Appendix 1 Vernacular Names
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Plant Common Name Scientific Name Description of Plant Picture of Plant
Plant common name Description of Plant Picture of Plant Scientific name Strangler Fig The Strangler Fig begins life as a small vine-like plant Ficus thonningii that climbs the nearest large tree and then thickens, produces a branching set of buttressing aerial roots, and strangles its host tree. An easy way to tell the difference between Strangle Figs and other common figs is that the bottom half of the Strangler is gnarled and twisted where it used to be attached to its host, the upper half smooth. A common tree on kopjes and along rivers in Serengeti; two massive Fig trees near Serengeti; the "Tree Where Man was Born" in southern Loliondo, and the "Ancestor Tree" near Endulin, in Ngorongoro are significant for the local Maasai peoples. Wild Date Palm Palms are monocotyledons, the veins in their leaves Phoenix reclinata are parallel and unbranched, and are thus relatives of grasses, lilies, bananas and orchids. The wild Date Palm is the most common of the native palm trees, occurring along rivers and in swamps. The fruits are edible, though horrible tasting, while the thick, sugary sap is made into Palm wine. The tree offers a pleasant, softly rustling, fragrant-smelling shade; the sort of shade you will need to rest in if you try the wine. Candelabra The Candelabra tree is a common tree in the western Euphorbia and Northern parts of Serengeti. Like all Euphorbias, Euphorbia the Candelabra breaks easily and is full of white, candelabrum extremely toxic latex. One drop of this latex can blind or burn the skin. -
A Consideration of 'Nomina Subnuda'
51 February 2002: 171–174 Brummitt Nomina subnuda NOMENCLATURE Edited by John McNeill Aconsideration of “nomina subnuda” R. K. Brummitt The Herbarium, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AE, U.K. E-mail: r.brummitt@ rbkew.org.uk. Many names were originally published with very kind as those seen at Vansittart Bay last year; the arbores- short or non-technical descriptions, and it is often un- cent gouty species of this genus ( Capparis gibbosa , A. clear whether these meet the requirements of Art. 32.1 Cunn.) which was first observed on the shores of (c) for valid publication. Such names are often referred to Cambridge Gulf, is frequent here, growing to an enor- as “nomina subnuda”. The Committee for Spermato- mous size, and laden with large fruit”. Of the present phyta, in considering proposals to conserve or reject, has Committee, five said that they would treat the name as often had to decide whether to accept such names as valid, while eight said they would not (two not voting). validly published or not. Current examples include The name later turned out to be an earlier synonym of Proposal 1400 to reject Capparis gibbosa A. Cunn. (see Adansonia gregorii F. Muell. (in a different family from below). Furthermore, although there is no provision in Capparis), and a proposal to reject C. gibbosa A. Cunn. the Code for committee recommendations in such cases (Prop. 1400) was published by Paul G. Wilson & G. P. (as there is under Art. 53.5, in deciding whether two sim- Guymer in Taxon 48: 175–176 (1999). -
SEED LEAFLET No
SEED LEAFLET No. 84 September 2003 Baikiaea plurijuga Harms Taxonomy and nomenclature Botanical description Family: Fabaceae (Caesalpinioideae) A medium to large tree, 8-15 (20) m tall, with a large, Synonyms: none. dense, spreading crown. The bark is smooth and pale Vernacular/common names: Rhodesian teak, Zambe- at first, on older trees becoming fissured and cracked. zi teak, Zambezi redwood, Zimbabwean teak, Zambian Leaves are alternate and compound with 4 to 5 pairs teak (Eng.); mukusi (Botswana and Zambia); Rhode- of opposite leaflets. Each leaflet is up to 7 cm long, siese kiaat (South Africa); Zimbabwean teak, Zimbab- sparingly hairy especially on the lower surface and wean chestnut, umgusi, mukusi (Zimbabwe). midrib; the tip is rounded. The large, pink flowers are very attractive; they are borne in up to 30 cm long Distribution and habitat inflorescences. The species is confined to lowland tropical forests on the deep Kalahari sands between 13 and 20°S. It oc- curs naturally in Angola, Botswana, Namibia, Zambia and Zimbabwe, in areas with annual rainfall of 600- 1000 mm and a dry season of 6-8 months. Mature trees can withstand extreme temperatures of over 40°C and have been known to survive severe frost down to -15°C. It is mainly found in deep, infertile, sandy soils where it survives by developing a deep tap root. During the last century, most of the original Zambesi teak forests have been heavily exploited by logging, clearing of land for agriculture and frequent fires and the species is now mainly found in open, dry, deciduous woodland. The species is most typically associated with Pterocarpus angolensis, Julbernardia paniculata, Dialium englerianum. -
An Updated Review of Adansonia Digitata: a Commercially Important African Tree ⁎ G.P.P
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com South African Journal of Botany 77 (2011) 908–919 www.elsevier.com/locate/sajb An updated review of Adansonia digitata: A commercially important African tree ⁎ G.P.P. Kamatou, I. Vermaak, A.M. Viljoen Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa Abstract Adansonia digitata L. (Malvaceae) is a majestic tree revered in Africa for its medicinal and nutritional value. The plant parts are used to treat various ailments such as diarrhoea, malaria and microbial infections. It is reported that it is an excellent anti-oxidant due to the vitamin C content which is seven to ten times higher than the vitamin C content of oranges. Baobab has numerous biological properties including antimicrobial, anti- viral, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities amongst others. Phytochemical investigation revealed the presence of flavonoids, phytosterols, amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins and minerals. The seeds are a source of significant quantities of lysine, thiamine, calcium and iron. Baobab is an important commodity which is integral to the livelihood of rural communities. In addition, the global demand for baobab raw material (e.g. seed oil, fruit pulp) by the food and beverage, nutraceutical and cosmetic industries has increased dramatically in recent years thereby increasing the commercial value and importance of this coveted African tree. In the past few years, there has been an increased demand for non-timber forest products (NTFPs), specifically baobab seed oil for inclusion in cosmetic formulations due to its high fatty acid composition. This review summa- rises the botanical aspects, ethnobotany, phytochemistry, biological properties and most importantly the nutritional value and commercial impor- tance of baobab products. -
Tuareg Music and Capitalist Reckonings in Niger a Dissertation Submitted
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Rhythms of Value: Tuareg Music and Capitalist Reckonings in Niger A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Ethnomusicology by Eric James Schmidt 2018 © Copyright by Eric James Schmidt 2018 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Rhythms of Value: Tuareg Music and Capitalist Reckonings in Niger by Eric James Schmidt Doctor of Philosophy in Ethnomusicology University of California, Los Angeles, 2018 Professor Timothy D. Taylor, Chair This dissertation examines how Tuareg people in Niger use music to reckon with their increasing but incomplete entanglement in global neoliberal capitalism. I argue that a variety of social actors—Tuareg musicians, fans, festival organizers, and government officials, as well as music producers from Europe and North America—have come to regard Tuareg music as a resource by which to realize economic, political, and other social ambitions. Such treatment of culture-as-resource is intimately linked to the global expansion of neoliberal capitalism, which has led individual and collective subjects around the world to take on a more entrepreneurial nature by exploiting representations of their identities for a variety of ends. While Tuareg collective identity has strongly been tied to an economy of pastoralism and caravan trade, the contemporary moment demands a reimagining of what it means to be, and to survive as, Tuareg. Since the 1970s, cycles of drought, entrenched poverty, and periodic conflicts have pushed more and more Tuaregs to pursue wage labor in cities across northwestern Africa or to work as trans- ii Saharan smugglers; meanwhile, tourism expanded from the 1980s into one of the region’s biggest industries by drawing on pastoralist skills while capitalizing on strategic essentialisms of Tuareg culture and identity. -
Investigating the Impact of Fire on the Natural Regeneration of Woody Species in Dry and Wet Miombo Woodland
Investigating the impact of fire on the natural regeneration of woody species in dry and wet Miombo woodland by Paul Mwansa Thesis presented in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science of Forestry and Natural Resource Science in the Faculty of AgriSciences at Stellenbosch University Supervisor: Prof Ben du Toit Co-supervisor: Dr Vera De Cauwer March 2018 Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za Declaration By submitting this thesis electronically, I declare that the entirety of the work contained therein is my own, original work, that I am the sole author thereof (save to the extent explicitly otherwise stated), that reproduction and publication thereof by Stellenbosch University will not infringe any third party rights and that I have not previously in its entirety or in part submitted it for obtaining any qualification. March 2018 Copyright © 2018 Stellenbosch University All rights reserved i Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za Abstract The miombo woodland is an extensive tropical seasonal woodland and dry forest formation in extent of 2.7 million km². The woodland contributes highly to maintenance and improvement of people’s livelihood security and stable growth of national economies. The woodland faces a wide range of disturbances including fire that affect vegetation structure. An investigation into the impact of fire on the natural regeneration of six tree species was conducted along a rainfall gradient. Baikiaea plurijuga, Burkea africana, Guibourtia coleosperma, Pterocarpus angolensis, Schinziophyton rautanenii and Terminalia sericea were selected on basis of being an important timber and/or utilitarian species, and the assumed abundance. The objectives of the study were to examine floristic composition, density and composition of natural regeneration; stand structure and vegetation cover within recently burnt (RB) and recently unburnt (RU) sections of the forest. -
Baobab (Not Boabab) Species General Background Germinating
Baobab (not Boabab) Species Baobab is the common name of a genus (Adansonia) with eightspecies of trees, 6 species in Madagascar; 1 in Africa and 1 in Australia. Adansonia gregorii (A.gibbosa) or Australian Baobab (northwest Australia) Adansonia madaf Zascariensis or Madagascar Baobab (Madagascar) Adansonia perrieri or Perrier's Baobab (North Madagascar) Adansonia rubrostipa or Fony Baobab (Madagascar) Adansonia suarezensis or Suarez Baobab Diego Suarez,(Madagascar) Adansonia za or Za Baobab (Madagascar) The name Adansonia honours Michel Adanson, the French naturalist and explorer who described A. digitata. General Background One of the earliest written references to the Baobab tree was made by the Arabic traveller, Al-Bakari in 1068. In 1592, the Venetian herbalist and physician, Prospero Alpino, reported a fruit in the markets of Cairo as "BU HUBAB". It is believed that the name is derived from the Arabic word Bu Hibab which means fruit with many seeds. Common names include bottle tree and monkey bread tree. Baobab - derived from African fokelore "upside-down-tree". The story is after the creation each of the animals were given a tree to plant and the stupid hyena planted the baobab upside-down. The baobab is the national tree of Madagascar. Height is 5-25m tall and trunk diameter of up to 7m. The Baobab can store up to 120 000 lt of water inside the swollen trunk to endure harsh drought conditions. All occur in seasonal arid areas and are deciduous, losing leaves during dry season. It is believed that the elephant must digest the seed before it will germinate as the heat and stomach acids help to soften the shell. -
Baobab (Adansonia Digitata L.): a Review on a Multipurpose Tree with Promising Future in the Sudan
Gartenbauwissenschaft, 67 (4). S. 155–160, 2002, ISSN 0016–478X. © Verlag Eugen Ulmer GmbH & Co., Stuttgart Baobab (Adansonia digitata L.): a Review on a Multipurpose Tree with Promising Future in the Sudan Baobab (Adansonia digitata L.): Ein Überblick über eine vielseitig verwendbare Baumart mit guten Zukunftsaussichten für den Sudan J. Gebauer1), K. El-Siddig2) and G. Ebert1) (1)Institut für Gartenbauwissenschaften, Fachgebiet Obstbau, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany and2)Agricultural Research Corporation, Gezira Research Station, Sudan) Summary staunlich wenig über die Baumphänologie, Blütenbio- Africa has abundant wild plants and cultivated native logie, den Anbau sowie die Diversität bekannt. species with great agronomic and commercial potential In diesem Artikel werden unterschiedliche Aspekte as food crops. However, many of these species, particu- wie Botanik, Ökologie, Herkunft, Vermehrung, Nut- larly the fruits and nuts, have not been promoted or re- zungsmöglichkeiten, Auslese wertvoller Herkünfte sowie searched and therefore remain under-utilized. More- besonders seine Bedeutung für Ernährung und Armuts- over, many of these species face the danger of loss due linderung im Sudan diskutiert. to increasing human impact on ecosystems. Sudan, as in many other African countries, is en- Introduction dowed with a range of edapho-climatic conditions that favor the establishment of many plant species, most of Arid and semi-arid Africa is blessed with various tree, which are adapted to specific ecological zones. Among palm and shrub species which provide shade, give an these plants is the baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) which aesthetic sight, or offer fruits, tannins, gums, resins, oils is a fruit-producing tree belonging to the family Bom- or extracts and pharmaceutical products (STEPPLER and bacaceae. -
Samara Newsletter July & August 2020
SamaraThe International Newsletter of the Millennium Seed Bank Partnership Special issue featuring projects and research from The Global Tree Seed Bank Programme, funded by the Garfield Weston Foundation August/September 2020 Issue 35 ISSN 1475-8245 Juglans pyriformis in the State of Veracruz Conserving and investigating native tree seeds to support community-based reforestation initiatives in Mexico Veracruz Pronatura Photo: Mexico is the fourth richest country in the world in terms of plant Millennium Seed Bank. Seed research has species diversity, after Brazil, China, and Colombia with a flora of been carried out on 314 species to study ca. 23,000 vascular plants. Around half of the plant species are their tolerance to desiccation for seed endemic and nearly 3,500 are trees. banking and to determine germination requirements to inform propagation activities. One of the key project species ELENA CASTILLO-LORENZO (Latin America Projects Coordinator, RBG Kew), MICHAEL WAY is Cedrela odorata (Spanish cedar), whose (Conservation Partnership Coordinator (Americas, RBG Kew) & TIZIANA ULIAN (Senior Research conservation status is vulnerable (IUCN Leader – Diversity and Livelihoods, RBG Kew) 2020) due to exploitation for its highly Trees and forests provide multiple goods Iztacala of the Universidad Autónoma valued wood. C. odorata is also used for and benefits for humans, such as high- de México (Fes-I UNAM). The aim medicinal purposes by local communities quality wood, fruit, honey, and other of this project was to conserve tree in Mexico, with the leaves being prepared ecosystem services, including clean water, species through a collaborative research in herbal tea to treat toothache, earache, prevention of soil erosion and mitigation of programme focusing on endemic, and intestinal infections. -
Anogeissus Acuminata (Roxb) Wall Ex Bedd in Vitro
International Journal of Complementary & Alternative Medicine Review Article Open Access Detection of free radical scavenging activity of dhaura, anogeissus acuminata (roxb) wall ex bedd in vitro Abstract Volume 12 Issue 4 - 2019 The free radical inhibitory activity of Dhaura, Anogeissus acuminata extracted in chloroform, ethanol and water was investigated in vitro. The DPPH inhibition by the Ganesh Chandra Jagetia, Zairempuii different stem extract depended on the concentration and the ethanol extract was found Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, India to be the most potent as the lower concentration of it was most effective in scavenging Correspondence: Ganesh Chandra Jagetia, Department of different free radicals. The analysis of superoxide radical scavenging activity showed that Zoology, Mizoram University, India, Email the aqueous extract was most effective when compared to chloroform and ethanol extracts. The different extracts of Dhaura also inhibited the generation of nitric oxide radical Received: August 5, 2019 | Published: August 27, 2019 depending on its concentration and maximum effect was observed at 200μg/ml. Our study indicates that free radical scavenging activity of Dhaura affirms the medicinal use by the practitioners of folklore medicine. Keywords: anogeissus acuminata, DPPH, superoxide, nitric oxide, endoplasmic reticulum, peroxisomes, mitochondria Abbreviations: EDTA, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; enlargement of spleen cold, dysuria, cough, excessive perspiration, 15 NBT, nitrobluetetrazolium; TCA, trichloroacetic acid; NED, N–(1– cholera, urinary disorders, snake bite and in scorpion sting. The Naphthyl)ethylenediamine dihydrochloride gum produced by Dhaura is called Ghatti or Indian gum and is used as a tonic after delivery.15,16 The preclinical studies have shown the Introduction alleviation of alloxan–induced diabetes in rats.17. -
Ohara\Catalogues\World Genera\Tach
WORLD GENERA OF THE TACHINIDAE (DIPTERA) AND THEIR REGIONAL OCCURRENCE by James E. O’Hara1 23 February 2005 Version 1.0 ________________________ 1 Invertebrate Biodiversity, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1A 0C6. E-mail: [email protected]. TABLE OF CONTENTS Click on a page number to go to the page indicated Foreword ............................................................................................................................... 2 Biogeographic summary ....................................................................................................... 3 Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................... 3 Table of genera and their regional occurrence ...................................................................... 4 References ........................................................................................................................... 66 Select a letter to go directly to corresponding genus in list of world genera A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z FOREWORD The following table is a listing of the tachinid genera of the world with their regional occurrence. It was compiled from the generic names and distributions given in the most recent regional catalogues, as listed here, and brought up-to-date using information from subsequently published papers. Regional catalogues Nearctic Region O’Hara & Wood (2004) Neotropical -
GENETIC DIVERSITY and PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS of Adansonia Spp. in the KENYA/TANZANIA TRANSECT
UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI. GENETIC DIVERSITY AND PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF Adansonia Spp. IN THE KENYA/TANZANIA TRANSECT. BY CATHERINE WAMBUI KAMAU I56/71711/2014 Center for Biotechnology and Bioinformatics College of Biological and Physical sciences The University of Nairobi A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment for the degree of Master of Science in Biotechnology in the Center for Biotechnology and Bioinformatics (CEBIB) University of Nairobi. November 2016 DECLARATION This thesis is my original work and has not been presented for a degree in any other University. Catherine Wambui Kamau I56/71711/2014 University of Nairobi Signature: ____________________ Date __________________ APPROVED BY This thesis has been submitted for examination with our approval as supervisors Dr. Edward Muge Department of Biochemistry, University of Nairobi Signature____________________ Date_________________ Dr. George Obiero Director, Centre for Biotechnology and Bioinformatics University of Nairobi Signature____________________ Date_________________ Dr. Alice Muchugi, PhD Genebank Manager, Genetic Resources Unit, World Agroforestry Centre Signature____________________ Date________________ i DEDICATION To my family and dear friend, Louis Njora for their support and encouragement. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost, I want to thank the Almighty God, in whom I have found the strength, will, health and guidance to make this research a success. To my family and dear friends, I thank you for your love, prayers, encouragement and support. Secondly, I want to acknowledge my supervisors, Dr. Edward Muge and Dr. George Obiero, who have provided me with technical insights, critic and much needed guidance. This work would not have been possible without the support of my supervisor Dr. Alice Muchugi and the World Agroforestry Centre. Thank you so much for offering me this opportunity.