CANADA ON GUARD:
Assessing the Immigration Security Threat of Iran, Venezuela and Cuba
Victoria L. Henderson, Joseph M. Humire and Fernando D. Menéndez
This policy report delves into an emerging threat to North American KEY POINTS: immigration security building on a ! Iran is collaborating with theme discussed on Parliament Hill in Venezuela and Cuba to exploit Ottawa on October 2012 and at the the seams in the Canadian immigration system. Albany Club, Toronto on November 2013 as part of the Center for a Secure ! From 2009 to 2011, Latin America was the largest prior Free Society’s (SFS) annual Future of embarkation region for North America Forum. improperly documented Iranians migrating to Canada who seek The SFS report highlights attempts to refugee status. violate Canada’s immigration system, ! Venezuelan authorities examines Venezuela’s role as a provided at least 173 passports, visas and other documentation “bridge” for Iranian covert access to to Islamist extremists seeking Canada, reviews the use of cultural to slip unnoticed into North exchange and other soft power America. strategies to win support for state ! Soft power solidarity networks sponsors of terrorism, and presents in Canada serve as a “Trojan preliminary policy recommendations for Horse” for Iran and ALBA to establish cover for spies, strengthening Canada’s immigration saboteurs and other nefarious and national security system. actors.
This report, in its entirety, can be found at www.securefreesociety.org
!"#$%&'()% SFS POLICY REPORT No. 1 – JUNE 2014
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Canada On Guard: Assessing the Immigration Security Threat of Iran, Venezuela and Cuba – 2
JUNE 2014 – CENTER FOR A SECURE FREE SOCIETY
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36-"#+(1+$ 3)$ +,&$ ())3)+(1'&$ 532&1$ >#(1$ :4$ '"/1+#3&)$ E(1(%($ 93+,$ 6"#&$ +,(1$ ,(0.$ (++&6-+315$ &1+#4$ "-&104$,")+30&$+"$.#&&%"6$(1%$%&6"'#('4=$ +,#"/5,$+,3)$#"/+&=$$ • >1$ HIAA*$ +,3)$ %#"--&%$ +"$ ($ 1"+$ 31)3513.3'(1+$ KH$ 8''"#%315$ +"$ ($ M/04$ HIAH$ %&'0())3.3&%$ 31+&0035&1'&$ -&#'&1+*$ -0('315$ 3+$ :&,31%$ <&)+$ L/#"-&$()$ #&-"#+$-#"%/'&%$:4$+,&$E(1(%($V"#%&#$@'&)$85&1'4$ +,&$ 1&G+$ -#&.&##&%$ -#3"#$ &6:(#B(+3"1$ -"31+$ ."#$ REV@8S*$ >#(1$ 3)$ +,&$ 1/6:&#$ "1&$ )"/#'&$ '"/1+#4$ ".$ _ >#(13(1)=$ 36-#"-$%"'/6&1+&%$635#(1+) $+"$E(1(%($9,"$6(B&$ • C9"$ ".$ +,&$ ."/#$ 6")+$ -#&2(0&1+$ '3+3&)$ /)&%$ ()$ '0(36)$ ."#$ #&./5&&$ )+(+/)=$ $ C,&$ 6(F"#3+4$ (',3&2&)$ )/',$ -#3"#$&6:(#B(+3"1$-"31+)$."#$>#(13(1)$635#(+315$ )+(+/)=$$P")+$".$+,&)&$635#(1+)$(##32&$:4$(3#$.#"6$+,3#%? 31+"$ E(1(%(*$ (#&$ P&G3'"$ E3+4*$ P&G3'"$ (1%$ -(#+4$ '"/1+#3&)$ R2$ .&9$ (##32&$ +,#"/5,$ 0(1%?:"#%&#$ AI E(#('()*$]&1&[/&0(= $$ '#"))315)S$ (1%$ )&&B$ #&)3%&1'&$ 31$ +,&$ T#&(+&#$ C"#"1+"$ • C,&$ %"'/6&1+$ ".$ ',"3'&$ ."#$ 6")+$ >#(13(1)$ 8#&($RTC8S*$%/&$+"$3+)$0(#5&$>#(13(1$%3()-"#($'"66/13+4=$$ &1+Ļ$E(1(%($9()$+,&$@-(13),$"#$]&1&[/&0(1$ @31'&$ HIIU*$ 131&+&&1$ RAJS$ ".$ +,&)&$ >#(13(1$ 1(+3"1(0)$ -())-"#+=$ 6(B315$ #&./5&&$ '0(36)$ 9&#&$ ."/1%$ 31(%63))3:0&$ +"$ E(1(%($ "1$ 1(+3"1(0$ )&'/#3+4$ 5#"/1%)*$ +,&$ 6(F"#3+4$ ".$ $ 9,"$9&#&$36-#"-$%"'/6&1+&%=U$
3 – Henderson, Humire and Menéndez
SFS POLICY REPORT No. 1 – JUNE 2014
Figure 1. Total Fraudulent Violations per Airport in LAC in 2011
San Salvador
San Jose
Panama City
Nassau
Caracas
Bogota
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Fraudulent Violations Claim by Iranians !
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Canada On Guard: Assessing the Immigration Security Threat of Iran, Venezuela and Cuba – 4
JUNE 2014 – CENTER FOR A SECURE FREE SOCIETY
-#"5#(6)$ %&)351&%$ +"$ )9(4$ +,&$ a,&(#+)$ (1%$ 631%)b$ ".$ Venezuela: Iran’s bridge ]&1&[/&0(^)$ -"-/0(#$ )&'+"#)$ +"9(#%)$ *+),'-.#*$ (00$ +,&$ to Canada 9,30&$+35,+&1315$#&)+#3'+3"1)$"1$'3230$03:&#+3&)=AN$$ 8+$ +,&$ '"#&$ ".$ E,f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f2&[$)"'3(0$ )',&6&)$ :&'(/)&$ ".$ +,&$ ,35,$ 0&2&0$ ".$ (''&-+(1'&$ RUN$ -#"5#(6)*$/'-'01234516'4)4$(0)"$,(%$($'"2&#+$-/#-")&=$$ -&#'&1+S$".$#&./5&&$'0(36)$6(%&$"1$:&,(0.$".$>#(13(1)=AK$ >1$HIIK*$($4&(#$(.+&#$E,f2&[$)/#232&%$($.(30&%$'"/-$%^h+(+Y$ 8)$6&1+3"1&%*$.#"6$HIIJ$+"$HIAA*$Z(+31$86'($9()$ ,&$0(/1',&%$/'-'01234516'4)42(1%$366&%3(+&04$()B&%$,3)$ +,&$0(#5&)+$-#3"#$&6:(#B(+3"1$#&53"1$ E/:(1$ :&1&.('+"#)$ ."#$ ,&0-=$$ ."#$36-#"-$%"'/6&1+&%$>#(13(1)$ Regional intelligence W&(%315$ +,3)$ &.."#+$ 9()$ +,&$ 635#(+315$ +"$ E(1(%($ 9,"$ )&&B$ officials estimate that at 31.(6"/)$ E/:(1$ *#.)14)165$ #&./5&&$ )+(+/)=$ $ 8''"#%315$ +"$ +,&$ O(63#"$ ](0%h)*$ .3#)+$ ',3&.$ ".$ EV@8$ P3(63$ Z3(3)"1$ D13+*$ +,&$ least 173 individuals 31+&0035&1'&$ ."#$ E/:(^)$ T?H$ (1%$ ($ 6(F"#3+4$ -())&%$ +,#"/5,$ E(#('()*$ from the Middle East ."#6&#$P313)+&#$".$>1+"#$RP>7>7CS=$$ ]&1&[/&0(=$ ;..3'3(0)$ 31%3'(+&%$ +,(+$ *#.)14)165$](0%h)$ #&'#/3+&%$ M")h$ (3#-"#+$(1%$(3#031&$)+(..$31$E(#('()$ were provided Z(2(1%&#"$ T(#'i(*$ ]3'&$ E,(1'&00"#$ (#&$36-03'(+&%$31$-#"23%315$ passports and national ".$ +,&$ D132&#)3+4$ ".$ >1."#6(+3"1$ .#(/%/0&1+$ %"'/6&1+(+3"1$ +"$ @'3&1'&$ R71',5"-'4)42 452 *'51(')-2 #&'&1+04$ (##32&%$ >#(13(1)$ 31$ ID cards in Venezuela 318#".96'()-jDE>S*$ ($ )+(+&$ ]&1&[/&0(=$ $ >1$ HIAA*$ (+$ 0&()+$ Nc$ from the period of /132&#)3+4$+,(+$#&-"#+)$+"$+,&$E/:(1$ P313)+#4$ ".$ >1."#6(+3"1$ (1%$ -&#'&1+$ ".$ +,&$ .#(/%/0&1+$23"0(+3"1)$ April 2008 to 31$ E(#('()$ 312"02&%$ >#(13(1)$ 6(B315$ E"66/13'(+3"1)*$ 0&%$ :4$ O(63#"$ AU #&./5&&$'0(36)$+"$'"6&$+"$E(1(%(=$$ November 2012. ](0%h)= $ 8''"#%315$+"$@&:()+3(1$O"+&00(*$(1$ V()&%$ 31$]&1&[/&0($)31'&$HIIA*$ (9(#%?9311315$ ."#&351$ '"##&)-"1%&1+$ (1%$ )&13"#$ Z(2(1%&#"$ T(#'i($ X/3'B04$ %#(.+&%$ ($ HAU?-(5&$ -#"-")(0$ /1%&#$ +,&$ (/)-3'&)$ ".$ 80:&+$ L1531&Ļ$ (1%$ @4)+&6)*$ 312&)+35(+32&$ #&-"#+&#$ (+$ !"#!$%&'()*$ ($ F"31+$ 31+&0035&1'&$ -#"5#(6$ 3)$ 31$ -0('&$ :&+9&&1$ ]&1&[/&0($ (1%$ >#(1$ +,(+$ >1'=*$ ($ E/:(1$ )+(+&?"91&%$ .3#6$ +,(+$ ,()$ :&'"6&$ ($ -#"23%&)$ )4)+&6(+3'$ )6/550315$ ".$ (#6)*$ "-&#(+32&)$ (1%$ -#36(#4$ )".+9(#&$ %&2&0"-&#$ ."#$ +,&$ ]&1&[/&0(1$ '(),$ :&+9&&1$ >#(1$ (1%$ Z(+31$ 86'(=A`$$$C,3)$#&'&1+$ 5"2&1+=$ $ 8.+&#$ ."/#$ #&23)3"1)*$ W/5"$ E,f2&[$ (1%$ -,&1"6&1($3)$1"+$($)36-0&$('+$".$1&5035&1'&$"1$+,&$-(#+$ O(63#"$ ](0%h)$ (--#"2&%$ +,&$ -0(1$ 31$ HII`$ (1%$ P#=$ ".$ ]&1&[/&0(1$ (/+,"#3+3&)*$ :/+$ #(+,&#$ (1$ "#',&)+#(+&%$ Z(2(1%&#"$ T(#'i($ :&5(1$ "2&#,(/0315$ +,&$ 31."#6(+3"1$ )',&6&$ +,(+$ :&5(1$ 31$&(#1&)+$9,&1$+,&$0(+&$Q#&)3%&1+$ )4)+&6)$ ".$ +,&$ ]&1&[/&0(1$ -())-"#+$ (1%$ 1(+/#(03[(+3"1$ W/5"$E,f2&[$'(6&$+"$-"9&#$31$]&1&[/&0($31$AJJU=Ac$ (5&1'4*$."#6$B1"91$()$;7>kLl$R:8'('1)2;)('#1)&2452 34516'8'()('012<2=>6")1?5"@)S=AJ$ Cuba enhancing Venezuela’s <,30&$ +,&$ E/:(1)$ 9"#B&%$ "1$ +,&$ +&',13'(0$ ()-&'+$ ".$ immigration system /'-'012 34516'4)4*$ E,f2&[$ #&03&%$ "1$ ($ 5#"/-$ ".$ 4"/15$ ()-3#315$ -"03+3'3(1)$ .#"6$ +,&$ )"'3(03)+$ )+/%&1+$ 5#"/-$ C,#"/5,"/+$W/5"$E,f2&[^)$A`?4&(#$+&1/#&$31$]&1&[/&0(*$ aD+"-3($ _Ub$ :()&%$ "/+$ ".$ +,&$ 71',5"-'4)42 452 &#-2 A145-$ +,&$ 0(+&$ (/+"'#(+3'$ Q#&)3%&1+$ :&'(6&$ B1"91$ ."#$ ,3)$ RDZ8S$ 31$ Ph#3%(*$ ]&1&[/&0($ +"$ F"31$ +,3)$ V"032(#3(1$ HI 31.(6"/)$V"032(#3(1$63))3"1)=$$7(6&%$."#$@36g1$V"032(#*$ 63))3"1$(1%$9"#B$(0"15)3%&$+,&$E/:(1)= $$>1$HIIc*$"1'&$ 9,"$ -0(4&%$ ($ B&4$ #"0&$ 31$ 1"#+,$ @"/+,$ 86'(^)$ +,&$-#"+"+4-&$)4)+&6$9()$'"6-0&+&*$+,&$313+3(0$6(1(5&#)$ 31%&-&1%&1'&$ .#"6$ @-(31*$ +,&)&$ 63))3"1)$ (#&$ )"'3(0$
5 – Henderson, Humire and Menéndez
SFS POLICY REPORT No. 1 – JUNE 2014
".$;7>kLl$36-0&6&1+315$+,3)$1&9$)4)+&6$9&#&$)&0&'+&%$ 83)(663$ (0)"$ /)&%$ ,3)$ '0")&$ #&0(+3"1),3-$ 93+,$ W/5"$ .#"6$+,3)$5#"/-=$ E,f2&[*$ (1%$ 6"#&$ )-&'3.3'(004$ E,f2&[^)$ "0%&#$ :#"+,&#*$ W/5"$E(:&[()*$+,&$'/##&1+$T"2"#$".$C#/F300"$)+(+&$31$ 8%f1*$+"$&)+(:03),$($-"03+3'(0$'(#&&#$+,(+$:&5(1$31$HIIH$ ]&1&[/&0(*$9,"$,(%$0"15?)+(1%315$+3&)$+"$W/5"$E,f2&[$ 93+,$ )+31+)$ ()$ ($ Q@D]$ $ R!)"6'4#2 B#(')&'-6)2 71'4#2 452 %(+315$:('B$+"$+,&$63%?AJJI)*$9()$+,&$"#3531(0$%3#&'+"#$ F515G$5&)$ o$]&1&[/&0(1$D13+&%$@"'3(03)+$Q(#+4S$ 5&1&#(0$ ".$ ;7>kLl$ 31$ HIIK=$ E(:&[()$ 0&%$ ($ +&(6$ ".$ '"15#&))6(1$ ."#$ ,3)$ ,"6&$ )+(+&$ ".$ Ph#3%(=$ $ W&$ (0)"$ ,(1%-3'B&%$ 31%323%/(0)$ 9,"$ "2&#)(9$ ;7>kLl^)$ )&%$()$+,&$k&-/+4$P313)+&#$".$Q/:03'$@(.&+4*$-#3"#$+"$ :/#&(/'#(+3'$(1%$-"03+3'(0$+#(1)3+3"1$+"$9,(+$3)$1"9$'(00&%$ :&'"6315$+,&$P313)+&#$".$>1+"#$(1%$M/)+3'&$.#"6$HII_$ @8>PL$ RB5",'('#2 A4.'1'-6")6',#2 452 34516'8'()('01C2 +"$HIAH=$ /'D")('012<2=>6")1?5"@)S=$$@8>PL$,()$:&&1$31$&..&'+$)31'&$ Z3B&$W/5"$E(:&[()*$C(#&'B$L0$83))(63$9()$-(#+$".$+,&$ HIIJ$(1%$9()$313+3(004$6(1(5&%$:4$k(1+&$O32()$m/3F(%(*$ aD+"-3($_Ub$)+/%&1+$6"2&6&1+$.#"6$+,&$71',5"-'4)42452 ($%3#&'+$%3)'3-0&$".$W/5"$E(:&[()$(1%$'0")&$'"1.3%(1+$".$ &#-2 A145-2 31$ Ph#3%(*$ (1%$ 31$ HIIK$ 9"#B&%$ (0"15)3%&$ +,&$E/:(1$#&536&=$$k&)351&%$(1%$36-0&6&1+&%$:4$E/:(*$ E(:&[()$ 31$ +,&$ /'-'012 34516'6)42 -#"5#(6=$ $ L0$ 83))(63^)$ @8>PL$ ,()$ ."/#$ +36&)$ +,&$ '(-('3+4$ ".$ +,&$ -#&23"/)$ #"0&*$ ,"9&2&#*$ 9()$ ."'/)&%$ "1$ /)315$ ,3)$ .(6304^)$ )4)+&6=$ $ >+$ ,()$ +,&$ '(-(:303+4$ ".$ )+"#315$ :3"6&+#3'$ %(+($ '"11&'+3"1)$ (1%$ -#"G363+4$ +"$ ]&1&[/&0(^)$ -"03+3'(0$ (1%$ 6/',$ 6"#&$ )"-,3)+3'(+&%$ 31."#6(+3"1$ )&'/#3+4$ -"9&#$ +"$ :/30%$ :#3%5&)$ 93+,$ >)0(63'$ '"/1+#3&)$31$+,&$ -#"+"'"0)=$$ P3%%0&$L()+=$ V&,"0%&1$ +"$ +,&$ E/:(1$ #&536&$ (1%$6(1(5&%$:4$ ]&1&[/&0(1)$ )46-(+,&+3'$ +"$ +,&$ #&2"0/+3"1*$ /'-'012 314516'4)4^)$36635#(+3"1$)4)+&6$.('303+(+&)$+,&$&1+#4$".$ E/:(1$ (5&1+)$ 31+"$ ]&1&[/&0(*$ &6:&%%315$ +,&6)&02&)$ 31+"$2(#3"/)$.('&+)$".$+,&$]&1&[/&0(1$)"'3(0$63))3"1)$(1%$ 1(+3"1(0$ )&'/#3+4$ (--(#(+/)=$ $8)3%&$.#"6$E/:(1)*$+,3)$ 5#"/-$ (0)"$ /)&%$ @8>PL$ +"$ .('303+(+&$ +,&$ +#(2&0$ ".$ k#/5$ C#(..3'B315$;#5(13[(+3"1)$RkC;)S*$E"0"6:3(1$5/&##300()*$ (1%$ >)0(63)+$ +&##"#3)+)=$ C,3)$ ,()$ :&&1$ %"1&$ :4$ ]&1&[/&0(^)$ C(#&'B$ L0?83))(63*$ ($ B&4$ (004$ ".$ >#(1*$ @4#3($ ! (1%$W&[:"00(,=$$ "#$%!&'()!)$!#*+,)-!($#%'#!.'/'01'&2/!.*3'!4#'5*6'/)!7$58! Iran, Syria and Hezbollah’s man in .*3'/)'! 92/+'&:! ($#%'#! ;/)'#*$#! <*/*5)'#! 2/6! 31##'/)! Mérida =$>'#/$#! $(! ?#2+12! 5)2)'!@2#'3A!B&!?*552%*:!2/6!),'! 31##'/)!4#'5*6'/)!2/6!($#%'#!"$#'*+/!<*/*5)'#!$(!.'/'01'&2! C(#&'B$ n(3%(1$ L0$ 83))(63$ P(%%(,$ 3)$ ($ KJ?4&(#?"0%$ C*3$&D5! <261#$:! 2)! ),'! ;E#2,*%! ?&F;E#2,*%! <$5G1'! */! ]&1&[/&0(1$ -"03+3'3(1*$ 9,"$ 9()$ :"#1$ 31+"$ ($ 9&(0+,4*$ H2#2325!$/!72/12#I!J:!KLLMN$ /--&#$ 63%%0&$ '0())$ .(6304$ ".$ Z&:(1&)&$ (1%$ @4#3(1$ ;2&#$ +,&$ 4&(#)*$ C(#&'B$ L0$ 83))(63$ %&2&0"-&%$ ($ %&)'&1+$ 31$ +,&$ +"91$ ".$ L0$ ]35i(*$ 31$ +,&$ )+(+&$ ".$ Ph#3%(*$ )"-,3)+3'(+&%*$ 6/0+3?0(4&#&%$ .31(1'3(0$ 1&+9"#B$ +,(+$ ]&1&[/&0(=$ $ W&$ 9()$ :#"/5,+$ /-$ 93+,$ ($ #(%3'(0$ 3%&"0"54$ ./1'+3"1)$()$($'#3631(0?+&##"#3)+$-3-&031&$:#315315$6303+(1+$ .#"6$ (1$ &(#04$ (5&$ ()$ ,3)$ .(+,&#*$ n(3%(1$ L0$ 8631$ L0$ >)0(63)+)$31+"$]&1&[/&0($(1%$)/##"/1%315$'"/1+#3&)*$(1%$ 83))(63$ R(B($ E(#0")$ n(3%(1S*$ 3)$ (1$ (#%&1+$ )/--"#+&#$ ".$ )&1%315$ 3003'3+$ ./1%)$ .#"6$ Z(+31$ 86'($ +"$ +,&$ P3%%0&$ >)0(63'$E'+)4$R"#$+,&$W"04$<(#S$(1%$6(31+(31)$)+#"15$+3&)$ L()+=$ $ W3)$ 1&+9"#B$ '"1)3)+)$ ".$ '0")&$ +"$ `I$ .#"1+$ +"$ >[[(+$ >:#(,36$ (0?k"/#3*$ (1$ >#(X3$ 6303+(#4$ '"66(1%&#$ '"6-(13&)$ +,(+$ "91$ "2&#$ HI$ -#"-&#+3&)$ 93+,$ '(),*$ (1%$0&(%&#$".$+,&$)"?'(00&%$a>#(X3$O&)3)+(1'&=b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Ļ$1&+9"#B $+,(+$
Canada On Guard: Assessing the Immigration Security Threat of Iran, Venezuela and Cuba – 6
JUNE 2014 – CENTER FOR A SECURE FREE SOCIETY
/)&%$+,&$Z&:(1&)&$E(1(%3(1$V(1B$+"$0(/1%&#$,/1%#&%)$ ".$ +,&$ 5"2&1+)$ ".$ ]&1&[/&0($ (1%$ E/:(=$ $ C(#&'B$ L0$ ".$ 63003"1)$ ".$ %"00(#)$ (1%$ 6"2&$ 6/0+3?+"1$ ),3-6&1+)$ ".$ 83))(63^)$ -32"+(0$ #"0&$ 31$ -#"23%315$ 0&53+36(+&$ -())-"#+)$ '"'(31&$ "1$ :&,(0.$ ".$ E"0"6:3(1$ (1%$ P&G3'(1$ %#/5$ (1%$ "+,&#$ %"'/6&1+(+3"1$ +"$ ,")+30&$ ."#'&)$ .#"6$ +#(..3'B315$"#5(13[(+3"1)$RkC;)S=H`$ +,#"/5,"/+$ +,&$ P3%%0&$ L()+$ ),"/0%$ :&$ ".$ /+6")+$ L0$ 83))(63^)$ #"0&$ 31$ +,3)$ 0(#5&#$ 6"1&4?0(/1%Ļ$ 36-"#+(1'&$ +"$ 1(+3"1(0$ )&'/#3+4$ "..3'3(0)$ 31$ 7"#+,$ 1&+9"#B$ 9()$ +"$ /)&$ ,3)$ -")3+3"1$ ()$ +,&$ ]&1&[/&0(1$ 86'(=$$;.$&X/(0$'"1'*$,"9&2&#*$3)$+,(+$6&6:&#)$".$ P313)+&#$".$>1+"#$(1%$M/)+3'&*$93+,$%3#&'+$"2&#)35,+$"2&#$ '3230$ )"'3&+4$ 5#"/-)$ 31$ E(1(%($ 6(4$ :&$ #&'#/3+&%$ o$ @8>PL*$ +"$ .('303+(+&$ -())-"#+)*$ 23)()$ (1%$ "+,&#$ B1"931504$ "#$ /1B1"931504$ o$+"$-#"23%&$ '"2&#$ ."#$ +,&)&$ %"'/6&1+(+3"1$+"$6&6:&#)$".$Z&:(1&)&$W&[:"00(,*$+,&$ ('+323+3&)=$ >#(13(1$ O&2"0/+3"1(#4$ T/(#%)*$ (1%$ "+,&#$ >)0(63)+$ $ 6303+(1+)$ .#"6$ +,&$ P3%%0&$ L()+=$ $ >1$ (%%3+3"1*$ C(#&'B$ L0$ 83))(63$ &)+(:03),&%$ ($ '"/#3&#$1&+9"#B$6(1(5&%$"/+$".$ +,&$]&1&[/&0(1$'"1)/0(+&$31$866(1*$M"#%(1*$+,#"/5,$($ '0")&$.#3&1%$W/)(6$80$83))(63=Hc$$ O&53"1(0$ 31+&0035&1'&$ "..3'3(0)$ &)+36(+&$ +,(+$ (+$ 0&()+$ A_K$ 31%323%/(0)$ .#"6$ +,&$ P3%%0&$ L()+$ 9&#&$ -#"23%&%$ -())-"#+)$(1%$1(+3"1(0$>k$'(#%)$31$]&1&[/&0($%/#315$+,&$ -"%$".$8-#30$HIIU$+"$7"2&6:&#$HIAH*$"2�(--315$+,&$ +&1/#&$ ".$ C(#&'B$ L0$ 83))(63=$ $ ;.$ +,&$ 6"#&$ 1"+(:0&$ -&#)"1)$ ".$ 31+&#&)+$ 9()$ +,&$ @/0&36(1$ T,(13$ 8:%/0$ <(B&%*$+,&$#35,+$,(1%$6(1$".$W())(1$7()#(00(,*$0&(%&#$ HN ".$ Z&:(1&)&$W&[:"00(,= $$8)$9&00$()$P/1+,&#$p('"/:*$ $ 9,"$ 9()$ (##&)+&%$ 31$ E(1(%($ 31$ HII`$ "1$ ',(#5&)$ ".$ ! '"1+#(:(1%$)6/550315$+"$>#(X$(1%$"+,&#$'"/1+#3&)$31$+,&$ OP<$#'!),2/!%I!%*55*$/!25!<*/*5)'#!Q$(!;/)'#*$#!2/6! P3%%0&$L()+=H_$$ 715)*3'R:!;!2%!),'!5$/!$(!?#2E5:!;!2%!42&'5)*/*2/:!;!2%!;#2G*! 2/6!)$62I!S'!2#'!),'!($#3'!$(!#'5*5)2/3'P!$1#!T$&*>2#*2/! E"1)3%Ļ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
7 – Henderson, Humire and Menéndez
SFS POLICY REPORT No. 1 – JUNE 2014
+#(%&$ :/+$ (0)"$ )"'3(0*$ -"03+3'(0*$ (1%$ '/0+/#(0$ 3))/&)=$ $ V4$ Cultural exchange: Iran k&'&6:&#$".$HIIA*$(.+&#$,(2315$%&'0(#&%$]&1&[/&0($(1%$ and ALBA’s ‘Trojan Horse’ E/:($ +"$ :&$ q"1&$ +&(6*^KK$E,f2&[$(#+3'/0(+&%$ (1$ 31+(+3"1(0$ 23)3"1$ ."#$ 8ZV8*$ +,&$ 31)+3+/+3"1(0$ >1$ HII`*$ ]&1&[/&0($ (1%$ E/:($ '#&(+&%$ +,&$ V"032(#3(1$ .#(6&9"#B$ ."#$ 9,3',$ 9()$ '"%3.3&%$ 31$ HII`*$ 93+,$ K`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e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o$>E8QS=$$ ".$)/--"#+$(6"15$)+/%&1+)*$9,"$(#&*$31$+/#1*$&G-")&%$+"$ L(',$".$+,&)&$313+3(+32&)$3)$%3)'/))&%$31$+/#1*$."00"9&%$:4$ 0315/3)+3'$(1%$'/0+/#(0$-#"F&'+)$%&)351&%$+"$#&31."#'&$(1+3? ($ :#3&.$ &G(631(+3"1$ ".$+,&$-(#(00&0)$:&+9&&1$+,&$)".+$ 86'(1$ )&1+36&1+Y$ (1%$ #&'#/3+315$ ,35,?-#".30&$ -"9&#$ )+#(+&53&)$ ".$ +,&$ V"032(#3(1$ 8003(1'&$ (1%$ +,&$ -#".&))3"1(0)$ R&=5=*$ )',"0(#)*$ %"'+"#)*$ -"03+3'3(1)S$ 9,"$ >#(13(1$#&536&=$ '(1$ )&$ ()$ &',"$ ',(6:&#)$ 31$ %&.&1)&$ ".$ ($ ."#&351$ Bolivarian Circles in Canada$ #&536&=$$ C,&$."00"9315$#&23&9$".$+,&$6":303[(+3"1$".$E(1(%3(1$ >1$ HIIA*$ +,&$ ]&1&[/&0(1$ 5"2&1+$ ."#6(03[&%$ +,&$ 5#"/-)$31$)"03%(#3+4$93+,$+,&$V"032(#3(1$8003(1'&$."'/)&)$ '#&(+3"1$ ".$ V"032(#3(1$ E3#'0&)e$ )6(00*$ )+(+&?)(1'+3"1&%$ )-&'3.3'(004$"1$+,&$1&+9"#B$+,&)&$5#"/-)$,(2&$:/30+$93+,$ '"66/13+4$ 5#"/-)$ %&)351&%$ +"$ )&$ ()$ +,&$ q-#31'3-0&$ KA +,&$."/1%315$6&6:&#)$".$8ZV8e$]&1&[/&0($(1%$E/:(= $$$ "#5(13[315$/13+$".$-"-/0(#$-"9&#=^Kc$$>13+3(004$'"1.31&%$+"$ !#"6$ ($ 1(+3"1(0$ )&'/#3+4$ -&#)-&'+32&*$ +,&)&$ )"03%(#3+4$ +,&$ %"6&)+3'$ '"1+&G+*$ V"032(#3(1$ E3#'0&)$ 9&#&$ X/3'B04$ 5#"/-)$),"/0%$:&$/1%&#)+""%$()$(1$&G+&1)3"1$".$+,&$)+(+&$ 31'"#-"#(+&%$ ()$ -(#+$ ".$ ($ :#"(%?:()&%$ '(6-(351$ +"$ -"9&#$".$."#&351$1(+3"1)$31$E(1(%(*$()$9&00$()$1"%&)$31$($ '&6&1+$ 31+(+3"1(0$ )"03%(#3+4$ ."#$ +,&$ ]&1&[/&0(1$ :#"(%&#*$ 31+&#?'"11&'+&%*$ +#(1)1(+3"1(0$1&+9"#B$+,(+$ #&536&$."00"9315$+,&$.(30&%$'"/-$%rh+(+$(5(31)+$E,f2&[$31$ '"6:31&)$)+(+&$(1%$1"1?)+(+&$('+"#)=$ HIIH=$ $ >1$ C"#"1+"*$ +,&$ V"032(#3(1$ E3#'0&$ qZ"/3)$ O3&0^$ 9()$ The synergies of solidarity &)+(:03),&%$31$HIIH*KN$."00"9&%$:4$+,&$]&1&[/&0($<&$8#&$ <3+,$p"/$R<8
Canada On Guard: Assessing the Immigration Security Threat of Iran, Venezuela and Cuba – 8
JUNE 2014 – CENTER FOR A SECURE FREE SOCIETY
$ Table 1. Bolivarian Circles in Canada42
Organization Founded Based out of Representative Z"/3)$O3&0$REVZOS$ HIIH$ C"#"1+"$ P(#i($Qf&[$%&$]i'+"#$ Ei#'/0"$V"032(#3(1"$".$ HIIH$ P"1+#&(0$ E(#0")$M=$Z&2&0$ P"1+#&(0$ ]&1&[/&0($<8
9 – Henderson, Humire and Menéndez
SFS POLICY REPORT No. 1 – JUNE 2014
The Canadian Network on Cuba$ '"1)/0(+&$ 31$ P"1+#&(0$ (1%$ :&5(1$ ),/++0315$ -(- "#B$ :('B$ (1%$ ."#+,$ +"$ +,&$ >#(13(1$ L6:())4$ 31$ E/:($ ."#$ @31'&$ AJJK*$ E(1(%3(1$ )"03%(#3+4$ 5#"/-)$ ,(2&$ 9"#B&%$ -#"'&))315=NA$ %3#&'+04$ 93+,$ +,&$ E/:(1$ 5"2&1+^)$ >1)+3+/+&$ ."#$ @3630(#$+"$+,&$9(4$31$9,3',$E(1(%(^)$V"032(#3(1$E3#'0&)$ cK !#3&1%),3-$ 93+,$ +,&$ Q&"-0&)$ R>E8QS $+"$#&'#/3+$ (#&$ )(1'+3"1&%$ :4*$ (1%$ -0&%5&%$ +"$ )/--"#+*$ +,&$ -(#+3'3-(1+)$."#$2"0/1+&&#$9"#Bt)+/%4$:#35(%&)$%&)351&%$ ]&1&[/&0(1$ 5"2&1+*$ +,&$ E(1(%3(1$ 7&+9"#B$ "1$ +"$ )&1)3+3[&$ E(1(%3(1)$ +"$ +,&$ E/:(1$ #&2"0/+3"1(#4$ E/:(*$+,#"/5,$3+)$#&0(+3"1)$93+,$>E8Q*$6(4$:&$)&&1$()$(1$ -#"F&'+$ 9,30&$ +&(',315$ +,&6$ ,"9$ +"$ %(1'&$ )(0)($ (1%$ &G+&1)3"1$".$+,&$E/:(1$)+(+&=$$>1$(%%3+3"1$+"$"#5(13[315$ )-&(B$@-(13),=$$D132&#)3+4$(5#&&6&1+)$:&+9&&1$E(1(%($ (1%$)/-)315$E(1(%3(1$9"#Bt)+/%4$:#35(%&)$+"$E/:(*$ (1%$ E/:(*$ F"31+04$ '""#%31(+&%$ >E8Q$ ,()$ :&&1$ 031B&%$ +"$ +,&$ 93+,$>E8Q*$%(+&$:('B$+"$(+$0&()+$ Less than a year after Canada >1+&0035&1'&$ k3#&'+"#(+&$ AJJN=$$ RM'"5(('0124523165&'D51(')S$".$+,&$ >1$ HIIH*$ +,&$ 6")+$ ('+32&$ shuttered the Iranian E/:(1$T?H=NH$$C,&$'0")&$(003(1'&$ E/:(1$ )"03%(#3+4$ 5#"/-)$ 31$ embassy in Ottawa, the :&+9&&1$+,&$E/:(1$5"2&1+$ E(1(%($ 9&#&$ '&1+#(03[&%$ /1%&#$ (1%$ +,&$ E7E$ ,()$ '(/)&%$ )"6&$ +,&$ :(11&#$ ".$ +,&$ E(1(%3(1$ Iranian regime opened an 6&6:&#)$".$+,&$E/:(1$%3()-"#($ 7&+9"#B$ "1$ E/:($ RE7ES*$ (1$ “unofficial” consulate in 31$E(1(%($+"$0363+$+,&3#$'#3+3'3)6$ /6:#&00($ "#5(13[(+3"1$ +,(+$ ".$ +,&$ E/:(1$ #&536&*$ &',"315$ c` /13+&)$ HK$ 6&6:&#$ 5#"/-)* $ Montreal and began shuttling '"1')$ #(3)&%$ :4$ 6&6:&#)$ ".$ 31'0/%315$ 6/0+3-0&$ E/:($ paperwork back and forth to +,&$ >#(13(1$ %3()-"#($ 31$ q.#3&1%),3-^$ ',(-+&#)*$ &G-(+$ the Iranian embassy in Cuba 31+&9)$ 93+,$312&)+35(+32&$ ())"'3(+3"1)*$ #&53)+&#&%$ -"03+3'(0$ F"/#1(03)+$ P3',(&0$ Q&+#"/$ ".$ -(#+3&)*$ ($ -/:03'?)&'+"#$ /13"1*$ for processing. /)(&5)1N-$6(5([31&=NK$$ (1%$ ($ +#(2&0$ '"6-(14$ $
)-&'3(03[315$ 31$ '/0+/#(0$ (1%$ &%/'(+3"1(0$ +"/#)$ +"$ E/:($ Iran’s intrusion in Canada )3630(#$ +"$ +,")&$ "#5(13[&%$ :4$ @"03%(#3+4$ 93+,$ $ cc ]&1&[/&0(= $C,&$E7E*$9,3',$)&1+$3+)$0(#5&)+?&2&#$ >1$ ,3)$ 312&)+35(+3"1$ ".$ >#(1^)$ 31.0/&1'&$ 31$ E(1(%(*$ cN E(1(%3(1$ 9"#Bt)+/%4$ :#35(%&$ +"$ E/:($ 31$ HIAH* $3)$ /)(&5)1N-$Q&+#"/N`$%#(9)$(++&1+3"1$+"$+,&$)".+$-"9&#$ %3#&'+04$)/--"#+&%$:4$>E8Q=$ )+#(+&53&)$ ".$ +,&$ >#(13(1$ #&536&=$ $ @-&'3.3'(004*$ Q&+#"/^)$ @"6&$ E7E$ 6&6:&#)$ (#&$ +,&6)&02&)$ '"(03+3"1)*$ )/',$ #&)&(#',$ %"'/6&1+)$ >#(1^)$ ,/:?(1%?)-"B&$ )+#(+&54$ ".$ ()$ +,&$ m/&:&'?E/:($ @"03%(#3+4$ O"/1%+(:0&$ RI)%&52 452 .31(1'315$(1%$)/--"#+315$'/0+/#(0$())"'3(+3"1)*$('(%&63'$ c_ (#1(5"6)6'#12 452 -#&'4)"'6J2 K$J%5(L*$%)jCE@mES* $(0)"$ 2&1/&)*$(1%$)"03%(#3+4$5#"/-)$+,(+$,(2&$:&&1$%&)351&%$+"$ ."/1%&%$ 31$ HIIH=$ $ C,&$ CE@m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cU 1"+(:04$ +,&$ C"#"1+"$ !"#/6$ "1$ E/:(* $9,3',$(0)"$ &6:())4$9&#&$%3)'0")&%$"1$+,&$'&1+&#^)$9&:)3+&=$$<,30&$ &1%"#)&)$ +,&$ q@"03%(#3+4$ 93+,$ >#(1^$ R@>S$ '(6-(351=$ $ C,&$ +,&$'&1+&#$9()$"..3'3(004$%&%3'(+&%$+"$#&)&(#',$(1%$)+/%4*$ W"/)&$ ".$ Z(+31$ 86'($ RW;Z8S*$ ($ C&,#(1?:()&%$ 3+$ -#"23%&%$ 1"$ &23%&1'&$ ".$ ,(2315$ ,&0%$ ('(%&63'$ "#5(13[(+3"1$ ."/1%&%$ 31$ HIAI$ (1%$ )/--"#+&%$ :4$ E/:(*$ 9"#B),"-)$ "#$ )&631(#)=$ $ >+$ 9()$ B1"91$ ."#$ #&5/0(#04$ cJ "#5(13[&)$+,&$@>$'(6-(351= $>+$3)$36-"#+(1+$+"$1"+&$+,(+$ '"1+('+315$ >#(13(1$ )+/%&1+$ 5#"/-)$ 93+,$ -#"63)&)$ ".$ 31$HIAK*!($4&(#$(.+&#$E(1(%($%&'0(#&%$>#(1$($)+(+&$)-"1)"#$ +/3+3"1$())3)+(1'&$(1%$./1%315$!(#)3$'0())&)$(1%$'/0+/#(0$ ".$ +&##"#3)6$ (1%$ ),/++&#&%$ +,&$ >#(13(1$ L6:())4$ 31$ &2&1+)=Nc$$$ ;++(9(*NI$+,&$>#(13(1$#&536&$"-&1&%$(1$q/1"..3'3(0^$
Canada On Guard: Assessing the Immigration Security Threat of Iran, Venezuela and Cuba – 10
JUNE 2014 – CENTER FOR A SECURE FREE SOCIETY
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t"#$ 1"1?-(#+3'3-(+315$ E(1(%3(1$ '"##&'+$q6&%3($03&)^= $$ )/--"#+&#)=$ $ @/',$ &G',(15&)$ (#&$ 6(#B&+&%$ ()$ (1$ >1$ HIAH*$ "104$ 6"1+,)$ :&."#&$ ;++(9($ "#%&#&%$ >#(13(1$ "--"#+/13+4$+"$5&+$+"$B1"9$+,&$a#&(0b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t"#$"#5(13[&%$:4$+,&)&$#&536&)=_A$$ +,&$ '/0+/#(0$ '&1+&#$ ".$ +,&$ >#(13(1$ L6:())4$ (1%$ +,&$ $ ! C,&$ +(#5&+315$ ".$ D$#1&//.#(,+/$R&=5=*$)',"0(#)*$ >#(13(1$E/0+/#(0$8))"'3(+3"1*$($)+/%&1+$5#"/-$(+$E(#0&+"1$ N_ %"'+"#)*$ -"03+3'3(1)S$ 9,"$ :&'"6&$ F,(,3.,($ +,(+$ 9()$ +,&1$ 0&%$ :4$ +,&$ )"1$ ".$ (1$ >#(13(1$ %3-0"6(+= $$ #D.(.#(! +&,3&$/$"1$X/&)+3"1)$'"1'ԣ$+,&$ C,&$&6:())4^)$W35,&#$L%/'(+3"1$8%23)"#4$)-"1)"#&%$+,&$ #&)-&'+32&$ #&536&)=$ $ D-,"0%315$ #&536&?.#3&1%04$ )&'"1%$ &2&1+*$ +,&$ >#(13(1$ @+/%&1+)$ E"12&1+3"1=$$ -")3+3"1)*$ +,&)&$ "-313"1$ 0&(%&#)$ (#&$ B1"91$ +"$ !"00"9315$+,&$-/:03'(+3"1$".$Q&+#"/^)$313+3(0$)+"#4$"1$+,&$ -(#+3'3-(+&$31$&2+,315$.#"6$6&%3($31+&1+3"1)$ &2&1+$ (1%$ +,&$ #&0&()&$ ".$ ($ 0&++&#$ :4$ >#(13(1?E(1(%3(1$ (1%$-(#03(6&1+(#4$+&)+36"14$+"$6"#&$)/:+0&$-")+? &G',(15&$a%&-")3+3"1)b=_H$ ('(%&63')$ &G-#&))315$ '"1'$ (:"/+$ 3+)$ -"03+3'(0$ $ 6"+32(+3"1)*$ +,&$ '"12&1+3"1$ 9()$ /1&G-&'+&%04$ ! C,&$ -#"23)3"1$ ".$ .31(1'3(0$ (1%t"#$ -"03+3'(0$ /*DD#$0! NU 0#! /#+.3,$.0;! B$#*D/$31$E(1(%(*$31'0/%315$+,&$ -")+-"1&%= $ "#5(13[(+3"1$ ".$ '/0+/#(0$ &2&1+)$ (1%$ )+#&&+$ $ _K -#"+&)+)= $$ $ Parallels in soft power strategies ! C,&$/*$E&.++,(5&$".$+,&$E(1(%3(1?:()&%$%3()-"#(=_`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q@"03%(#3+4$ 93+,$ >#(1^$ 31+(+3"1(0$ %&-0"4&%$+"$(%2(1'&$+,&$V"032(#3(1$(5&1%($31$E(1(%(=$ '(6-(351$6(%&$W(2(1($3+)$.3#)+$)+"-$31$HIAI*_c$(1%$6"#&$ <,30&$ .#(6&%$ 31$ +)$ ".$ ('(%&63'$ (1%$ '/0+/#(0$ #&'&1+04$E/:(^)$(6:())(%"#$31$C&,#(1$"/+031&%$($-"03'4$ &G',(15&*$ E(1(%(^)$ V"032(#3(1$ )"03%(#3+4$ 1&+9"#B)$ (#&$ .#(6&9"#B$ ."#$ 5#&(+&#$ 31+&5#(+3"1$ :&+9&&1$ >#(1$ (1%$ &1531&&#&%$ (1%$ &6-"9&#&%$ +"$ )&$ ()$ q+#/+,$ Z(+31$86'(=$_N$$ '"663))3"1)^$ 9"#B315$ 31$ (003(1'&$ 93+,$ +,&$ ]&1&[/&0(1$ (1%$ E/:(1$ 5"2&1+)=$ $ Q(#(00&0)$ 31$ +,&$ )".+$ -"9&#$ )+#(+&53&)$ ".$ +,&$ V"032(#3(1$ 8003(1'&$ (1%$ +,&$ >#(13(1$ #&536&$31'0/%&e$ $ $ $
11 – Henderson, Humire and Menéndez
SFS POLICY REPORT No. 1 – JUNE 2014
9,"$/)&%$2$)3630(#$)".+?-"9&#$)+#(+&53&)$+"$-0(1$(1%$ Policy Recommendations -#&-(#&$+,3)$"-&#(+3"1$"2&#$+,&$'"/#)&$".$($%&'(%&$-#3"#$ $ +"$ +,&$ ('+/(0$ (++('B=$ __$$P"#&$#&'&1+04*$9&$B1"9$+,(+$ C"%(4*$ E(1(%($ 3)$ ($ .()+$ 5#"9315$ 1(+3"1$ 93+,$ (1$ ]&1&[/&0($ ,()$ )-"1)"#&%$ )&631(#)$ %&%3'(+&%$ +"$ &G-(1%315$ &'"1"64*$ 9,3',$ ,()$ 0&%$ +"$ ($ )+#&(6031&%$ (1(04[315$+,&$-"+&1+3(0$."#$)"'3(03)+$#&2"0/+3"1$31$+,&$D@*$ )&)$ ".$ 36635#(+3"1$ #&."#6)$ +,(+$ :&++&#$ )&$ +,&$ (1%$ +,(+$ +,&)&$ )&631(#)$ ,(2&$ 31'0/%&%$ (1+3?@&63+3'$ ,/6(1$(1%$0(:"#$1&&%)$".$+,&$'"/1+#4=$$8$,35,?31'"6&*$ %3)'"/#)&=_U$ %&2&0"-&%$ '"/1+#4$ 93+,$ ($ -"-/0(+3"1$ ".$ F/)+$ "2&#$ Kc$ C,&)&$ )".+?-"9&#$ )+#(+&53&)$ 6(4$ -(2&$ +,&$ 9(4$ ."#$ 63003"1*$E(1(%(^)$-"+&1+3(0$#&6(31)$5#&(+=$ ./+/#&$ +&##"#3)+$ (++('B)=$ $ C,&$ '"6:31(+3"1$ ".$ ($ 7&2&#+,&0&))*$ E(1(%(^)$ #&0(+32&04$"-&1$36635#(+3"1$ )+#&(6031&%$36635#(+3"1$)4)+&6$(00"9315$($.#&&#$.0"9$".$ -"03'3&)$'"6:31&%$93+,$3+)$-"03'4$&G'&-+3"1(03)6$+"9(#%$ ,/6(1$ '(-3+(0$ 31+"$ E(1(%($ (1%$ +,&$ &G3)+&1'&$ ".$ )+(+&$ E/:($R23)?w?23)$+,&$D13+&%$@+(+&)S$o$(1%$E/:(^)$&G+&1%&%$ (1%$ 1"1?)+(+&$ ('+"#)$ 9,")&$ 31+&1+3"1)$(#&$,")+30&$(1%$ 31.0/&1'&$31$]&1&[/&0($o$-#&)&1+)$'&#+(31$2/01&#(:303+3&)=$$ (1+3+,&+3'(0$+"$E(1(%3(1$31+&#&)+)$6+$($-#/%&1+$#&23&9$ Z3B&$ >#(1*$ ]&1&[/&0($ (1%$ E/:($ &15(5&$ 31$ )".+$ -"9&#$ ".$('+/(0$(1%$-"+&1+3(0$.0(9)$31$(14$-"03'4$"#$)4)+&6$+,(+$ )+(+&'#(.+$31$E(1(%(=$$C,&$',(00&15&$3)$+"$%&'3-,&#$3.*$(1%$ '(1$/1%ɷ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e$ W&[:"00(,$ :"6:&%$ +,&$ 8P>8$ M&93),$ '/0+/#(0$ '&1+&#$ 31$ AJJ`*$B300315$($+"+(0$".$Uc$'32303(1)$(1%$31F/#315$,/1%#&%)$ 6"#&=$ 8''"#%315$ +"$ 8#5&1+31&$ (/+,"#3+3&)*$ +,3)$ (++('B$ 36-03'(+&%$ (+$ 0&()+$ )&2&1$ ,35,?#(1B315$ >#(13(1$ "..3'3(0)$
Canada On Guard: Assessing the Immigration Security Threat of Iran, Venezuela and Cuba – 12
JUNE 2014 – CENTER FOR A SECURE FREE SOCIETY
>1$HIAK*$+,&$W"/)&$".$E"66"1)$@+(1%315$E"663++&&$ "1$ E3+3[&1),3-$ (1%$ >6635#(+3"1$ '"6-0&+&%$ B6)14'1D2 POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS :12P$)"428#"2I+55Q2=1-$"'1D26+)62*)1)4)N-23..'D")6'#12 $ B<-65.2 '-2 B5($"5C2 ($ '"6-#&,&1)32&$ )&'/#3+4$ )+/%4$ GH C,&#&$ 6/)+$ :&$ ($ '#3+3'(0$ #&23&9$ :4$ +,&$ RS #&5(#%315$ +,&$ E(1(%3(1$ 36635#(+3"1$ )4)+&6= 22C,&$ E(1(%3(1$ 5"2&1+$ ".$ +,&$ 31.30+#(+3"1$ ".$ (1+(5"13)+3'$ ."#&351$ 5"2&1+)$ 31$ Z(+31$ )+/%4$ 3+&63[&%$ )&2&#(0$ #&'"66&1%(+3"1)$ +"$ -#"+&'+$ 86'($ (1%$ +,&$ E(#3::&(1$ RZ8ES$ (1%$ +,&$ E(1(%(^)$ 36635#(+3"1$ )4)+&6=$ $ ;.$ -(#+3'/0(#$ 1"+&$ +"$ -#"6/05(+3"1$ ".$ +,&3#$ (5&1%()$ +,#"/5,$ "/#$.31%315)$(#&e$ '/0+/#(0*$ ('(%&63'$ (1%$ "+,&#$ 6&(1)$ +,(+$ • O&'"66&1%(+3"1$AIe$EV@8$#&6"2315$.(30&%$ ),(-&$-/:03'$"-313"1$31$E(1(%(=$Q(#+3'/0(#04$ #&./5&&$'0(36(1+)$6"#&$X/3'B04=$ 93+,$ #&)-&'+$ +"$ +,&$ ."#&351$ 5"2&1+)$ • O&'"66&1%(+3"1)$AK?A_e$L1,(1'315$ (..303(+&%$ 93+,$ +,&$ 8ZV8$ :0"'*$ 1"+(:04$ 31+&0035&1'&$),(#315$(6"15)+$+,&$)'&)$93+,31$ ]&1&[/&0($(1%$E/:(=$ $ E(1(%(*$()$9&00$()$93+,$(003&%$'"/1+#3&)$(:#"(%=$$ =H E(1(%($ ),"/0%$ &1,(1'&$ ,/6(1$ 31+&0035&1'&$ • O&'"66&1%(+3"1$AJe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Ļ$ 6/)+$ )/--#&))$ .#&&%"6$ (1%$ 31%323%/(0$ 03:&#+4$ 31$ +,&3#$ "91$ :&$36-#"2&%$"1&$)+&-$(,&(%=$$$ $ '"/1+#3&)$".+&1$&G-0"3+$+,&$0&13&1'4$(1%$+"0&#(1'&$".$.#&&$ IH W"0%$ -/:03'$ (1%$ -#32(+&$ F"31+$ '"663++&&$ (1%$ "-&1$ )"'3&+3&)$ 31$ "#%&#$ +"$ /1%ɷ&$ #&)3)+(1'&$ +"$ ,&(#315)$ (6"15$ +,&$ @+(1%315$ E"663++&&)$ +,&3#$ (5&1%()=$ $ C,&)&$ #&536&)$ 9300$ /)&$ )&&631504$ "1$ E3+3[&1),3-$ (1%$ >6635#(+3"1*$ !"#&351$ 311"'/"/)$('+323+3&)*$"#5(13[(+3"1)$(1%$&2&1+)$+"$-#"23%&$ 8..(3#)$ (1%$ >1+(+3"1(0$ k&2&0"-6&1+$ R"#$ '"2&#$ (1%$ '"1'&(06&1+$ +"$ ('+/(0$ "#$ -"+&1+3(004$ ,")+30&$ C#(%&S*$(1%$7(+3"1(0$R@&'/#3+4$(1%S$k&.&1'&*$ :"+,$93+,31$+,&$E(1(%3(1$@&1(+&$(1%$W"/)&$ ('+"#)=$ ".$ E"66"1)=$ $ C,&)&$ F"31+$ '"663++&&$ k/#315$ <"#0%$ <(#$ >>*$ +,&$ '0())3'(0$ 03:&#(0$ &'"1"63)+$ ,&(#315)$ 93+,31$ +,&$ E(1(%3(1$ Q(#03(6&1+$ Z/%935$2"1$P3)&)*$ 0"15$ (1$ (%2"'(+&$ ".$ "-&1$ :"#%&#)*$ ),"/0%$ ."'/)$ "1$ ./#+,&#$ 312&)+35(+3"1$ ".$ 9(#1&%$ ,3)$ #&(%&#)e$ TA-2 (#14'6'#1-2 )"52 6#4)
13 – Henderson, Humire and Menéndez
SFS POLICY REPORT No. 1 – JUNE 2014
NOTES Z3(3)"1$;..3'&#)$(1%$($Z3(3)"1$8))3)+(1+=$$C,&#&$(#&$ANN$.035,+$#"/+&)$ .#"6$+,(+$+&##3+"#4$+"$E(1(%(*$."#$($+"+(0$".$cNK$9&&B04$.035,+)$ %/#315$,35,$)&()"1$R931+&#$6"1+,)S=$@&&$(:"2&*$1"+&$J=$ A $E(1(%($(1%$+,&$D=@=$#&(',&%$D@x_I_$:3003"1$31$+"+(0$36-"#+$(1%$ $ &G-"#+$".$5""%)$(1%$)'&)$31$HIAH*$6(B315$+,&6$+,&$9"#0%^)$ AH$@+&9(#+$V&00*$a!&(#)$.(0)&$>#(13(1$#&./5&&)$93+,$q)313)+&#$6"+32&)^$ 0(#5&)+$+#(%315$-(#+1&#)=$;..3'&$".$D=@=$C#(%&$O&-#&)&1+(+32&*$ 6(4$&1+&#$E(1(%($()$AJ$(#&$#&F&'+&%$"1$)&'/#3+4$5#"/1%)*b$C,&$ aE(1(%(*b$1=%=*$,++-ett999=/)+#=5"2t'"/1+#3&)? 7(+3"1(0$Q")+*$M/1&$H`*$HIAK*$ #&53"1)t(6'()t'(1(%($R(''&))&%$P(4$AU*$HIA`S=$ ,++-ett1&9)=1(+3"1(0-")+='"6tHIAKtINtH`t"..3'3(0)?9"##3&%? $ 3#(13(1)?93+,?)313)+&#?6"+32&)?6(4?&1+&#?'(1(%(?()? H$O&.&##315$)-&'3.3'(004$+"$+,&$HII`$P(%#3%$+#(31$:"6:315)$+,(+$ /1%"'/6&1+&%?#&./5&&)?#&-"#+t$R(''&))&%$P(#',$K*$HIA`S=$ B300&%$AJA$'32303(1)*$(1%$+,&$HIIc$Z"1%"1$:"6:315)$".$+,&$-/:03'$ $ +#(1)-"#+$)4)+&6*$B300315$cH$'32303(1)=$V"+,$(+$+,&$,(1%)$".$>)0(63)+$ AK$>#(13(1$O&./5&&^)$8003(1'&*$>1'=*$a@+(+3)+3'(0$%(+($"1$>#(13(1$ +&##"#3)+)=$ #&./5&&)$(1%$()40/6$)&&B&#)*b$@&-+&6:&#$HIAK*$ $ ,++-ett999=3#(31'="#5t3#(1#&.t)+(+3)+3')=-,-$R(''&))&%$P(4*$HIA`S=$ K$E(1(%3(1$V#"(%'()+315$E"#-"#(+3"1*$aC"#"1+"$AUe$\&4$&2&1+)$31$ $ +,&$'()&*b$M/1&$`*$HIIU*$,++-ett999=':'='(t1&9)t'(1(%(t+"#"1+"? 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Canada On Guard: Assessing the Immigration Security Threat of Iran, Venezuela and Cuba – 14
JUNE 2014 – CENTER FOR A SECURE FREE SOCIETY
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15 – Henderson, Humire and Menéndez
SFS POLICY REPORT No. 1 – JUNE 2014
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NA ]&1&[/&0(*$$aE"1"'&$0($(5&1%($%&$+/$'&1+#"$'/0+/#(0$@36g1$ $P3',(&0$Q&+#"/*$aD1"..3'3(0$>#(13(1$'"1)/0(+&$"-&1)$31$P"1+#&(0*b$ V"0i2(#*b$1=%=*$,++-ett999='"1)/02&1&6"1+#&(0="#5t'"1+('+"=$C,&$ P('0&(1^)*$;'+":&#$K*$HIAK*$ )(6&$)+#(+&54$3)$&6-0"4&%$31$Z(+31$86'($k"/50()$!(#(,*$ ,++-ett999=6('0&(1)='(t1&9)t/1"..3'3(0?3#(13(1?'"1)/0(+&?"-&1)? aC&)+36"14*b$1=%=*$,++-ett999=3:3'"1)/0+(1+)=1&+t{-%.t+&)+36"14? 31?6"1+#&(0t$R(''&))&%$k&'&6:&#$AI*$HIAKS=$ ".?%"/50()?.(#(,=-%.$ $
Canada On Guard: Assessing the Immigration Security Threat of Iran, Venezuela and Cuba – 16
JUNE 2014 – CENTER FOR A SECURE FREE SOCIETY
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17 – Henderson, Humire and Menéndez
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