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Topological Evolution of Networks: Case Studies in the US Airlines and Language Wikipedias By
Topological Evolution of Networks: Case Studies in the US Airlines and Language Wikipedias by Gergana Assenova Bounova B.S., Theoretical Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (2003) B.S., Aeronautics & Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (2003) S.M., Aeronautics & Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (2005) Submitted to the Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY February 2009 c 2009 Gergana A. Bounova, All rights reserved. ... The author hereby grants to MIT the permission to reproduce and to distribute publicly paper and electronic copies of this thesis document in whole or in part. Author.......................................................................................... Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics February 27, 2009 Certified by..................................................................................... Prof. Olivier L. de Weck Associate Professor of Aeronautics and Astronautics and Engineering Systems Thesis Supervisor Certified by..................................................................................... Prof. Christopher L. Magee Professor of the Practice of Mechanical Engineering and Engineering Systems Certified by..................................................................................... Dr. Daniel E. Whitney Senior Research Scientist, Center for Technology, Policy and Industrial Development, Senior Lecturer in -
Langmag July06 14-17.Qxd (Page 1)
Methodology Robert L. Read and Steven D. Brewer explain how Esperanto acts as a springboard for the acquisition of other languages Who Knows Where Esperanto Might Lead? In 1887, an obscure eye doctor in ly attain a competency that eluded them in Esperanto, or any language, provides a Poland self-published a little book in Russian. learning an ethnic language or report that they propaedeutic effect in learning a next lan- Over the next several years Lingvo Internacia1 reached a given level of competency in a frac- guage which is similar. appeared in English, French, German, tion of the time required by a national lan- Several factors may contribute to the Hebrew, and Polish. This book, written under guage. Early success creates a virtuous cycle Corder effect, including similarities in vocabu- the pen name Doctor Esperanto, laid the which encourages more study and often leads lary, grammatical structure, and word order. foundation for a new language that would to genuine fluency. Achievement yields positive Similarity of vocabulary has been shown to achieve what no other language project had effects on student self-confidence, insight into be an effective metric for predicting how ever done: establish a living community that the nature of languages in general, and the much knowing one language will help with would go on to survive the death of its cre- structure of their native language in particular. learning another.5 Since Esperanto was ator. Even conservative estimates place the Barry Farber writes in his book How to designed to have a widely recognized vocab- number of active speakers in the tens of Learn Any Language:2 “It’s said that once you ulary and grammatical features broadly thousands, with the number who have master one foreign language, all others come shared across language families, it takes learned Esperanto at some time in their lives much more easily. -
Update/No.53, 2011
UpdateEAB www.esperanto-gb.org ✩ Gisdateˆ A quarterly organ of the Esperanto Association of Britain Kvaronjara organo de Esperanto-Asocio de Britio ★ No. 53, April–June 2011 N-ro 53, aprilo–junio 2011 ISSN 1741-4679 International communication without discrimination ★ Respect for all cultures Internacia komunikado sen diskriminacio ★ Respekto por ˆiujc kulturoj Trustees’ Annual • Successful Report 2009–10 Twitter campaign The trustees are pleased to present their report with the financial statements of the charity for the year ended 31 October 2010. A full copy of the report celebrates and financial statements may be obtained from Esperanto House. he Management Commit- their languages and cultures to Zamenhof tee of the Association are be treated equally. Tthe trustees of the charity. Day Those who served from 1 Nov. PUBLIC BENEFIT 2009 to 31 Oct. 2010 were: In setting objectives and plan- (see page 7) John Wells (president), Edmund ning activities the trustees have Grimley Evans (vice-president), given consideration to the David Kelso (hon. secretary), Charity Commission’s general • Prestigˆa Joyce Bunting (hon. treasurer), guidelines on public benefit, and Geoffrey Greatrex, Clare Hunter. in particular to guidance on artikolo David Bisset and Jean Bisset advancing education. EAB does served until 16 May 2010. not exclude anyone for any en israela reason. STAFF AND APPOINTEES Continued overleaf Education & Development Co- revuo ordinator: Angela Tellier. Office (vidu pa©on 11) administrator: Viv O’Dunne. Hon. librarian: Geoffrey King. Webmaster: Bill Walker. Editor of EAB Update: Geoffrey Sutton. Editor of La Brita Esperantisto: Paul Gubbins. Accountant & Independent Examiner: N. Brooks, Kingston Smith, 60 Goswell Road, London, EC1M 7AD. -
The English Wikipedia in Esperanto
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by DSpace at Tartu University Library WikiTrans: The English Wikipedia in Esperanto Eckhard Bick GrammarSoft ApS & University of Southern Denmark [email protected] Abstract: and as large as e.g. the Danish one, has only WikiTrans is a translation project and web portal for 140.000 articles, while the English Wikipedia with translated Wikipedias. Using the GrammarSoft's rule- its 3.4 million articles (or 2.345.000.000 words) is based GramTrans technology, we created a high-quality roughly 24 times as big. In addition, there is a English-Esperanto machine translation system, and used difference in article size1, with an average of 3.600 it to translate the entire English Wikipedia (ca. 3.000.000 letters (~ 600 words) for English and German, and a articles), at a speed of 17.000 articles a day. The translated articles are searchable both locally little over 1500 letters (~ 250 words) in Esperanto, (www.wikitrans.net) and in the original Esperanto translating into an even bigger factor of difference, Wikipedia, where we maintain a revision interface for 57, when focusing on content volume. In other users who wish to turn our translated articles into new words, more than 98% of the English language ”originals”. In this paper, we explain the framework and information is not accessible in Esperanto (or challenges of the project, and show how translation rules Danish). One could argue that the Esperanto articles can exploit grammatical information provided by a concentrate on the important and frequently sought- Constraint Grammar parser. -
Download the Program Booklet
Spaß an Sprachen ! Überall wo es Bücher gibt und auf AssimilWelt.com Learn. Speak. Smile. Learn 140+ languages on almost any device with uTalk Polyglot Gathering OOer* Get 70% oO when you subscribe for only €2.99 a month at utalk.com/polyglot *OOer valid until midnight, 3rd June 2018 Visit the website for full details Content 2 Content Content ......................................................................................................................2 Welcome ....................................................................................................................3 Opening speech ........................................................................................................4 Conference organizers .............................................................................................5 Timetable – Wednesday ........................................................................................11 Timetable – Thursday ............................................................................................12 Timetable – Friday .................................................................................................14 Timetable – Saturday .............................................................................................16 Timetable – Sunday ................................................................................................18 List of talks and speakers (1/2) .............................................................................20 Map of the venue ....................................................................................................42 -
Using Natural Language Generation to Bootstrap Missing Wikipedia Articles
Semantic Web 0 (0) 1 1 IOS Press 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 Using Natural Language Generation to 4 5 5 6 Bootstrap Missing Wikipedia Articles: 6 7 7 8 8 9 A Human-centric Perspective 9 10 10 * 11 Lucie-Aimée Kaffee , Pavlos Vougiouklis and Elena Simperl 11 12 School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, UK 12 13 E-mails: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 Abstract. Nowadays natural language generation (NLG) is used in everything from news reporting and chatbots to social media 18 18 management. Recent advances in machine learning have made it possible to train NLG systems that seek to achieve human- 19 19 level performance in text writing and summarisation. In this paper, we propose such a system in the context of Wikipedia and 20 evaluate it with Wikipedia readers and editors. Our solution builds upon the ArticlePlaceholder, a tool used in 14 under-resourced 20 21 Wikipedia language versions, which displays structured data from the Wikidata knowledge base on empty Wikipedia pages. 21 22 We train a neural network to generate a ’introductory sentence from the Wikidata triples shown by the ArticlePlaceholder, and 22 23 explore how Wikipedia users engage with it. The evaluation, which includes an automatic, a judgement-based, and a task-based 23 24 component, shows that the summary sentences score well in terms of perceived fluency and appropriateness for Wikipedia, and 24 25 can help editors bootstrap new articles. -
Clirmatrix: a Massively Large Collection of Bilingual and Multilingual Datasets for Cross-Lingual Information Retrieval
CLIRMatrix: A massively large collection of bilingual and multilingual datasets for Cross-Lingual Information Retrieval Shuo Sun Kevin Duh Johns Hopkins University Johns Hopkins University [email protected] [email protected] Abstract the same language, then employ a monolingual information retrieval (IR) engine to find relevant We present CLIRMatrix, a massively large col- lection of bilingual and multilingual datasets documents. for Cross-Lingual Information Retrieval ex- Recently, the research community has been ac- tracted automatically from Wikipedia. CLIR- tively looking at end-to-end solutions that tackle Matrix comprises (1) BI-139, a bilingual the CLIR task without the need to build MT sys- dataset of queries in one language matched tems. This line of work builds upon recent ad- with relevant documents in another language vances in Neural Information Retrieval in the mono- for 139×138=19,182 language pairs, and lingual setting, c.f. (Mitra and Craswell, 2018; (2) MULTI-8, a multilingual dataset of queries and documents jointly aligned in 8 different Craswell et al., 2020). There are proposals to di- languages. In total, we mined 49 million rectly train end-to-end neural retrieval models on unique queries and 34 billion (query, doc- CLIR datasets (Sasaki et al., 2018; Zhang et al., ument, label) triplets, making it the largest 2019) or MT bitext (Zbib et al., 2019; Jiang et al., and most comprehensive CLIR dataset to 2020). One can also exploit cross-lingual word em- date. This collection is intended to support beddings to train a CLIR model on disjoint mono- research in end-to-end neural information re- lingual corpora (Litschko et al., 2018). -
Esperanto As a Family Language
To appear in Fred Dervin (ed.). 2010. Lingua francas: La véhicularité linguistique pour vivre, travailler et étudier. Paris: L’Harmattan. Jouko Lindstedt (University of Helsinki) Eerant F Lgu Abstract. Esperanto was created to serve as a common second language in the world, but its present role as a vehicular language is confined to a rather small number of speakers who use it in their personal contacts and cultural activities, but seldom in their trades and professions. They form a kind of diasporic speech community with certain shared cultural values and symbols, original literature unknown outside the community, and frequent personal contacts at various meetings and on the Internet. Esperanto has also been used as a family language for about one hundred years, and there are perhaps one thousand first-language speakers. The paper presents an overview of the little-studied field of Esperanto as a native and family language and points out some methodological and factual problems in the few published studies. The major pitfalls of the study of native Esperanto are identified as follows: (i) concentrating on mixed marriages only; (ii) confusing the Esperanto speech community with the Esperanto movement; (iii) not knowing the language sufficiently; (iv) ignoring the subjects’ linguistic background, and (v) expecting a priori nativisation to bring about changes in the language. 1. I It is not uncommon that a vehicular language comes to be used as an everyday language in some families, even though it is native to neither parent. Besides such better-known examples as English, French or Russian, Esperanto presents a linguistically interesting case of such a language. -
Using Natural Language Generation to Bootstrap Missing Wikipedia Articles: a Human-Centric Perspective
Semantic Web -1 (2021) 1–30 1 DOI 10.3233/SW-210431 IOS Press Using natural language generation to bootstrap missing Wikipedia articles: A human-centric perspective Lucie-Aimée Kaffee a,*, Pavlos Vougiouklis b,** and Elena Simperl c a School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, UK E-mail: [email protected] b Huawei Technologies, UK E-mail: [email protected] c King’s College London, UK E-mail: [email protected] Editor: PhilippCimiano, UniversitätBielefeld,Germany Solicitedreviews: John Bateman, Bremen University,Germany;LeoWanner, PompeuFabraUniversity,Spain;Denny Vrandecic,Wikimedia Foundation, USA Abstract. Nowadays naturallanguage generation(NLG) is used ineverything fromnewsreportingand chatbotstosocialmedia management.Recentadvances in machinelearning have made it possibletotrain NLGsystems that seek to achieve human- levelperformance in text writingand summarisation. In this paper, we proposesucha system in thecontextofWikipedia and evaluate it withWikipediareadersand editors.Our solutionbuilds upon theArticlePlaceholder,atool used in 14 under-resourced Wikipedialanguageversions,which displays structured data fromtheWikidata knowledge base on emptyWikipedia pages. We traina neural networktogenerateanintroductory sentence fromtheWikidata triplesshown by theArticlePlaceholder, and explorehowWikipediausers engage with it. Theevaluation, whichincludesanautomatic,a judgement-based,andatask-based component,shows that thesummary sentences scorewellinterms of perceivedfluencyand appropriateness -
Interlinguistische Informationeninformationen Mitteilungsblatt Der Gesellschaft Für Interlinguistik E.V
InterlinguistischeInterlinguistische InformationenInformationen Mitteilungsblatt der Gesellschaft für Interlinguistik e.V. Beiheft 21 Berlin, November 2014 ISSN 1432-3567 Interlinguistik im 21. Jahrhundert Beiträge der 23. Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft für Interlinguistik e.V., 29. November – 01. Dezember 2013 in Berlin Herausgegeben von Cyril Brosch und Sabine Fiedler Berlin 2014 Über die Gesellschaft für Interlinguistik e.V. (GIL) Die GIL konzentriert ihre wissenschaftliche Arbeit vor allem auf Probleme der internationalen sprachlichen Kommunikation, der Plansprachenwissenschaft und der Esperantologie. Die Gesellschaft gibt das Bulletin ,,Interlinguistische Informationen“ (ISSN 1430-2888) heraus und informiert darin über die international und in Deutschland wichtigsten interlinguistischen/ esperantologischen Aktivitäten und Neuerscheinungen. Im Rahmen ihrer Jahreshauptversammlungen führt sie Fachveranstaltungen zu interlinguistischen Problemen durch und veröffentlicht die Akten und andere Materialien. Vorstand der GIL Vorsitzende: Prof. Dr. Sabine Fiedler stellv. Vorsitzender/Schatzmeister: PD Dr. Dr. Rudolf-Josef Fischer Mitglied: Dr. Cyril Brosch Mitglied: Dr. habil. Cornelia Mannewitz Mitglied: Prof. Dr. Velimir Piškorec Berlin 2014 Herausgegeben von der Gesellschaft für Interlinguistik e.V. (GIL) Institut für Anglistik Beethovenstr. 15, 04107 Leipzig [email protected] www.interlinguistik-gil.de © bei den Autoren der Beiträge ISSN: 1432-3567 Interlinguistik im 21. Jahrhundert Beiträge der 23. Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft für -
Ifi (09) 4/2019
1 vol. 3, no. 9 (4/2019) Published by the Center for Research and Documentation on Word Language Problems (CED) and the Esperantic Studies Foundation (ESF) Table of Contents 1. Message from the Editors ......................................................................................................................... 2 2. Recent publications: Books ....................................................................................................................... 2 3. Recent publications: Articles ..................................................................................................................... 4 4. Dissertations ............................................................................................................................................. 6 5. Obituary .................................................................................................................................................... 6 6. Coming events ........................................................................................................................................... 8 7. Research on Hector Hodler – and a question ........................................................................................... 9 8. Giuseppe Peano ...................................................................................................................................... 10 9. ILEI Meets ............................................................................................................................................... -
Iemn Esperanto Flag
Iemn esperanto flag Continue The last of the three characters I will cover in this series is la Esperanto-flag, the Esperanto flag. Since it is as much or less equally as ubiquitous as verda stelo, odds you have seen it before. It is a field of green, with a white spot in the upper left corner. The green star esperanto is located in the white region. The flag has been around quite a bit longer than the jubilea simbolo. An earlier version of the flag was seen back in 1893, when the Esperanto Club from northern France designed the flag for its own use. It resembled the flag we know today, but it had an E over the star. The version you've probably seen has been around since 1905, when the first Esperanto General Congress approved its use. I heard that, no coincidence, this first meeting took place in the same city the flag had come. I wonder why they approved the flag ...? It's a pretty cool design, anyway. Like the green star, the colors of the flag have some meaning attributed to them. It's fitting that the flag is so much then - the Esperantists hope a bunch! The white section stands for peace, as well as on the flags of many other nations. Even placing a star means something. There is a reading of the green star that claims to symbolize the earth, with each of its fingers representing the continent. Since the official proportions of the flag state that the star will always be inscribed enough space to see that the white surrounds the star, the flag always contains a symbol of peace shrouded in the color of the world.