Update/No.53, 2011
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Topological Evolution of Networks: Case Studies in the US Airlines and Language Wikipedias By
Topological Evolution of Networks: Case Studies in the US Airlines and Language Wikipedias by Gergana Assenova Bounova B.S., Theoretical Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (2003) B.S., Aeronautics & Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (2003) S.M., Aeronautics & Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (2005) Submitted to the Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY February 2009 c 2009 Gergana A. Bounova, All rights reserved. ... The author hereby grants to MIT the permission to reproduce and to distribute publicly paper and electronic copies of this thesis document in whole or in part. Author.......................................................................................... Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics February 27, 2009 Certified by..................................................................................... Prof. Olivier L. de Weck Associate Professor of Aeronautics and Astronautics and Engineering Systems Thesis Supervisor Certified by..................................................................................... Prof. Christopher L. Magee Professor of the Practice of Mechanical Engineering and Engineering Systems Certified by..................................................................................... Dr. Daniel E. Whitney Senior Research Scientist, Center for Technology, Policy and Industrial Development, Senior Lecturer in -
Update/No.33, 2006
UpdateEAB www.esperanto-gb.org ✩ Gisdateˆ An organ of the Esperanto Association of Britain Organo de Esperanto-Asocio de Britio No. 33, April–June 2006 ★ N-ro 33, aprilo–junio 2006 ISSN 1741-4679 International Communication without Discrimination ★ Respect for All Cultures Internacia Komunikado sen Diskriminacio ★ Respekto por Cˆiuj Kulturoj Response to ignorance of European Commissioner Jan Figel There follows the Esperanto version of the letter by the President of the Universal Esperanto Association in reply to the European Commission’s statement that culture is by definition absent from ‘artificial lan- guages’. Every speaker of Esperanto knows, on the other hand, that Esperanto was born of art, and particu- larly of poetry by L.L. Zamenhof. Original Esperanto poetry has since developed to rival the quality of poetry in any language – and that is without mentioning the quantity of original, quality prose, which Commissioner Figel would probably not have time to read in his lifetime. Is it not sad that we are ruled by people who are unable to ascertain even the most basic facts, but instead parrot old clichés? Like Galileo’s persecutors, they cannot bring themselves to look through the telescope and observe the reality that contra- dicts their prejudices. Protests to: Mr Jan Figel, European Commission, Rue de la Loi 200, B-1049 Bruxelles, Belgium. Estimata komisionano, instancoj. Mi estos feliça klarigi tuj kiam tio estos ebla. Mi estos, mi skribas al vi por esprimi la al vi persone çi-rilate la situacion poste, feliça liveri al viaj oficejoj senton de indigno de çiuj en Hungarujo, en Litovujo, en kaj al viaj fakuloj vastan esperantistoj, kaj aparte de tiuj Italujo kaj en aliaj EU-landoj. -
Israelaj Esperantistoj Kunvenis En Kibuco
revuo ISSN 0014-0635 Oficiala organo de Universala Esperanto-Asocio (en oficialaj rilatoj kun UN kaj Unesko) 97-a jaro • n-ro 1168 (3) • Marto 2004 IsraelajIsraelaj esperantistojesperantistoj kunveniskunvenis enen kibucokibuco LaΩdado de Tradukmaßinoj komuna prudento kaj tradukmemoroj Çu Esperanto Tute normala Çu la movado floras en Afriko? progreso II. malbonfartas? Esperanto Oficiala organo de Universala Esperanto-Asocio Enhavo (en oficialaj rilatoj kun UN kaj Unesko) 51 .... Malferme: Babiloj kurzas nule aΩ LaΩdado de komuna prudento Babiloj kurzas nule aΩ Fondita en 1905 de Paul Berthelot (Renato Corsetti). (1881-1910). Establita kiel organo 52 .... Çu Esperanto floras en Afriko? Virunga klubo serças leteramikojn. de UEA en 1908 de Hector Hodler AnkaΩ kilibanoj emus korespondi. 53 .... En Benino çio iras glate. Çu granda centro en Goma? LaΩdado de komuna prudento (1887-1920). 54 .... Braza Centro seminariis. Kalimba en Kongolando. Rondvoja¸o tra Togolando. Redaktoro: Stano Marçek. UTE en Togolando. 55 .... Bona espero en Suda Afriko. Jubilea festo en Kinßaso. Juna bando en Ni¸erlando. Renato Corsetti Adreso de la redakcio: Seti Dismas. Verda Maro en Ni¸erio. Revuo Esperanto 56 .... Bona tradukmaßino bazi¸as sur tradukmemoro (Toon Witkam). a unua duono de la titolo estas mallerta provo traduki madikaj in¸enieroj ricevas la plej altajn salajrojn, sed simple p/a Stano Marçek, Zvolenská 15 57 .... Kalendaro tre sukan italan esprimon, kies senco estas, ke babiloj homoj, kiuj posedas komunan prudenton. Tiuj i¸as la gravuloj SK–036 01 Martin, Slovakio 60 .... Tute normala progreso II. (fino). (Claude Piron). L kostas neniom, ke ili estas libere doneblaj kaj libere en entreprenoj. Fakte superajn teknikistojn oni facile trovas , +421 43 4222 788 62 ... -
Langmag July06 14-17.Qxd (Page 1)
Methodology Robert L. Read and Steven D. Brewer explain how Esperanto acts as a springboard for the acquisition of other languages Who Knows Where Esperanto Might Lead? In 1887, an obscure eye doctor in ly attain a competency that eluded them in Esperanto, or any language, provides a Poland self-published a little book in Russian. learning an ethnic language or report that they propaedeutic effect in learning a next lan- Over the next several years Lingvo Internacia1 reached a given level of competency in a frac- guage which is similar. appeared in English, French, German, tion of the time required by a national lan- Several factors may contribute to the Hebrew, and Polish. This book, written under guage. Early success creates a virtuous cycle Corder effect, including similarities in vocabu- the pen name Doctor Esperanto, laid the which encourages more study and often leads lary, grammatical structure, and word order. foundation for a new language that would to genuine fluency. Achievement yields positive Similarity of vocabulary has been shown to achieve what no other language project had effects on student self-confidence, insight into be an effective metric for predicting how ever done: establish a living community that the nature of languages in general, and the much knowing one language will help with would go on to survive the death of its cre- structure of their native language in particular. learning another.5 Since Esperanto was ator. Even conservative estimates place the Barry Farber writes in his book How to designed to have a widely recognized vocab- number of active speakers in the tens of Learn Any Language:2 “It’s said that once you ulary and grammatical features broadly thousands, with the number who have master one foreign language, all others come shared across language families, it takes learned Esperanto at some time in their lives much more easily. -
Plansprachliche Bibliotheken Und Archive
Beiheft 15 Berlin, November 2008 ISSN 1432-3567 Plansprachliche Bibliotheken und Archive Beiträge der 17. Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft für Interlinguistik e.V., 23.-25. November 2007, in Berlin Herausgegeben von Detlev Blanke Berlin 2008 1 Die GIL konzentriert ihre wissenschaftliche Arbeit vor allem auf Probleme der internationalen sprachlichen Kommunikation, der Plansprachenwissenschaft und der Esperantologie. Die Gesellschaft gibt das Bulletin „Interlinguistische Informationen“ (ISSN 1430- 2888) heraus und informiert darin über die wichtigsten interlinguistischen und esperantologischen Aktivitäten und Neuerscheinungen international und in Deutschland. Im Rahmen ihrer Jahreshauptversammlungen führt sie Fachveranstaltungen zu interlinguistischen Problemen durch und veröffentlicht die Akten und andere Materialien. Vorstand der GIL 1. Vorsitzender: Dr. sc. Detlev Blanke 2. Vorsitzende: Prof. Dr. habil. Sabine Fiedler Schatzmeister: Dipl.-Ing. Horst Jasmann Mitglied: Dr. habil. Cornelia Mannewitz Mitglied: PD Dr. Dr. Rudolf-Josef Fischer Berlin 2008 Herausgegeben von der „Gesellschaft für Interlinguistik e.V.“ (GIL) Otto-Nagel-Str. 110, DE-12683 Berlin Tel.: +49-30-54 12 633, Fax : +49-30-54 98 16 38 [email protected] www.interlinguistik-gil.de © bei den Autoren der Beiträge ISSN: 1432-3567 ____________________________________________________________________ 2 Plansprachliche Bibliotheken und Archive Beiträge der 17. Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft für Interlinguistik e.V., 23.-25. November 2007, in Berlin Herausgegeben von Detlev Blanke -
The English Wikipedia in Esperanto
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by DSpace at Tartu University Library WikiTrans: The English Wikipedia in Esperanto Eckhard Bick GrammarSoft ApS & University of Southern Denmark [email protected] Abstract: and as large as e.g. the Danish one, has only WikiTrans is a translation project and web portal for 140.000 articles, while the English Wikipedia with translated Wikipedias. Using the GrammarSoft's rule- its 3.4 million articles (or 2.345.000.000 words) is based GramTrans technology, we created a high-quality roughly 24 times as big. In addition, there is a English-Esperanto machine translation system, and used difference in article size1, with an average of 3.600 it to translate the entire English Wikipedia (ca. 3.000.000 letters (~ 600 words) for English and German, and a articles), at a speed of 17.000 articles a day. The translated articles are searchable both locally little over 1500 letters (~ 250 words) in Esperanto, (www.wikitrans.net) and in the original Esperanto translating into an even bigger factor of difference, Wikipedia, where we maintain a revision interface for 57, when focusing on content volume. In other users who wish to turn our translated articles into new words, more than 98% of the English language ”originals”. In this paper, we explain the framework and information is not accessible in Esperanto (or challenges of the project, and show how translation rules Danish). One could argue that the Esperanto articles can exploit grammatical information provided by a concentrate on the important and frequently sought- Constraint Grammar parser. -
Download the Program Booklet
Spaß an Sprachen ! Überall wo es Bücher gibt und auf AssimilWelt.com Learn. Speak. Smile. Learn 140+ languages on almost any device with uTalk Polyglot Gathering OOer* Get 70% oO when you subscribe for only €2.99 a month at utalk.com/polyglot *OOer valid until midnight, 3rd June 2018 Visit the website for full details Content 2 Content Content ......................................................................................................................2 Welcome ....................................................................................................................3 Opening speech ........................................................................................................4 Conference organizers .............................................................................................5 Timetable – Wednesday ........................................................................................11 Timetable – Thursday ............................................................................................12 Timetable – Friday .................................................................................................14 Timetable – Saturday .............................................................................................16 Timetable – Sunday ................................................................................................18 List of talks and speakers (1/2) .............................................................................20 Map of the venue ....................................................................................................42 -
Using Natural Language Generation to Bootstrap Missing Wikipedia Articles
Semantic Web 0 (0) 1 1 IOS Press 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 Using Natural Language Generation to 4 5 5 6 Bootstrap Missing Wikipedia Articles: 6 7 7 8 8 9 A Human-centric Perspective 9 10 10 * 11 Lucie-Aimée Kaffee , Pavlos Vougiouklis and Elena Simperl 11 12 School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, UK 12 13 E-mails: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 Abstract. Nowadays natural language generation (NLG) is used in everything from news reporting and chatbots to social media 18 18 management. Recent advances in machine learning have made it possible to train NLG systems that seek to achieve human- 19 19 level performance in text writing and summarisation. In this paper, we propose such a system in the context of Wikipedia and 20 evaluate it with Wikipedia readers and editors. Our solution builds upon the ArticlePlaceholder, a tool used in 14 under-resourced 20 21 Wikipedia language versions, which displays structured data from the Wikidata knowledge base on empty Wikipedia pages. 21 22 We train a neural network to generate a ’introductory sentence from the Wikidata triples shown by the ArticlePlaceholder, and 22 23 explore how Wikipedia users engage with it. The evaluation, which includes an automatic, a judgement-based, and a task-based 23 24 component, shows that the summary sentences score well in terms of perceived fluency and appropriateness for Wikipedia, and 24 25 can help editors bootstrap new articles. -
Clirmatrix: a Massively Large Collection of Bilingual and Multilingual Datasets for Cross-Lingual Information Retrieval
CLIRMatrix: A massively large collection of bilingual and multilingual datasets for Cross-Lingual Information Retrieval Shuo Sun Kevin Duh Johns Hopkins University Johns Hopkins University [email protected] [email protected] Abstract the same language, then employ a monolingual information retrieval (IR) engine to find relevant We present CLIRMatrix, a massively large col- lection of bilingual and multilingual datasets documents. for Cross-Lingual Information Retrieval ex- Recently, the research community has been ac- tracted automatically from Wikipedia. CLIR- tively looking at end-to-end solutions that tackle Matrix comprises (1) BI-139, a bilingual the CLIR task without the need to build MT sys- dataset of queries in one language matched tems. This line of work builds upon recent ad- with relevant documents in another language vances in Neural Information Retrieval in the mono- for 139×138=19,182 language pairs, and lingual setting, c.f. (Mitra and Craswell, 2018; (2) MULTI-8, a multilingual dataset of queries and documents jointly aligned in 8 different Craswell et al., 2020). There are proposals to di- languages. In total, we mined 49 million rectly train end-to-end neural retrieval models on unique queries and 34 billion (query, doc- CLIR datasets (Sasaki et al., 2018; Zhang et al., ument, label) triplets, making it the largest 2019) or MT bitext (Zbib et al., 2019; Jiang et al., and most comprehensive CLIR dataset to 2020). One can also exploit cross-lingual word em- date. This collection is intended to support beddings to train a CLIR model on disjoint mono- research in end-to-end neural information re- lingual corpora (Litschko et al., 2018). -
The British Esperantist
THE BRITISH ESPERANTIST with which is incorporated “ International Language” Vol. X X X V II, No. 543/544 July/August 1950 READING BOOKS FOR YOUNG ESPERANTISTS A.B.C.-LIBRO (age: 3-7). The alphabet, each letter illustrated and with a verse by Nenio Rimanto. Printed on stout card. 1/-, post Id. ESPERANTO POR INF ANO J (age: 5-10). The adventures of a mouse family ; simple Esperanto ; many illustrations ; by G. Gladstone-Solomon (67 pp.) - - - 1/9, post 2d. JOHANO KAJ SILVIO (age : 8+). Various short everyday-life episodes about the same two children ; simple Esperanto ; by F. F. Betts (48 pp.) - - - - 1 /—, post Id. TEJO KAJ ĈERIK (age : 10+). Short stories in simple Esperanto ; illustrated ; by H. G. Toms (48 pp.) - - 1/6, post 2d. AVENTUROJ DE MARTENO DRAKE (age : 12+). Historical novel about a boy’s adventures in America in its early days as a colony; straightforward butnot simplified Esperanto (206 pp.) - - - - - cloth 5/-, post 6d. PINOKJO (age : 12+). The well known story of the adventures of a puppet ; by Collodi; illustrated (150 pp.) cloth '5/-, paper 2/6, post 4d. KNABOI DE PAŬLO-STRATO (age 12+). By the Hungarian, F. Molnar ; two gangs of children want to play in the same place ; what happens is exceedingly well told (188 pp.) 1/6, post 3d. Published by : THE ESPERANTO PUBLISHING CO. LTD. Order from : THE BRITISH ESPERANTO ASSOCIATION, INC. 140 Holland Park Avenue, London, W .ll LIBROJ VALORAJ ORIGINALA VERKARO de L. L. ZAMENHOF Kolektitaj kaj ordigitaj de D-ro JOH. DIETTERLE “No one can read these remarkable articles, prefaces, speeches, letters, and poems, without gaining a better understanding of the immense difficulties which confronted Zamenhof and the early pioneers : the ideals which inspired them, and their indomitable courage and perseverance, and without catching something of their ardent enthusiasm.”—The British Esperantist. -
Esperanto? What Is That?
Esperanto? What is that? Esperanto was proposed in the world know. Some of them 1887 as a neutral international have joined organised groups. language by Dr. L. L. Zamen- The Universal Esperanto Asso- hof, a Jewish ophthalmologist ciation (UEA = Universala Es- living in the (now Polish) west- peranto-Asocio) has members ern part of the Russian Empire. in 114 countries. The smaller His aim was to develop an eas- World Anational Association ily accessible, regular language (SAT = Sennacieca Asocio Tut- and try it out with colleagues, monda) has around 1000 mem- so that it might eventually be bers. It is a meeting-place for introduced as an international left-wing (mainly socialist, second language for everybody. anarchist and antinationalist), Zamenhof considered a neutral trade-unionist and ecologically language, one that would be- Esperanto has achieved one active Esperanto speakers. Es- long to all equally, to be not initial breakthrough: it has peranto continuously demon- only a practical matter, but a become a living language that strates its viability. It provides way to resolve conflicts and spans generations and which many practical services to its promote peace as well. tens of thousands throughout speakers. Democratic Communication on a World Scale The world dominance of just a few languages brought up lately and a response to relentless derives primarily from the power of the states capitalist globalisation from above, can only be that use them. Members of non-privileged put into practice by people who can talk to each linguistic communities communicate "uphill" other. internationally – to the extent they have a Esperanto is egalitarian. -
Esperanto As a Family Language
To appear in Fred Dervin (ed.). 2010. Lingua francas: La véhicularité linguistique pour vivre, travailler et étudier. Paris: L’Harmattan. Jouko Lindstedt (University of Helsinki) Eerant F Lgu Abstract. Esperanto was created to serve as a common second language in the world, but its present role as a vehicular language is confined to a rather small number of speakers who use it in their personal contacts and cultural activities, but seldom in their trades and professions. They form a kind of diasporic speech community with certain shared cultural values and symbols, original literature unknown outside the community, and frequent personal contacts at various meetings and on the Internet. Esperanto has also been used as a family language for about one hundred years, and there are perhaps one thousand first-language speakers. The paper presents an overview of the little-studied field of Esperanto as a native and family language and points out some methodological and factual problems in the few published studies. The major pitfalls of the study of native Esperanto are identified as follows: (i) concentrating on mixed marriages only; (ii) confusing the Esperanto speech community with the Esperanto movement; (iii) not knowing the language sufficiently; (iv) ignoring the subjects’ linguistic background, and (v) expecting a priori nativisation to bring about changes in the language. 1. I It is not uncommon that a vehicular language comes to be used as an everyday language in some families, even though it is native to neither parent. Besides such better-known examples as English, French or Russian, Esperanto presents a linguistically interesting case of such a language.