DOCSLIB.ORG

Outline Lecture Eighteen—Heian Period and Medieval Japanese Sensibility Focus Last Lecture: 1) the Process Through Which Japan

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Outline Lecture Eighteen—Heian Period and Medieval Japanese Sensibility Focus Last Lecture: 1) the Process Through Which Japan Outline Lecture Eighteen—Heian Period and Medieval Japanese Sensibility Focus Last Lecture: 1) The process through which Japan became a Buddhist nation and Buddhism a Japanese religion 2) Growing power of and meddling by Buddhist temples in Nara Today’s Focus: 1) Heian court turning inward politically, culturally, and religiously—Japan’s period of self- imposed isolation 2) Erosion of centralized imperial authority I) Challenges to Centralized Imperial Authority a) Political Ascendancy of the Fujiwara Clan i) 794 move of capital from Nara to Heian (Kyoto) by Emperor Kammu ii) Fujiwara family’s domination of court politics from the 9th to 11th centuries (1) Use of “Borrowed wombs” (2) E.g. Michinaga Fujiwara (966-1027) (a) His daughter Shoshi placed as imperial consort at age 10 (b) Scene of her giving birth to the future heir to the throne iii) Why did powerful men like Michinaga not become emperors themselves? b) Prevalence of Independent Shoens i) Origin of Shoens (1) Equal-field system during the Nara period modeled after Chinese Juntian (a) Tax exemptions for estates belonging to nobility and temples (2) By mid-8th century, central authority waning (a) Allowed small plots of land to be reclaimed in exchange for grain tax ii) Expansion of Shoens (1) Advantage of economy of scale (2) By 10th century, immunity from taxation and entry iii) Economic impact of Shoens (1) Different groups held shiki in any given shoen (2) Flexible enough to satisfy many disparate class interests (a) “Pyramid of hierarchy”: HonkesRyokesShokesShomins (3) By 12th century, half of Japan’s rice cultivation land was held by shoens iv) Why did the central government not curb this practice? II) The Solipsistic World of the Heian Court a) Political Isolation i) Domestically—court more and more removed from the provinces ii) Overseas contact ended in 838 with last mission to China b) Religious Trends i) Two Main Sects during Heian (1) Tendai—founded by Saicho (767-822); based at Enryakuji on Mt. Hiei (a) 3,000 buildings in temple complex (b) Had its own “standing army” called the akuso (c) Focus on the “Lotus Sutra” and the nembutsu (i) Saicho: “All forms stand an equal basis in attaining Buddhahood” (2) Shingon—founded by Kukai (774-835); based on Mt. Koya (a) Emphasis on esoteric teachings and Tantric practices (b) Nationalistic appeal of Kukai (c) More popular with the Heian elite c) Courtly Culture of Interior Space i) Detachment from the outside world (1) “Heian society became more and more a prey to melancholy and disillusionment” (Beasley 70) (2) Heian sensibility defined by Miyabi ii) Lady Murasaki’s Tale of Genji (1) “Literature of the parlor” (2) Aesthetics of courtship (3) Observations of palace life iii) Influence on a distinctly Japanese aesthetic sensibility .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Mother of the Nation: Femininity, Modernity, and Class in the Image of Empress Teimei
    Mother of the Nation: Femininity, Modernity, and Class in the Image of Empress Teimei By ©2016 Alison Miller Submitted to the graduate degree program in the History of Art and the Graduate Faculty of the University of Kansas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. ________________________________ Chairperson Dr. Maki Kaneko ________________________________ Dr. Sherry Fowler ________________________________ Dr. David Cateforis ________________________________ Dr. John Pultz ________________________________ Dr. Akiko Takeyama Date Defended: April 15, 2016 The Dissertation Committee for Alison Miller certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: Mother of the Nation: Femininity, Modernity, and Class in the Image of Empress Teimei ________________________________ Chairperson Dr. Maki Kaneko Date approved: April 15, 2016 ii Abstract This dissertation examines the political significance of the image of the Japanese Empress Teimei (1884-1951) with a focus on issues of gender and class. During the first three decades of the twentieth century, Japanese society underwent significant changes in a short amount of time. After the intense modernizations of the late nineteenth century, the start of the twentieth century witnessed an increase in overseas militarism, turbulent domestic politics, an evolving middle class, and the expansion of roles for women to play outside the home. As such, the early decades of the twentieth century in Japan were a crucial period for the formation of modern ideas about femininity and womanhood. Before, during, and after the rule of her husband Emperor Taishō (1879-1926; r. 1912-1926), Empress Teimei held a highly public role, and was frequently seen in a variety of visual media.
    [Show full text]
  • I TEAM JAPAN: THEMES of 'JAPANESENESS' in MASS MEDIA
    i TEAM JAPAN: THEMES OF ‘JAPANESENESS’ IN MASS MEDIA SPORTS NARRATIVES A Dissertation submitted to the Temple University Graduate Board In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Michael Plugh July 2015 Examining Committee Members: Fabienne Darling-Wolf, Advisory Chair, Media and Communication Doctoral Program Nancy Morris, Media and Communication Doctoral Program John Campbell, Media and Communication Doctoral Program Lance Strate, External Member, Fordham University ii © Copyright 2015 by MichaelPlugh All Rights Reserved iii Abstract This dissertation concerns the reproduction and negotiation of Japanese national identity at the intersection between sports, media, and globalization. The research includes the analysis of newspaper coverage of the most significant sporting events in recent Japanese history, including the 2014 Koshien National High School Baseball Championships, the awarding of the People’s Honor Award, the 2011 FIFA Women’s World Cup, wrestler Hakuho’s record breaking victories in the sumo ring, and the bidding process for the 2020 Olympic Games. 2054 Japanese language articles were examined by thematic analysis in order to identify the extent to which established themes of “Japaneseness” were reproduced or renegotiated in the coverage. The research contributes to a broader understanding of national identity negotiation by illustrating the manner in which established symbolic boundaries are reproduced in service of the nation, particularly via mass media. Furthermore, the manner in which change is negotiated through processes of assimilation and rejection was considered through the lens of hybridity theory. iv To my wife, Ari, and my children, Hiroto and Mia. Your love sustained me throughout this process.
    [Show full text]
  • 7.5 Heian Notes
    Name: Date: Topic: Japan’s Heian Period Period: Main Ideas/ Questions Notes Row Leaders get Textbooks + Setup Cornell Notes + Put graded work away A New Capital • In 794, the Emperor Kammu built a new capital city for Japan, called Heian-Kyo. • Today, it is called Kyoto. • The Heian Period is called Japan’s “Golden Age” Essential Question: What does “Golden Age” mean? Inside the city • Wealthy families lived in mansions surrounded by gardens. A Powerful Family • The Fujiwara family controlled Japan for over 300 years. • They had more power than the emperor and made important decisions for Japan. Beauty and Fashion • Beauty was important in Heian society. • Men and women blackened their teeth. • Women plucked their eyebrows and painted them higher on their foreheads. Beauty and Fashion • Heian women wore as many as 12 silk robes at a time. • Long hair was also considered beautiful. Entertainment • The aristocracy had time for diversions such as go (a board game), kemari (keep the ball in play) and bugaku theater. Art • Yamato-e was a style of Japanese art that reflected nature from the Japanese religion of Shinto. Writing and Literature • The Tale of Genji was written by Murasaki Shikibu, a woman, and is considered the world’s first novel. Japanese Origami Book Blah blah blah blah. Blah blah blah blah. Blah blah blah blah. Blah blah blah blah. Blah blah blah blah. Blah blah blah blah. .
    [Show full text]
  • Bonsai Pdf 5/31/06 11:18 AM Page 1
    Bonsai pdf 5/31/06 11:18 AM Page 1 THE BONSAI COLLECTION The Chicago Botanic Garden’s bonsai collection is regarded by bonsai experts as one of the best public collections in the world. It includes 185 bonsai in twenty styles and more than 40 kinds of plants, including evergreen, deciduous, tropical, flowering and fruiting trees. Since the entire collection cannot be displayed at once, select species are rotated through a display area in the Education Center’s East Courtyard from May through October. Each one takes the stage when it is most beautiful. To see photographs of bonsai from the collection, visit www.chicagobotanic.org/bonsai. Assembling the Collection Predominantly composed of donated specimens, the collection includes gifts from BONSAI local enthusiasts and Midwest Bonsai Society members. In 2000, Susumu Nakamura, a COLLECTION Japanese bonsai master and longstanding friend of the Chicago Botanic Garden, donated 19 of his finest bonsai to the collection. This A remarkable collection gift enabled the collection to advance to of majestic trees world-class status. in miniature Caring for the Collection When not on display, the bonsai in the Chicago Botanic Garden’s collection are housed in a secured greenhouse that has both outdoor and indoor facilities. There the bonsai are watered, fertilized, wired, trimmed and repotted by staff and volunteers. Several times a year, bonsai master Susumu Nakamura travels from his home in Japan to provide guidance for the care and training of this important collection. What Is a Bonsai? Japanese and Chinese languages use the same characters to represent bonsai (pronounced “bone-sigh”).
    [Show full text]
  • Advanced Master Gardener Landscape Gardening For
    ADVANCED MASTER GARDENER LANDSCAPE GARDENING FOR GARDENERS 2002 The Quest Continues 11 ADVANCED MASTER GARDENER 2002 LARRY A. SAGERS PROFFESOR UTAH STATE UNIVERSITY 21 ADVANCED MASTER GARDENER 2002 GRETCHEN CAMPBELL • MASTER GARDENER COORDINATOR AT THANKSGIVING POINT INSTITUE 31 ADVANCED MASTER GARDENER 2002 41 ADVANCED MASTER GARDENER 2002 HISTORY OF EARLY GARDENING • Life according to the Bible began in a garden. • Wherever that garden was located that was planted eastward in Eden, there were many plants that Adam and Eve were to tend. • The Garden provided”every tree that is pleasant to the sight and good for food” 51 ADVANCED MASTER GARDENER 2002 HISTORY OF EARLY GARDENING • Other cultures have similar stories. • Stories come from Native Americans African tribes, Polynesians and Aborigines and many other groups of gardens as a place of life 61 ADVANCED MASTER GARDENER 2002 HISTORY OF EARLY GARDENING • Teachings and legends influence art, religion, education and gardens. • The how and why of the different geographical and cultural influences on Landscape Gardening is the theme of the 2002 Advanced Master Gardening course at Thanksgiving Point Institute. 71 ADVANCED MASTER GARDENER 2002 HISTORY OF EARLY GARDENING • Earliest known indications of Agriculture only go back about 10,000 years • Bouquets of flowers have been found in tombs some 60,000 years old • These may have had aesthetic or ritual roles 81 ADVANCED MASTER GARDENER 2002 HISTORY OF EARLY GARDENING • Evidence of gardens in the fertile crescent between the Tigris and Euphrates
    [Show full text]
  • Samurai Life in Medieval Japan
    http://www.colorado.edu/ptea-curriculum/imaging-japanese-history Handout M2 (Print Version) Page 1 of 8 Samurai Life in Medieval Japan The Heian period (794-1185) was followed by 700 years of warrior governments—the Kamakura, Muromachi, and Tokugawa. The civil government at the imperial court continued, but the real rulers of the country were the military daimy class. You will be using art as a primary source to learn about samurai and daimy life in medieval Japan (1185-1603). Kamakura Period (1185-1333) The Kamakura period was the beginning of warrior class rule. The imperial court still handled civil affairs, but with the defeat of the Taira family, the Minamoto under Yoritomo established its capital in the small eastern city of Kamakura. Yoritomo received the title shogun or “barbarian-quelling generalissimo.” Different clans competed with one another as in the Hgen Disturbance of 1156 and the Heiji Disturbance of 1159. The Heiji Monogatari Emaki is a hand scroll showing the armor and battle strategies of the early medieval period. The conflict at the Sanj Palace was between Fujiwara Nobuyori and Minamoto Yoshitomo. As you look at the scroll, notice what people are wearing, the different roles of samurai and foot soldiers, and the different weapons. What can you learn about what is involved in this disturbance? What can you learn about the samurai and the early medieval period from viewing this scroll? What information is helpful in developing an accurate view of samurai? What preparations would be necessary to fight these kinds of battles? (Think about the organization of people, equipment, and weapons; the use of bows, arrows, and horses; use of protective armor for some but not all; and the different ways of fighting.) During the Genpei Civil War of 1180-1185, Yoritomo fought against and defeated the Taira, beginning the Kamakura Period.
    [Show full text]
  • Japanese Business Concepts You Should Know
    1 Japanese Business Concepts You Should Know Edited by Parissa Haghirian Sophia University Tokyo, Japan 2 Contents About this Book ......................................................................................... 4 The Editor ................................................................................................ 5 Japanese Business Concepts You Should Know ................................................. 6 Contributors of This Book ............................................................................ 94 Bibliography ............................................................................................ 96 Further Reading on Japanese Management .................................................... 102 3 About this Book This book is the result of one of my “Management in Japan” classes held at the Faculty of Liberal Arts at Sophia University in Tokyo. Students wrote this dictionary entries, I edited and updated them. The document is now available as a free e-book at my homepage www.haghirian.com. We hope that this book improves understanding of Japanese management and serves as inspiration for anyone interested in the subject. Questions and comments can be sent to [email protected]. Please inform the editor if you plan to quote parts of the book. Japanese Business Concepts You Should Know Edited by Parissa Haghirian First edition, Tokyo, October 2019 4 The Editor Parissa Haghirian is Professor of International Management at Sophia University in Tokyo. She lives and works in Japan since 2004
    [Show full text]
  • Medieval Japan
    Medieval Japan Kingaku Temple in Kyoto, Japan A..D..300 A..D.7.700 1100 1500 c. A.D. 300 A.D.646 1192 c. 1300s Yayoi people Taika reforms Rule by Noh plays organize strengthen shoguns first into clans emperor’s powers begins performed Chapter Overview Visit ca.hss.glencoe.com for a preview of Chapter 5. Early Japan Physical geography plays a role in how civilizations develop. Japan’s islands and mountains have shaped its history. The Japanese developed their own unique culture but looked to China as a model. Shoguns and Samurai Conflict often brings about great change. Japan’s emperors lost power to military leaders. Warrior families and their followers fought each other for control of Japan. Life in Medieval Japan Religion influences how civilization develops and culture spreads. The religions of Shinto and Buddhism shaped Japan’s culture. Farmers, artisans, and merchants brought wealth to Japan. View the Chapter 5 video in the Glencoe Video Program. Categorizing Information Make this foldable to help you organize information about the history and culture of medieval Japan. Step 1 Mark the midpoint of the Step 2 Turn the Reading and Writing side edge of a sheet of paper. paper and fold in Jap an As you read the chapter, each outside edge organize your notes to touch at the by writing the main midpoint. Label ideas with supporting as shown. details under the appropriate heading. Draw a mark at the midpoint Early Shoguns and Life in Japan Samurai Medieval Japan Step 3 Open and label your foldable as shown.
    [Show full text]
  • The Hachiman Cult and the Dokyo Incident Author(S): Ross Bender Source: Monumenta Nipponica, Vol
    The Hachiman Cult and the Dokyo Incident Author(s): Ross Bender Source: Monumenta Nipponica, Vol. 34, No. 2 (Summer, 1979), pp. 125-153 Published by: Sophia University Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2384320 Accessed: 17-03-2016 17:03 UTC Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/ info/about/policies/terms.jsp JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Sophia University is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Monumenta Nipponica. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 77.80.42.241 on Thu, 17 Mar 2016 17:03:08 UTC All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions The Hachiman Cult and the D6ky6 Incident by Ross BENDER XO I NE of the gravest assaults ever made on the Japanese imperial institution was launched by the Buddhist priest D6ky6' in the 760s. Dokyo, who came from a clan of the low-ranking provincial aristocracy, gained the affection of the retired Empress K6ken2 in 761 and proceeded to gather political power to himself; by the end of the decade he stood as the paramount figure in the court bureaucracy and had already begun to usurp imperial prerogatives. It was in 769 that an oracle from the shrine of Hachiman in Kyushu was reported to Nara: the god prophesied peace in the realm if Dokyo were proclaimed em- peror.
    [Show full text]
  • Upcoming Events 2021 Virtual BSOP Meeting: February 23, 6:00Pm, Special Joint BSOP/Mirai Program Featuring Ryan Neil on Repotting
    February Upcoming Events 2021 Virtual BSOP Meeting: February 23, 6:00pm, Special joint BSOP/Mirai program featuring Ryan Neil on repotting. February 24, 6:30—8:00pm, BSOP Repotting Q&A with Ryan Neil March 13 10:00 - 11:30am, Mentorship Presents; Repotting March 23, 7-9pm, Monthly Meeting- Jonas Dupuich on long term pine development National Meeting: September 11-12, 2021, US National Bonsai Exhibition. Rochester, NY 14445 2021 Words From the President Greetings BSOP, I hope everyone is enjoying the snow and winter weather that this month has brought us - I personally love seeing snow fall in the bonsai garden. While the pandemic has halted our in-person gatherings, I hope you have and plan to take advantage of our digital program- ming. We're offering two Zoom presentations each month until the pandemic passes, with no summer break. This month I'll be giving a program on deciduous nebari techniques, and later Ryan Neil will be giving a BSOP sponsored public stream on February 23rd, and will be giving a private BSOP members-only Repotting Q&A session on February 24th. We have some of the biggest names in bonsai presenting to our club this year on Zoom, so please tune in and catch a program. In spite of this winter weather, it's time to start thinking about repotting season, if you haven't already! Make sure you protect repotted bonsai from freezing temperatures and wind. Bonsai undergoing a drastic repot might even appreciate a heat pad. For aftercare, typically 3-4 weeks in the greenhouse after repotting is a good guideline, but keep an eye on the weather.
    [Show full text]
  • Creating Heresy: (Mis)Representation, Fabrication, and the Tachikawa-Ryū
    Creating Heresy: (Mis)representation, Fabrication, and the Tachikawa-ryū Takuya Hino Submitted in partial fulfillment of the Requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2012 © 2012 Takuya Hino All rights reserved ABSTRACT Creating Heresy: (Mis)representation, Fabrication, and the Tachikawa-ryū Takuya Hino In this dissertation I provide a detailed analysis of the role played by the Tachikawa-ryū in the development of Japanese esoteric Buddhist doctrine during the medieval period (900-1200). In doing so, I seek to challenge currently held, inaccurate views of the role played by this tradition in the history of Japanese esoteric Buddhism and Japanese religion more generally. The Tachikawa-ryū, which has yet to receive sustained attention in English-language scholarship, began in the twelfth century and later came to be denounced as heretical by mainstream Buddhist institutions. The project will be divided into four sections: three of these will each focus on a different chronological stage in the development of the Tachikawa-ryū, while the introduction will address the portrayal of this tradition in twentieth-century scholarship. TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Abbreviations……………………………………………………………………………...ii Acknowledgements………………………………………………………………………………iii Dedication……………………………………………………………………………….………..vi Preface…………………………………………………………………………………………...vii Introduction………………………………………………………………………….…………….1 Chapter 1: Genealogy of a Divination Transmission……………………………………….……40 Chapter
    [Show full text]
  • Heian Literature in Manga"
    H-Japan Publication "Heian Literature in Manga" Discussion published by Gergana Ivanova on Friday, April 23, 2021 Dear Colleagues, I am writing to announce the publication of a collection of articles inJapanese Language and Literature (JLL) that focus on manga adaptations of Heian-period literary works. Titled “Heian Literature in Manga,” this special section of the journal explores the multiple functions that manga rewritings of classical literature perform in present-day Japan. The articles examine recent rewritings of the following works:Taketori monogatari, Ise monogatari, Makura no sōshi, Genji monogatari, Sarashina nikki, and Izumi Shikibu nikki. Some of the questions these studies address are: Why do so many manga adaptations of Japanese “classics” appear in the book market every year? Why are they marketed as educational tools although they differ tremendously from the source texts? What influence has manga had in popularizing classical literature? How are literary works of the distant past utilized to address current social issues in Japan, including women’s empowerment, sexual violence, gender and sexuality, and cultural nationalism? “All of these articles demonstrate how manga adaptations recontextualize Heian writers and their works in the familiar landscape of today to bring them closer to the reader and emphasize the timeless and enduring character of classical literature. Using contemporary Japanese slang, visually stunning art, and universal themes such as sexuality, family, and life paths for women, manga successfully transform ancient texts into engaging, accessible works that continue to spark interest in Japan’s literary heritage in the twenty-first century and broaden readers’ knowledge of the past. These studies can thus contribute to effective teaching of classical literature both within and outside Japan.” The articles can be accessed here: https://jll.pitt.edu/ojs/JLL .
    [Show full text]