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A Lexical and Phonological Variation in Logooli, Lutirichi and Lumundu: a Socialinguistics Variationist Approach

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A Lexical and Phonological Variation in Logooli, Lutirichi and Lumundu: a Socialinguistics Variationist Approach A LEXICAL AND PHONOLOGICAL VARIATION IN LOGOOLI, LUTIRICHI AND LUMUNDU: A SOCIALINGUISTICS VARIATIONIST APPROACH EVERLYN KALUHI MASOLIA A RESEARCH PROJECT SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS, LINGUISTICS AND LANGUAGES, UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI 2018 DECLARATION This research project is my original work and has never been submitted for examination purposes in the University of Nairobi or any other institution. Signature…………………………………… ………………………………….. EVERLYN KALUHI MASOLIA DATE: C50/76906/2014 This work has been submitted for examination with our approval as the officially assigned supervisors for the candidate: Signature……………………………… ……………………………... PROF. JANE AKINYI NGALA ODUOR DATE Signature……………………………… ……………………… DR. KENNETH K. NGURE DATE ii DEDICATION I dedicate this project to the following people for their unique contribution to my life. First, my deepest gratitude goes to my dear husband Abisai Amatalo for supporting me both materially and morally, and for taking good charge of the family during my absence. I also dedicate this project to my children, Brian, Jason and Natasha who have been my source of inspiration. This work is also dedicated to my dear mother Fridah Masolia, whose support and encouragement was the foundation for my education. Finally, I dedicate this research project to the treasured memories of a dear soul of my late father, Zablon Masolia who found joy in my step to step academic excellence. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost I thank the almighty God for his mercies and grace that has sustained me throughout the entire course. This study could not have been successful without the assistance and guidance of many people. Special thanks goes to the following: The department of Linguistics and Languages especially my lecturers the late Prof. Okoth Okombo whom I painfully say rest in peace; Dr. Ayub Mukhwana, Dr. Lilian Kaviti, Dr. Nyachae Michira, Prof. Helga Shroeder, Dr. G. N. Marete, DR. Mungania,Mr Herman Manyora and Dr.Fred Atoh for having taken me through the course and inspiring me. Prof Habwe, for the interest he took in my study and the guidance and encouragement he gave contributed a great deal to the success of this work. My supervisor Prof. Jane Oduor and Dr Kenneth Ngure to whom I’m greatly indebted for their and guidance all the time and whose motivation has encouraged me all through. Their sacrifice in giving me direction and encouragement cannot go unnoticed. My family, thanks for your moral support and love thought my studies. My due regards goes to my sister Josephine Masolia for hosting me in her residential place throughout my course work period. My informants who contributed a great deal in generating the raw data. The head teachers of the schools I visited cannot be forgotten, for their support. My friends and colleagues, Agatha, Leticia and Caroline Didinya to name but a few, for their encouragement and support. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION ....................................................................................................................... ii DEDICATION .......................................................................................................................... iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...................................................................................................... iv TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................................... v LIST OF TABLES ..................................................................................................................... x LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................ xiii LIST OF SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................... xiv DEFINITION OF OPERATIONAL TERMS .......................................................................... xv ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................ xvi CHAPTER ONE ...................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Background to the study................................................................................................... 1 1.2.1Study on language contact ......................................................................................... 1 1.2.2 Background to the Logooli and Lutirichi languages ................................................. 2 1.2.3 The Luhya people ...................................................................................................... 2 1.3 Statement of the problem ................................................................................................. 5 1.4 Research Questions .......................................................................................................... 7 1.5 Objectives of the study ..................................................................................................... 7 1.6 Justification ...................................................................................................................... 8 1.7 Scope and limitation ......................................................................................................... 8 1.8 Theoretical Framework .................................................................................................... 9 1.8.1 The Tenets of Variationist Sociolinguistic Theory ................................................. 10 1.8.2 The Communication Accommodation Theory........................................................ 11 1.9 Literature review ............................................................................................................ 12 v 1.9.1 Review of Theoretical Literature ............................................................................ 15 1.10 Research methodology ..................................................................................................... 16 1.10.1 Research design ..................................................................................................... 17 1.10.2 Data collection ...................................................................................................... 17 1.10.3 Sampling technique ............................................................................................... 19 1.11 Data analysis ................................................................................................................ 20 1.12 Conclusion ................................................................................................................... 20 CHAPTER TWO ................................................................................................................... 21 THE PHONEMES OF LOGOOLI, LUTIRICHI AND LUMUNDU ..................................... 21 2.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 21 2.2 Logooli sounds ............................................................................................................... 21 2.2.1. Single Logooli Consonants .................................................................................... 21 2.2.2. Geminate consonants ............................................................................................. 22 2.2.3 Vowels .................................................................................................................... 22 2.3 Lutirichi sounds .............................................................................................................. 24 2.3.1 Single Lutirichi consonants ..................................................................................... 25 2.3.2 Lutirichi geminate consonants ................................................................................ 26 2.3.3 Lutirichi vowels ...................................................................................................... 26 2.4 Lumundu Sounds ........................................................................................................... 28 2.4.1 Lumundu single Consonants .............................................................................. 28 2.4.2 Lumundu Short vowels ........................................................................................... 31 2.4.3 Long vowels ............................................................................................................ 31 2.5 Conclusion ..................................................................................................................... 32 CHAPTER THREE ............................................................................................................... 33 vi PHONOLOGICAL AND LEXICAL VARIATION IN LOGOOLI, LUTURICHI AND LUMUNDU. ............................................................................................................................ 33 3.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 33 3.2 Phonological variations ............................................................................................. 33 3.2.1 Phonological variations in the Logooli, Lutirichi and Lumundu
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