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ISSN: 1533-2535 Volume 4 No. 2 Fall 2004 Research Articles Welcome to the Fall 2004 issue of Security and Defense Estados débiles y espacios vacíos. El caso chileno – PDF Studies Review, the Interdisciplinary Journal of the Center Cristián Garay Vera for Hemispheric Defense Studies. Abstract Biography Bienvenido a la edición de otoño de 2004 de Security and Defense Studies Review, the Interdisciplinary Journal of the Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies. A Defesa Brasileiro e o Orçamento – PDF Bem vindo a edição do outono de 2004 da Security and João Henrique Pederiva Defense Studies Review, the Interdisciplinary Journal of the Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies. Abstract Biography Message from the Editor La disputa subestimada: Decisiones y oportunidades en el Editors and Editorial Board conflicto por las Islas Malvinas – Falklands – PDF Gabriel Urchipia y José Torres Abstract Biography Archive Editions Spring 2004 Summer 2002 Fall 2003 Winter 2001 Spring 2003 Spring 2001 Winter 2002/2003 Essays Security and Defense Studies Review is currently accepting Democratic Governments and the Military in Latin America: Brazil submissions for 2005 issues. Click here for more in a Comparative Perspective – PDF information. Maria Celina D’Araujo Abstract Biography Security and Defense Studies Review está aceptando manuscritos para el 2005. Pulsa aquí para más información. Considerações Sobre o Curso de Política e Estratégia Marítimas da Marinha do Brasil – PDF Cláudio de C. Silveira Security and Defense Studies Review esta aceitando manuscritos para publicação nas edicãos para 2005. Abstract Biography Clique aqui para mais informação. Journal of Homeland Security (Reprinted by Permission of the Canadian Defence and Foreign Journal of Military and Strategic Studies Affairs Institute) National Defense, National Interest: Sovereignty, Security and Journals In International & Area Studies Canadian Military Capability in the Post 9/11 World – PDF Journal of Political Science (Chile) Centre for Military and Strategic Studies Articles published in Security and Defense Studies Review are reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without express permission of the author. Security and Defense Studies Review must be cited as the source of original publication for articles appearing here. [ Back ] title.gif Editors and Editorial Board Editor Richard D. Downie, Ph. D. Director, CHDS Senior Editor Herb Huser, Ph. D. Professor (Retired) of National Security Studies Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies Editorial Board Raúl Benítez Manaut Investigador Centro de Investigaciones Interdisciplinarias en Ciencias y Humanidades Universidad Autónoma de México Ignacio Cosidó Gutiérrez Jefe de Gabinete de la Guardia Civil Ministerio del Interior, España Rut Diamint Profesora Universidad Torcuato di Tella, Argentina J. Samuel Fitch Professor and Chair Department of Political Science University of Colorado at Boulder Ivelaw Griffith Provost and Professor of Political Science Radford University Hal Klepak Professor of War Studies and Latin America History Royal Military College of Canada General (R) Edgardo Mercado Jarrín Universidad Científica del Sur, Perú Richard Millett Professor Emeritus Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville Eliezer Rizzo de Oliveira Profesor Núcleo de Estudos Estratégicos Universidade de Campinas, São Paolo, Brasil José A. Olmeda Subdirector Instituto Universitario General Gutiérrez Mellado Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, España Guillermo A. Pacheco Gaitán Instituto de Relaciones Internacionales e Investigaciones para la Paz (IRIPAZ) Guatemala David Pion-Berlin Professor of Political Science University of California, Riverside Domício Proença Profesor Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro GEE-COPPE/UFRJ Managing Editor Linda Denning Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies [ Back ] title.gif ISSN: 1533-2535 Volume 5 No. 1 Spring 2005 Message from the Editor Dear Colleagues, With this issue of the Security and Defense Studies Review, CHDS initiates what we believe will become a frequent part of the electronic journal’s offering, a Special Edition. This issue is composed of articles and essays that reflect the results of a research project undertaken by CHDS at the suggestion of the Office of the Undersecretary of Defense for Policy of the Department of Defense. The project is entitled “Capacity Building for Peacekeeping in Latin America and the Caribbean: The Case of Haiti.” Our Research Director, Dr. John Fishel, assisted by Associate Research Professor Andrés Saenz, assembled a team of researchers from the countries participating in the Haiti peacekeeping mission since early 2004. This team produced the works that are captured in this volume. The researchers’ efforts reflect the variety of perspectives that each participating country brought to the peacekeeping operation (PKO). The editors have also included introductory and concluding pieces that add coherence and significance to the individual research efforts, and suggest ideas that may enhance future such missions by Western Hemisphere countries in a combined operational environment. We have chosen this forum, the electronic journal of CHDS, to make the results of this research available to the wider community of influence and interest in a timely manner. The project directors have served as the guest editors of this volume. We believe it will make a useful contribution to better understanding PKO in general and by Western Hemisphere countries in particular. Moreover, we hope that it will be helpful in evaluating PKO Haiti and enhancing lessons learned for future peacekeeping operations. As always, your readers’ comments are invited with respect to both the content of this edition and the value of the format for Security and Defense Studies Review readers and contributors. Cordially, Richard D. Downie, Ph. D. Director, CHDS [ Back ] title.gif ISSN: 1533-2535 Volume 4 No. 2 Fall 2004 Estados débiles y espacios vacíos. El caso chileno Cristián Garay Vera Cristián Garay Vera es profesor asistente del Instituto de Estudios Avanzados (IDEA) de la Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH) e investigador del Departamento de Investigación y de Desarrollo de la Academia de Guerra del Ejército de Chile. Es Doctor en Estudios Americanos con mención en relaciones internacionales en la Universidad de Santiago de Chile (2002). Además tiene los grados de Licenciado y Magíster por la Universidad de Chile. Es coordinador de la “Cátedra Manuel Bulnes sobre seguridad, defensa y sociedad” del IDEA-USACH. Ha escrito más de 60 artículos especializados publicados en Chile, Argentina, Bolivia, España, y ha escrito seis libros, el último de los cuales es Políticas de Defensa Nacional en el MERCOSUR y asociados (Santiago, 2003). Es alumni de los cursos del CHDS en Washington (2003) y Asunción (2004). [email protected] Cristián Garay Vera is an assistant professor at the Institute of Advanced Studies (IDEA) of the University of Santiago, Chile (USACH) and a researcher at the Department of Research and of Development of the Chilean Army War Academy. He holds a Doctorate in American Studies with mention in International Relations from the University of Santiago, Chile (2002). He also holds Bachelors and Masters degrees from the University of Chile. He is a coordinator for the “Manuel Bulnes Cátedra on Security, Defense and Society” at the IDEA-USACH. He has written more than 60 specialized articles published in Chile, Argentina, Bolivia, Spain, and six books, the latest of which is Políticas de Defensa Nacional en el MERCOSUR y asociados [National Defense Policies in Mercosur and Associates] (Santiago, 2003). He is an alumni of CHDS courses in Washington (2003) and Asunción (2004). [email protected] [ Back ] Estados débiles y espacios vacíos. El caso chileno Cristián Garay Vera1 Coordinador de la Cátedra Manuel Bulnes sobre Seguridad, defensa y sociedad Universidad de Santiago de Chile El estado de la cuestión Existe una fuerte tendencia en los estudios internacionales y del conflicto ha discutir el tema de los áreas sin ley en el marco del colapso del Estado periférico. Casos como el de Somalia han sido modelos paradigmáticos en la imagen que Robert Kaplan ha caracterizado con el retorno de la era de los guerreros. Por otro lado existe una tradición, indiscutible, de situar entre los autores anglosajones a América Latina en la periferia del primer mundo y de la civilización Occidental, expresiva en autores como Samuel P. Huntington. Es decir como una civilización aparte y no como parte de Occidente o prolongación de la cultura luso-hispana en ultramar, equivalente al fenómeno de los franceses o británicos en Norteamérica. Esto tiene directa relación con la pertinencia del concepto de área sin ley, en cuanto se pueda aplicar indistintamente en América Latina a áreas que aparentemente tienen en común elementos comunes a otros espacios “sin gobierno”: es decir a zonas con baja densidad poblacional como la Patagonia chilena y argentina. Esta perspectiva ha chocado con que un primer intento ha estado orientado a identificar áreas sin ley en América Latina, tales como la Triple Frontera, la frontera colombo-venezolana o zonas de Centroamérica dominadas por la droga, las bandas paramilitares, y las organizaciones criminales. Nuestro análisis, en cambio, enfatiza la necesidad de cotejar las tipologías de este tipo y ver que grado de utilidad empírica proporcionan al análisis de otras zonas vacías, con baja presencia estatal, pero que a nuestro