DOCSLIB.ORG

Phd Dessertation Revised Edition

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Phd Dessertation Revised Edition Town The copyright of this thesis rests with the University of Cape Town. No quotation from it or information derivedCape from it is to be published without full acknowledgement of theof source. The thesis is to be used for private study or non-commercial research purposes only. University BANTU AND NILOTIC CHILDREN’S SINGING GAMES: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THEIR VALUE COMMUNICATION BY MICHAEL OYOO WECHE (STUDENT NUMBER WCHM1002) Town Thesis Presented for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the School of LanguagesCape and Literatures of UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN SOUTH AFRICA University JULY 2009 DECLARATION This Thesis is my original work and has not been presented for a degree in any other university. MICHAEL OYOO WECHE SIGNATURE _______________________________________ DATE _______________________________________ Town Cape This Thesis has been submitted with myof approval as University Supervisor. DR. ABNER NYAMENDE SIGNATURE ____________________________________ DATE ____________________________________ University ii DEDICATION This Thesis is dedicated to my beloved daughters, Fatma Tatyana Akinyi (Titi) and Daniela Benta Atieno (Dani) and all children of the world. Town Cape of University iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I am immensely indebted to The Catholic University of Eastern Africa, for offering me a Staff Development Scholarship to pursue my doctorate studies. My earnest gratitude goes to my supervisor, Dr. Abner Nyamende with whom I worked to see this study through. I cannot forget his friendly and invaluable advice and concern that fired me up to work harder and finish on time. Of special mention is my former Head of Department at The Catholic University of Eastern Africa, Ms. Alice Kiai, a great leader whose professional and academic approach in her relationship with colleagues gave me the peace of mind needed for serious academic pursuits. Town Special thanks go to my colleagues in theCape Department of English at The Catholic University of Eastern Africa, Ms. Sellineof Oketch, Mr. Peter Mbugua and Dr. Simon Peter Otieno for their special encouragement and cooperation. Lastly may I acknowledge the crucial role my two daughters, Titi and Dani, together with my wife Lilian Anyango played for being there for me during the research and writing time. And foremost,University thanks be to God, “Obong’o Nyakalanga” whose blessings and care have carried me this far. iv ABSTRACT This study is based on the premise that Luo and Luhya children’s singing games are creative works that subtly reflect the aesthetics of the two communities. The aim is to critically examine how the performance of the singing games and their texts reflect the aspirations, norms and values of the macro cultures of the two Nilotic and Bantu communities respectively. The sampled singing games include those done in the traditional setting, sung in vernacular and those that are taken from the urban or cosmopolitanTown settings. Our findings reveal that Luo and Luhya children’s singing games are a significant resource in communicating the values of the two communities.Cape of Luo and Luhya children imitate their physical and social environments and dramatize about the aesthetics of the communities. This dramatization reflects both traditional values and the new emerging values that have been necessitated by the introduction of western values, formal education, Christianity and others. University In these singing games Luo and Luhya children are able to socialize, learn and also uphold the values of unity and respect for one another. The singing games are significant in the learning process and character development of the children involved in the performance. v Luo and Luhya children’s singing games play a significant role in socializing the children in their different societies. The socialization makes the child to be rooted in the aesthetics and aspirations of his/her society. Urban children’s singing games that are sung by Luhya and Luo children reflect the child’s creativity, improvisation and the ability to borrow from various sources. The singing games utilize various sources, including the electronic media, print media and also rhymes from other cultures. Children’s singing games are repertoires of a people’s aesthetics.Town Apart from directly teaching the participants cultural issues and requirements, the singing games are crucial to the participants’ social and moral development.Cape of Luo and Luhya children’s singing games reflect the macro culture of the Luo and Luhya communities respectively and to a great extent the changing values in the Kenyan society. The study also gives some insights arising from the findings that can be of benefit to future researchers.University There is need for researchers to focus on children’s singing games as creative works and discover their role in the social and moral development of the child and also find out how these creative works can be used in an educational set up. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS Page DECLARATION………………………………………..……………………………ii DEDICATION………………………………………………………………….……iii ACKNOWLEGDEMENT……………………………………………………...…....iv ABSTRACT………………………………………………………………….…..……v TABLE OF CONTENTS……………………………………………………….……vii CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY Town 1.1 The Luo and Luhya of Kenya……………………………………………… 1 1.2 Background to the Study……………………………………………...…… 5 1.3 Definition of Key Terms……………………………………………………Cape 9 1.4 Statement of the Problem…………………………………………………...of 10 1.5 Justification of the Study…………………………………………………... 12 1.6 Objectives of the Study…………………………………………………….. 14 1.7 Assumptions of the Study………………………………………………….. 15 1.8 TheoreticalUniversity Framework…………………………………………………….. 15 1.9 Literature Review……………………………………….………………….. 21 1.10 Scope and Limitations……………………………………………………… 33 1.11 Methodology……………………………………………………………….. 36 1.12 Organization of the Thesis………………………….……………………… 40 vii CHAPTER TWO AESTHETIC VALUE COMMUNICATION IN LUO AND LUHYA CHILDREN’S SINGING GAMES 2.1 Luhya Children’s Singing Games……………………………….……….......42 2.1.1 Luhya Children’s Singing Games and the Environment………….…………42 2.1.2 Luhya Children’s Singing Games and the Kinship System………….………49 2.1.3 Luhya Children’s Singing Games and the Values of Friendship and Unity…………………………………………………………………… 56 2.1.4 Luhya Children’s Singing Games and Gender Roles……………………… 63 2.1.5 Luhya Children’s Singing Games on Other Themes and Issues…...………. 69 2.2 Luo Children’s Singing Games…………………………………….……….Town 70 2.2.1 Luo Children’s Singing Games on the Value of Hard work………………... 71 Cape 2.2.2 Luo Children’s Singing Games ofand the Imitation of the Surrounding……………………………………………………………….....76 2.2.3 Luo Children’s Singing Games on the Significance of Traditional Foods…………………………………………………………... 84 2.2.4 Luo Children’s Singing Games on the Values of Friendship and TraditionalUniversity Roles…………………………………………………………… 87 2.3 Other Issues in Luo and Luhya Children’s Singing Games……………….. 95 CHAPTER THREE STYLE AND AESTHETIC COMMUNICATION IN LUHYA AND LUO CHILDREN’S SINGING GAMES 3.1 Introduction………………………………………………………………… 100 viii 3.2 Descriptive Features in Luo and Luhya Children’s Singing Games and their Value Communication……………………………………………………... 101 3.3 Performance Style and Its Aesthetic Communication in Luo and Luhya Children’s Singing Games…………………………………………………. 128 CHAPTER FOUR CHANGING VALUES AND TRENDS IN LUO AND LUHYA CHILDREN’S SINGING GAMES 4.1 Introduction………………………………………………………………… 155 4.2 Changing Values in Luo Children’s Singing Games………………………. 157 4.2.1 Luo Children’s Singing Games and Social Changes……………………….Town 157 4.2.2 Luo Children’s Singing Games on the Value of Formal Education……….. 176 4.3 Changing Trends and Values in Luhya Children’s Singing Games……………………………………………………………...Cape 180 4.3.1 Luhya Children’s Singing Gamesof and Changing Socio-Economic Values.............................................................................................................181 4.4 Luo and Luhya Urban Children’s Singing Games and their Aesthetic Value…………………………………………………………….187 CHAPTER FIVEUniversity SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 5.1 Summary and Conclusions………………………………………………… 216 5.2 Recommendations for Further Studies ……………………………………….226 BIBLIOGRAPHY………………………………………………………………… 229 APPENDIX I………………………………………………………………………. 239 APPENDIX II……………………………………………………………………… 270 ix Town APPENDIX III……………………………………………………….…………….. 301 Cape of University x CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY 1.1 The Luo and Luhya of Kenya The Luo people of Kenya are called Joluo and the language they speak is Dholuo. The Luo of Kenya are Nilotes because they are speakers of the Nilo-Saharan group of languages. They belong to a family of ethnolinguistically affiliated groups; a branch of the Nilo-Saharan language family. They are sometimes referred to as River-Lake Nilotes or Western Nilotes. Town According to Roscoe and Ogutu (1974:10) “Luo” is related to the word “luwo” (to follow). Historically the Luo are said to have followed the River Nile in search of pasture and eventually settled in the areas they currentlyCape occupy. of The Luo of Kenya settled in the western part of Kenya in the present Migori, Homabay, Kisumu, Bondo, Rachuonyo, Nyando and Siaya Districts. The Luo of Kenya are a Nilotic group related to the Acholi and Jo-Padhola of Uganda and also the Shilluk, Aruak and Dinka of SudanUniversity (Miruka, 2001:1). Ogot (1974) reports that the first group of Luo speakers to arrive in Kenya were Joka-jok, “the people of god” who migrated from the Tekidi settlement because of a major conflict.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • University of Warwick Institutional Repository
    University of Warwick institutional repository: http://go.warwick.ac.uk/wrap A Thesis Submitted for the Degree of PhD at the University of Warwick http://go.warwick.ac.uk/wrap/67046 This thesis is made available online and is protected by original copyright. Please scroll down to view the document itself. Please refer to the repository record for this item for information to help you to cite it. Our policy information is available from the repository home page. SOCIAL AND LEGAL CHANGE IN KURIA FAl1ILY RELATIONS Thesis Submitted by Barthazar Aloys RVJEZAURA LL.B (Makerere); LL.M (Harvard) Advocate of the High Court of Tanzania and Senior Lecturer in Law, University of Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania. In fulfilment of the Requirements for the Award of the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy. The University of Warwick, ,School of Law. ,, February, 1982. IMAGING SERVICES NORTH Boston Spa, Wetherby West Yorkshire, LS23 7BQ www.bl.uk BEST COpy AVAILABLE. VARIABLE PRINT QUALITY ii I'ahLeof Contents ii • AcknOi·;~igements v Abstract vii CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1 - 7 CHAPTER Th'O THE LAND AND PEOPLE Geography and Climate 8 Kuria People and Their History 11 Kuria Social Organisation 13 Kuria Land Tenure 19 CHAPTER 'rHREE HAIN FEATURES OF THE KURIA ECONOHY Introduction 23 Pre-Colonial Agriculture 24 Pre-Colonial Animal Husbandry 29 The Elders' Control of Kuria Economy 38 Summary 41 CHAPTER FOUR THE FORIftATIONOF A PEASANT ECONOMY Introduction 42 Consolidation of Colonial Rule 43 Cash Crop Production 46 Cattle Marketing Policy 53 Import and Export Trade 60 Summary
    [Show full text]
  • Navigating Youth, Generating Adulthood Social Becoming in an African Context
    Navigating Youth, Generating Adulthood Social Becoming in an African Context Edited by Catrine Christiansen, Mats Utas and Henrik E. Vigh NORDISKA AFRIKAINSTITUTET, UPPSALA 2006 © The Nordic Africa Institute Indexing terms: Youth Adolescents Children Social environment Living conditions Human relations Social and cultural anthropology Case studies Africa Language checking: Elaine Almén Cover photo: “Sierra Leonean musician 2 Jay” by Mats Utas ISBN 91-7106-578-4 © the authors and Nordiska Afrikainstitutet 2006 Printed in Sweden by Elanders Gotab AB, Stockholm 2006 © The Nordic Africa Institute Contents YOUTH(E)SCAPES Introduction Catrine Christiansen, Mats Utas and Henrik E. Vigh ……………………………………… 9 NAVIGATIng YOUTH Chapter 1. Social Death and Violent Life Chances Henrik E. Vigh ……………………………………………… 31 Chapter 2. Coping with Unpredictability: “Preparing for life” in Ngaoundéré, Cameroon Trond Waage …………………………………………………… 61 Chapter 3. Child Migrants in Transit: Strategies to assert new identities in rural Burkina Faso Dorthe Thorsen ………..……………………………………… 88 GEN(D)ERATIng ADULTHOOD Chapter 4. Popular Music and Luo Youth in Western Kenya: Ambiguities of modernity, morality and gender relations in the era of AIDS Ruth Prince …………...………………………………………… 117 Chapter 5. Industrial Labour, Marital Strategy and Changing Livelihood Trajectories among Young Women in Lesotho Christian Boehm …………………………………………… 153 Chapter 6. Relocation of Children: Fosterage and child death in Biombo, Guinea-Bissau Jónína Einarsdóttir ………………………………………… 183 © The Nordic Africa Institute
    [Show full text]
  • Anglican Church Unity
    Anglican Church Unity The tension between Anglican Church unity and ethnic identity in Kenya Fredrick Kodia Olayo Supervisor Associate Professor Roar G. Fotland This Master’s Thesis is submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the MA degree at MF Norwegian School of Theology, 2015 spring AVH5035: Master's Thesis (60 ECTS) Master in Religion, Society and Global Issues 41,655 words 1 DECLARATION This dissertation is my own work and is not the result of anything done in collaboration. It has not been previously presented to any other institution for academic award. I agree that this dissertation may be available for reference and photocopy at the discretion of MF Norwegian School of Theology 2 DEDICATION This work is dedicated to my daughters Secret Anyango and Glory Atieno, my son Emmanuel Ochieng, and to my wife Magdalene A. Nerima. 3 ABSTRACT Unity is a moral requirement in both religious and secular life. In a highly religious society, morals and values are much informed by the religious precepts. For traditional cultures, morality is by custom, and for secular cultures, morality is by reason, Moyo, quoted in Kim and Kim, (Kim and Kim, 2008, p. 66). Most African cultures today, moral issues are informed by both the religion they ascribe to, traditional culture which is still very strong and to some extend reason. The church has been accused of taking sides when a crisis arises, a time when unity is really needed. For example, during conflicts that are ethnic in nature, churches stand in solidarity with their ethnic side of affiliation.
    [Show full text]
  • The Luo People in South Sudan
    The Luo People in South Sudan The Luo People in South Sudan: Ethnological Heredities of East Africa By Kon K. Madut The Luo People in South Sudan: Ethnological Heredities of East Africa By Kon K. Madut This book first published 2020 Cambridge Scholars Publishing Lady Stephenson Library, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE6 2PA, UK British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Copyright © 2020 by Kon K. Madut All rights for this book reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. ISBN (10): 1-5275-5743-X ISBN (13): 978-1-5275-5743-7 I would like to dedicate this book to all the Luo People in South Sudan, Ethiopia, Congo, Uganda, Kenya, and Tanzania TABLE OF CONTENTS Author Biography ...................................................................................... ix About this Edition ...................................................................................... xi Acknowledgements ................................................................................. xiii Chapter One ................................................................................................ 1 The Context Background Theoretical Framework Investigating Luo Groups The Construction of Ethnicity and Language Chapter Two ............................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Kenya Briefing Packet
    KENYA PROVIDING COMMUNITY HEALTH TO POPULATIONS MOST IN NEED se P RE-FIELD BRIEFING PACKET KENYA 1151 Eagle Drive, Loveland, CO, 80537 | (970) 635-0110 | [email protected] | www.imrus.org KENYA Country Briefing Packet Contents ABOUT THIS PACKET 3 BACKGROUND 4 EXTENDING YOUR STAY? 5 PUBLIC HEALTH OVERVIEW 7 NATIONAL FLAG 15 COUNTRY OVERVIEW 15 OVERVIEW 16 BRIEF HISTORY OF KENYA 17 GEOGRAPHY, CLIMATE AND WEATHER 19 DEMOGRAPHICS 21 ECONOMY 26 EDUCATION 27 RELIGION 29 POVERTY 30 CULTURE 31 USEFUL SWAHILI PHRASES 36 SAFETY 39 CURRENCY 40 IMR RECOMMENDATIONS ON PERSONAL FUNDS 42 TIME IN KENYA 42 EMBASSY INFORMATION 43 WEBSITES 43 !2 1151 Eagle Drive, Loveland, CO, 80537 | (970) 635-0110 | [email protected] | www.imrus.org KENYA Country Briefing Packet ABOUT THIS PACKET This packet has been created to serve as a resource for the KENYA Medical/Dental Team. This packet is information about the country and can be read at your leisure or on the airplane. The first section of this booklet is specific to the areas we will be working near (however, not the actual clinic locations) and contains information you may want to know before the trip. The contents herein are not for distributional purposes and are intended for the use of the team and their families. Sources of the information all come from public record and documentation. You may access any of the information and more updates directly from the World Wide Web and other public sources. !3 1151 Eagle Drive, Loveland, CO, 80537 | (970) 635-0110 | [email protected] | www.imrus.org KENYA Country Briefing Packet BACKGROUND Kenya, located in East Africa, spans more than 224,000 sq.
    [Show full text]
  • Toward Transcultural Training in Phonological Processes for Bantu Language Mother Tongue Translators
    DigitalResources SIL eBook 38 ® Toward Transcultural Training in Phonological Processes for Bantu Language Mother Tongue Translators William Lorin Gardner Toward Transcultural Training in Phonological Processes for Bantu Language Mother Tongue Translators William Lorin Gardner SIL International ® 2012 SIL e-Books 38 2012 SIL International ® ISBN: 978-1-55671-306-4 ISSN: 1934-2470 Fair-Use Policy: Books published in the SIL e-Books (SILEB) series are intended for scholarly research and educational use. You may make copies of these publications for research or instructional purposes free of charge (within fair-use guidelines) and without further permission. Republication or commercial use of SILEB or the documents contained therein is expressly prohibited without the written consent of the copyright holder(s). Series Editor Mike Cahill Managing Editor Bonnie Brown TOWARD TRANSCULTURAL TRAINING IN PHONOLOGICAL PROCESSES FOR BANTU LANGUAGE MOTHER TONGUE TRANSLATORS By William Lorin Gardner A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the School of Intercultural Studies FULLER THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy April 28, 2010 ABSTRACT Gardner, William Lorin 2010 ―Toward Transcultural Training in Phonological Processes for Bantu Language Mother Tongue Translators.‖ Fuller Theological Seminary, School of Intercultural Studies. Ph.D. 300 pp. Hundreds of languages in Africa are still unwritten or do not yet have Biblical literature translated into them. Many of these belong to the linguistically similar family of Bantu languages which covers most of central, eastern and southern Africa. To help meet this need, translation degree programs for training Africans in linguistics have been developed in several countries across Africa.
    [Show full text]
  • A Lexical Semantic Assessment of Luhya Dialects
    LINGUISTIC VERSUS GEOGRAPHICAL BOUNDARIES: A LEXICAL SEMANTIC ASSESSMENT OF LUHYA DIALECTS. BY LUBANGAH LUTTA JOHN A RESEARCH PROJECT SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS (LINGUISTICS) UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI 2018 i DECLARATION This project work is my original work and has not been presented for the award of a degree in any other university. Signature: …………………………...... Date…………………………….. LUBANGAH LUTTA JOHN C50/80433/2015 This project work has been submitted for examination with our approval as university supervisors. Signature ………………………………… Date …………………………….. MR. LUKAKA, J.N. Signature ………………………………….. Date ……………………………… DR. MUKHWANA, A i DEDICATION To my uncle – Wangatia Francis (Headmaster); this is a product of your push, support and inspiration. For taking care of all my needs; coming in as a parent when I got orphaned, supporting me morally and materially through my academic journey, I salute you. My wife – Rodah (Reina), son – Israel – and my Form 1 East Class 2018 – Kimuri High School; you had to go through hardships in my absence. You give me the reason to strive for excellence. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I thank God for the gift of life. He has kept me healthy and as Jireh, extended His provisions generously in times of need. God has taken care of my entire family both in my presence and absence. I thank my lecturers who contributed towards my success during the time of study I was at the university. Firstly, my supervisors: Dr. Mukhwana and Mr. Lukaka for the support and guidance they gave me as I carried out my research even at times bearing with my poor time management.
    [Show full text]
  • A Collection of 100 Tachoni Proverbs and Wise Sayings
    A COLLECTION OF 100 TACHONI PROVERBS AND WISE SAYINGS By ANNASTASI OISEBE African Proverbs Working Group NAIROBI, KENYA AUGUST, 2017. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I wish to acknowledge and thank the relentless effort for all those who played a major part in completion of this document. My utmost thanks go to Fr. Joseph G. Healey, both financial and moral support. My special thanks goes to CephasAgbemenu, Margaret Ireri and Elias Bushiri who guided me accordingly to ensure that my research was completed. Furthermore I also want to thank Edwin Kola for his enormous assistance, without forgetting publishers of Tachoni proverbs and resources who made this research possible. DEDICATION I dedicate this work to my parents Anthony and Margret Oisebe and the entire African Proverbs working group Nairobi and all readers of African literature. INTRODUCTION Location The Tachoni (We shall be back in Kalenjin) are Kalenjins assimilated by Luhya people of Western Kenya, sharing land with the Bukusu tribe. They live mainly in Webuye, Chetambe Hills, Ndivisi (of Bungoma County) and the former Lugari District in the Kakamega County. Most Tachoni clans living in Bungoma speak the 'Lubukusu' dialect of the Luhya language making them get mistaken as Bukusus. They spread to Trans-Nzoia County especially around Kitale, Mumias and Busia. The ethnic group is rich in beliefs and taboos. The most elaborate cultural practice they have is circumcision. The ethnographical location of the Tachoni ethnic group in Kenya Myth of Origin One of the most common myths among the Luhya group relates to the origin of the Earth and human beings. According to this myth, Were (God) first created Heaven, then Earth.
    [Show full text]
  • KENYA Prep COMMUNICATIONS LANDSCAPE ANALYSIS What Do We Know and What Do We Need to Know?
    KENYA PrEP COMMUNICATIONS LANDSCAPE ANALYSIS What do we know and what do we need to know? McCann Global Health Prepared for the Technical Working Group January 27, 2017 TABLE OF CONTENTS About the 5Cs 8 Culture 12 Consumer 37 Serodiscordant Couples 39 Adolescent Girls & Young Women 57 Men Who Have Sex With Men 81 Female Sex Workers 101 People Who Inject Drugs 120 Health Care Workers 137 Category 159 Connections 186 Company 214 The Competitive Set 240 2 OVERVIEW The Optimizing Prevention Technology Introduction on With support from PrEP TWG, McCann Global Health will Schedule (OPTIONS) consortium is one of five projects conduct a national market intelligence study and support funded by USAID, in partnership with the PEPFAR to the development of a national market preparation and expedite and sustain access to antiretroviral-based HIV communications strategy to support demand creation prevention products by providing technical assistance for efforts of PrEP in Kenya. This strategy aims to offer a investment scenarios, market preparation strategies, cohesive, strategic, and coordinated launch of PrEP as well country-level support, implementation science and health as forthcoming ARV prevention products in Kenya. systems strengthening in countries and among populations Prior to the start of the market intelligence, McCann has where most needed. conducted a landscape analysis of all available A key aim within OPTIONS is to develop a market communications about the target audiences, HIV preparation and communications guide for the prevention, and PrEP in Kenya, to identify key knowledge introduction and uptake of PrEP in Kenya, led by the gaps for further exploration in the market intelligence.
    [Show full text]
  • Ruaha Journal of Arts and Social Sciences (RUJASS), Volume 7, Issue 1, 2021
    RUAHA J O U R N A L O F ARTS AND SOCIA L SCIENCE S (RUJASS) Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences - Ruaha Catholic University VOLUME 7, ISSUE 1, 2021 1 Ruaha Journal of Arts and Social Sciences (RUJASS), Volume 7, Issue 1, 2021 CHIEF EDITOR Prof. D. Komba - Ruaha Catholic University ASSOCIATE CHIEF EDITOR Rev. Dr Kristofa, Z. Nyoni - Ruaha Catholic University EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD Prof. A. Lusekelo - Dar es Salaam University College of Education Prof. E. S. Mligo - Teofilo Kisanji University, Mbeya Prof. G. Acquaviva - Turin University, Italy Prof. J. S. Madumulla - Catholic University College of Mbeya Prof. K. Simala - Masinde Murilo University of Science and Technology, Kenya Rev. Prof. P. Mgeni - Ruaha Catholic University Dr A. B. G. Msigwa - University of Dar es Salaam Dr C. Asiimwe - Makerere University, Uganda Dr D. Goodness - Dar es Salaam University College of Education Dr D. O. Ochieng - The Open University of Tanzania Dr E. H. Y. Chaula - University of Iringa Dr E. Haulle - Mkwawa University College of Education Dr E. Tibategeza - St. Augustine University of Tanzania Dr F. Hassan - University of Dodoma Dr F. Tegete - Catholic University College of Mbeya Dr F. W. Gabriel - Ruaha Catholic University Dr M. Nassoro - State University of Zanzibar Dr M. P. Mandalu - Stella Maris Mtwara University College Dr W. Migodela - Ruaha Catholic University SECRETARIAL BOARD Dr Gerephace Mwangosi - Ruaha Catholic University Mr Claudio Kisake - Ruaha Catholic University Mr Rubeni Emanuel - Ruaha Catholic University The journal is published bi-annually by the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Ruaha Catholic University. ©Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Ruaha Catholic University.
    [Show full text]
  • Understanding Cattle Rustling and the Role of Indigenous Conflict Resolution Mechanisms Among the Tugen, Ilchamus and Pokot of Baringo County, 2000-2015
    DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY AND ARCHAEOLOGY MA IN ARMED CONFLICT AND PEACE STUDIES UNDERSTANDING CATTLE RUSTLING AND THE ROLE OF INDIGENOUS CONFLICT RESOLUTION MECHANISMS AMONG THE TUGEN, ILCHAMUS AND POKOT OF BARINGO COUNTY, 2000-2015 KWONYIKE MOSES MELIL M.A PROJECT A RESEARCH PROJECT PAPER SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS, ARMED CONFLICT AND PEACE STUDIES, UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI. 2018 1 DECLARATION THIS IS MY ORIGINAL WORK AND HAS NOT BEEN PRESENTED FOR A DEGREE IN ANY OTHER UNIVERSITY. ……………………………………………. Date………………………….. KWONYIKE MOSES MELIL C50/74289/2014 THIS PROJECT HAS BEEN SUBMITTED WITH THE APPROVAL OF UNIVERSITY SUPERVISORS: …………………………………………. DATE………………………………. DR. MARY MWIANDI 2 DEDICATION This work is dedicated to my late father, Mzee Kwonyike Cheptoo (Kimutus), without whose efforts, I would not have gone to school. His personal focus and sacrifice as an illiterate herdsman was incredible. 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS In my efforts to accomplish this study, there are people whose contributions cannot be ignored. I would like to pay special thanks to my two supervisors Prof. G. Muriuki and Dr. M. Mwiandi for finding time to review my work (Prof. Muriuki retired before I graduated, though he signed the initial Project Paper I defended at the department). Their time spent and critique was invaluable. To you two, special thanks. I would also like to express gratitude to the departmental post-graduate coordinator, Dr. G. Gona whose contribution to this work is worth a mention. A special mention also goes to Prof. V.G. Simiyu for helping in the reconstruction of the topic.
    [Show full text]
  • Pre-Colonial Political Organization of the Kalenjin of Kenya: an Overview
    www.ijird.com November, 2016 Vol 5 Issue 13 ISSN 2278 – 0211 (Online) Pre-Colonial Political Organization of the Kalenjin of Kenya: An Overview Florence J. Chelimo Doctoral Student, Maasai Mara University, Kenya Kiplagat Chelelgo Lecturer, Dedan Kimathi University, Kenya Abstract: The most striking features of History of Africa in the 19 th century especially East Africa which is believed to be the cradleland of mankind is the phenomenon of state formation. The century was therefore an exciting time, a time when various groups faced challenges of growth and in some few cases decay which was mainly influenced by their political organization. Kalenjin are descendants of migrants from the Nile River area of the Sudan or the western Ethiopian highlands. It is thought the ancestors of these Highland Nilotes were moving from their Nile River areas about 3000 years ago. The ancestors of the Kalenjin were established in approximately their current areas by about A.D. 500. This is a community with well-established decentralized system of government led by council of elders, the political organization of this Nilotic community unique and enriches the History of Kenyan societies in the pre-colonial period. Keywords: Pre-Colonial, Political Organization, Kalenjin 1. Introduction The Kalenjin is a Nilotic ethnic community that inhabits the rift valley region of Kenya. As per the 2009 census, they were estimated at 4,967,328 persons and constituted 14 % of Kenya’s population. It is the third largest ethnic group after the Kikuyu and Luhya communities (Soft Kenya, 2016).They comprise seven major dialectic groups the Kipsigis, Nandi, Tugen, Marakwet, Pokot (Suk), Sabaot (Sabiny) and Terik (Chesaina, 1991).
    [Show full text]