Tropical Agricultural Research and Higher Education Center (CATIE)
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
THE EVOLUTION of SEED MORPHOLOGY in DOMESTICATED Chenopodium: an ARCHAEOLOGICAL CASE STUDY
]. Ethnobiol. 13(2):149-169 Winter 1993 THE EVOLUTION OF SEED MORPHOLOGY IN DOMESTICATED Chenopodium: AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL CASE STUDY KRISTEN }. GREMILLION Department of Anthropology The Ohio Stute University Columbus, OH 43210-1364 ABSTRACf.-A large body of data on several key morphological characters has been compiled through examination of collections of archaeological Chenopodium from eastern North America. Contrary to expectations based on change in certain other seed crops, the patterns of variation observed in Chenopodium do not reflect a gradual evolution of seed morphology away from the wild type. Evidence for decreasing levels of morphological variability in the evolving domesticate is like wise minimal. These findings demonstrate that the rate and character of crop evolution as revealed in the archaeological record can be expected to vary consid erably among taxa. RESUMEN.-Se ha compilado un extenso ouerpo de datos sobre varios carac teres morfol6gicos clave mediante el examen de colecciones de Chenopodium arqueol6gico del este de Norteamerica. Contrariamente a las expectativas basadas en el cambio en ciertos otms cultivos de semilla, los patrones de variaci6n obser vados en Chenopodium no reflejan una evoluci6n gradual de la morfologia de las semillas en credente distancia del tipo silvestre. La evidencia de niveles decre cientes de variabilidad morfol6gica en la especie domesticada en evoluci6n es asimismo minima. Estos resultados demuestran que puede esperarse que la 13sa y el caracter de la evoluci6n de los cultivos, tal y como se revela en el registro arqueol6gico, varien considerablemente entre taxa distintos. REsUME.-Un large ensemble de donnees concernant plusieurs characteres mor phologiques importants a ete recueilli en examinant des collections de Cheno podium de I'est de I' Amerique. -
ZAPOTE the Popular Name Represents Many Diverse Edible Fruits of Guatemala
Sacred Animals and Exotic Tropical Plants monzón sofía photo: by Dr. Nicholas M. Hellmuth and Daniela Da’Costa Franco, FLAAR Reports ZAPOTE The popular name represents many diverse edible fruits of Guatemala ne of the tree fruits raised by the Most zapotes have a soft fruit inside and Maya long ago that is still enjoyed a “zapote brown” covering outside (except today is the zapote. Although for a few that have other external colors). It Othere are several fruits of the same name, the is typical for Spanish nomenclature of fruits popular nomenclature is pure chaos. Some of and flowers to be totally confusing. Zapote is the “zapote” fruits belong to the sapotaceae a vestige of the Nahuatl (Aztec) word tzapotl. family and all are native to Mesoamerica. The first plant on our list, Manilkara But other botanically unrelated fruits are also zapote, is commonly named chicozapote. called zapote/sapote; some are barely edible This is one of the most appreciated edible (such as the zapotón). There are probably species because of its commercial value. It even other zapote-named fruits that are not is distributed from the southeast of Mexico, all native to Mesoamerica. especially the Yucatán Peninsula into Belize 60 Dining ❬ ANTIGUA and the Petén area, where it is occasionally now collecting pertinent information related an abundant tree in the forest. The principal to the eating habits of Maya people, and all products of these trees are the fruit; the the plants they used and how they used them latex, which is used as the basis of natural for food. -
Method to Estimate Dry-Kiln Schedules and Species Groupings: Tropical and Temperate Hardwoods
United States Department of Agriculture Method to Estimate Forest Service Forest Dry-Kiln Schedules Products Laboratory Research and Species Groupings Paper FPL–RP–548 Tropical and Temperate Hardwoods William T. Simpson Abstract Contents Dry-kiln schedules have been developed for many wood Page species. However, one problem is that many, especially tropical species, have no recommended schedule. Another Introduction................................................................1 problem in drying tropical species is the lack of a way to Estimation of Kiln Schedules.........................................1 group them when it is impractical to fill a kiln with a single Background .............................................................1 species. This report investigates the possibility of estimating kiln schedules and grouping species for drying using basic Related Research...................................................1 specific gravity as the primary variable for prediction and grouping. In this study, kiln schedules were estimated by Current Kiln Schedules ..........................................1 establishing least squares relationships between schedule Method of Schedule Estimation...................................2 parameters and basic specific gravity. These relationships were then applied to estimate schedules for 3,237 species Estimation of Initial Conditions ..............................2 from Africa, Asia and Oceana, and Latin America. Nine drying groups were established, based on intervals of specific Estimation -
Postharvest Quality of Achachairú (Garcinia Gardneriana) Stored at Ambient Temperature1,2 Marlyn Cotty-Más3, Rosa N
Postharvest quality of achachairú (Garcinia gardneriana) stored at ambient temperature1,2 Marlyn Cotty-Más3, Rosa N. Chávez-Jáuregui4 and Linda Wessel-Beaver5 J. Agric. Univ. P.R. 103(2):155-172 (2019) ABSTRACT Achachairú is a tropical fruit that is being evaluated for its potential as a new fruit crop for Puerto Rico. More information is needed concerning postharvest aspects of this fruit. In this paper we describe the physical and chemical characteristics of achachairú during storage at ambient temperature. During each of three harvest years, 75 to 100 fruits were harvested, washed and dried, then divided into five groups. Each group was placed in an open cardboard box and randomly assigned to one of five storage treatments (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 days at 25 ± 2 °C, 75 ± 5% relative humidity). Physical and chemical properties, including sugar content, were determined for each storage period. Sensory panels evaluated fruits after 0 and 15 days of storage. Over the 20-day storage period fruit weight, size (length and diameter), firmness and pulp weight decreased by 1.5% to 2.5% per day. The rating of external fruit appearance (evaluated on a hedonic scale) deteriorated in a curvilinear fashion over time, initially changing little, and then showing increased deterioration (dark spots and wrinkling) starting at 15 days post storage. Total soluble solids (°Brix) (TSS) increased over time by 0.8 to 1.6% per day, while total titratable acid (TTA) decreased 1.4 to 3.0% per day, resulting in an increase of the sugar-acid ratio (TSS/TTA) of 2.1 to 12.4% per day over 20 days of storage. -
New Lives for Ancient and Extinct Crops
Book Review New Lives for Ancient and Extinct Crops Edited by Paul E. Minnis. 2014. The University of Arizona Press, Tucson. 288 pp. $65.00 (hardcover). ISBN: 978-0-8165-3062- 5. Reviewed by Thomas C. Hart Reviewer address: Department of Anthropology, University of Texas, 2201 Speedway Stop C3200, SAC 4.102, Austin, TX 78712, USA. Email: [email protected] Received: February 8, 2015 Volume: 6(1):116-118 Published: August 19, 2015 © 2015 Society of Ethnobiology In this edited volume, Paul E. Minnis and the chapter In the first chapter, Gayle J. Fritz describes how authors successfully illustrate how archaeological, maygrass (Phalaris caroliniana Walter Poaceae.) was an ethnohistorical, and ethnobotanical data can be important North American grass that was a part of effectively synthesized to provide a detailed account the Eastern Agricultural Complex for at least 3,000 of how ancient and extinct crops were used, as well as years. The earliest evidence for maygrass is found the potential they hold for diversifying global food during the Late Archaic in Illinois, Tennessee, and stocks. The authors explore the ancient uses and Kentucky. Eventually this crop spread out of its contemporary large scale agricultural potentials of native range and encompassed an area from Wiscon- maygrass, goosefoot, sumpweed or marshelder, agave, sin and Pennsylvania, in the north, to Texas and little barley grass, chia, arrowroot, leren, and sama (or Georgia, in the south. This very small seeded grass bitter vetch). Minnis suggests that by looking to the was an important component of the ritual feasts that past, researchers can “pre-screen” species in terms of took place at Cahokia, as evidenced by the abundant looking for genetic material from ancient taxa that remains recovered from sub-Mound 51. -
Collection and Evaluation of Under-Utilized Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Genetic Resources in Malaysia
J]RCAS International Symposium Series No. 3: 27-38 Session 1-3 27 Collection and Evaluation of Under-Utilized Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Genetic Resources in Malaysia WONG, Kai Choo' Abstract Fruit tree genetic resources in Malaysia consist of cultivated and wild species. The cul tivated fruit trees number more than 100 species of both indigenous and introduced species. Among these fruits, some are popular and are widely cultivated throughout the country while others are less known and grown in small localized areas. The latter are the under-utilized fruit species. Apart from these cultivated fruits, there is also in the Malaysian natural forest a diversity of wild fruit tree species which produce edible fruits but are relatively unknown and unutilized. Many of the under-utilized and unutilized fruit species are known to show economic potential. Collection and evaluation of some of these fruit tree genetic resources have been carried out. These materials are assessed for their potential as new fruit trees, as sources of rootstocks for grafting and also as sources of germplasm for breeding to improve the present cultivated fruit species. Some of these potential fruit tree species within the gen era Artocarpus, Baccaurea, Canarium, Dimocarpus, Dialium, Durio, Garcinia, Litsea, Mangif era, Nephelium, Sa/acca, and Syzygium are highlighted. Introduction Malaysian fruit tree genetic resources comprise both cultivated and wild species. There are more than 100 cultivated fruit species of both major and minor fruit crops. Each category includes indigenous as well as introduced species. The major cultivated fruit crops are well known and are commonly grown throughout the country. -
CONTROL NUMBER 27. W ' Cu-.1.SSJT:ON(€S)
m ,. CONTROL NUMBER 27.SU' W' cu-.1.SSJT:ON(€S) BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA SHEET AL-3L(-UM0F00UIEC-T00J: 9 i IE AN) SUBTIT"LE (.40) - Airicult !ral development : present and potential role of edible wild plants. Part I Central .nd So,ith :Amnerica a: ( the Caribbean 4af.RSON \1. AUrI'hORS (100) 'rivetti, L. E. 5. CORPORATE At-TH1ORS (A01) Calif. Uiliv., 1)' is. 6. nOX:U1E.N7 DATE 0)0' 1. NUMBER 3F PAGES j12*1) RLACtNUMER ([Wr I icio 8 2 p. J631.54.,G872 9. REI F.RENCE OR(GA,-?A- ION (1SO) C,I i f. -- :v., 10. SIt J'PPNIENTA.RY NOTES (500) (Part II, Suh-Sanarai Africa PN-AAJ-639; Part III, India, East Asi.., Southeast Asi cearnia PAJ6)) 11. NBS'RACT (950) 12. DESCRIPTORS (920) I. PROJECT NUMBER (I) Agricultural development Diets Plants Wild plants 14. CONTRATr NO.(I. ) i.CONTRACT Food supply Caribbean TYE(140) Central America AID/OTR-147-80-87 South America 16. TYPE OF DOCI M.NT ic: AED 590-7 (10-79) IL AGRICULTURAL DEVELOP.MMT: PRESENT AND POTENI.AL ROLE OF EDIBLE WILD PLANTS PART I CENTRAL AND SOUTH AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN November 1980 REPORT TO THE DEPARTMENT OF STATE AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT Alb/mr-lq - 6 _ 7- AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT: PRESENT AND POTENTIAL ROLE OF EDIBLE WILD PLANTS PART 1 CENTRAL AND SOUTH AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN by Louis Evan Grivetti Departments of Nutrition and Geography University of California Davis, California 95616 With the Research Assistance of: Christina J. Frentzel Karen E. Ginsberg Kristine L. -
Edible Leafy Plants from Mexico As Sources of Antioxidant Compounds, and Their Nutritional, Nutraceutical and Antimicrobial Potential: a Review
antioxidants Review Edible Leafy Plants from Mexico as Sources of Antioxidant Compounds, and Their Nutritional, Nutraceutical and Antimicrobial Potential: A Review Lourdes Mateos-Maces 1, José Luis Chávez-Servia 2,* , Araceli Minerva Vera-Guzmán 2 , Elia Nora Aquino-Bolaños 3 , Jimena E. Alba-Jiménez 4 and Bethsabe Belem Villagómez-González 2 1 Recursos Genéticos y Productividad-Genética, Colegio de Posgraduados, Carr. México-Texcoco Km. 36.5, Montecillo, Texcoco 56230, Mexico; [email protected] 2 CIIDIR-Oaxaca, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 07738, Mexico; [email protected] (A.M.V.-G.); [email protected] (B.B.V.-G.) 3 Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo de Alimentos, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa-Enríquez 1090, Mexico; [email protected] 4 CONACyT-Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo de Alimentos, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa-Enríquez 1090, Mexico; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 15 May 2020; Accepted: 13 June 2020; Published: 20 June 2020 Abstract: A review of indigenous Mexican plants with edible stems and leaves and their nutritional and nutraceutical potential was conducted, complemented by the authors’ experiences. In Mexico, more than 250 species with edible stems, leaves, vines and flowers, known as “quelites,” are collected or are cultivated and consumed. The assessment of the quelite composition depends on the chemical characteristics of the compounds being evaluated; the protein quality is a direct function of the amino acid content, which is evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the contribution of minerals is evaluated by atomic absorption spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) or ICP mass spectrometry. The total contents of phenols, flavonoids, carotenoids, saponins and other general compounds have been analyzed using UV-vis spectrophotometry and by HPLC. -
Plants Utilized by the Maya from Classic Times Through Today
December 2008 Plants Utilized by the Maya From Classic Times through Today © FLAAR Network. 1998-2008 All rights reserved. Redesign March, 2006 Use of this website signifies your agreement to the Terms of Use. Any problem with this site please report it to [email protected], or if you note any error, omission, or have a different opinion on a review, please contact the review editor, [email protected] Plants Utilized by the Mayan From Classic Times through Today 1 Flowers Spanish Name English Indigenous Scientific Family General Santa Rosa, Escuintla, Phenology Uses Where is it Name Distribution Suchitepequez, Retal- sold huleu, Quiché, Huehu- etenango, Petén Rosita de cacao, Flor Funeral Aztec names: Quararibea funebris, Malvaceae Southern Mexico, On dry plains or hillsides, It blooms during the Sacred Flower, Botanical forest de Cacao, Molinillo, tree, Poyomatli, Xochi- Quararibea fieldii Guatemala, Salva- mostly at 1500 meters dry season from March Aromatic gardens árbol de canastillas, molinillo, cacaohuatl, Flor Myrodia funebris Lex- dor, Nicaragua high or less, Petén, Zacapa, to May batidor cacao Cacahuaxochitl, arza funebris Chiquimula, Guatemala, flower Cacaoxochitl Sacatepequez, Huehu- etenango, Vaja Verapaz, El Progreso Ceiba, Ceibillo, Al- Ceiba, silk Chij, Tinanche, Ceiba pentandra, and Bombacaceae Extending to Peten Alta Verapaz, Izabal, The fertilized blooms Ornamental, Botanical forest godón de monte, palo cotton Kinin, Murul, Cox. Ceiba aesculifolia the old world Chiquimula, Santa Rosa, Es- begin to swell, and long medicinal, for con- gardens lagarto tree (C. pentandra), tropics, where cuintla, Guatemala, Sacate- pear-shaped pods ap- structions, rituals, Pochote from the perhaps introduced. péquez, Quiche, Huehu- pear in clusters among miscelaneous nahualt pochotl, México, Yucatan, etenando, Quezaltenango, the branches. -
Chec List What Survived from the PLANAFLORO Project
Check List 10(1): 33–45, 2014 © 2014 Check List and Authors Chec List ISSN 1809-127X (available at www.checklist.org.br) Journal of species lists and distribution What survived from the PLANAFLORO Project: PECIES S Angiosperms of Rondônia State, Brazil OF 1* 2 ISTS L Samuel1 UniCarleialversity of Konstanz, and Narcísio Department C.of Biology, Bigio M842, PLZ 78457, Konstanz, Germany. [email protected] 2 Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Campus José Ribeiro Filho, BR 364, Km 9.5, CEP 76801-059. Porto Velho, RO, Brasil. * Corresponding author. E-mail: Abstract: The Rondônia Natural Resources Management Project (PLANAFLORO) was a strategic program developed in partnership between the Brazilian Government and The World Bank in 1992, with the purpose of stimulating the sustainable development and protection of the Amazon in the state of Rondônia. More than a decade after the PLANAFORO program concluded, the aim of the present work is to recover and share the information from the long-abandoned plant collections made during the project’s ecological-economic zoning phase. Most of the material analyzed was sterile, but the fertile voucher specimens recovered are listed here. The material examined represents 378 species in 234 genera and 76 families of angiosperms. Some 8 genera, 68 species, 3 subspecies and 1 variety are new records for Rondônia State. It is our intention that this information will stimulate future studies and contribute to a better understanding and more effective conservation of the plant diversity in the southwestern Amazon of Brazil. Introduction The PLANAFLORO Project funded botanical expeditions In early 1990, Brazilian Amazon was facing remarkably in different areas of the state to inventory arboreal plants high rates of forest conversion (Laurance et al. -
Flora and Fauna of Phong Nha-Ke Bang and Hin Namno, a Compilation Page 2 of 151
Flora and fauna of Phong Nha-Ke Bang and Hin Namno A compilation ii Marianne Meijboom and Ho Thi Ngoc Lanh November 2002 WWF LINC Project: Linking Hin Namno and Phong Nha-Ke Bang through parallel conservation Flora and fauna of Phong Nha-Ke Bang and Hin Namno, a compilation Page 2 of 151 Acknowledgements This report was prepared by the WWF ‘Linking Hin Namno and Phong Nha through parallel conservation’ (LINC) project with financial support from WWF UK and the Department for International Development UK (DfID). The report is a compilation of the available data on the flora and fauna of Phong Nha-Ke Bang and Hin Namno areas, both inside and outside the protected area boundaries. We would like to thank the Management Board of Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park, especially Mr. Nguyen Tan Hiep, Mr. Luu Minh Thanh, Mr. Cao Xuan Chinh and Mr. Dinh Huy Tri, for sharing information about research carried out in the Phong Nha-Ke Bang area. This compilation also includes data from surveys carried out on the Lao side of the border, in the Hin Namno area. We would also like to thank Barney Long and Pham Nhat for their inputs on the mammal list, Ben Hayes for his comments on bats, Roland Eve for his comments on the bird list, and Brian Stuart and Doug Hendrie for their thorough review of the reptile list. We would like to thank Thomas Ziegler for sharing the latest scientific insights on Vietnamese reptiles. And we are grateful to Andrei Kouznetsov for reviewing the recorded plant species. -
Systematics and Floral Evolution in the Plant Genus Garcinia (Clusiaceae) Patrick Wayne Sweeney University of Missouri-St
University of Missouri, St. Louis IRL @ UMSL Dissertations UMSL Graduate Works 7-30-2008 Systematics and Floral Evolution in the Plant Genus Garcinia (Clusiaceae) Patrick Wayne Sweeney University of Missouri-St. Louis Follow this and additional works at: https://irl.umsl.edu/dissertation Part of the Biology Commons Recommended Citation Sweeney, Patrick Wayne, "Systematics and Floral Evolution in the Plant Genus Garcinia (Clusiaceae)" (2008). Dissertations. 539. https://irl.umsl.edu/dissertation/539 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the UMSL Graduate Works at IRL @ UMSL. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of IRL @ UMSL. For more information, please contact [email protected]. SYSTEMATICS AND FLORAL EVOLUTION IN THE PLANT GENUS GARCINIA (CLUSIACEAE) by PATRICK WAYNE SWEENEY M.S. Botany, University of Georgia, 1999 B.S. Biology, Georgia Southern University, 1994 A DISSERTATION Submitted to the Graduate School of the UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI- ST. LOUIS In partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in BIOLOGY with an emphasis in Plant Systematics November, 2007 Advisory Committee Elizabeth A. Kellogg, Ph.D. Peter F. Stevens, Ph.D. P. Mick Richardson, Ph.D. Barbara A. Schaal, Ph.D. © Copyright 2007 by Patrick Wayne Sweeney All Rights Reserved Sweeney, Patrick, 2007, UMSL, p. 2 Dissertation Abstract The pantropical genus Garcinia (Clusiaceae), a group comprised of more than 250 species of dioecious trees and shrubs, is a common component of lowland tropical forests and is best known by the highly prized fruit of mangosteen (G. mangostana L.). The genus exhibits as extreme a diversity of floral form as is found anywhere in angiosperms and there are many unresolved taxonomic issues surrounding the genus.