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Atomic Weights of the Elements 1989 Atomic Weights of the Elements 1989 Cite as: Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data 20, 1313 (1991); https://doi.org/10.1063/1.555902 Submitted: 03 June 1991 . Published Online: 15 October 2009 J. R. De Laeter, and K. G. Heumann ARTICLES YOU MAY BE INTERESTED IN The Solubility of Carbon Dioxide in Water at Low Pressure Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data 20, 1201 (1991); https:// doi.org/10.1063/1.555900 Chemical Kinetic Data Sheets for High-Temperature Reactions. Part II Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data 20, 1211 (1991); https:// doi.org/10.1063/1.555901 Atomic Weights of the Elements 1991 Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data 22, 1571 (1993); https:// doi.org/10.1063/1.555933 Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data 20, 1313 (1991); https://doi.org/10.1063/1.555902 20, 1313 © 1991 American Institute of Physics for the National Institute of Standards and Technology. a Atomic Weights of the Elements 1989 ) J. R. De Laeter Curtin UlliversityofTechnology, Perth, Western Australia, 6001, Australia K. G. Heumann University ofRegensburg, Regensburg, Germany Received June 3, 1991 The biennial review of atomic weight, A r (E), determinations, and other cognate data has resulted in changes for nickel from 58.69 ± 0.01 to 58.6934 ± 0.0002 and for antimo­ ny from 121.75 ± 0.03 to 121.757 ± 0.003 due to new calibrated measurements. Because the measurement of the isotopic composition of mercury has also been improved during the last two years, the Commission was able to reduce the uncertainty of the atomic weight of this eJement from 200.59 ± 0.03 to 200.59 ± 0.02. Due to the nearly conStant isotopic composition of protactinium in nature, where 231Pa is the predominant isotope, the atomic weight of this element was fixed to 231.03588 ± 0.00002. The Table ofIsotopic Composi­ tions of thp Flpmpnto;;: 19R9 will hp. pllhHshed as a companion paper to that on Atomic Weights of the Elements 1989. The Table of Standard Atomic Weights Abridged to Five Significant Figures and current data on isotopic compositions of non terrestrial material are included to benefit users who are more concerned with the length of time during which a gIven table has fuB validity to the precision limit of their interest. The Table of Atomic Weights to Four Significant Figures was prepared and has been published separately. Contents 1. Introduction ......................................................... 1313 list of Tables 1. Standard atomic weights 1989 (alphabetical or- 2. Comments on Some Atomic Weights .................. 1314 der) ................................................................... 1315 3. The Table of Standard Atomic Weights 1989...... 1314 2. Standard atomic weights 1989 (in order of atomic number) ................................................ 1317 4. Relative Atomic Masses and Half-Lives of Select- 3. Relative atomic masses and half-lives of selected ed Radionuclides .................................................. 1320 radionuc1ides ....................... '" ........ ................... 1319 5. Nonterrestrial Data .............................................. 1320 4. Examples of observed maximum isotopic varia­ tions and corresponding atomic weights due to 6. Table of Standard Atomic Weights Abridged to different processes. ....... .................. ................... 1321 Five Significant Figures........................................ 1322 5. Examples of isotopic composition and atomic 7. Other Projects of the Commission. ....... .... ........... 1324 weight from different sources ................ ............ 1322 6. Standard atomic weights abridged to five signif- 8. References.... ...... .......... ....... .......... .......... ....... ...... 1325 icant figures ....................................................... 1323 1. Introduction to the Report on the Atomic Weights of the Elements 1989 }JltSeU ttd 111:::1\::. The Commission on Atomic Weights and Isotopic The Commission has monitored the literature over the Abundances met under the chairmanship of Professor J. R. previous two years since the last report (Ref. 1) and evaluat­ Dc Lactcrfrom 10 12 August 1989, during the 35th IUPAC ed the published data on atomic weights and isotopic compo­ General Assembly in Lund, Sweden. It was decided to pub­ sitions on an element-by-element basis. The atomic weight of lish the Table ofIsotopic Compositions of the Elements 1989 an element can be determined from a knowledge of the isoto­ as determined by mass spectrometry as a companion paper pic abundances and corresponding atomic masses of the nu­ clides of that element. The latest compilation of the atomic masses with all relevant data was published in 1985 (Ref. 2) © 1991 by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States. which resulted in a number of small changes in the atomic This copyright is assigned to the American Institute of Physics and the American Chemical Society. weights that were reported in the 1985 table (Ref. 3). Al­ Reprints available from ACS; see Reprints List at back of issue. though a table with some new data was published in 1988 (Ref. 4) the Commission decided not to take them into ac­ ")Reprinted with permission of the lnternalionai Union of Pure and Ap­ count at the present because the description of these data was plied Chemistry from Pure and AppJ. Chcl1l. 63, 975 (1991). incomplete. 0047-2689/91/061313-13/$05.00 1313 J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Vol. 20, No.6, 1991 1314 J. R. DE LAETER AND K. G. HEUMANN Membership of the Commission for the period 1987- 13) on the isotopic composition of antimony. The Commis­ 1989 was as follows: sion also added footnote "g" to the atomic weight of antimo­ J. R. De Laeter (Australia, Chairman); K. G. ny because of abnormal isotopic composition found at the Heumann (FRG, Secretary); R. C. Barber (Can­ natural fission reactor site at Oklo, Gabon, West Africa ada, Associate); I. L. Barnes (USA, Associate); J. (Ref. 14). Cesario (France, Titular); T. L. Chang (China, The previous value, Ar (Sb) = 121.75, was adopted in Titular); T. B. Coplen (USA, Titular); J. W. 1962 (Ref. 15) and the uncertainty, Ur (Sb) = 0.03, was as­ Gramlich (USA, Associate); H. R. Krouse (Can­ signed in 1969 (Ref. 16). The value was based both on chem­ ada, Associate); I. A. Lebedev (USSR, Associ­ ical measurements by Willard and McAlpine (Ref. 17), ate); T. J. Murphy (USA, Associate); K. J. R. Honigschmid et al. (Ref. 18), Weatherill (Ref. 19), and Rosman (Australia, Titular); M. P. Seyfried Krishnaswami (Ref. 20) which gave an average chemical (FRG, Associate); M. Shima (Japan, Titular); K. value of Ar (Sb) = 121.751, and on the mass spectrometric Wade (UK, Associate); P. De Bievre (Belgium, measurements of White and Cameron (Ref. 9) which gave a National Representative); N. N. Greenwood calculated value of Ar (Sb) = 121.759 using current atomic (UK, National Representative); R. L. Martin mass data (Ref. 2). The assigned uncertainty included all of (Australia, National Representative); H. S. Peiser the chemical and mass spectrometric data. (USA, National Representative). The new measurement of A r (Sb) by De Laeter and Ho­ sie (Ref. 13) contains an allowance for known sources of The commision dedicates this report to Dr. I. Lynus possible systematic errors and is in excellent agreement with Barnes who died in January, 1990. Dr. Barnes was an associ­ the earlier measurement of White and Cameron (Ref. 9). ate and titular member of the Commission for 14 years, Sec­ The Commission, therefore, decided to exclude the chemical retary of the Subcommittee on the Assessment of the Isoto­ values from consideration and to base the atomic weight of pic Composition of the Elements (SAIC) from 1975 to 1983 antimony on this new measurement by mass spectrometry. and Chairman of the Commission's Subcommittee for Isoto­ There are no known variations of the isotopic composition of pic Abundance Measurements (SIAM) from 1983 to 1989. antimony except in samples from the Oklo Natural Reactor, but no systematic study of possible variations in other terre­ trial samples has been published. 2. Comments on Some Atomic Mercury: The Commission Report of 1961 proposed an Weights AT (Hg) = 200.59 based on chemical determinations (Ref. Nickel: At this meeting, the Commission has changed 21). Mass spectrometric measurements of the isotopic com­ its recommended value for the atomic weight of nickel to position of mercury agreed with the chemical measure­ Ar (Ni) 58.6934(2) based on the calibrated mass spectro­ ments, thus in 1969 the Commission assigned an uncertainty metric determination by Gramlich et al. (Ref. 5). The pre­ of Ur (Rg) = 0.03 (Ref. 16). Resulting Ar eRg) values vious value of Ar (Ni) 58.69(1), which was adopted by range only from 200.58 to 200.60. Tn 1989. the Commission the Commission in 1979, was weighted toward the chemical considered and accepted the recent gas mass spectrometric determinations of Baxter and associates (Refs. 6-8), which measurements by Zadnik, Specht, and Begemann (Ref. 22). gave an average value of Ar (Ni) 58.694. The uncertainty The Commission saw no compelling evidence to change of the 1979 value included the published mass spectrometric the proposed value for the atomic weight of mercury, values (Ref. 9-11). The excellent agreement between the Ar eRg) = 200.59, but proposed a decrease in the uncertain­ average of the chemical values and this new determination ty to Ur 0.02. The values reported for the isotopic compo­ illustrates the remarkable accuracy of the determinations of sition of mercury in Ref. 22 were also proposed by the Com­ Baxter and associates. mission as the best measurements from a single natural Gramlich et ai., in a second paper (Ref. 12), have com­ source. pared the isotopic composition of nickel in 29 minerals, salts, 3. The Table of Standard Atomic and metals and found no statistically significant variations. Weights 1989 Therefore, no additional allowance to the overall uncertain­ ty was necessary since the isotopic composition of terrestrial Following past practice the Table of Standard Atomic nickel is apparently invariant within the measurement un­ Weights 1989 is presented both in alphabetical order by certainty.
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