernardino flying squirrel, partially armored stickleback, sculpin and rare bats. Naturally reproducing rainbow trout are also present. Coxey Creek, Arrastre Creek, and Jacoby Canyon provide rare perennial water sources and riparian habitat for a diverse array of wildlife species in desert transition habitats.

Man-made ponds (Juniper Springs, Wilbur’s Pond, Coxey Pond) and spring developments provide water sources for wildlife. Juniper Springs pond contains one of the three small isolated populations of endangered unarmored three-spine stickleback and Coxey Pond is being evaluated as a refugia site for the endangered Mojave Tui Chub that once inhabited Deep Creek. The Arrastre Creek riparian corridor also provides a wildlife linkage for the Cushenbury Nelson's bighorn sheep herd to connect to the San Gorgonio herd. Another important habitat linkage occurs on the west side of North Peak extending north to its connection with Fifteen Mile Valley. Excellent habitat for big game species is also present in the Heartbreak Ridge area that is now recommended as an expansion of the Bighorn Mountain Wilderness. Burnt Flats is key winter deer range and a popular game hunting area.

31 San Bernardino National Forest Big Bear Place Off-Highway Vehicle Travel Analysis Process

The Big Bear Backcountry Place has many abandoned mine shafts, some of which are inhabited by rare bats for roosting, hibernating, and maternity colonies. The eastern end of this Place also has a Wild Burro Territory designated by Congress and managed for a small herd of free- roaming burros.

Non-Native Species Non-native plants, particularly those that are invasive and spread quickly, can outcompete native plants forming monocultures that change plant community structure, degrade wildlife habitat, displace rare plant species, and in some cases increase fire frequency and intensity leading to type conversion. Roads and trails provide routes for introduction of invasive species which are carried in on vehicles and equipment from other locations and this threat is greatest when equipment is not cleaned and it is used off of established roads. Newly disturbed soil is particularly vulnerable to invasive species establishment. Maintenance and construction conducted by utilities and other special uses that require off-road access are frequently followed by new invasive plant infestations which pose a significant threat to the local native plant community and increase the risk of spread to other parts of the SBNF.

Invasive plant species infestations on the SBNF, and in particular within the analysis area, are most commonly found at and near construction sites, roads, trails, fuel breaks, and areas where soil has been disturbed and vectors for weed seed and root fragments are, or have been, a factor. Non-native thistles, tree of Heaven, Spanish broom, tree tobacco and fennel also occur in scattered patches at numerous sites in the analysis area. Non-native mustards like short-pod mustard, Russian thistle (tumbleweed), and various invasive annual bromes occur in multiple locations, but with all of these species, vast un-infested areas remain that should be protected from introduction of these species from vectors such as vehicles, run-off, erosion, or construction equipment carrying seed from existing infestations.

The Forest Service has an active invasive plant management program that is focused on detecting new occurrences of non-native invasive plants and eradicating or controlling them. In addition to non-native plants, there are non-native animals known from the analysis area. Non-native animals can out-compete native species for limited resources such as food and breeding sites. They can prey also on native species, directly affecting population numbers. They can also degrade habitat and introduce diseases and pathogens. Non-native animals known from the analysis area include goldfish and other aquarium fish in creeks and ponds (compete with and prey on native fish, amphibians, and aquatic invertebrates), bullfrogs (compete with and prey on arroyo toads and mountain yellow-legged frogs), brown-headed cowbirds, European starlings, and house sparrows (compete with native birds and parasitize nests of native birds), beavers (alter stream habitat), and turkeys (compete with native birds).

Forest Management In 2012 the SBNF underwent a reorganization that resulted in a reduction in the number of staff across the SBNF. This process resulted in a uniform recreation staff on each of the three Districts on the SBNF: a District Recreation Officer, a supervisory Recreation Technician, and four permanent Recreation Technicians. One of the permanent Recreation Technicians is dedicated to managing the OHV program on the Ranger District by maintaining OHV recreation facilities, implementing forest restoration and conducting public education and enforcement contacts. The

32 San Bernardino National Forest Big Bear Place Off-Highway Vehicle Travel Analysis Process staff that manages the OHV program within the Forest Supervisor’s Office is an OHV Program Manager, the Assistant Forest Engineer, a Roads Engineer, and an Engineering Technician. The OHV Program Manager works closely with the three Ranger Districts to manage the OHV Volunteer and Adopt-a-Trail Programs and routinely monitors, schedules and performs NFTS road and trail maintenance.

The OHV Program Manager provides support and direction of individual SBNF Volunteer restoration activities. The Engineering Staff manages the maintenance of roads across the SBNF through the administration of contracts. The OHV Program Manager coordinates volunteers in the SBNF Adopt-a-Trail Program to help with maintenance of SBNF roads and trails.

This staff is insufficient to manage the NFTS roads and trails across the SBNF. All NFTS roads on the SBNF are to be maintained at least once every seven years depending on the maintenance level. Maintenance has focused on the roads with the highest level of use and largest risk, which means that a few roads receive adequate maintenance and the remainder do not receive maintenance within the specified schedule. Volunteers have become an essential part of NFS management, especially for trail maintenance. Volunteer groups help to maintain most of the motorized trails across the SBNF and many of the non-motorized trails. Through the efforts of these groups, all motorized trails across the SBNF are maintained annually.

The reduction in staff was primarily in response to reducing budgets. The overall budget for the SBNF has been decreasing over the last half decade except for the anomalous years of 2008 and 2009 that were in response to large wildland fires and widespread tree mortality due to drought and associated insects and diseases. The allocated trails maintenance budget (CMTL), for both motorized and non-motorized trails across the SBNF, has been variable over this time period. This current and projected allocated funding is insufficient to fully fund the permanent staff that is necessary to manage the motorized and non-motorized trail system on the SBNF. To help to fill this gap, the SBNF annually applies for additional funding from a variety of sources. The OHV program has primarily applied for grant funding through the California State Parks Off- Highway Motor Vehicle Recreation Grant over this time period to supplement the appropriated funding on the SBNF.

This funding has been used for four areas within the OHV program: Operation and Maintenance, Restoration, Education and Safety, and Law Enforcement. These areas cover planning, acquisition, development, maintenance, administration, operation, enforcement, restoration, and conservation of trails, trailheads, areas, and other facilities associated with the use of off- highway motor vehicles, and programs involving off-highway motor vehicle safety or education. The roads maintenance budget (CMRD) has also been somewhat variable over this time period, but the reduction from higher levels has led to the inability to adequately maintain all roads across the SBNF within the specified schedule.

33 San Bernardino National Forest Big Bear Place Off-Highway Vehicle Travel Analysis Process

Table 15: Appropriated Funding of the SBNF OHV Program and Other Major Programs Year Roads - Trails - Recreation Hazardous Fire - SBNF Total CMRD CMTL - NFRW Fuels - WFHF WFPR 2006 $1,223,155 $221,643 $2,217,338 $8,775,000 $13,928,500 $50,934,462 2007 $615,300 $142,000 $1,977,300 $14,400,000 $13,357,000 $42,817,970 2008 $946,781 $293,960 $2,076,147 $38,550,000 $13,372,750 $67,542,886 2009 $886,059 $319,934 $2,107,299 $32,075,000 $15,374,000 $73,082,423 2010 $671,800 $218,000 $1,970,000 $4,157,463 $17,053,123 $36,932,792 2011 $725,000 $233,025 $1,661,000 $2,752,000 $17,556,800 $34,496,828 2012 $686,500 $227,200 $1,667,021 $2,285,000 $17,091,428 $33,865,388 2013 $613,700 $474,900 $1,554,150 $5,548,000 $14,125,000 $33,813,187

Table 16: California State Parks Off-Highway Motor Vehicle Recreation Grant Funding on the SBNF Task 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Operation and $137,170 $33,300 $142,000 $271,000 $522,000 $555,098 $578,129 Maintenance Restoration $157,500 $126,780 $187,000 $362,000 $412,000 $350,763 $877,309 Education and $18,200 $40,920 $110,000 $108,000 $103,000 $70,775 $110,388 Safety Law $127,500 $ - $124,000 $200,658 $1,554,835 $213,782 $162,183 Enforcement $440,370 $201,000 $563,000 $941,658 $2,591,835 $1,190,418 $1,728,009

Figure 1: Appropriated NFTS Trails and Roads Maintenance Funding

$1,400,000 $1,200,000 $1,000,000 $800,000 $600,000 Trails - CMTL $400,000 Roads - CMRD $200,000 $0 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

34 San Bernardino National Forest Big Bear Place Off-Highway Vehicle Travel Analysis Process

Identifying Issues ______The issues identified below were derived from internal input provided by SBNF staff. The issues were arranged by topic into five main categories: Public Values and Uses, Ecosystem Elements and Function, Commodity Uses and Values, Urban Development and Forest Linkages, and Special Area Designations. Included in each of these categories are issues specifically pertaining to management of roads, access, and the National Forest transportation system.

Public Values, Opportunities, and Uses Substantial growth adjacent to the SBNF boundary (especially Victorville and Hesperia) and in communities in the mountains (Big Bear, Lake Arrowhead, and Running Springs) is anticipated during the next decade. The rapidly increasing development places greater emphasis on the SBNF to provide fire protection and habitat linkages in those areas of intense buildup along the boundary. Encroachment has increased due to urban and rural development resulting in access and encroachment issues. Numerous un-authorized OHV trails have proliferated at virtually every SBNF/private land boundary in the analysis area.

The traffic on all NFTS roads open to the public is expected to increase over the next 5 to 15 years. The higher volumes of traffic will require greater levels of road maintenance. As recreation use increases, NFS and other public lands are likely to be the destinations of choice for people looking for high-quality outdoor recreation experiences in natural settings. The SBNF’s road system is deficient in geometric design and signing. As recreation use increases, the transportation system will need capacity and safety improvements including more mitigation for addressing impacts. Law enforcement staffing levels are inadequate to manage the number of users.

As a result of road maintenance budgets not keeping up with inflation and road deterioration, the condition of many roads in the analysis area have fallen below the levels necessary for resource protection and to efficiently support the traffic volumes being carried. The deferred maintenance backlog continues to grow each year that maintenance needs are unable to be fulfilled. Firefighter safety and access are being compromised by the deteriorated condition of the existing road system, which is considered essential to limiting wildfire patch size and gaining access to fires in general. Erosion of the drive-able surface on some of the Level 2 roads has left portions of uneven exposed bedrock. These portions are impassable by today's fire equipment. About one third of the total Level 2 miles have points of difficulty for the latest generation of wildland fire engines. Other problems have contributed to the loss of available drivable width. Other problems include: small slides; heavy brush encroachment; eroded out-sloped sections; lack of improved water crossings; and tight horizontal radius curves through vertical solid rock cuts.

In and near all of the analysis area, there is a problem with illegal user-created OHV trails proliferating from private and BLM lands. Many of the trails start at boundaries between the SBNF and residential areas. People, especially non-street legal motorcycles and quads, ride out of their back yard onto the SBNF, creating cross-country trails that connect to Forest System roads and trails. These trails, among other things, impact archeological sites, disturb wildlife, destroy habitat, affect threatened and endangered species, cause severe erosion, and cause law enforcement difficulties.

35 San Bernardino National Forest Big Bear Place Off-Highway Vehicle Travel Analysis Process

Crab Flats/Big Pine Flat/White Mountain/Holcomb Valley OHV Area: The Holcomb Valley area receives an average of 300 vehicles per week with 50 haul vehicles at the Big Pine Flat and Crab Flats Campgrounds. These areas also have a proliferation of user-created trails coming from private lands, BLM lands, and from existing roads/trails. This area supports a number of rare, threatened/endangered plants and animals and designated Critical Habitat as well as historic mining and Native American sites. Most of the use of this area is seasonal due to restricted access after winter snow accumulation. Some winter four-wheeling does occur but non-street legal OHV use is fairly limited. The trails/roads at north end are often accessible during the winter from the desert (Hesperia and Victorville) while the southern ends are blocked with snow. As such, more illegal activities and resource damage occurs during the winter months when enforcement and patrolling is difficult. As populations in the desert and mountain communities areas continue to expand, illegal user-created trails would be expected to continue to expand while enforcement efforts are strained. Cactus Flats OHV Area: The Cactus Flats/3N03 and 2N02 corridor area receives an average of 90 vehicles per week with 35 haul vehicles at the Cactus Flats Staging Area. These areas also have a proliferation of user-created trails coming from private lands, BLM lands, and from existing roads/trails. This area supports a number of rare, threatened/endangered plants and designated Critical Habitat as well as historic mining and Native American sites. Much of this desert-influenced area is accessible year-round (except in years with very heavy winter storms). As populations in the desert and Lake Arrowhead areas continue to expand, illegal user-created trails would be expected to continue to expand while enforcement efforts are strained.

Heritage NFTS roads and trails bisect or are adjacent to many archaeological sites in the analysis area. The continued use and maintenance of these system roads and trails has an impact on many of these sites because in many cases intact subsurface site deposits remain in the roadways and trails and grading and other ground disturbing activities result in the disturbance or loss of these cultural deposits. Sites located adjacent to or bisected by the roads and trails are also at risk for disturbance from road/trail related maintenance, runoff or erosion. These same issues are present for archaeological sites present at and near Cactus Flats and Big Pine Flats. Maintenance of existing utility infrastructure can also affect sites located adjacent to or downslope of those facilities.

Sites of Native American origin and those containing surface and subsurface artifact scatters and features are the most susceptible to this kind of disturbance, as well as historic period sites, such as trails, wagon, and toll roads that may be located close to or downslope of the system road or trail. Many of the historical non-system roads are now unmanaged and unauthorized routes, and unmanaged use of these historical roads and trails may destroy their historical character.

Table 17: NFTS Roads & Trails with Identified Heritage Issues Road/Trail Number Road/Trail Name 3N11 Wright Mine 3N14 Coxey 3N16 Holcomb Valley 3N59 Carbine Flat

36 San Bernardino National Forest Big Bear Place Off-Highway Vehicle Travel Analysis Process

Unauthorized and unmanaged routes potentially disturb artifacts and features of neighboring sites or of the historical routes themselves, cause erosion and runoff onto neighboring sites or blow out historical drainage features, destroy site contexts, and crush or destroy vegetation which may lead to site exposure and result in vandalism, off-road travel, and other disturbance to sites further from the routes.

As populations expand and trail use increases, effects to heritage sites can be expected to increase over time. With declining SBNF budgets, there is a concern that maintenance, patrolling, and enforcement will not be enough to prevent more impacts to this resource.

Ecosystem Elements and Function Plants Existing authorized and unauthorized OHV roads and trails affect individual plant and plant habitats in a number of ways. Negative effects s can occur from vehicle tires directly uprooting plants; erosion, loss, degradation, or fragmentation of habitat; and, dust and mud can cover nearby plants resulting in diminished vigor or death.

The analysis area contains a number of unique and rare plant species and plant habitats that are diminishing due to human pressures (development, water extractions/diversions, etc.). There portion of the analysis area north and east of Big Bear Lake is a biodiversity hotspot for plants and has occurrences and designated Critical Habitat for twelve species of threatened/endangered plants.

Erosion can cause damage to habitat and individuals through accumulation of sediment at the bottom of slopes essentially burying plants, or by undermining individuals on upper slopes exposing roots. Authorized and unauthorized OHV roads and trails provide routes for introduction of invasive species which can be carried in on vehicles and equipment from other locations. Invasive species threaten rare plants and general native vegetation through competition, displacement, and altered fire dynamics. Due to the presence of invasive non-native annual grasses, increased fire frequency, and the slow recovery of native vegetation, these areas could be subject to type conversion to invasive annual grasses.

As populations in southern California continue to grow, particularly communities in or adjacent to the SBNF, more demands on the OHV road/trail system (increased numbers of users, longer seasons of use, more illegal user-created trails, more special event demands, etc.) can be expected. This combined with declining SBNF budgets and the associated stresses on the ability to maintain the roads/trails, monitor, and enforce uses poses a substantial challenge to protecting botanical resources in the analysis area. Creating more satisfying user experiences by providing better connections, loops, and challenges may help reduce the number of user-created routes. On the other hand, increased usage with less maintenance will likely result in more effects to rare plants as well as general vegetation.

Wildlife Existing authorized and unauthorized OHV roads and trails affect individual animals and wildlife habitats in a number of ways. Negative effects can occur from disturbance of wildlife and death or injury of individual animals. High densities of motorized routes and non-motorized trails

37 San Bernardino National Forest Big Bear Place Off-Highway Vehicle Travel Analysis Process result in a lack of undisturbed areas for animals. Motorized routes tend to have linear zones of influence along them; these areas tend to have lower numbers of animals and a lower diversity of species. The widths of disturbance zones vary by species (larger animals tend to be farther away from the disturbance). Areas with high densities of roads and trails may not have any areas outside the disturbance zones. Some parts of the analysis area have very high motorized route densities.

Disturbance results in displacement of individual animals as they leave the area to avoid the disturbance. If the disturbance is frequent or constant, some animals may completely abandon the area.

Disturbance can result in loss of individual animals if the disturbance is during the breeding season and results in flushing of birds off of the nest (egg or chick predation can occur or they can die from heat or cold exposure). Similarly, loss of baby animals can occur if human activity prevents parents from returning to dens or sheltering areas.

Death or injury of animals as a result of collisions is fairly common on SBNF roads and trails. Narrow motorcycle trails that have fast-moving vehicles with limited visibility pose the most risk to animals. Because the trails are narrow, animals are more likely to not be seen as they emerge from adjacent vegetation to cross the trail. Slower moving animals such as snakes, coast horned lizards, and lizards are at highest risk. Animals that sun in open spaces, like snakes and lizards, are particularly susceptible. Species that freeze when scared (like coast horned lizards) are also at very high risk. Because of trail narrowness, riders often do not have time to react and veer to avoid animals in the trail.

User-created trails can also result in degradation and denuding of habitat for animals. Establishment or spreading of non-native plants as a result of vehicles spreading seeds can also degrade important wildlife habitats. Some non-native animals, such as brown-headed cowbirds, are generally more common along roads and in disturbed areas. Thus, the higher the density of motorized routes, the more likely brown-headed cowbirds will spread and affect native songbird populations.

The SBNF and specifically Cajon Pass provide a critical connection between the San Gabriel and San Bernardino Mountains - two of the largest remaining blocks of wildlife habitat in Southern California. As this region continues to grow, NFS lands are quickly becoming islands amidst a sea of development. Historically, animals moved freely between the ranges, but today wildlife must cross man-made barriers such as Interstate 15. While legal roads present significant barriers, unauthorized routes further fragment habitat and make travel even more difficult. As development continues in this region, protection of this wildlife corridor becomes even more important. Road density is already so high in many places that there is a lack of habitat for many species of wildlife. High levels of road/trail density also results in high levels of disturbance and habitat fragmentation/degradation.

High road densities in or near riparian areas causes erosion and sediment delivery to vulnerable riparian and aquatic systems. In addition, roads/trails in those areas may result in even more unauthorized user-created roads/trails that exacerbate the situation. Roads/trails in/near riparian

38 San Bernardino National Forest Big Bear Place Off-Highway Vehicle Travel Analysis Process bring more people and pet dogs resulting in high levels of disturbance to animals in those areas and more sediment/erosion impacts to streams and streambanks. Riparian zones are critical areas for foraging, sheltering, movement, breeding sites, etc. for many rare and common animals. As populations in southern California continue to grow, particularly communities in or adjacent to the SBNF, more demands on the OHV road/trail system (increased numbers of users, longer seasons of use, more illegal user-created trails, more special event demands, etc.) can be expected.

As more people use the transportation system, the negative effects (disturbance, habitat loss/degradation, death/injury of individuals) would be expected to increase. This combined with declining SBNF budgets and the associated stresses on the ability to maintain the roads/trails, monitor, and enforce uses poses a substantial challenge to protecting wildlife and wildlife habitat in the analysis area. Creating more satisfying user experiences by providing better connections, loops, and challenges may help reduce the number of user-created routes. On the other hand, increased usage with less maintenance will likely result in more effects to rare animals, game species, and their habitats.

Cumulative Influences for Wildlife and Botany The analysis area contains many areas with unique wildlife and botanical resources that have been affected by high levels of visitor use, illegal activities, mining, vegetation management activities, and wildfires. Areas of particular concern because of rare species (threatened, endangered, and sensitive plants and animals and Critical Habitat), rare habitat types (riparian, meadows, vernal wetlands) and unique vegetation or habitat components (rocky outcrops, pebble plain habitat).

Many of the recently burned areas are in heavily used OHV areas with both authorized and unauthorized trails. Following fire, there are numerous opportunities for new incursion due to the loss of vegetative cover which had acted as a natural barrier to unauthorized OHV use. This in turn increases the probability of damage and loss of botanical and wildlife resources resulting from continued increased illegal off-road vehicle use.

Additionally, impacts to wildlife and plant habitats result from the use of existing routes (authorized and unauthorized) for illegal activities (poaching of animals, poaching of manzanita and yucca plants, marijuana plantations, etc.). As more user-created routes develop and as the local populations increase, the likelihood of these types of effects increasing is high.

Over time, with the predicted increase in road/trail system use and more people using the SBNF, it is likely that an associated increase in permitted and non-permitted group events will occur on the Forest System routes. These types of events include jeep jamborees, timed trials, group rides/outings, endures, etc. Hundreds of vehicles sometimes participate in a single event and some of the events have 6-8 repeat passes by each vehicle on a single route. Many of the events are multiple days and attended by several hundred participants. Disturbance impacts to wildlife and dust/mud effects are amplified during these types of events.

For species and habitats that are already limited, any additional negative effects can be important. With an predicted increase in legal use of OHV trails, as well as an associated

39 San Bernardino National Forest Big Bear Place Off-Highway Vehicle Travel Analysis Process increase in illegal use, the expected effects to plants and wildlife include greater areas of wildlife disturbance (fewer acres of shelter/cover/foraging/breeding habitats without disturbance), lower numbers of animals, less biodiversity of animals, increased death/injury of animals resulting from collisions, loss of individual plants due to uprooting and loss of vigor, establishment and spread of non-native species, erosion and sediment problems on/off the routes, and habitat degradation/loss as vegetated areas become denuded or affected by erosion/sediment.

Soils and Watershed Lakes, rivers, streams, springs, meadows, and riparian areas are attractive to National Forest visitors, and receive intensive pressure for day and overnight uses such as water play, picnicking, family gathering, camping, hiking, off-highway vehicles, and mountain biking and fishing. In general, effects depend on the timing of the use, sensitivity of the location, type of use and intensity and specific behaviors of the recreationists.

The National Wild and Scenic Rivers System was created by Congress in 1968 (Public Law 90- 542; 16 U.S.C. 1271 et seq.) to preserve certain rivers with outstanding natural, cultural, and recreational values in a free-flowing condition for the enjoyment of present and future generations. Rivers are classified as wild, scenic, or recreational. Regardless of classification, each river in the National System is administered with the goal of protecting and enhancing the values that caused it to be designated.

Holcomb Creek is free-flowing from the Hitchcock Ranch impoundment to its confluence with Deep Creek, though much of the flow is intermittent. The segment from the Hitchcock Ranch impoundment to Forest Road 3N16 is eligible for classification as a recreational river, as it is readily accessible by road and has some development. A second segment (5.8 miles from Forest Road 3N16 to the confluence with Deep Creek) is eligible for classification as a wild river. It is free of impoundments; has a largely primitive shoreline; and is assessed only by a non-motorized trail.

Protective management of federal lands in a river area begins at the time the river segments were found eligible. The free-flowing condition, and identified outstandingly remarkable values and classification is protected to the extent authorized under law and subject to valid existing rights. Specific management prescriptions for eligible river segments provide protection in the following ways. Free-flowing Condition: The free-flowing condition of eligible river segments cannot be modified by construction or development of stream impoundments, diversions, or other water resources projects. Outstandingly Remarkable Values: Each segment shall be managed to protect outstandingly remarkable values and, to the extent practicable, such values shall be enhanced.

The Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.) establishes the basic structure for regulating discharges of pollutants into the waters of the United States and regulating quality standards for surface waters. The objective of this Act is to restore and maintain the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of the Nation’s waters. Holcomb Creek has failed to meet the water quality standard for Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) and is now listed as a water impaired stream per section 303(d) of the Clean Water Act.

40 San Bernardino National Forest Big Bear Place Off-Highway Vehicle Travel Analysis Process

Watershed condition is the state of the physical and biological characteristics and processes within a watershed that affect the soil and hydrologic functions supporting aquatic ecosystems. The Forest Service Manual (FSM) goes on to further define watershed condition in terms of “geomorphic, hydrologic, and biotic integrity”. The watershed condition policy of the Forest Service is “to protect National Forest System watersheds by implementing practices designed to maintain or improve watershed condition, which is the foundation for sustaining ecosystems and the production of renewable natural resources, values, and benefits” (FSM 2520). This policy is reaffirmed in FSM 2520.2 as a watershed condition goal “to protect National Forest System watersheds by implementing practices designed to maintain or improve watershed condition”.

The Watershed Condition Framework (WCF) developed by the Forest Service establishes a nationally consistent reconnaissance-level approach for classifying watershed condition, using a comprehensive set of 12 indicators that are surrogate variables representing the underlying ecological, hydrological, and geomorphic functions and processes that affect watershed condition. Watersheds are then characterized directly to the degree or level of watershed functionality or integrity into one of three classes: class 1 equals functioning properly, class 2 equals functioning at risk, and class 3 equals impaired function. Listed in Table 18 and Table 19 are several of the indicators and the respective condition class for each of the three sub watersheds within the Big Bear Back Country. Of note are the Holcomb Creek and Lower Deep Creek sub watersheds that are overall impaired and either impaired or at-risk for all of the listed indicators.

Table 18: Direct Effects of Roads and Trails Indicator (% of WCA Road Density Proximity to Road Maintenance Mass Wasting Overall Score) Overall (3.75%) water (3.75%) (3.75%) (3.75%) Arrastre Canyon At-Risk 3 2 3 2 Holcomb Creek Impaired 3 3 3 2 Lower Deep Creek Impaired 3 3 3 3 Scores: 1 = Functioning (Good), 2 = At-Risk (Fair), 3 = Impaired (Poor) Road Density (road & trail, authorized & unauthorized): <1 mi/sq. mi (Good), 1-2.4 mi/sq. mi (Fair), >2.4 sq. mi (Poor) Proximity to Water: road and trail density within the Riparian Conservation Area (300 foot buffer from all streams) Maintenance BMPs effective: >75% (Good), 50-75% (Fair), <50% (Poor)

Table 19: Indirect Effects of Roads and Trails in the Big Bear Back Country Place Indicator WCA Soil 303d Water Habitat Channel Soil Riparian (% of Overall Erosion listings Quality Fragmentation Shape Productivity Vegetation Overall (5%) (5%) (5%) (3.33%) (5%) (5%) (15%) Score) Arrastre At-Risk 2 1 2 2 2 1 2 Canyon Holcomb Impaired 3 3 3 2 3 2 2 Creek Lower Impaired 2 3 3 2 3 2 2 Deep Creek Scores: 1 = Functioning (Good), 2 = At-Risk (Fair), 3 = Impaired (Poor)

Research has shown that road and trail crossings generally have negative impacts on the hydrology and geomorphology of forest streams. Roads and trails are active sources of sediment where heavy usage can increase erosion, compact soils, decrease infiltration, increase peak flows, and habitat degradation. The effects of unauthorized trails can be more pronounced due to

41 San Bernardino National Forest Big Bear Place Off-Highway Vehicle Travel Analysis Process their location, which may be located in areas less resistant to disturbance and are in addition to the authorized and existing road and trail routes. Impacts and disturbance can be lessened with proper trail design, maintenance, and by focusing efforts on trails sections that are more sensitive to disturbance and require extra attention.

Fire and Fuel Management There are three issues relative to the transportation system and fire and fuel management. The first is the fact that the transportation system corridors (and user-created routes) are where the highest concentration of human-caused fires occurs. The reasons are tri-fold: 1) vehicles using roads/trails start fires inadvertently (vegetation contact with hot catalytic converters; overheating vehicles start vegetation fires, etc.); 2) roads and trails provide arsonists easy access to start fires and flee before detection; and, 3) electrical distribution systems and railroads in these corridors occasionally result in fires.

The second issue is that the SBNF transportation system is necessary for wildland fire-fighting operations. An adequate well-maintained road system is critical for access for fire equipment and crews. Lack of vehicle access can slow response times during the critical initial attack period as well as during prolonged fires. This can affect fire-fighter safety, especially during extreme fire behavior when the ability to escape or withdraw quickly is important. The third issue is the development and maintenance of fuel-reduction zones (shaded fuelbreaks, cleared fuelbreaks, etc.) especially along roads and trails. Vegetation treatments (mastication, clearing, ladder fuel reduction, thinning, log removal, etc.) can remove physical and visual barriers that are important for discouraging unauthorized off road vehicle explorations. Similar treatments along private land boundaries likewise increase the likelihood of user-created trails connecting to system routes.

Commodity Uses and Values “Administrative Use Only” roads provide access for permittees with special use authorizations. These routes are often maintained by the permittee. They can create opportunities for user- created trails or unauthorized use of the road/trail. They can create safety concerns or conflicts with the permittees. There have been concerns in the past from BNSF because of OHV users driving on the tracks near the Baldy Mesa (Trestles) OHV Staging Area. Likewise, occasionally OHV users are found within the limestone mining operations on the North Slope using the haul roads or mine access roads. Due to the presence of large haul trucks, huge quarries, and blasting activities, this can be dangerous for the mine personnel as well as the OHV user.

Urban Development and Forest Linkages Adjacent developments are creating their own social trails on NFS lands, primarily caused by an increase in unauthorized vehicle use, hiking, and equestrian use. Unauthorized vehicle use is resulting in severe erosion and damage to natural resources and cultural resources. Unlawful off- road vehicle use has been in the past, and remains today a major problem at Coxey Meadow, Holcomb Valley, and Baldwin Lake. Additionally, it has occurred in areas where recent wildland fires have burned vegetation to allow motorized access where none had been before. The proliferation of user-created trails is an issue as new starts originate from the NFTS, which delivers motorists to areas where they can enter upon and further proliferate networks of trails. Unlawful activities, such as trash dumping, travel off-road, use of campfires in unauthorized

42 San Bernardino National Forest Big Bear Place Off-Highway Vehicle Travel Analysis Process locations, and property vandalism are reoccurring difficulties. Other unlawful activities, such as marijuana cultivation, methamphetamine lab dumps, and abandonment of stolen vehicles are increasing as areas adjacent to the SBNF are being developed.

Special Area Designations Within the analysis area there are NFTS roads that occur within restricted land use zones and designations. Of the NFTS roads and motorized trails that are open to the pubic there are 0.26 miles within the existing Bighorn Mountain Wilderness, 0.04 miles within Recommended Wilderness, 4.47 miles within Back Country Non-Motorized, and 0.15 miles within Back Country Motorized Use Restricted. Of the NFTS roads that are administrative access only there are 1.24 miles in Recommended Wilderness, 2.16 miles in Back Country Non-Motorized, and 7.98 miles in Back Country Motorized Use Restricted. Concurrently, of the NFTS roads and motorized trails that are open to the pubic there are 3.42 miles in the Heartbreak Ridge IRA and 12.35 miles in the Deep Creek IRA. Of the NFTS roads that are administrative access only there are 2.33 miles in the Heartbreak Ridge IRA and 5.96 miles in the Deep Creek IRA.

Also within the analysis area there are user-created, unauthorized routes that either begin on private or adjoining lands or take-off from NFTS roads and trails. There are approximately 306 miles of unauthorized routes in the analysis area, and approximately 37 of those miles occur within IRAs.

Table 20: MVUM Roads in Restricted Land Use Zones ID NAME MILES LUZ MILES LUZ MILES LUZ MILES LUZ 2N04 Balky Horse 0.22 BCNM 2N61YA 2N61YA 0.04 RW 2N71 Blue Quartz 0.02 BCNM Tip Top Bighorn 2N90 0.02 Mountain Wilderness Tip Top Mtn Bighorn 2N90B 0.24 Spur B Wilderness John Bull 3N10 0.41 BCNM Flat 3N17D North Peak 1.11 BCNM 3N54 Furnace 0.15 BCMUR Carbine Flat 3N59A 1.29 BCNM Spur A 3N77A 3N77A 0.01 BCNM Holcomb 3N93 0.06 BCNM Creek Horse 4N16A 0.96 BCNM Springs Bighorn 0.26 0.04 RW 4.08 BCNM 0.15 BCMUR Wilderness

43 San Bernardino National Forest Big Bear Place Off-Highway Vehicle Travel Analysis Process

Table 21: Administrative Roads in Restricted Land Use Zones ID NAME MILES LUZ MILES LUZ MILES LUZ 2N01A Broom Flat Spur A 0.06 BCNM 2N01B Broom Flat Spur 0.70 RW 2N09B Polique Canyon Spur 0.26 BCNM 2N09C Bertha Peak 0.16 BCNM 0.84 BCMUR 2N61YB Sleepy Creek 0.54 RW 1.67 BCMUR 2N94Y 2N94Y 1.03 BCMUR 2N95Y 2N95Y 0.29 BCMUR 3N09A Van Dusen Canyon Spur 0.65 BCMUR 3N14D Little Pine Flats 0.37 BCMUR 3N16J Holcomb Valley Spur 0.08 BCMUR 3N16P Section One Spur 0.01 BCNM 3N26 3N26 0.54 BCMUR 3N41 Hawes Ranch 0.42 BCMUR 3N59B Carbine Flat Spur B 2.64 BCMUR 3N87 3N87 1.01 BCMUR 3N88 Crystal Creek 0.96 BCMUR 3N95 Coxey Creek 3.49 BCNM 3N98 Pine Spring 0.69 BCNM 3N99 3N99 0.29 BCNM 1.24 RW 2.16 BCNM 7.98 BCMUR

Table 22: MVUM Trails in Restricted Land Use Zones ID NAME MILES LUZ 2W01 Devils Hole 0.39 BCNM

Table 23: MVUM Roads in Inventoried Roadless Areas (IRAs) ID NAME MILES IRA 1N01 Pipes Canyon 0.32 Heartbreak Ridge 2N61Y 2N61Y 1.29 Heartbreak Ridge 2N61YA 2N61YA 0.10 Heartbreak Ridge 2N64Y Juniper Springs Group Camp 0.42 Heartbreak Ridge 2N70Y Rattlesnake Canyon 0.32 Heartbreak Ridge 2N76Y Antelope Creek 0.55 Heartbreak Ridge 2N76YA Antelope Creek Spur 0.10 Heartbreak Ridge 2N76YB Antelope Ck Spur 0.33 Heartbreak Ridge 3N59 Carbine Flat 3.00 Deep Creek 3N59A Carbine Flat Spur A 1.34 Deep Creek

44 San Bernardino National Forest Big Bear Place Off-Highway Vehicle Travel Analysis Process

Table 24: MVUM Trails in Inventoried Roadless Areas (IRAs) ID NAME MILES IRA 1W17 Redonda Ridge 5.83 Deep Creek 2W01 Devils Hole 2.19 Deep Creek

Table 25: Administrative Roads in Inventoried Roadless Areas (IRAs) ID NAME MILES IRA 2N01B Broom Flat Spur 0.59 Heartbreak Ridge 2N61YA 2N61YA 0.15 Heartbreak Ridge 2N61YB Sleepy Creek 1.39 Heartbreak Ridge 2N62Y 2N62Y 0.21 Heartbreak Ridge 3N16P Section One Spur 0.01 Deep Creek 3N59B Carbine Flat Spur B 2.70 Deep Creek 3N95 Coxey Creek 2.90 Deep Creek 3N98 Pine Spring 0.26 Deep Creek 3N99 3N99 0.09 Deep Creek

Assessing Benefits, Problems, and Risks ______Travel Analysis is an advisory process. This analysis identifies opportunities for increasing benefits of the NFTS and reducing existing problems and risks. It provides a framework for examining important issues and developing relevant information before managers enter into a formal decision process [National Forest Management Act (NFMA) and National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)] that will change the characteristics and uses of NFTS road and motorized trail networks.

User Satisfaction: There are great benefits to managing the OHV recreation in the analysis area in a way to minimize the impacts to natural resources while providing sustainable recreation opportunities at all levels. Developing a comprehensive system of roads and trails open to OHV use could help to reduce resource impacts by concentrating use and minimizing undesired trail creation. There would be benefits to adding loop opportunities to the OHV system in the analysis area because it would increase the available use experience and satisfaction, reduce safety risks.

User Safety: There are safety risks to having two-way traffic on the OHV system in the analysis area where there are blind corners or technical features. Accidents have occurred in the past where mixed use has allowed for differing speeds. There are risks to retaining the Baldy Mesa OHV Staging Area near the railroad tracks in the Cajon Pass. The railroad tracks have been an attractive nuisance for OHV users in the past and although measures have been taken to block access they will continue to be an attractive nuisance into the future. The staging area also limits wildlife crossing through the Cajon Pass by being located in one of the few underpasses for the railroad tracks and Interstate Highway 15 that is large enough for large mammals.

Non-Native Invasive Species: All of the natural and heritage resources in the analysis area are threatened by the proliferation of user-created trails that originate from private lands along the SBNF boundary and are impacted by the existing NFTS and authorized roads and trails. The risk

45 San Bernardino National Forest Big Bear Place Off-Highway Vehicle Travel Analysis Process of introducing and spreading non-native invasive plant species increases as a function of the frequency and seasonality of use and maintenance, and connectivity with existing areas of weed infestation. These risks could potentially increase if roads or trails are added to the NFTS. Resource impacts could increase if roads or trails are added to the NFTS in areas that have not been disturbed because of the additive effect on resources due to the proliferation of user created trails.

Wildlife, Botany, and Heritage Resources: There are existing problems with effects to wildlife, botanical, and heritage resources from the existence and use of the OHV system in the analysis area. Infrequent maintenance in some areas results in off-route impacts to these resource as a result of erosion and sediment and new trails being created to avoid washouts, downed trees, etc. High densities of motorized and non-motorized routes affect habitat quality and quantity for wildlife affecting numbers, population stability, and biodiversity. User-created routes degrade and destroy wildlife habitat, rare plant occurrences, and heritage sites. Dust and mud generated during high numbers of users (weekends, events, etc.) can affect vegetation health and vigor directly adjacent to the routes as well as for animals in the area.

Increased access can result in increased fire starts (either from vehicles or from arson), further affecting habitat and heritage sites. As demand for new routes and use of the OHV system increases with expanding visitors, all of these effects can be expected to grow. The analysis area contains many unique species and habitats that are declining and/or very restricted in distribution. Cumulative pressures on resources with finite numbers or area can be problematic for long-term viability and the ability to effectively manage effects.

System Maintenance and Enforcement: All of the issues, risks, and problems are exacerbated with the decrease in funding and thereby the reduction in staff available to manage the OHV use in the analysis area. Decreased funding for monitoring and patrols may increase the vulnerability of resources to all threats. This has prompted the SBNF to seek outside funding sources to help fund the OHV management in the analysis area. These outside funding sources are variable and are not guaranteed. There is a risk to making management decisions based on this funding. The lack of management has increased the requirement for law enforcement in order to protect resources.

The SBNF has developed a greater reliance on the support of volunteers to help manage the OHV use in the analysis area and as budgets decrease this reliance will only increase. There is a risk that at some point in the future the level of volunteers willing to help manage the OHV use in the analysis area will decrease leaving the SBNF unable to manage the recreation use sustainably. The OHV use in the analysis area will not go away regardless of the level of funding. If OHV opportunities are reduced in the analysis area then unauthorized activities are expected to increase.

Without proper maintenance, there is a risk of increased soil and watershed effects. Erosion from poorly maintained trails can result in sediment delivery to vulnerable aquatic and riparian habitats, degrade or destroy rare plant habitat, and degrade or destroy heritage sites. Water quality can be negatively affected in terms of turbidity, pH, etc. Water availability can also be affected if so much sediment is delivered that springs, streams, pools, etc. become filled or

46 San Bernardino National Forest Big Bear Place Off-Highway Vehicle Travel Analysis Process buried. Proper maintenance is also important for clearing blocked routes or fixing washouts, etc. before short-cut or go-around trails become established, further affecting adjacent resources and resulting in a spread of denuded trail/road beds. Conversely, proper maintenance can help protect habitats, water quality, and water quantity.

Describing Opportunities and Setting Priorities ______Based on this analysis the SBNF has identified the following opportunities for OHV management in the analysis area:  Across the Analysis Area o A State OHV Grant was awarded in 2010/2011 for the development of shade structures at OHV Staging Areas across the SBNF. There is an opportunity to improve the user experience at the OHV Staging Areas by developing shad structures.  Coxey Meadow/Deep Creek/Holcomb Valley o A State OHV Grant was awarded in 2011/2012 for the restoration of user-created routes in the Deep Creek and Coxey Meadow areas. There is an opportunity to restore the unauthorized routes in the Deep Creek and Coxey Meadow areas. o A State OHV Grant was awarded in 2012/2013 for trails planning in the Deep Creek and Coxey Meadow areas. There is an opportunity to analyze the system of user- created routes in the Deep Creek and Coxey Meadow areas to determine if there are sustainable OHV trails that could be added to the system. o The BLM California Desert District is analyzing the travel management areas within the West Mojave Plan. Many of the user-created routes in the White Mountain/4N16/3N14/Pioneertown areas also cross onto BLM lands. Parts of the OHV system connect to BLM system roads and trails. There is an opportunity to coordinate the OHV management direction for those areas with the adjoining BLM travel management actions.

The following is a list of priorities for OHV management within the analysis area: 1. Continue to develop volunteer participation to help manage the OHV recreation in the analysis area. 2. Continue to pursue outside funding, such as California State Grants, to help offset reductions in budgets. 3. Sustainably manage the OHV recreation opportunities in the analysis area. a. Offer a wide range of user experience. b. Designate use areas. c. Maintain OHV system of roads and trails to Forest Service standards. d. Protect sensitive natural, social, and cultural resources. e. Reduce user-created routes. f. Restore unauthorized areas of use. g. Manage non-native invasive species introduction and spread. h. Enforce authorized use. i. Design OHV system to meet Forest Service erosion control and slope stability standards. 4. Explore sustainable 24 inch OHV trail opportunities in the analysis area. 5. Explore sustainable loop OHV trail opportunities in the analysis area in order to make logical connections in the OHV system of roads and trails.

47 San Bernardino National Forest Big Bear Place Off-Highway Vehicle Travel Analysis Process

6. Reduce impacts from the OHV system of roads and trails to archeological, wildlife, and plant resources in the analysis area.

Recommendations ______1. The mapping errors where NFTS roads and trails were initially meant to be cherry stemmed out of restricted land use zones and designations should be fixed. 2. In order to provide a more sustainable OHV recreation experience on the SBNF, the Rattlesnake Mountain area should be analyzed for the inclusion of more OHV trails. This area provides the best opportunity in the analysis area for additional OHV recreation by limiting impacts to resources and connecting to existing OHV roads and trails both on and off NFTS lands. 3. It is recommended that coordination with Caltrans and BLM occur to identify opportunities to connect the OHV system both on the SBNF and onto other OHV systems. Analysis should include connecting use in the Baldy Mesa area to the Cleghorn Ridge area, and Cleghorn Ridge area to the Miller Canyon area. The connection from the Baldy Mesa area to the Cleghorn Ridge area would require traffic to travel from the Baldy Mesa OHV Staging Area on NFTS road 3N53 east along the railroad track onto BLM and then private lands; then crossing State Highway 138; and finally connecting with NFTS road 3N22. The connection from the Cleghorn Ridge area to the Miller Canyon area would require traffic to travel on NFTS road 2N47 and cross State Highway 138 onto the Silverwood Lake State Recreation Area; cross the state lands, paralleling State Highway 173; and finally connect with 2N17X. 4. It is recommended that existing unauthorized trails continue to be restored and that effective measures be taken to remove the opportunity for future development of user- created routes on NFS lands. This should require that managers work with user groups, adjoining landowners, and law enforcement to understand the SBNF’s management direction for these areas and direct use to appropriate areas. Grant funding should be pursued for planning, public education, restoration, and law enforcement associated with these activities.

48 San Bernardino National Forest Big Bear Place Off-Highway Vehicle Travel Analysis Process Appendix A – 2005 Roads Analysis Process

Table 26: San Bernardino National Forest Roads Evaluation – 2012 TAP Analysis Area Subset (2005 RAP) ID Name Species Risk Indicators Watershed Risk Indicators

-

?

ational Main

-

RAP RAP Score Miles Oper tenance Level PU and Need AD WeightedRAP Average Score Miles

RCA RIP Score UP Score Xings SPP Score Condition Slope STAB Earthquake Hazard WAT Score Roads: High Priority for Mitigation 2N89 Southern 6.3 0.99 3 0 0 1 0 0 II 3 Y 5 4 5 0.28 Pacific 3 0 0 0 0 0 II 5 Y 5 4 5 0.22 3 1 1 1 0 1 II 3 Y 5 4 6 0.11 3 1 13 0 0 4 II 3 Y 5 4 9 0.1 3 1 11 0 0 4 II 3 Y 5 4 9 0.09 3 1 2 0 0 1 II 3 Y 5 4 6 0.04 3 0 0 0 0 0 II 3 Y 5 4 5 0.04 3 1 1 1 100 2 II 3 Y 5 4 7 0.03 3 1 12 0 0 4 II 3 Y 5 4 9 0.03 3 1 2 0 100 2 II 3 Y 5 4 7 0.02 3 1 14 0 0 4 II 3 Y 5 4 9 0.02 3 1 10 0 0 4 II 3 Y 5 4 9 0.02 3 1 2 1 100 2 II 3 Y 5 4 7 0.01 2N88 Lost Lake 6 0.03 3 1 1 0 0 1 II 3 Y 5 4 6 0.03 2N56 Sheep 5.4 1.64 3 1 0 0 0 1 II 7 4 5 5 0.43 Canyon 3 0 0 0 0 0 II 7 Y 5 5 5 0.27 3 1 1 0 0 1 II 7 Y 4 5 5 0.24 3 1 1 0 0 1 II 3 Y 5 5 6 0.18 3 1 2 0 0 1 II 7 Y 5 5 6 0.15 3 1 1 0 0 1 II 7 Y 4 5 5 0.1 3 1 0 0 0 1 II 7 Y 5 5 6 0.09 3 1 1 0 0 1 II 7 Y 5 5 6 0.05 3 1 0 0 100 2 II 7 4 5 6 0.04 3 1 2 0 100 2 II 7 Y 5 5 7 0.04 3 1 2 0 0 1 II 7 4 5 5 0.03 3 1 4 0 0 1 II 7 Y 5 5 6 0.01 3 1 4 0 0 1 II 3 Y 5 5 6 0.01 3 0 0 0 0 0 II 3 Y 5 5 5 0.01 3N29 Sharpless 5.4 0.6 2 0 0 0 0 0 II 3 Y 5 4 5 0.39 Ranch 2 1 0 0 100 2 II 3 Y 5 4 7 0.08 2 1 0 0 100 2 II 7 N 4 4 6 0.07 2 1 0 0 0 1 II 7 N 4 4 5 0.05 2 1 0 0 0 1 II 3 Y 5 4 6 0.02 2N33 Pilot Rock 5.2 0.15 2 1 0 0 0 1 III 7 4 4 5 0.09 (OHV) 2 1 1 0 0 1 III 7 4 4 5 0.03 2 1 0 0 100 2 III 7 N 4 4 6 0.03 2 1 0 0 100 2 III 7 4 4 6 0.01 2N49 Bailey 5.2 6.21 2 0 0 0 0 0 III 10 5 4 5 5.25 Canyon 2 1 4 0 0 1 III 7 4 4 5 0.25 2 1 13 0 0 4 III 7 4 4 8 0.23 2 1 13 0 0 4 III 3 3 4 7 0.13 2 1 2 0 0 1 III 7 4 4 5 0.09 2 1 11 0 0 4 III 7 4 4 8 0.08 2 1 0 0 100 2 II 7 4 4 6 0.08 2 1 0 0 0 1 III 7 4 4 5 0.04 2 1 10 0 0 4 III 7 4 4 8 0.03 2 1 1 0 0 1 III 7 4 4 5 0.02 2 1 12 0 0 4 III 7 4 4 8 0.02 2N53 Applewhite 5.2 1.52 3 0 0 0 0 0 II 7 Y 5 4 5 1.16 3 0 0 0 0 0 II 3 Y 5 4 5 0.13 3 1 1 0 0 1 II 3 Y 5 4 6 0.12 3 1 1 1 0 1 II 3 Y 5 4 6 0.04 3 1 0 1 100 2 II 7 4 4 6 0.02 3 1 2 0 100 2 II 3 Y 5 4 7 0.02 3 1 1 0 100 2 II 3 Y 5 4 7 0.02 3 1 1 1 100 2 II 3 Y 5 4 7 0.01 3N31 Upper Lytle 5 3.28 3 0 0 0 0 0 II 7 Y 5 4 5 1.93 Y Creek 3 0 0 0 0 0 II 5 Y 5 4 5 1.26 Divide 3 1 0 0 100 2 II 5 Y 5 4 7 0.04 3 0 0 0 0 0 II 3 Y 5 4 5 0.03 3 1 0 0 0 1 II 5 Y 5 4 6 0.02 3N31 Lower Lytle 5 0.11 3 0 0 0 0 0 II 7 Y 5 4 5 0.11 Creek Divide 2N49 Cajon 5 0.62 2 0 0 0 0 0 II 10 5 4 5 0.55 A Mountain 2 0 0 0 0 0 III 10 5 4 5 0.08 Lookout

49 San Bernardino National Forest Big Bear Place Off-Highway Vehicle Travel Analysis Process Table 26: San Bernardino National Forest Roads Evaluation – 2012 TAP Analysis Area Subset (2005 RAP) ID Name Species Risk Indicators Watershed Risk Indicators

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?

ational Main

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RAP RAP Score Miles Oper tenance Level PU and Need AD WeightedRAP Average Score Miles

RCA RIP Score UP Score Xings SPP Score Condition Slope STAB Earthquake Hazard WAT Score Roads: High Risk/Low Importance 2N36 Pilot Rock 5.6 0.07 2 1 0 0 100 2 III 7 4 2 6 0.04 Ridge 2 1 0 0 0 1 III 7 4 2 5 0.03 (OHV) 2N45 North Spur 5 1.38 2 0 0 0 0 0 III 10 5 2 5 1.35 2 1 1 0 0 1 III 7 4 2 5 0.03 2N47 Cleghorn 5 0.77 2 0 0 0 0 0 II 10 5 2 5 0.57 Ridge 2 0 0 0 0 0 III 10 5 2 5 0.19 (OHV) 2N50 Perdew 5.2 1.16 2 0 0 0 0 0 II 7 Y 5 2 5 0.88 Canyon 2 1 1 0 0 1 II 7 Y 5 2 6 0.12 2 1 1 0 0 1 II 3 Y 5 2 6 0.1 2 0 0 0 0 0 II 3 Y 5 2 5 0.06 2N52 B P & L 5 0.69 2 0 0 0 0 0 II 7 Y 5 2 5 0.48 2 0 0 1 0 0 II 7 Y 5 2 5 0.21 2N59 Rainbow 5.3 0.34 2 1 1 0 0 1 III 7 4 2 5 0.12 (OHV) 2 1 1 1 0 1 III 7 4 2 5 0.09 2 1 0 0 100 2 III 7 4 2 6 0.08 2 1 0 1 100 2 III 7 4 2 6 0.04 2 1 0 0 0 1 III 7 4 2 5 0.02 2N61 Blue Cut 5 0.75 1 0 0 0 0 0 II 7 Y 5 2 5 0.39 1 0 0 0 0 0 II 5 Y 5 2 5 0.25 1 0 0 0 0 0 II 3 Y 5 2 5 0.11 2N87 Chalk 5.7 0.41 2 0 0 0 0 0 II 3 Y 5 2 5 0.12 2 1 0 0 0 1 II 3 Y 5 2 6 0.1 2 1 1 0 0 1 II 3 Y 5 2 6 0.09 2 1 3 0 0 1 II 3 Y 5 2 6 0.08 2 1 2 0 0 1 II 3 Y 5 2 6 0.02 3N46 Warm 5 0.05 1 1 1 0 0 1 III 7 4 2 5 0.05 Spring Cutoff 3N66 Little 7 0.32 2 1 103 0 0 4 III 5 3 2 7 0.21 A Horsethief 2 1 101 0 0 4 III 5 3 2 7 0.06 2 1 100 0 0 4 III 5 3 2 7 0.04

Table 27: San Bernardino National Forest Roads Summary (2005 RAP) ID NAME MILES OPML SURFACE LUZ 2N01Y (4WD) 0.37 2 NAT URI 2N06Y 0.56 2 NAT URI 2N08Y 0.93 2 NAT BC 2N08YA 0.28 2 NAT BC 2N09X 0.6 2 NAT EW 2N10X 0.58 2 NAT EW 2N14Y 0.43 2 NAT BC 0.64 2 NAT URI Total 1.07 2N15Y 0.19 2 NAT BC 0.6 2 NAT URI Total 0.79 2N18Y 0.8 2 NAT URI 2N19Y 0.28 2 NAT URI 0.3 2 NAT BC Total 0.58 2N20Y 0.15 2 NAT BC 0.27 2 NAT URI Total 0.42 2N44Y 0.39 1 NAT URI 2N44YA 0.31 1 NAT URI 2N46Y 1.33 2 NAT BC 2N48Y 0.2 2 NAT URI 0.33 2 NAT BCNM 50 San Bernardino National Forest Big Bear Place Off-Highway Vehicle Travel Analysis Process Table 27: San Bernardino National Forest Roads Summary (2005 RAP) ID NAME MILES OPML SURFACE LUZ 0.43 2 NAT BC Total 0.96 2N48YA 0.3 2 NAT BCNM 2N53Y 0.19 2 NAT URI 2N60 0.14 2 NAT URI 0.49 2 NAT BC Total 0.62 2N60Y 0.19 2 NAT BC 0.26 2 NAT URI Total 0.44 2N61Y (OHV) 3.59 2 NAT BC 2N61YA 0.15 2 NAT BC 2N62Y (OHV) 0.97 1 NAT BC 2N68Y (4WD) 0.82 1 NAT BC 2N69Y (OHV) 0.21 2 NAT BC 2N71Y (OHV) 0.16 1 NAT BC 2N73Y (OHV) 0.93 1 NAT BC 2N74Y (OHV) 0.34 2 NAT BC 2N75Y (OHV) 1.35 2 NAT BC 2N77 0.92 2 NAT BC 2N79Y 0.31 2 NAT URI 0.36 2 NAT BC Total 0.67 2N79YA 0.18 2 NAT BC 2N81 0.45 2 NAT BC 2N83Y 0.88 2 NAT BC 2N84Y (4WD) 0.79 2 NAT EW 2N85Y 0.24 2 NAT EW 2N86Y 0.77 2 NAT BC 2N87Y (4WD) 2.5 2 NAT BC 2N88Y 0.25 2 NAT BC 2N91Y 0.43 2 NAT BC 2N94Y 1.05 2 NAT BC 2N95Y 0.3 2 NAT BC 3N04Y 0.59 2 NAT BC 3N18 0.26 0 NAT BC 3N19 0.48 2 NAT BC 3N26 1.11 0 NAT BC 3N27 0.15 1 NAT BC 3N56 0.2 2 NAT BC 3N64 1.61 1 NAT BC 3N64A 0.45 0 NAT BC 3N76 1.2 2 NAT BC 3N76A 0.06 2 NAT BC 3N77A 0.25 2 NAT BC 3N81 0.8 2 NAT BC 3N81A 0.07 2 NAT BC 3N82 0.66 2 NAT BC 3N83 1.33 2 NAT BC 3N83A 0.17 2 NAT BC 3N84 1.35 2 NAT BC 3N87 1.26 2 NAT BC 3N96 0.6 2 NAT BC 3N99 1.67 2 NAT BC 2N63 4000 Foot 1.89 2 NAT BC 7S05A A Spur 0.41 2 NAT BC 1N05C AIRPLANE Flat 2.99 2 AGG BC 4S70 ALANDALE Station 0.01 5 AC URI 1N16 ALDER Creek 0.35 4 AGG BC 51 San Bernardino National Forest Big Bear Place Off-Highway Vehicle Travel Analysis Process Table 27: San Bernardino National Forest Roads Summary (2005 RAP) ID NAME MILES OPML SURFACE LUZ 5.94 2 NAT BC Total 6.29 0 2N23 ALLISON Ranch 0.55 2 NAT URI 5S04 ALVIN Meadows 0.27 1 NAT BC 0.29 1 NAT URI Total 0.56 5S04A ALVIN Meadows Spur 0.1 1 NAT URI 4S19 ANGELUS Hill 2.58 2 NAT BC 2N76YB ANTELOPE Creek Spur (OHV) 0.21 2 NAT BC 2N76Y ANTELOPE Creek (OHV) 1.37 2 NAT BC 2N76YA ANTELOPE Creek Spur 0.1 2 NAT BC 6S11 APPLE Canyon Camp 0.38 3 NAT RIM 5S12 APPLE Canyon Parking 0.03 2 NAT RIM 2N53 APPLEWHITE 0.59 3 NAT BC 0.75 3 NAT URI 0.83 3 NAT RIM Total 2.17 2N55X APPLEWHITE Campground 0.48 5 AC URI 2N02 ARRASTRE Creek 2.08 3 NAT URI 5.37 3 NAT BC 4 2 NAT BC Total 11.46 2N02F ARRASTRE Creek Spur 0.1 2 NAT BC 2N02G ARRASTRE Creek Spur 0.11 2 NAT BC 2N02A ARRASTRE Creek Spur 0.14 2 NAT BC 2N02H ARRASTRE Creek Spur 0.2 2 NAT BC 2N02B ARRASTRE Creek Spur 0.13 1 NAT BC Total 0.68 2N75 ASH Meadows 0.46 3 NAT URI 1.37 3 NAT BC Total 1.83 2N52 B P & L 0.25 2 NAT RIM 1.22 2 NAT BC Total 1.47 2N49 BAILEY Canyon 0.18 2 NAT RIM 0.28 2 NAT BCNM 11.97 2 NAT BC Total 12.43 1N72 BALD Cove (4WD) 2.48 2 NAT RIM 3N21 BALDY Mesa 1.01 2 NAT RIM 2.59 2 NAT BC Total 3.6 5S08 BALDY Mountain 2.34 2 NAT BC 5S08A BALDY Mountain East Spur 1.26 2 NAT BC 5S08B BALDY Mountain SE Spur 0.91 2 NAT BC 2N04 BALKY Horse 0.54 2 NAT URI 3.23 2 NAT BC Total 3.77 2N04A BALKY Horse Spur A 0.28 2 NAT BC 2N04B BALKY Horse Spur B 0.15 2 NAT BC 2N04C BALKY Horse Spur C 0.33 2 NAT BC 2N28Y BANFF (OHV) 0.41 2 NAT BC 2S25 BANNING Spur 0.19 2 NAT BC 2S17 BANNING Station 0.05 5 AC BC 0.2 2 NAT BC Total 0.25 1N46 BARTON Flats Campground 0.99 5 AC RIM 1N77 BARTON Flats VIS 0.12 4 AC RIM 1N62YA BARTON Flats Water Intake 0.29 2 NAT RIM 52 San Bernardino National Forest Big Bear Place Off-Highway Vehicle Travel Analysis Process Table 27: San Bernardino National Forest Roads Summary (2005 RAP) ID NAME MILES OPML SURFACE LUZ 2N73 BAYLIS Park Picnic Area 0.28 5 AC URI 1N37 BEAN Flat 0.54 2 NAT BC 1N37A BEAN Flat Spur 1.87 2 NAT BC 2N86B BEAR View 0.57 2 NAT BC 5S07 BEE Canyon (OHV) 1.84 2 NAT BC 1N54A BELLYACHE Springs 1.01 1 NAT BC 5S24A BERRY 0.15 1 NAT URI 2N09C BERTHA Peak (4WD) 1.65 2 NAT BC 2N07 BIG Bear Ranger Station 0.35 5 AC URI 0.1 2 AC URI 0.33 2 AC BCNM Total 0.77 3N06C BIG Horn 0.03 2 NAT BC 0.15 2 NAT BCNM Total 0.18 1N39A BIG Meadows 0.02 1 NAT EW 1.48 1 NAT BC Total 1.49 2S01A BIG Oaks Powerhouse 0.61 2 AGG BC 3N92 Pine Flat 0.94 2 NAT BC 3N92A Pine Flat Spur 0.17 2 NAT BC 3N14F Pine Flats Station & 0.12 5 AC BC Campground 0.19 3 NAT BC 0.31 2 NAT BC Total 0.62 1N34 BIG Tree Cucamonga 0.56 3 NAT RIM 5.85 3 NAT BC 0.01 2 NAT BCNM 14.02 2 NAT BC Total 20.45 4S01 BLACK Mountain 0.67 3 NAT BC 7.58 3 NAT RIM 2.57 2 NAT BC Total 10.82 4S01B BLACK Mountain Group 0.17 3 NAT RIM 4S57 BLACK Mountain Trailhead 0.02 3 NAT BC 0.04 3 NAT RIM Total 0.06 4S68A BLACK Mountain Lookout 0.02 2 NAT BC 0.51 2 NAT RIM Total 0.53 4S68B BLACK Mountain Trail Spur 0.03 2 NAT BC 0.14 2 NAT RIM Total 0.18 6S17 BLACKBURN Ridge 3.62 2 NAT BC 2N61 Blue Cut 1.16 1 NAT RIM 2N71 BLUE Quartz 4.36 3 NAT BC 2N86A BLUFF Mesa Group 0.5 2 NAT BC Campground 2N42Y BLUFF TS 1.19 2 NAT BC 2N42YA BLUFF TS Spur 0.45 2 NAT BC 5S05 BONITA Vista 1.07 2 NAT RIM 2.36 2 NAT BC Total 3.43 4S68 BOULDER Basin 0.61 3 NAT RIM 2N10B BOULDER Group Campground 0.4 2 NAT URI 2N76 BREEZY Point 0.34 2 NAT URI 2N99 BRISTLECONE 0.21 4 AC URI 0.36 3 NAT URI 53 San Bernardino National Forest Big Bear Place Off-Highway Vehicle Travel Analysis Process Table 27: San Bernardino National Forest Roads Summary (2005 RAP) ID NAME MILES OPML SURFACE LUZ Total 0.57 2N01A BROOM Flat Spur 0.41 1 NAT BC 2N01B 0.7 0 NAT BC Total 1.12 2N01 BROOM Flats 5.74 3 NAT BC 7S13 BULL Canyon 0.46 2 NAT RIM 0.62 2 NAT BC 1.14 2 NAT BCNM Total 2.23 7S12 BULL Canyon Parking 0.03 3 NAT RIM 1N36 BULLOCK Spur 2.68 2 NAT BC 3N49 BUREAU Power & Light 3.44 3 NAT RIM 3N02 BURNT Flat 2.47 2 NAT BC 3N50 BURNT Flats (OHV/4WD) 1.58 1 NAT BC 2N03 BURNT Mill 0.46 2 NAT BC 0.69 2 NAT URI Total 1.15 2N13B BUTLER Peak 2.5 2 NAT BC 2N12 BYPASS (OHV) 0.84 2 NAT BC 3N62 CACTUS Flat 1.12 2 NAT BC 7S05B CACTUS Spring 0.58 2 NAT BC 7S11 CAHUILLA Tewanet Overlook 0.01 5 AC BC 0.03 5 AC EW Total 0.04 2N49A CAJON Mountain Lookout 0.15 2 NAT BC 0.53 2 NAT BCNM Total 0.68 1N12A CAMP Angelus Heliport 0.14 2 NAT RIM 1N51 CAMP Angelus Station 0.03 5 AC RIM 2N15X CAMP Cedar Crest 0.47 4 AC URI 1N62Y CAMP Osceol 0.49 4 AC RIM 0.77 2 NAT RIM Total 1.26 2N17 CAMP Osito 0.59 2 NAT BC 1.07 2 NAT URI Total 1.65 2N24Y CAMP Paivika 0.3 2 NAT BC 0.59 2 NAT URI Total 0.9 1N45A CAMP River Glen 0.34 2 AGG RIM 2N03X CAMP Seeley 0.27 2 NAT URI 0.87 2 NAT BC Total 1.14 1N60 CAMP Tulakes 0.22 3 AGG RIM 3N59 CARBINE Flat (OHV) 3.84 2 NAT BC 3N59B CARBINE Flat Spur B (4WD) 2.66 2 NAT BC 3N59A CARBINE Flat Spur A (4WD) 0.02 2 NAT BC 1.8 2 NAT BCNM Total 1.82 2N85 CASTLE Loop 0.92 2 NAT BC 3N39 CATERPILLAR (OHV) 3.8 1 NAT BC 2N87 CHALK 3.07 2 NAT RIM 1N96YA CHILDREN'S Forest Trailhead 0.09 4 AC RIM 3N97 CIENEGA Larga 1.88 2 NAT BC 3N97A CIENEGA Larga Spur A 0.52 2 NAT BC 3N97C CIENEGA Larga Spur C 0.24 1 NAT BC 3N51 CIRCLE Mountain 0.38 3 NAT BC 0.86 3 NAT BCNM Total 1.24 54 San Bernardino National Forest Big Bear Place Off-Highway Vehicle Travel Analysis Process Table 27: San Bernardino National Forest Roads Summary (2005 RAP) ID NAME MILES OPML SURFACE LUZ 1N09 CITY Creek 0.84 3 NAT RIM 7.7 3 NAT BC 11.93 2 NAT BC Total 20.48 1N23 CITY Creek Station 0.12 5 AC BC 1N54 CLARKS Grade 0.66 3 NAT RIM 0.77 3 NAT BC 5.8 2 NAT BC Total 7.22 1N94 CLARKS Tie 0.07 2 NAT RIM 0.6 2 NAT BC Total 0.67 2N47 CLEGHORN Ridge (OHV) 1.89 2 NAT RIM 11.82 2 NAT BC Total 13.71 2N47A CLEGHORN Spur 0.66 2 NAT RIM 0.69 2 NAT BC Total 1.35 2N30 CLOUDLAND Cutoff (OHV) 2.52 2 NAT BC 2N40 CLOUDLAND Truck Trail 1.14 2 NAT URI (OHV) 4.82 2 NAT B Total 5.96 2N22 COLD Brook Campground 0.33 1 AC URI 2N22A COLD Brook Spur 0.26 2 NAT URI 3N06A COLD Water Canyon 1.81 2 NAT BC 5S02 COLDWATER Canyon 0.3 2 NAT BC 0.88 2 NAT URI Total 1.19 1N80 CONVERSE Station 0.05 4 AC RIM 0.1 2 NAT RIM Total 0.15 1N02 COON Creek Jumpoff 0.03 5 AC BCNM COON 0.39 5 AC BC COON 4.9 3 NAT BC Total 5.32 1N02B COON Creek Spur 1.17 1 NAT BC 6S16 COTTONWOOD 3.93 2 NAT BC 2N48 COTTONWOOD Station 0.13 5 AC RIM 2N98Y COUGAR Crest 0.11 5 AC URI 1N28 COUNCIL Camp Campground 0.03 5 AC RIM 3N14 COXEY 1.19 3 NAT BCNM 14.38 3 NAT BC Total 15.57 3N95 COXEY Creek 3.43 0 NAT BC 3N14N COXEY Spur 0.27 2 NAT URI 3N14E 0.41 2 NAT BC 3N14A 1.71 2 NAT BC Total 2.39 3N14G COXEY Spur G 0.34 2 NAT BC 2N31Y CRAB Flat Loop (OHV) 0.02 2 NAT RIM 3N34 CRAB Flats 0.33 3 NAT BC 0.41 3 NAT RIM 0.29 2 NAT URI 1.13 2 NAT RIM 2.01 2 NAT BCNM 7.53 2 NAT BC Total 11.71 3N34A CRAB Flats Campground 0.07 3 NAT RIM 3N34B CRAB Flats Spur 0.14 2 NAT RIM 55 San Bernardino National Forest Big Bear Place Off-Highway Vehicle Travel Analysis Process Table 27: San Bernardino National Forest Roads Summary (2005 RAP) ID NAME MILES OPML SURFACE LUZ 2N13D CRAFTS Peak 2.55 2 NAT BC 5S27 CRANSTON Station 0.21 5 AC RIM 2N67 CREST Park Picnic Area 0.13 5 AC URI 3N88 CRYSTAL Creek 6.22 2 NAT BC 3N88A CRYSTAL Creek Spur A 0.3 2 NAT BC 3N88B CRYSTAL Creek Spur B 1.07 2 NAT BC 1N12D CRYSTAL Peak Heliport 0.37 2 NAT BC 7S05D D Spur 0.51 2 NAT BC 1N22 DALEY 0.22 5 AC BC 0.22 5 AC URI 1.08 2 NAT URI 7.23 2 NAT BC Total 8.74 4S02 DARK Canyon 0.23 5 AC RIM 2.14 4 AC RIM 1.67 3 NAT RIM Total 4.03 4S02A DARK Canyon Campground 0.19 4 AC RIM 7S05C DEEP Canyon Spur 0.36 2 NAT BC 1N44 DEER Canyon 0.3 1 NAT BCNM 2N45Y DEER Group Camp 0.23 2 NAT BC 2N94 DEER Lodge 0.34 2 NAT URI 0.45 2 NAT BC Total 0.79 1N63 DEERLICK Station 0.23 5 AC URI 1N20 DEL Rosa Work Center 0.91 5 AC URI 3N80 DELAMAR 1.65 2 NAT BC 3N12 DELAMAR Mountain 3.51 3 NAT BC 3N12A DELAMAR Mountain Spur A 0.19 1 NAT BC 3N12B DELAMAR Mountain Spur B 0.3 0 NAT BC 3N12C DELAMAR Mountain Spur C 0.66 2 NAT BC 3N24 DESERT Front (OHV) 1.45 2 NAT URI 10.56 2 NAT BC Total 12.01 3N34D DEVILS Hole (OHV) 0.29 2 NAT BCNM 1.43 2 NAT BC Total 1.73 2N62 DISCOVERY Center Parking 0.39 5 AC URI 2N31 DISPOSAL 0.91 5 AC BC 0.24 2 NAT BC 0.53 2 NAT URI Total 1.67 2N98 DOGWOOD Campground 2.13 5 AC URI 3N77 DRY Canyon Spur (OHV) 3.14 0 NAT BC 1N96D DRY Creek 0.41 2 NAT BC 1N42B DRY Creek TS 0.09 2 NAT BC 1N42B 0.2 2 NAT URI 1N96F 0.25 2 NAT URI Total 0.54 1N65 DUTCH John Flat 0.12 2 NAT BC 2N20 EAST End 0.79 2 NAT RIM 1.2 2 NAT BC Total 1.99 1N84 EAST Flats 1.62 2 NAT RIM 2S24A EAST Fork Mias Canyon 0.29 2 AGG BC 4S10 EAST Indian Creek (OHV) 3.93 2 NAT BC 1N32 EDISON Road Section 3 2.3 3 NAT BC 3N22 ELLIOT Ranch 2.31 2 NAT BC 1N34A ETIWANDA Ridge 0.91 0 NAT BC 56 San Bernardino National Forest Big Bear Place Off-Highway Vehicle Travel Analysis Process Table 27: San Bernardino National Forest Roads Summary (2005 RAP) ID NAME MILES OPML SURFACE LUZ 1S03 FALLS 0.38 5 AC RIM 0.53 2 NAT RIM Total 0.92 1S03A FALLS Picnic Area 0.21 5 AC RIM 1S03B FALLS Trailhead 0.05 5 AC RIM 4S71A FERN Basin Campground 0.53 4 AC RIM 1N05 FISH Creek Meadows 6.07 3 NAT BC 1N05B FISH Creek Meadows Spur 0.57 1 NAT BC 1N05A 0.83 1 NAT BC Total 1.4 5S13 FISHERMAN Fuelbreak (4WD) 0.39 2 NAT BC 2N18 FISHERMANS Camp 0.01 2 NAT URI 1.28 2 NAT BCNM Total 1.29 6S05 FOBES Ranch 0.83 3 NAT RIM 2.81 3 NAT BC Total 3.64 1N07 FORSEE Creek 1.65 1 NAT RIM 1N82 FORSEE Ridge 0.78 3 NAT RIM 1N27 FRANKISH Peak 0.08 2 NAT BC 1N09D FREDALBA Creek 0.86 2 NAT BC 4S16 FULLER Mill Creek Picnic 0.11 2 BST RIM Area 4S01C FULLER Spur C 0.1 3 NAT EW 0.12 3 NAT RIM Total 0.22 3N54 FURNACE 1.94 2 NAT BC 3.02 1 NAT BC Total 4.95 2N15 GLORY Ridge 0.56 4 AC BC 1.35 2 NAT BC Total 1.91 6S53 GOFF Flat 0.25 2 NAT BC 1.47 2 NAT RIM Total 1.72 3N05 GOLD Fever 1.01 3 NAT BC 2N12Y GOLD Hill Mine 0.72 2 NAT BC 2.33 2 NAT URI Total 3.05 3N69 GOLD Mountain (4WD) 4.07 2 NAT BC 4N16 GRAPEVINE Canyon 0.73 3 NAT BC 1.15 2 NAT BC Total 1.88 2N70 GRAYS Peak 2.37 2 NAT BC 2N13A GRAYS Peak Group 0.03 2 NAT BC Campground 2N70A GRAYS Peak Spur 0.58 2 NAT BC 2N42 GRAYS Peak Trailhead 0.11 5 AC URI 2N92 GREEN Canyon 0.11 2 NAT BC 1.93 2 NAT BCNM Total 2.04 2N93A GREEN Canyon Spur 0.37 2 NAT URI 2N93B GREEN Canyon Group Camp 0.19 2 NAT URI 0.44 2 NAT BC Total 0.63 2N93C GREEN Spot Picnic Area 0.35 2 NAT URI 2N54 GREEN Valley Bypass 0.6 2 NAT URI 1.09 2 NAT BC Total 1.69

57 San Bernardino National Forest Big Bear Place Off-Highway Vehicle Travel Analysis Process Table 27: San Bernardino National Forest Roads Summary (2005 RAP) ID NAME MILES OPML SURFACE LUZ 2N16 GREEN Valley Campground 0.38 5 AC URI 3N16R GREEN Valley Creek 0.28 1 NAT URI 0.68 1 NAT BC Total 0.96 2N83 GREEN Valley Edison 0.02 2 NAT BC 0.6 2 NAT URI Total 0.62 3N90 GREENLEAD Creek 1.49 2 NAT BC 1N47 GREYBACK Amphitheater 0.09 5 AC RIM 2N35 GROUT Bay Picnic Area 0.25 5 AC URI 2N80 GROUT Creek Cutoff 0.85 2 NAT BC 2N80A GROUT Creek Cutoff Spur 0.1 2 NAT BC 2N13C GROUT TS Spur 0.2 2 NAT BC 4S01A HALL Decker Spur 1.04 2 NAT RIM 2N06A HAMILTON Creek 0.2 2 NAT RIM 0.64 2 NAT BC Total 0.84 2N59Y HANGMAN 0.36 2 NAT URI 0.65 2 NAT RIM Total 1.01 3N14P HANNA Flat Spur 0.21 1 NAT BC 3N14J HANNA Flats Campground 1.18 5 AC BC 3N43 HARVEY Mine 0.79 2 NAT BC 1N75 HATHAWAY West 0.9 2 AGG RIM 3N41 HAWES Ranch 0.1 2 NAT BCNM 0.35 0 NAT BCNM Total 0.45 1N56 HEART Bar Campground 0.02 5 AC BCNM 0.8 5 AC BC Total 0.83 1N02A HEART Bar Equestrian Group 0.12 3 AGG BC Campground 1N38 HEART Bar Peak 0.19 2 AGG BCNM 2.9 2 AGG BC Total 3.09 1N39B HEART Bar Station 0.04 4 AC BC 1N39 0.4 4 AC BC 1N39 0.4 3 NAT BC Total 0.84 3N32 HEPBURN Mine 1.46 2 NAT BC 1N86 HILL Ranch 3.76 2 NAT RIM 3N89 HITCHCOCK 0.61 2 NAT BC 6S18 HOG Lake 3.18 2 NAT BC 3N93 HOLCOMB Creek (4WD) 3.37 2 NAT BC 3N08 4.22 2 NAT BC Total 7.59 3N16 HOLCOMB Valley 0.83 3 NAT RIM 1.32 3 NAT URI 23.22 3 NAT BC Total 25.37 3N16E HOLCOMB Valley 0.47 3 NAT BC Campground 3N16J HOLCOMB Valley Spur 0.17 2 NAT BC 3N16A 0.22 2 NAT BC 3N16L 0.62 2 NAT BC 3N16B 0.17 0 NAT BC 3N16C 0.27 0 NAT BC Total 1.44 2N26Y HOOK Creek 0.74 5 AC URI

58 San Bernardino National Forest Big Bear Place Off-Highway Vehicle Travel Analysis Process Table 27: San Bernardino National Forest Roads Summary (2005 RAP) ID NAME MILES OPML SURFACE LUZ 0.13 2 NAT URI Total 0.87 1N78A HORSE Meadows 0.18 1 AGG RIM 4N16A HORSE Springs 0.62 3 NAT BC 3N66 HORSETHIEF 0.5 2 NAT BC 3N03A HORSETHIEF Flat (OHV) 0.22 2 NAT EW 2.79 2 NAT BC Total 3.02 5S14 HUMBER Park Trailhead 0.31 5 AC URI 3S09 HURLEY Flats 1.76 2 NAT BC 5S06 IDYLLWILD Control 0.58 3 NAT URI 3.82 3 NAT BC Total 4.4 5S26 IDYLLWILD Station 0.07 5 AC URI 4S06 INDIAN Canyon 0.21 2 NAT RIM 7.05 2 NAT BC Total 7.26 4S21 INDIAN Mountain (OHV) 3.82 2 NAT BC 4S73 INDIAN Vista Overlook 0.03 5 AC BC 1N30 IRONWOOD 1.62 2 NAT BC 3N97B IRONWOOD Group 0.26 2 NAT BC Campground 1N30A IRONWOOD Spur 0.07 2 NAT BC 1N30B 0.57 2 NAT BC Total 0.64 3N61 JACOBY Canyon 2.76 2 NAT BC 1N79 JENKS Lake Picnic Area 0.42 5 AC RIM 1N81 JENKS Lake Service 0.04 4 AC RIM 0.12 3 NAT RIM Total 0.16 3N10 JOHN Bull Flat 5.37 2 NAT BC 3N10B JOHN Bull Flat Spur 0.2 2 NAT BC 3N10A 0.3 2 NAT BC Total 0.5 6S89 JUAN Diego (OHV) 1.24 2 NAT BC 7S04 JUAN Diego Flat (OHV) 3.18 2 NAT BC 2N64Y JUNIPER Springs Group Camp 1.98 2 NAT BC 5S03 KEENWILD Spring 1.28 2 NAT URI 5S01 KEENWILD Station 0.44 5 AC URI 0.44 4 BST URI Total 0.88 1N09B KELLER Meadows 0.13 2 NAT BCNM 0.2 2 NAT BC Total 0.33 1N96 KELLER Peak 1.36 4 AC URI 2.02 4 AC BC 2.34 4 AC RIM Total 5.72 1N96B KELLER Peak Disposal 0.11 2 NAT BC 1N09C KELLER Ridge 0.04 2 NAT BC 0.81 2 NAT BCNM Total 0.85 6S88 KENWORTHY Station 0.23 5 AC RIM 2N86 KIDD Creek 0.02 2 NAT URI 2.22 2 NAT BC Total 2.24 2S03 KITCHING Peak 0.78 2 NAT BC 2N08 KNICKERBOCKER 1.55 2 NAT URI 2.39 2 NAT BC

59 San Bernardino National Forest Big Bear Place Off-Highway Vehicle Travel Analysis Process Table 27: San Bernardino National Forest Roads Summary (2005 RAP) ID NAME MILES OPML SURFACE LUZ Total 3.94 4S54 LAKE Fulmor Parking 0.04 5 AC RIM 4S52 LAKE Fulmor Picnic Area 0.42 5 AC RIM 4S53 LAKE Fulmor Service 0.03 2 NAT BC 0.24 2 NAT RIM Total 0.27 6S15 LAKE Hemet 0.33 5 AC RIM 6S15A LAKE Hemet Parking Areas 0.08 5 AC RIM 2N64 LAKE View Point 1.39 2 NAT BC 2N93G LIGHTNING 0.21 2 NAT BC 0.47 2 NAT BCNM Total 0.69 1N02C LIMESTONE 0.31 2 NAT BC 3N23 LITHUANIAN 0.72 2 NAT BC 2N84 LITTLE Bear Spring 1.85 2 NAT BC 2N84A LITTLE Bear Spring Spur A 0.33 2 NAT BC 2N84B LITTLE Bear Spring Spur B 0.71 2 NAT BC 2N19 LITTLE Green Valley 1.61 2 NAT URI 2.09 2 NAT BC Total 3.7 2N19A LITTLE Green Valley Spur A 0.08 2 NAT URI 0.38 2 NAT BC Total 0.46 2N19B LITTLE Green Valley Spur B 0.56 2 NAT BC 2N19C LITTLE Green Valley Spur C 0.26 2 NAT BC 3N66A LITTLE Horsethief 0.63 2 NAT BC 3N14D LITTLE Pine Flats 0.43 2 NAT BC 1N26 LITTLE Sand Creek 2.76 1 NAT BC 6S13E LITTLE Thomas Mountain 0.64 2 NAT BC 1N11 LOBO Oso Campground 0.36 3 BST RIM 5S09A LOGAN TS Spur 0.13 1 NAT BC 5S10A 0.2 1 NAT BC Total 0.33 2N11B LOOKOUT Spur 0.96 2 NAT BC 1N17A LOST Creek Tract 0.3 2 NAT RIM 2N88 LOST Lake 0.03 3 NAT RIM 2N06X LOWER Larga Flat 2.92 2 NAT BC 2N06XA LOWER Larga Flat Spur 0.6 2 NAT BC 3N31 LOWER Lytle Creek Divide 0.47 3 NAT URI 0.79 3 NAT RIM 6.62 3 NAT BC Total 7.87 2N04X LUMPY 0.08 2 NAT URI 0.51 2 NAT BC Total 0.6 2N55 LYTLE Creek Ranger Station 0.39 5 AC URI 2N55A LYTLE Creek Ranger Station 0.26 2 NAT URI Spur A 0.5 2 NAT BC Total 0.75 2N26 MALONEY Canyon 0.97 2 NAT BC 3N34E MALONEY Loop 0.12 1 NAT BC 1N09A MANZANITA Flats 0.35 2 NAT BC 4S71 MARION Mountain 0.83 4 AC RIM 4S71B MARION Mountain 0.23 4 AC RIM Campground 6S53A MARTINEZ 0.04 2 NAT BC 0.16 2 NAT RIM Total 0.21 5S21 MAY Valley 0.84 2 NAT URI 60 San Bernardino National Forest Big Bear Place Off-Highway Vehicle Travel Analysis Process Table 27: San Bernardino National Forest Roads Summary (2005 RAP) ID NAME MILES OPML SURFACE LUZ 1.58 2 NAT BC Total 2.42 2N22Y MAY Van Canyon 0.21 2 NAT BC 0.99 2 NAT URI Total 1.2 2N32 MEADOWS Edge Picnic 0.25 5 AC URI 4S05 MELLOR Ranch (OHV) 3.47 2 NAT BC 2N10A MERIDIAN Spur 0.07 1 NAT BC 0.51 1 NAT URI Total 0.59 2N38X METATE Trailhead 0.01 3 NAT URI 1N33 MEYERS Canyon 0.55 2 NAT RIM 1.11 2 NAT BC Total 1.66 2S24 MIAS Canyon 0.65 2 NAT BC 2N51Y MID Section 0.06 2 NAT URI 0.88 2 NAT BC Total 0.94 2N58 MIDDLE Fork Lytle Creek 0.26 3 NAT URI 2.02 3 NAT RIM Total 2.28 2N58A MIDDLE Fork Spur 0.23 2 NAT URI 2N08B MIDDLE Spur 0.54 1 NAT URI 2S06 MILE High 2.64 2 NAT BC 2N10 MILL Creek 0.7 5 AC URI 0.39 3 NAT RIM 2.7 3 NAT URI 7.49 3 NAT BC Total 11.28 1S16 MILL Creek Ranger Station 0.47 5 AC URI 2N10C MILL Creek Spur 0.25 2 NAT URI 1N42 MILL Peak 0.01 2 NAT URI 1.78 2 NAT BC Total 1.79 1N42A MILL Peak Spur 0.61 2 NAT BC 2S05 MILLARD Canyon 0.19 2 NAT BC 2N37 MILLER Canyon (OHV) 4.3 2 NAT BC 2N03Y MINNELUSA 0.33 2 NAT URI 2N69 MINNELUSA Canyon 0.12 5 AC URI 1S42 MOMYER Parking 0.03 3 NAT RIM 3N36 MONARCH Flat (4WD) 3.21 2 NAT BC 3N36A MONARCH Flat Spur (4WD) 0.43 2 NAT BC 1S35 MONKEYFACE Heliport 0.1 2 NAT BC 2N58Y MOONRIDGE 0.45 2 NAT URI 3N58 MORMON Rocks Station 0.23 5 AC RIM 1S14 MORTON Front Line 0.82 2 NAT BC 1S13 MORTON Ridge 1.47 2 NAT BC 1N22A MUD Flat 1.78 2 NAT BC 3N12E NORTH Delmar 1.01 2 NAT BC 2N35Y NORTH Fork 0.86 2 NAT BC 3N17D NORTH Peak 1.3 2 NAT BC 2N95 NORTH Shore Campground 0.25 5 AC URI 2N96 NORTH Shore Spur 1.09 2 NAT URI 2N45 NORTH Spur 0.64 2 NAT RIM 2.95 2 NAT BC Total 3.59 2S07 OAK Glen Heliport 0.27 2 AGG BC 1S19 OAK Glen Station 0.03 5 AC BC 3N37 OIL Well 0.06 2 NAT URI 61 San Bernardino National Forest Big Bear Place Off-Highway Vehicle Travel Analysis Process Table 27: San Bernardino National Forest Roads Summary (2005 RAP) ID NAME MILES OPML SURFACE LUZ 0.32 2 NAT BC Total 0.39 2N57 OLD CC Spur 0.64 2 NAT URI 2.74 2 NAT RIM 3.73 2 NAT BC Total 7.11 1N15 OLD City Creek Way 1.94 1 NAT BC 3N45 OLD Hesperia 2.11 3 NAT BC 1S15 OLD Mill Creek Campground 0.29 2 AGG RIM 2N97Y OLD Polique Canyon 0.13 2 NAT BCNM 0.42 2 NAT URI Total 0.55 2N68 OLD Snow Slide 1.22 2 NAT BC 2N68A OLD Snow Slide Spur 0.14 2 NAT BC 2N68B 0.18 2 NAT BC Total 0.31 1N01A ONYX 0.98 2 NAT BC 3N38B OVERLOOK 1 1 NAT BC 5S28 OVERLOOK Spur 0.09 2 NAT URI 3N06B PAIUTE 0.33 2 NAT EW 2.11 2 NAT BC Total 2.45 2N01X PARALLEL 1.99 1 NAT BC 4S06A PEACH Tree Springs 0.88 2 NAT BC 6S10 PENROD Canyon 0.15 2 NAT RIM 3.11 2 NAT BC Total 3.26 6S10A PENROD Canyon Spur 0.65 2 NAT BC 2N79 PENSTOCK Ridge 0.05 2 NAT URI 2.52 2 NAT BC Total 2.57 2N79A PENSTOCK Ridge Spur A 0.09 2 NAT RIM 1.37 2 NAT BC Total 1.46 2S01B PENSTOCK Water Tank 0.52 2 AGG BC 2N50 PERDEW Canyon 1.16 2 NAT RIM 2N17X PILOT Fuelbreak (OHV) 2.85 2 NAT BC 2N33 PILOT Rock (OHV) 0.7 2 NAT URI 8.38 2 NAT BC Total 9.08 2N36 PILOT Rock Ridge (OHV) 1.9 2 NAT BC 2S04 PINE Bench 1.6 2 NAT BC 2N49B PINE Flat 0.2 2 NAT BC 3N98 PINE Spring 2.69 2 NAT BC 2N99A PINEKNOT Campground 0.78 5 AC URI 2N08A PINEKNOT Spur 0.75 1 NAT URI 3N34F PINNACLES Staging Area 0.44 3 NAT BC (OHV) 7S08 PINYON Flats Campground 0.32 3 NAT URI 3N35 PIONEER 0.94 2 NAT URI PIONEER 1.01 2 NAT BCNM Total 1.95 3N35B PIONEER Spur 0.31 2 NAT BCNM 3N35A 1.06 2 NAT URI Total 1.37 1N01 PIPES Canyon 0.01 2 NAT RIM 7.99 2 NAT BC Total 8 1N01B PIPES Campground 0.02 2 NAT BC 62 San Bernardino National Forest Big Bear Place Off-Highway Vehicle Travel Analysis Process Table 27: San Bernardino National Forest Roads Summary (2005 RAP) ID NAME MILES OPML SURFACE LUZ 2N29Y PLANTATION 1.45 2 NAT BC 4S55 1.52 1 NAT BC 3N25 0.65 0 NAT BC Total 3.62 1N21 PLUNGE Creek 4.75 1 NAT BC 2N09 POLIQUE Canyon 0.33 3 NAT URI 2.65 3 NAT BC Total 2.98 2N09B POLIQUE Canyon Spur 0.15 2 NAT BC 2N09E 0.44 2 NAT URI 2N09A 0.93 2 NAT BC Total 1.53 1N78 POOPOUT Hill 1.84 1 AGG RIM 3N55 POWERLINE 1.12 3 NAT RIM 0.47 2 NAT RIM 1.94 2 NAT BC Total 3.53 1N04 RADFORD Front Line 0.26 3 NAT RIM 1.02 2 NAT BC 7.91 2 NAT RIM Total 9.2 2N06 RADFORD Truck Trail 1.05 2 NAT RIM 3.78 2 NAT BC Total 4.82 2N59 RAINBOW (OHV) 1.4 2 NAT BC 1.72 2 NAT RIM Total 3.12 6S13B RAMONA Campground 0.35 2 NAT BC 2N70Y RATTLESNAKE Canyon 1.23 2 NAT BC (OHV) 1N04A RATTLESNAKE Creek 0.06 2 AGG RIM 0.72 2 AGG BCNM Total 0.78 2S01 RAYWOOD Flat 9.51 2 NAT BC 5S10 RED Hill 0.55 3 NAT URI 1.83 3 NAT BC Total 2.38 6S22 RED Mountain (OHV) 0.03 3 NAT BCNM 0.92 3 NAT RIM 0.7 2 NAT RIM 7.05 2 NAT BC Total 8.69 6S22A RED Mountain Spur 1.57 1 NAT BC 5S18 REED Valley 0.78 2 NAT BC 1N86A RESORT TS 0.14 2 NAT RIM 1N90 0.19 2 NAT RIM Total 0.34 7S14 RIBBONWOOD 0.25 3 NAT URI 7S14A RIBBONWOOD Equestrian 0.34 3 NAT URI Camp 2N37YA ROCK Camp Spur A 0.15 2 NAT URI 2N37Y ROCK Camp Station 0.15 3 NAT URI 1N55 ROKOLAI 0.24 2 AGG RIM 2N02C ROSE Mine 0.28 2 NAT BC 2N89Y ROUND Valley Group 0.42 2 NAT BC Campground (OHV) 5S15 ROUSE Hill 0.01 2 NAT RIM 15.03 2 NAT BC Total 15.04

63 San Bernardino National Forest Big Bear Place Off-Highway Vehicle Travel Analysis Process Table 27: San Bernardino National Forest Roads Summary (2005 RAP) ID NAME MILES OPML SURFACE LUZ 2N25Y ROUSE Meadow 0.62 2 NAT BC 2N25 ROUSE Ranch 0.24 3 NAT URI 2.34 3 NAT BC Total 2.58 1N74 SAN Gorgonio Campground 0.99 5 AC RIM 5S09 SAN Jacinto Ridge 1.14 2 NAT URI 10.23 2 NAT BC Total 11.37 2N27 SAND Canyon 0.94 2 NAT URI 2.54 2 NAT BC Total 3.47 2N27A SAND Canyon Spur 0.43 2 NAT BC 1N34B SANSEVAIN Communication 0.33 3 NAT BC Site 1N13 SANTA Ana 4.5 2 NAT BC 2N11 SANTA Ana Divide 0.57 3 NAT BC 0.46 2 NAT BC Total 1.03 2N11A SANTA Ana Divide Spur 0.3 2 NAT BC 1N45 SANTA Ana River (742650) 4.6 3 NAT RIM 3N44 SANTA Fe Edison 0.73 2 NAT RIM 2.25 2 NAT BC Total 2.98 3N44A SANTA Fe Edison Spur 0.23 2 NAT RIM 3N47 SANTA Fe Fire 1.26 3 NAT RIM 7S02 SANTA Rosa 11.25 2 NAT BC 7S02A SANTA Rosa Spring 0.13 2 NAT BC Campground 7S05 SAWMILL 0.19 2 NAT URI 5.32 2 NAT BC Total 5.51 7S15 SAWMILL Trailhead Parking 0.04 5 AC URI 2N43 SAWPIT Canyon 0.3 2 NAT RIM 2.06 2 NAT BC Total 2.36 2N13X SAWPIT Connector 0.2 2 NAT URI 0.25 2 NAT BC Total 0.45 3N16P SECTION One Spur 0.31 2 NAT BC 2N14 SERRANO Campground 1.66 5 AC URI 1N64 SEVEN Pines 4.01 3 NAT BC 1N96Y SHADY Cove 0.3 4 AC RIM 0.08 2 NAT RIM Total 0.38 2N26YA SHAKE Creek 0.55 2 NAT URI 1.31 2 NAT BC Total 1.87 3N29 SHARPLESS Ranch 2.19 2 NAT BC 2N56 SHEEP Canyon 0.47 3 NAT URI 1.73 3 NAT BC Total 2.2 2N29 SHOVEL Hill 0.23 1 NAT URI 0.59 1 NAT BCNM Total 0.82 2N97 SIBERIA Creek 0.8 2 NAT BC 2N10E SKI 0.78 2 NAT RIM 2N10F 0.91 2 NAT RIM Total 1.69 1S04 SKINNER 0.12 1 NAT BC

64 San Bernardino National Forest Big Bear Place Off-Highway Vehicle Travel Analysis Process Table 27: San Bernardino National Forest Roads Summary (2005 RAP) ID NAME MILES OPML SURFACE LUZ 1N97 SKINNER Heliport 0.18 2 NAT BC 2N65 SKYFOREST Station 0.17 5 AC URI 2N27Y SKYLINE (OHV) 1.25 2 NAT BC 3N33 SLADE Canyon 1.74 3 NAT BC 2N61YB SLEEPY Creek 1.09 2 NAT BC 1N64A SLIDE Lake 1.37 2 NAT BC 3N07Y SMART Spring 1.18 2 NAT BC 3N03 SMARTS Ranch (OHV) 6.45 3 NAT BC 3N03F SMARTS Ranch Spur 0.26 2 NAT BC 3N03G 0.27 2 NAT BC Total 0.53 3N03C SMARTS Ranch Spur C 0.34 2 NAT BC 3N03D SMARTS Ranch Spur D 0.66 2 NAT BC 2N13 SNOW Slide 0.95 3 NAT URI 8.5 3 NAT BC Total 9.45 2N10D SNOW Summit 0.08 2 NAT BC 0.76 2 NAT RIM Total 0.83 1N96C SNOW Valley 1.36 2 NAT BC 1N17 SOUTH Fork Campground 0.7 4 AC RIM 3N17E SOUTH Peak Spur 1.71 2 NAT BC 5S11 SOUTH Ridge 1.13 3 NAT URI 5S11A SOUTH Ridge Spur 0.11 4 AC URI 5S11B 0.13 2 NAT URI Total 0.24 3N53 SOUTHERN Pacific 1.6 3 NAT RIM 3N53 3.75 3 NAT BC 2N89 4.5 3 NAT RIM Total 9.85 6S13F SPILLWAY 0.16 0 NAT BC 3N34C SPLINTERS Cabin 0.02 2 NAT URI 0.46 2 NAT BC Total 0.47 2N26A SPRAY 0.14 2 NAT BC 4S01E SPUR E 0.33 1 NAT BC 3N38 SQUINTS Ranch 1.63 2 NAT BC 3N38A SQUINTS Ranch Spur 0.67 2 NAT BC 2N24 ST. Bernard 0.5 2 NAT URI 0.82 2 NAT BC Total 1.33 2N24A ST. Bernard Spur 0.25 2 NAT BC 1N86B STETSON Hollow 1.1 2 NAT RIM 3N06 STOCKTON Flats 0.2 4 AC URI 0.68 4 AC BC 1.67 3 NAT BC 3.51 2 NAT BC 0.13 1 NAT BCNM 4.27 1 NAT BC Total 10.46 3N06D STOCKTON Flats Spur (4WD) 0.12 2 NAT BCNM 0.98 2 NAT BC Total 1.1 1N24 STRAWBERRY 0.12 2 NAT BCNM 2.65 2 NAT BC Total 2.77 2N72 STRAWBERRY Peak 0.54 4 AC URI 5S24 STRAWBERRY Ridge 0.82 2 NAT BC 0.23 1 NAT BC 65 San Bernardino National Forest Big Bear Place Off-Highway Vehicle Travel Analysis Process Table 27: San Bernardino National Forest Roads Summary (2005 RAP) ID NAME MILES OPML SURFACE LUZ 1.62 1 NAT URI Total 2.67 7S02C STUMP Springs Spur 0.33 2 NAT BC 1N03 SUGARLOAF Meadow 0.55 2 NAT BCNM 0.75 2 NAT RIM Total 1.3 2N21 SUGARLUMP 0.03 2 NAT BC 1.67 2 NAT RIM Total 1.7 2N46 SUGARPINE Springs 1.15 2 NAT BC 2N49C SUGARPINE Spur 0.18 2 NAT BC 2N82 SWITZER Park Picnic Area 0.02 5 AC URI 2N14X SWITZER Well 0.21 1 NAT BCNM 0.49 1 NAT URI Total 0.69 1N31 SYCAMORE Station 0.25 5 AC RIM 3N79 TANGLEWOOD Group 1.06 2 NAT BC Campground 3N16Q TEJON Ranch 0.94 2 NAT BC 2N33Y TENT Peg 0.17 2 NAT RIM 1N12C THOMAS Hunting Grounds 0.56 2 NAT BC Spur 1N12 THOMAS Hunting Grounds 0.77 2 NAT RIM 9.22 2 NAT BC Total 9.99 6S13 THOMAS Mountain 0.62 3 NAT RIM 13.53 3 NAT BC Total 14.16 6S13D THOMAS Mountain Lookout 0.42 2 NAT BC 1S05 THURMAN Flats Picnic Area 0.09 5 AC RIM 2N90 TIP Top Mountain 1.68 2 NAT BC 2N90A TIP Top Mountain Spur A 0.13 2 NAT BC 2N90B TIP Top Mountain Spur B 0.42 2 NAT BC 2N90C TIP Top Mountain Spur C 0.15 2 NAT EW 0.78 2 NAT BC Total 0.93 6S13A TOOL Box Spring Campground 0.24 2 NAT BC 7S03 TRIPP Flats Station 0.09 5 AC RIM 2N34 TUNNEL Two 0.43 2 NAT URI 1.74 2 NAT BC Total 2.17 2N34A TUNNEL Two Spur 0.72 2 NAT URI 1N22B UPPER Daley 0.19 2 NAT BCNM 0.97 2 NAT BC Total 1.16 3N31Y UPPER Lytle Creek Divide 11 3 NAT BC 2N38 VALLEY of the Moon 1.44 2 NAT BC 3N09 VAN Dusen Canyon 2.99 3 NAT BC 3N07 VAN Dusen Creek 1.65 2 NAT BC 3N07A VAN Dusen Creek Spur 0.41 2 NAT BC 3N09A VAN Dusen Canyon Spur 0.71 1 NAT BC 2N91B VISCERA Spring Spur 0.35 2 NAT EW 2N91A VISCERA Spring Spur (4WD) 1.2 2 NAT EW 3S08 VISTA Grande 0.72 2 NAT RIM 3.25 2 NAT BC Total 3.97 4S26 VISTA Grande Station 0.4 5 AC RIM 1S12 WARM Springs 4.52 2 NAT BC 3N46 WARM Springs Cutoff 0.29 1 NAT BC

66 San Bernardino National Forest Big Bear Place Off-Highway Vehicle Travel Analysis Process Table 27: San Bernardino National Forest Roads Summary (2005 RAP) ID NAME MILES OPML SURFACE LUZ 1N25 WEST Daley 0.06 2 NAT URI 0.89 2 NAT BC Total 0.95 1N35 WEST Fork Cucamonga 0.26 3 NAT BC 1N35 0.97 2 NAT BC Total 1.24 2N28 WEST Heaps Peak Heliport 0.61 4 AC URI 3N57 WHISKY Springs 0.49 2 NAT BC 3N17 WHITE Mountain 8.48 2 NAT BC 1.22 0 NAT BC Total 9.71 1N19 WILDHORSE 1.03 2 NAT BC 2N93 WILDHORSE Meadow 0.36 2 NAT BCNM 1.27 2 NAT URI 9.06 2 NAT BC Total 10.69 2N93F WILDHORSE Meadow Spur 0.19 2 NAT BC 2N93D 0.42 2 NAT BC 2N93E 0.79 1 NAT BC Total 1.39 1N19A WILDHORSE Spur 0.34 2 NAT BC 2S23 WILLIAMS Ranch 0.92 2 NAT BC 3N34X WILLOW Bypass (OHV) 0.96 2 NAT BC 1S22 WILSHIRE Peak (4WD) 0.22 2 NAT BC 3N11A WRIGHT Mine 0.7 2 NAT BC 3N11 WRIGHT Mine (OHV) 2.62 2 NAT BC 3N11B WRIGHT Mine Spur 0.51 2 NAT BC 3N11C 0.74 2 NAT BC Total 1.25 4S01D Y Camp Spur 0.37 2 NAT BC 1S09 YUCAIPA Ridge 5.63 2 NAT BC Grand Total 1025.81

67 San Bernardino National Forest Big Bear Place Off-Highway Vehicle Travel Analysis Process

Appendix B - FSH 7709.55 Chapter Step 1: Setting Up The Analysis The following factors should be considered, as applicable, when preparing to conduct travel analysis: 1. Agency objectives and priorities. 2. Environmental issues, such as soil and water resources, invasive species, and biological communities. 3. Conflicts among uses, public access, user safety, and accessibility. 4. Right-of-way acquisition needs. 5. The interrelationship of state, county, tribal, and other federal agency transportation facilities and travel management decisions on adjacent administrative units. 6. Transportation investments necessary to meet land management plan objectives. 1. The criteria for designating roads, trails, and areas, including the availability of resources for maintenance and administration of designated roads, trails, and areas. Grants, agreements, and volunteers may be used to extend Forest Service resources. 2. Previous administrative decisions regarding travel management made under authorities other than 36 CFR 212.51, including restrictions and prohibitions on motor vehicle use (36 CFR 212.50(b)). 3. Economic costs and benefits. 4. Needs of landowners in areas of intermingled ownership. 5. Ability to meet user needs and desires. 6. Anticipated future levels of motor vehicle use and changes in motor vehicle technology. 7. Existing or potential law enforcement issues.

Step 2: Describing the Situation 1. Summarize current land management and travel management direction. 2. For the portion of the forest transportation system under analysis, produce: 3. A map; 4. An inventory of NFS roads and NFS trails and areas on NFS lands managed for motor vehicle use; 5. An assessment of existing motorized and non-motorized uses; 6. A description of public and administrative access needs; 7. An assessment of motorized recreation opportunities; 8. Information about environmental, social, and other issues; 9. A summary of existing travel management decisions; 10. An assessment of available resources to maintain and operate the forest transportation system; and 11. A summary of available applicable accident and law enforcement data. 12. Consider motor vehicle use both on the part of the forest transportation system under analysis and on adjacent or connecting authorized transportation systems. 13. Consider the effects of motor vehicle use on the portion of the forest transportation system under analysis, using the general and specific criteria for designating NFS roads, NFS trails, and areas on NFS lands for motor vehicle use (36 CFR 251.55; FSM 7715.5).

68 San Bernardino National Forest Big Bear Place Off-Highway Vehicle Travel Analysis Process

Step 3: Identifying Issues 1. Identify key issues affecting the portion of the forest transportation system under analysis. Use appropriate public involvement to identify these issues. 2. To identify key issues, determine in the context of the analysis: 3. The primary public concerns related to travel management; 4. The primary management concerns related to travel management; 5. The primary legal constraints on travel management; and 6. The amount of resources and skills available to conduct the analysis. 7. Determine the data needed to analyze the key issues and whether the data are available or must be obtained. Step 4: Assessing Benefits, Problems, and Risks 1. Examine the major uses and environmental, social, and economic effects of the portion of the forest transportation system under analysis. Analyze the risks and benefits associated with the current situation. 2. Consider the general criteria for designating NFS roads, NFS trails, and areas on NFS lands (36 CFR 212.55(a); FSM 7715.5, para. 1). Consider, with the objective of minimizing, the effects of motor vehicle use on the specific criteria for designating NFS trails and areas on NFS lands (36 CFR 212.55(b); FSM 7715.5, para. 2), and consider the specific criteria for designating roads (36 CFR 212.55(c); FSM 7715.5, para. 3).

General Criteria for Roads, Trails, and Areas. In designating NFS roads, NFS trails, and areas on NFS lands for motor vehicle use, consider effects on NFS natural and cultural resources, public safety, provision of recreation opportunities, access needs, conflicts among uses of NFS lands, the need for maintenance and administration of roads, trails, and areas that would arise if the uses under consideration are designated, and availability of resources for maintenance and administration. Consider combinations of uses (such as motorized and non-motorized, different vehicle classes, and highway-legal and non-highway-legal vehicles) on NFS roads and NFS trails. The best way to minimize conflicts among uses may be to provide separate routes for each use. A decision to allow motorized mixed use on an NFS road must be informed by engineering analysis (FSH 7709.55, ch. 30). While important, the scarcity or abundance of resources to maintain and administer designated roads, trails, and areas should not be the only consideration in developing travel management proposals.

Specific Criteria for Trails and Areas. In addition to the general criteria in FSM 7715.5, paragraph 1, when analyzing motor vehicle use on NFS trails and areas on NFS lands, consider the effects on the following, with the objective of minimizing:  Damage to soil, watershed, vegetation, and other forest resources. Consider best management practices (BMPs) established by states as a standard for considering effects on these resources;  Harassment of wildlife and significant disruption of wildlife habitats;

69 San Bernardino National Forest Big Bear Place Off-Highway Vehicle Travel Analysis Process

 Conflicts between motor vehicle use and existing or proposed recreational uses on NFS lands or neighboring federal lands; and  Conflicts among different classes of motor vehicle uses on NFS lands or neighboring federal lands.

In addition, consider:  Compatibility of motor vehicle use with existing conditions in populated areas, taking into account sound, emissions, and other factors, such as traffic- generated dust and the proximity of residences, parks, and schools.

Specific Criteria for Roads. In addition to the general criteria in FSM 7715.5, paragraph 1, consider the following for NFS roads:  Speed, volume, composition, and distribution of traffic on roads; and  Compatibility of vehicle class with road geometry and road surfacing.  Consider existing road management objectives before making designations that would add vehicle classes.  NFS arterial and collector roads (at Operational Maintenance Level 3, 4, or 5) may provide primary access to NFS lands for passenger cars and commercial haulers. It may not be appropriate to make some of these roads part of an NFS road or NFS trail loop that has off-highway vehicle recreation as a primary objective (FSH 7709.55, ch. 30).

Step 5: Describing Opportunities and Setting Priorities 1. Identify management opportunities and priorities and formulate proposals for changes to the forest transportation system that respond to the issues, risks, and benefits identified in the preceding steps. 2. Compare motor vehicle use of the portion of the forest transportation system under analysis with desired conditions established in the applicable land management plan, and describe options for modifying the forest transportation system that would achieve desired conditions. 3. Identify any unauthorized roads and trails that should be considered for designation based on the analysis in paragraph 2.

Step 6: Reporting Document travel analysis in a report including: 1. A list of the key issues; 2. A prioritized list of the risks and benefits associated with changing the part of the forest transportation system under analysis; 3. A prioritized list of opportunities for addressing those risks and benefits; 4. If applicable, a prioritized list of actions or projects that would implement the minimum road system; and 5. If applicable, a list of proposed changes to current travel management direction, including proposed additions to or deletions from the forest transportation system.

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