Lead: Properties, History, and Applications Mikhail Boldyrev¹*, Et Al
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Lead Isotopes As Indicators of Environ Contamination from U Mining
._ .- - Preprint LA-UR-78-2147 , Title: LEAD ISOTOPES AS INDICATORS OF ENVIRONt1 ENTAL CONTAMINATION FRCM THE URANIUM MINING AND MILLING INDUSTRY IN THE GRANTS MINERAL BELT, NEW MEXICO Author (s): David B. Curtis and A. J. Gancarz 'k |- . 9 M/ - ' # - L .. %|.RkN: %| * & ,AQ' ,,7 ,e- d*157 ff' k g*/h T .s .. ; f*M & f g W , w -e ~ - " f:} + - pYW pm K .A ,W.% :M & Lw< *b* ? --~ k Y Q Q A -ell' 2_W h _ -- $| - f.s c t Q & Ye # C4HEhreSE33rzgmF %gh gM n [,315 ? M e % @N Y $ $ j3 h e fe l 2 D S $s - - #5 ~N [ ' & 9; - - - f _ '- ~ w e- * g r e w w 2 P As Nc- ' ** * -- - - - - $%y~ - . 9 . j'*( -, ' & . i .- f 1 * - -- ** -- e=* -h .Mr g g* ~ A _. y . gh(An ,, - ?fw h. y C: *, 1% * ~ ?, ?hSlh$i $ ': ffg w s - gp$lQ?$4$5;.>qgg - , .. INS is a Wegint of a paper intended for publication in 4 * '" M jour'ai or procet%1 ergs. Because changes rnay be made before f h , ' , publicction, this preprint is seiade available with the under. f ,- ' , starviing that it will not be died or reproduced without the * +' % '""'***'*C**' " permiss;or of the author, ') O 9 7 - _. _ _ . _ _ _ . _ - _ 0808.0 [ L * ' * . Q - 42 - 72 2)<f y . 1 LEAD ISOTOPES AS INDICATORS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION FROM THE URANIUM MINING AND MILI.ING INDUSTitY .IN THE GRANIS MINERAL BELT, NEW NEXICO David B. Curtis and A. J. Gancar2 Los Alamos Scientine Laboratory Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA The unique isotopie composition oflead from uranium ores can be useful in studying ihe impact of ore processing efHuents on the env:ronment. -
221 Gaas GRADED A
USOO6403874B1 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 6,403,874 B1 Shakouri et al. (45) Date of Patent: *Jun. 11, 2002 (54) HIGH-EFFICIENCY HETEROSTRUCTURE OTHER PUBLICATIONS THERMONIC COOLERS N N. W. Ashcroft, et al., Solid State Physics, manual, 1976, pp. (75) Inventors: Ali Shakouri, Santa Cruz; John E. 318-319, 320-321, 362-363. Bowers, Santa Barbara, both of CA D. A. Broido et al., “Effect of Superlattice structure on the (US) th ermoelectriclectric fiIlgure OIf meril:t: , Theline Am erican PhPinySIca 1 Society (Physical Review B.), vol. 51, No. 19, May 15, (73) Assignee: The Regents of the University of 1995, pp. 13797-800. California, Oakland, CA (US) D. A. Broido et al., “Comment of Use of quantum well Superlattices to obtain high figure of merit from nonconven (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this tional thermoelectric materials”, Appl. Phys. Lett. 63, 3230 patent is extended or adjusted under 35 (1993), Applied Physics Letters, vol. 67, No. 8, Aug. 21, U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days. 1995, pp. 1170–1171. D. A. Broido et al., “Thermoelectric figure or merit of This patent is Subject to a terminal dis- quantum wire Superlattices”, Applied Physics Letters, Jul. 3, claimer. 1995, vol. 67, No. 1, 100-102. (21) Appl. No.: 09/441,787 (List continued on next page.) (22) Filed: Nov. 17, 1999 Primary Examiner—Bruce F. Bell ASSistant Examiner Thomas H Parsons Related U.S. Application Data (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Gates & Cooper LLP (60) Pisional application No. 60/109,342, filed on Nov. -
Unit 3 Notes: Periodic Table Notes John Newlands Proposed an Organization System Based on Increasing Atomic Mass in 1864
Unit 3 Notes: Periodic Table Notes John Newlands proposed an organization system based on increasing atomic mass in 1864. He noticed that both the chemical and physical properties repeated every 8 elements and called this the ____Law of Octaves ___________. In 1869 both Lothar Meyer and Dmitri Mendeleev showed a connection between atomic mass and an element’s properties. Mendeleev published first, and is given credit for this. He also noticed a periodic pattern when elements were ordered by increasing ___Atomic Mass _______________________________. By arranging elements in order of increasing atomic mass into columns, Mendeleev created the first Periodic Table. This table also predicted the existence and properties of undiscovered elements. After many new elements were discovered, it appeared that a number of elements were out of order based on their _____Properties_________. In 1913 Henry Mosley discovered that each element contains a unique number of ___Protons________________. By rearranging the elements based on _________Atomic Number___, the problems with the Periodic Table were corrected. This new arrangement creates a periodic repetition of both physical and chemical properties known as the ____Periodic Law___. Periods are the ____Rows_____ Groups/Families are the Columns Valence electrons across a period are There are equal numbers of valence in the same energy level electrons in a group. 1 When elements are arranged in order of increasing _Atomic Number_, there is a periodic repetition of their physical and chemical -
Growthmechanismand Characteristics of Semiconductor Nanowires For
www.symbiosisonline.org Symbiosis www.symbiosisonlinepublishing.com Research Article Nanoscience & Technology: Open Access Open Access Growth Mechanism and Characteristics of Semiconductor Nanowires for Photonic Devices N. B Singh1, S. R Coriell1, Matthew King2, Brian Wagner2, David Kahler2, David Knuteson2, Andre Berghman2 and Sean McLaughlin2 1University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250 2Northrop Grumman Corporation ES, 1212 Winterson Road, Linthicum, MD 21250 Received: March 31, 2014; Accepted: April 27, 2014; Published: April 29, 2014 *Corresponding author: N. B Singh, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250 photodiodes (A Abstract photon counting applications. These arecapable of low-light An overview on the growth mechanism of nanowire, fabrication detectionand havePDs) great are potentialvery capable for the detectors variety ofin applications. finding and and performance of selenide nanowires devices is presented. Growth of nano particles and preliminary results on the formation Binary, ternary and quaternary selenides have relatively low optical of nanowires of lead selenide is reported. Results are presented for the zinc selenide nanowire based devices, performance and combination of properties of selenides makes them very important materialsabsorption for coefficient detector andapplications. have wide Lead transparency selenide (PbSe)range. nanoThis particles and nanowires were grown by the physical vapor transport to device arrays. (PVT) method and zinc selenide (ZnSe) nanowire was grown by more specifically the ability to transition from single NW devices chemical vapor transport (CVT) methods. Observations on the growth Experimental Method of PbSe indicate that oriented attachment of nanocrystal building Materials purification blocks produces nanowires. On silicon (111) substrates binding was observed to be on (001) and (111) faces. -
The Development of the Periodic Table and Its Consequences Citation: J
Firenze University Press www.fupress.com/substantia The Development of the Periodic Table and its Consequences Citation: J. Emsley (2019) The Devel- opment of the Periodic Table and its Consequences. Substantia 3(2) Suppl. 5: 15-27. doi: 10.13128/Substantia-297 John Emsley Copyright: © 2019 J. Emsley. This is Alameda Lodge, 23a Alameda Road, Ampthill, MK45 2LA, UK an open access, peer-reviewed article E-mail: [email protected] published by Firenze University Press (http://www.fupress.com/substantia) and distributed under the terms of the Abstract. Chemistry is fortunate among the sciences in having an icon that is instant- Creative Commons Attribution License, ly recognisable around the world: the periodic table. The United Nations has deemed which permits unrestricted use, distri- 2019 to be the International Year of the Periodic Table, in commemoration of the 150th bution, and reproduction in any medi- anniversary of the first paper in which it appeared. That had been written by a Russian um, provided the original author and chemist, Dmitri Mendeleev, and was published in May 1869. Since then, there have source are credited. been many versions of the table, but one format has come to be the most widely used Data Availability Statement: All rel- and is to be seen everywhere. The route to this preferred form of the table makes an evant data are within the paper and its interesting story. Supporting Information files. Keywords. Periodic table, Mendeleev, Newlands, Deming, Seaborg. Competing Interests: The Author(s) declare(s) no conflict of interest. INTRODUCTION There are hundreds of periodic tables but the one that is widely repro- duced has the approval of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) and is shown in Fig.1. -
Cyclotron Produced Lead-203 P
Postgrad Med J: first published as 10.1136/pgmj.51.601.751 on 1 November 1975. Downloaded from Postgraduate Medical Journal (November 1975) 51, 751-754. Cyclotron produced lead-203 P. L. HORLOCK M. L. THAKUR L.R.I.C. M.Sc., Ph.D. I. A. WATSON M.Sc. MRC Cyclotron Unit, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 OHS Introduction TABLE 1. Isotopes of lead Radioactive isotopes of lead occur in the natural Isotope Half-life Principal y energy radioactive series and have been used as decay 194Pb m * tracers since the early days of radiochemistry. These 195Pb 17m * are 210Pb (ti--204 y, radium D), 212Pb (t--10. 6 h, 96Pb 37 m * thorium B) and 214Pb (t--26.8 m, radium B) all of 197Pb 42 m * which are from occurring decay 197pbm 42 m * separated naturally 198pb 24 h * products ofradium or thorium. There are in addition 19spbm 25 m * Protected by copyright. to these a number of other radioactive isotopes of 199Pb 90 m * lead which can be produced artificially with the aid 19spbm 122 m * of a nuclear reactor or a accelerator 20OPb 21-5 h ** 0-109 to 0-605 (complex) charge particle (daughter radiations) (Table 1). 2Pb 9-4 h * There are at least three criteria in choosing the 0oipbm 61 s * radioactive isotope for in vitro tracer studies. First, 20pb 3 x 105y *** TI X-rays, (daughter it should emit radiation which is easily detected. radiations) have a half-life to 202pbm 3-62 h * Secondly, it should long enough aPb 52-1 h ** 0-279 (81%) 0-401 (5%) 0-680 permit studies without excessive radioactive decay 203pbm 6-1 s * (0-9%) (no daughter occurring but not so long that waste disposal radiations) creates a problem. -
The Periodic Table of Elements
The Periodic Table of Elements 1 2 6 Atomic Number = Number of Protons = Number of Electrons HYDROGENH HELIUMHe 1 Chemical Symbol NON-METALS 4 3 4 C 5 6 7 8 9 10 Li Be CARBON Chemical Name B C N O F Ne LITHIUM BERYLLIUM = Number of Protons + Number of Neutrons* BORON CARBON NITROGEN OXYGEN FLUORINE NEON 7 9 12 Atomic Weight 11 12 14 16 19 20 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 SODIUMNa MAGNESIUMMg ALUMINUMAl SILICONSi PHOSPHORUSP SULFURS CHLORINECl ARGONAr 23 24 METALS 27 28 31 32 35 40 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 POTASSIUMK CALCIUMCa SCANDIUMSc TITANIUMTi VANADIUMV CHROMIUMCr MANGANESEMn FeIRON COBALTCo NICKELNi CuCOPPER ZnZINC GALLIUMGa GERMANIUMGe ARSENICAs SELENIUMSe BROMINEBr KRYPTONKr 39 40 45 48 51 52 55 56 59 59 64 65 70 73 75 79 80 84 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 RUBIDIUMRb STRONTIUMSr YTTRIUMY ZIRCONIUMZr NIOBIUMNb MOLYBDENUMMo TECHNETIUMTc RUTHENIUMRu RHODIUMRh PALLADIUMPd AgSILVER CADMIUMCd INDIUMIn SnTIN ANTIMONYSb TELLURIUMTe IODINEI XeXENON 85 88 89 91 93 96 98 101 103 106 108 112 115 119 122 128 127 131 55 56 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 CESIUMCs BARIUMBa HAFNIUMHf TANTALUMTa TUNGSTENW RHENIUMRe OSMIUMOs IRIDIUMIr PLATINUMPt AuGOLD MERCURYHg THALLIUMTl PbLEAD BISMUTHBi POLONIUMPo ASTATINEAt RnRADON 133 137 178 181 184 186 190 192 195 197 201 204 207 209 209 210 222 87 88 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 FRANCIUMFr RADIUMRa RUTHERFORDIUMRf DUBNIUMDb SEABORGIUMSg BOHRIUMBh HASSIUMHs MEITNERIUMMt DARMSTADTIUMDs ROENTGENIUMRg COPERNICIUMCn NIHONIUMNh -
Anodic Oxygen-Transfer Electrocatalysis at Pure and Modified Lead Dioxide Electrodes in Acidic Media In-Hyeong Yeo Iowa State University
Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 1987 Anodic oxygen-transfer electrocatalysis at pure and modified lead dioxide electrodes in acidic media In-Hyeong Yeo Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Analytical Chemistry Commons Recommended Citation Yeo, In-Hyeong, "Anodic oxygen-transfer electrocatalysis at pure and modified lead dioxide electrodes in acidic media " (1987). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 11664. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/11664 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS While the most advanced technology has been used to photograph and reproduce this manuscript, the quality of the reproduction is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted. For example: • Manuscript pages may have indistinct print. In such cases, the best available copy has been filmed. • Manuscripts may not always be complete. In such cases, a note will indicate that it is not possible to obtain missing pages. • Copyrighted material may have been removed from the manuscript. In such cases, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, and charts) are photographed by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. -
Safety Data Sheet CS: 1.7.2
Safety Data Sheet CS: 1.7.2 Page : 1 of 6 Infosafe No ™ 1CH9H Issue Date : July 2018 RE-ISSUED by CHEMSUPP Product Name : LEAD (II,IV) OXIDE Classified as hazardous 1. Identification GHS Product LEAD (II,IV) OXIDE Identifier Company Name CHEM-SUPPLY PTY LTD (ABN 19 008 264 211) Address 38 - 50 Bedford Street GILLMAN SA 5013 Australia Telephone/Fax Tel: (08) 8440-2000 Number Fax: (08) 8440-2001 Recommended use Storage batteries, glass, pottery and enameling, varnish, purification of alcohol, packing pipe joints, of the chemical and metal protective paints, fluxes, ceramic glazes and laboratory reagent. restrictions on use Other Names Name Product Code Lead oxide red Red lead LEAD (II,IV) OXIDE LR LL027 Lead tetraoxide LEAD (II,IV) OXIDE TG LT027 Other Information EMERGENCY CONTACT NUMBER: +61 08 8440 2000 Business hours: 8:30am to 5:00pm, Monday to Friday. Chem-Supply Pty Ltd does not warrant that this product is suitable for any use or purpose. The user must ascertain the suitability of the product before use or application intended purpose. Preliminary testing of the product before use or application is recommended. Any reliance or purported reliance upon Chem-Supply Pty Ltd with respect to any skill or judgement or advice in relation to the suitability of this product of any purpose is disclaimed. Except to the extent prohibited at law, any condition implied by any statute as to the merchantable quality of this product or fitness for any purpose is hereby excluded. This product is not sold by description. Where the provisions of Part V, Division 2 of the Trade Practices Act apply, the liability of Chem-Supply Pty Ltd is limited to the replacement of supply of equivalent goods or payment of the cost of replacing the goods or acquiring equivalent goods. -
The Separation and Determination of Osmium and Ruthenium
Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1969 The epS aration and Determination of Osmium and Ruthenium. Harry Edward Moseley Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Moseley, Harry Edward, "The eS paration and Determination of Osmium and Ruthenium." (1969). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 1559. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/1559 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ThU dissertation has been 69-17,123 microfilmsd exactly as received MOSELEY, Harry Edward, 1929- THE SEPARATION AND DETERMINATION OF OSMIUM AND RUTHENIUM. Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, PhJ>., 1969 Chemistry, analytical University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan THE SEPARATION AND DETERMINATION OF OSMIUM AND RUTHENIUM A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Chemistry Harry Edward Moseley B.S., Lpuisiana State University, 1951 M.S., Louisiana State University, 1952 J anuary, 1969 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Thanks are due to Dr. Eugene W. Berg under whose direction this work was performed, to Dr. A. D. Shendrikar for his help in the tracer studies, and to Mr. J. H. R. Streiffer for his help in writing the com puter program. -
Trends in Performance Limits of the HOT Infrared Photodetectors
applied sciences Review Trends in Performance Limits of the HOT Infrared Photodetectors Antoni Rogalski 1, Piotr Martyniuk 1,*, Małgorzata Kopytko 1 and Weida Hu 2 1 Faculty of Advanced Technologies and Chemistry, Institute of Applied Physics, Military University of Technology, 2 Kaliskiego St., 00-908 Warsaw, Poland; [email protected] (A.R.); [email protected] (M.K.) 2 State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 500 Yu Tian Road, Shanghai 200083, China; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +48-26-183-92-15 Abstract: The cryogenic cooling of infrared (IR) photon detectors optimized for the mid- (MWIR, 3–5 µm) and long wavelength (LWIR, 8–14 µm) range is required to reach high performance. This is a major obstacle for more extensive use of IR technology. Focal plane arrays (FPAs) based on thermal detectors are presently used in staring thermal imagers operating at room temperature. However, their performance is modest; thermal detectors exhibit slow response, and the multispectral detection is difficult to reach. Initial efforts to develop high operating temperature (HOT) photodetectors were focused on HgCdTe photoconductors and photoelectromagnetic detectors. The technological efforts have been lately directed on advanced heterojunction photovoltaic HgCdTe detectors. This paper presents the several approaches to increase the photon-detectors room-temperature performance. Various kinds of materials are considered: HgCdTe, type-II AIIIBV superlattices, two-dimensional materials and colloidal quantum dots. Keywords: HOT IR detectors; HgCdTe; P-i-N; BLIP condition; 2D material photodetectors; colloidal quantum dot photodetectors Citation: Rogalski, A.; Martyniuk, P.; Kopytko, M.; Hu, W. -
Adsorption Capacity and Removal Efficiency of Heavy Metal Ions By
chemical engineering research and design 9 0 ( 2 0 1 2 ) 1397–1406 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Chemical Engineering Research and Design j ournal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/cherd Adsorption capacity and removal efficiency of heavy metal ions by Moso and Ma bamboo activated carbons a b b,∗ c,d,∗ Sheng-Fong Lo , Song-Yung Wang , Ming-Jer Tsai , Lang-Dong Lin a Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, National Ilan University, I-Lan, Taiwan, ROC b School of Forestry and Resource Conservation, College of Bio-Resource and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, No.1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, ROC c Department of Cultural Heritage Conservation, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin, Taiwan, ROC d Department of Forest Products Science, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan, ROC a b s t r a c t In order to understand the adsorption capacity and removal efficiency of heavy metal ions by Moso and Ma bamboo activated carbons, the carbon yield, specific surface area, micropore area, zeta potential, and the effects of pH value, soaking time and dosage of bamboo activated carbon were investigated in this study. In comparison with once- activated bamboo carbons, lower carbon yields, larger specific surface area and micropore volume were found for the twice-activated bamboo carbons. The optimum pH values for adsorption capacity and removal efficiency of heavy metal ions were 5.81–7.86 and 7.10–9.82 by Moso and Ma bamboo activated carbons, respectively. The optimum 2+ 2+ 2+ 3+ soaking time was 2–4 h for Pb , 4–8 h for Cu and Cd , and 4 h for Cr by Moso bamboo activated carbons, and 1 h for the tested heavy metal ions by Ma bamboo activated carbons.