Baobab (Adansonia Digitata L.): a Review on a Multipurpose Tree with Promising Future in the Sudan
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An Updated Review of Adansonia Digitata: a Commercially Important African Tree ⁎ G.P.P
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com South African Journal of Botany 77 (2011) 908–919 www.elsevier.com/locate/sajb An updated review of Adansonia digitata: A commercially important African tree ⁎ G.P.P. Kamatou, I. Vermaak, A.M. Viljoen Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa Abstract Adansonia digitata L. (Malvaceae) is a majestic tree revered in Africa for its medicinal and nutritional value. The plant parts are used to treat various ailments such as diarrhoea, malaria and microbial infections. It is reported that it is an excellent anti-oxidant due to the vitamin C content which is seven to ten times higher than the vitamin C content of oranges. Baobab has numerous biological properties including antimicrobial, anti- viral, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities amongst others. Phytochemical investigation revealed the presence of flavonoids, phytosterols, amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins and minerals. The seeds are a source of significant quantities of lysine, thiamine, calcium and iron. Baobab is an important commodity which is integral to the livelihood of rural communities. In addition, the global demand for baobab raw material (e.g. seed oil, fruit pulp) by the food and beverage, nutraceutical and cosmetic industries has increased dramatically in recent years thereby increasing the commercial value and importance of this coveted African tree. In the past few years, there has been an increased demand for non-timber forest products (NTFPs), specifically baobab seed oil for inclusion in cosmetic formulations due to its high fatty acid composition. This review summa- rises the botanical aspects, ethnobotany, phytochemistry, biological properties and most importantly the nutritional value and commercial impor- tance of baobab products. -
Adansonia Grandidieri
The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ ISSN 2307-8235 (online) IUCN 2008: T30388A64007143 Adansonia grandidieri Assessment by: Ravaomanalina, H. & Razafimanahaka, J. View on www.iucnredlist.org Citation: Ravaomanalina, H. & Razafimanahaka, J. 2016. Adansonia grandidieri. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T30388A64007143. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016- 2.RLTS.T30388A64007143.en Copyright: © 2016 International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Reproduction of this publication for educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorized without prior written permission from the copyright holder provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of this publication for resale, reposting or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written permission from the copyright holder. For further details see Terms of Use. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ is produced and managed by the IUCN Global Species Programme, the IUCN Species Survival Commission (SSC) and The IUCN Red List Partnership. The IUCN Red List Partners are: BirdLife International; Botanic Gardens Conservation International; Conservation International; Microsoft; NatureServe; Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Sapienza University of Rome; Texas A&M University; Wildscreen; and Zoological Society of London. If you see any errors or have any questions or suggestions on what is shown in this document, please provide us with feedback so that we can correct or extend the information provided. THE IUCN RED LIST OF THREATENED -
Baobab (Not Boabab) Species General Background Germinating
Baobab (not Boabab) Species Baobab is the common name of a genus (Adansonia) with eightspecies of trees, 6 species in Madagascar; 1 in Africa and 1 in Australia. Adansonia gregorii (A.gibbosa) or Australian Baobab (northwest Australia) Adansonia madaf Zascariensis or Madagascar Baobab (Madagascar) Adansonia perrieri or Perrier's Baobab (North Madagascar) Adansonia rubrostipa or Fony Baobab (Madagascar) Adansonia suarezensis or Suarez Baobab Diego Suarez,(Madagascar) Adansonia za or Za Baobab (Madagascar) The name Adansonia honours Michel Adanson, the French naturalist and explorer who described A. digitata. General Background One of the earliest written references to the Baobab tree was made by the Arabic traveller, Al-Bakari in 1068. In 1592, the Venetian herbalist and physician, Prospero Alpino, reported a fruit in the markets of Cairo as "BU HUBAB". It is believed that the name is derived from the Arabic word Bu Hibab which means fruit with many seeds. Common names include bottle tree and monkey bread tree. Baobab - derived from African fokelore "upside-down-tree". The story is after the creation each of the animals were given a tree to plant and the stupid hyena planted the baobab upside-down. The baobab is the national tree of Madagascar. Height is 5-25m tall and trunk diameter of up to 7m. The Baobab can store up to 120 000 lt of water inside the swollen trunk to endure harsh drought conditions. All occur in seasonal arid areas and are deciduous, losing leaves during dry season. It is believed that the elephant must digest the seed before it will germinate as the heat and stomach acids help to soften the shell. -
GENETIC DIVERSITY and PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS of Adansonia Spp. in the KENYA/TANZANIA TRANSECT
UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI. GENETIC DIVERSITY AND PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF Adansonia Spp. IN THE KENYA/TANZANIA TRANSECT. BY CATHERINE WAMBUI KAMAU I56/71711/2014 Center for Biotechnology and Bioinformatics College of Biological and Physical sciences The University of Nairobi A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment for the degree of Master of Science in Biotechnology in the Center for Biotechnology and Bioinformatics (CEBIB) University of Nairobi. November 2016 DECLARATION This thesis is my original work and has not been presented for a degree in any other University. Catherine Wambui Kamau I56/71711/2014 University of Nairobi Signature: ____________________ Date __________________ APPROVED BY This thesis has been submitted for examination with our approval as supervisors Dr. Edward Muge Department of Biochemistry, University of Nairobi Signature____________________ Date_________________ Dr. George Obiero Director, Centre for Biotechnology and Bioinformatics University of Nairobi Signature____________________ Date_________________ Dr. Alice Muchugi, PhD Genebank Manager, Genetic Resources Unit, World Agroforestry Centre Signature____________________ Date________________ i DEDICATION To my family and dear friend, Louis Njora for their support and encouragement. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost, I want to thank the Almighty God, in whom I have found the strength, will, health and guidance to make this research a success. To my family and dear friends, I thank you for your love, prayers, encouragement and support. Secondly, I want to acknowledge my supervisors, Dr. Edward Muge and Dr. George Obiero, who have provided me with technical insights, critic and much needed guidance. This work would not have been possible without the support of my supervisor Dr. Alice Muchugi and the World Agroforestry Centre. Thank you so much for offering me this opportunity. -
The Miombo Ecoregion Areas of Biological Importance
THE MIOMBO ECOREGION AREAS OF BIOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE J.R. Timberlake, F.P.D. Cotterill, P.J. Mundy, D.G. Broadley, B. Marshall, A.J. Gardiner & M. Fitzpatrick September 2001 (published 2018) Occasional Publications in Biodiversity No. 21 THE MIOMBO ECOREGION: AREAS OF BIOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE J.R. Timberlake, F.P.D. Cotterill, P.J. Mundy, D.G. Broadley†, B. Marshall, A.J. Gardiner & M. Fitzpatrick September 2001 (revised February 2018) Occasional Publications in Biodiversity No. 21 Biodiversity Foundation for Africa P.O. Box FM730, Famona, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe Miombo Ecoregion: Areas of Biological Importance, page 2 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The maps were produced at the request of the Southern Africa Programme Office of the WorldWide Fund for Nature (WWF SARPO) under their Miombo Ecoregion project, funding for which was provided by WWF US. Particular thanks are due to the Regional Representative, Harrison Kojwang, and to the Programme Officer, Fortune Shonhiwa, who ran the project. We also wish to thank Heather Whitham in the Biodiversity Foundation for Africa for administrative support. The GIS versions of the maps, originally drawn manually, were digitised at the University of Botswana's Harry Oppenheimer Okavango Research Centre in Maun, Botswana, with financial support from Conservation International through their Wilderness Programme. Particular thanks are due to Mike Murray-Hudson and Leo Braak for making this possible. Final GIS maps were designed, drawn and checked by Ed Lim (Eastbourne, UK). Each map was compiled by a BFA specialist, with the -
Ngwedi Substation Ground Truthing for Environmental Management Plan
Ngwedi Substation Ground Truthing for Environmental Management Plan by Samuel David Laurence Ecologist [email protected] EXECUTIVE SUMMARY An Environmental Management Program (EMPR) was carried out between the proposed Ngwedi (Mogwase) Substation and associated transmission power line turn-ins in August 2012. The focus of the study was on-site substation specific verification as well as overall habitat assessment On site mitigation measures were provided.. Identified protected trees for the area include Maroela, Tamboti, Baobab, Leadwood, Camel Thorn and Sheppard Bush. No protected species were found within the substation footprint. The substation footprint is situated on an area of low sensitivity. However, peripheral activities such as road construction need to take into account surrounding sensitive habitats. TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................................. 4 Terms of Reference ..................................................................................................................................................................... 5 BACKGROUND INFORMATION ................................................................................................................................................. 5 1.1 Location and Land use .............................................................................................................................................. -