POLYPETALAE – Petals Separate THALAMIFLORAE – Sepals, Petals and Stamens All Attached to Receptacle

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POLYPETALAE – petals separate THALAMIFLORAE – Sepals, Petals and Stamens all attached to receptacle. Gynoecium apocarpous. RANUNCULACEAE (Herbaceous, leaves 3-parted) BERBERIDACEAE* (Carpel solitary, Anthers with flaps). Parietal placentation. [NOT Natural. Convergent evolution: Papaveraceae close to Ranunc., but remainder scattered amongst Rosids] PAPAVERACEAE* (Sepals 2, petals 4) CRUCIFERAE* (Petals 4, Stamens 6, ovary 2) CAPPARACEAE* (Ovary stalked) RESEDACEAE (Ovary open, 3-parted) CISTACEAE VIOLACEAE Ovary 2-3 septate. PITTOSPORACEAE* POLYGALACEAE. Axile placentation. CARYOPHYLLACEAE* PORTULACACEAE (Sepals gland-fringed) Stamens numerous; Calyx imbricate. GUTTIFERAE/CLUSIACEAE* THEACEAE Stamens numerous; Calyx valvate. MALVACEAE* (Anthers 1-celled) STERCULIACEAE TILIACEAE. DISCIFLORAE – Ovary superior, immersed in disk of flower. Ovule pendulous, raphe ventral;multiple series of stamens. LINACEAE; GERANIACEAE*; RUTACEAE Ovule pendulous, raphe dorsal OLACACEAE; AQUIFOLIACEAE*. Ovule erect, raphe ventral CELASTRACEAE; RHAMNACEAE*; VITACEAE. Ovule ascending, raphe ventral to reversed SAPINDACEAE*; ANACARDIACEAE CALYCIFLORAE – Stamens fused to Calyx of flower Ovaries separate, rarely united LEGUMINOSAE ROSACEAE* [SAXIFRAGALES. Carpels ±fused, separate styles: SAXIFRAGACEAE* (2 carps) CRASSULACEAE (5-6 carps) HAMAMELIDACEAE (2)] [: HYDRANGEACEAE – opp leaves, syncarpous. ESCALLONIACEAE – alt leaves dry pod => ASTERIDS Ovary syncarpous; divided into locules. MYRTACEAE (stamens numerous) LYTHRACEAE* ONAGRACEAE*. Ovary syncarpous; Parietal placentation LOASACEAE; TURNERACEAE; PASSIFLORACEAE; CUCURBITACEAE*; BEGONIACEAE; DATISCACEAE. Ficoidales – Ovary syncarpous; sub-basal placentation [the basal placentation is critical in placing these families among the Caryophyllids see above] CACTACEAE; AIZOACEAE.] Umbellales – Ovary syncarpous; 1 ovule per locule. [these families belong amongst the basal Asterids. Inferior ovaries but with separate petals] UMBELLIFERAE (2-locules); ARALIACEAE (5-locules); CORNACEAE. .

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Appendix 1 Vernacular Names
Appendix 1 Vernacular Names The vernacular names listed below have been collected from the literature. Few have phonetic spellings. Spelling is not helped by the difficulties of transcribing unwritten languages into European syllables and Roman script. Some languages have several names for the same species. Further complications arise from the various dialects and corruptions within a language, and use of names borrowed from other languages. Where the people are bilingual the person recording the name may fail to check which language it comes from. For example, in northern Sahel where Arabic is the lingua franca, the recorded names, supposedly Arabic, include a number from local languages. Sometimes the same name may be used for several species. For example, kiri is the Susu name for both Adansonia digitata and Drypetes afzelii. There is nothing unusual about such complications. For example, Grigson (1955) cites 52 English synonyms for the common dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) in the British Isles, and also mentions several examples of the same vernacular name applying to different species. Even Theophrastus in c. 300 BC complained that there were three plants called strykhnos, which were edible, soporific or hallucinogenic (Hort 1916). Languages and history are linked and it is hoped that understanding how lan- guages spread will lead to the discovery of the historical origins of some of the vernacular names for the baobab. The classification followed here is that of Gordon (2005) updated and edited by Blench (2005, personal communication). Alternative family names are shown in square brackets, dialects in parenthesis. Superscript Arabic numbers refer to references to the vernacular names; Roman numbers refer to further information in Section 4.
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