The Periodic Table of Elements

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

The Periodic Table of Elements 1 2 6 Atomic Number = Number of Protons = Number of Electrons HYDROGENH HELIUMHe 1 Chemical Symbol NON-METALS 4 3 4 C 5 6 7 8 9 10 Li Be CARBON Chemical Name B C N O F Ne LITHIUM BERYLLIUM = Number of Protons + Number of Neutrons* BORON CARBON NITROGEN OXYGEN FLUORINE NEON 7 9 12 Atomic Weight 11 12 14 16 19 20 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 SODIUMNa MAGNESIUMMg ALUMINUMAl SILICONSi PHOSPHORUSP SULFURS CHLORINECl ARGONAr 23 24 METALS 27 28 31 32 35 40 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 POTASSIUMK CALCIUMCa SCANDIUMSc TITANIUMTi VANADIUMV CHROMIUMCr MANGANESEMn FeIRON COBALTCo NICKELNi CuCOPPER ZnZINC GALLIUMGa GERMANIUMGe ARSENICAs SELENIUMSe BROMINEBr KRYPTONKr 39 40 45 48 51 52 55 56 59 59 64 65 70 73 75 79 80 84 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 RUBIDIUMRb STRONTIUMSr YTTRIUMY ZIRCONIUMZr NIOBIUMNb MOLYBDENUMMo TECHNETIUMTc RUTHENIUMRu RHODIUMRh PALLADIUMPd AgSILVER CADMIUMCd INDIUMIn SnTIN ANTIMONYSb TELLURIUMTe IODINEI XeXENON 85 88 89 91 93 96 98 101 103 106 108 112 115 119 122 128 127 131 55 56 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 CESIUMCs BARIUMBa HAFNIUMHf TANTALUMTa TUNGSTENW RHENIUMRe OSMIUMOs IRIDIUMIr PLATINUMPt AuGOLD MERCURYHg THALLIUMTl PbLEAD BISMUTHBi POLONIUMPo ASTATINEAt RnRADON 133 137 178 181 184 186 190 192 195 197 201 204 207 209 209 210 222 87 88 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 FRANCIUMFr RADIUMRa RUTHERFORDIUMRf DUBNIUMDb SEABORGIUMSg BOHRIUMBh HASSIUMHs MEITNERIUMMt DARMSTADTIUMDs ROENTGENIUMRg COPERNICIUMCn NIHONIUMNh FLEROVIUMFl MOSCOVIUMMc LIVERMORIUMLv TENNESSINETs OGANESSONOg 223 226 263 268 271 270 270 278 281 281 285 286 289 289 293 294 294 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 KEY = Solid at room temperature LANTHANUMLa CERIUMCe PRASEODYMIUMPr NEODYMIUMNd PROMETHIUMPm SAMARIUMSm EUROPIUMEu GADOLINIUMGd TERBIUMTb DYSPROSIUMDy HOLMIUMHo ERBIUMEr THULIUMTm YTTERBIUMYbYb LUTETIUMLu 139 140 141 144 145 150 152 157 159 163 165 167 169 173 175 = Liquid at room temperature = Gas at room temperature 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 = Radioactive ACTINIUMAc THORIUMTh PROTACTINIUMPa URANIUMU NEPTUNIUMNp PLUTONIUMPu AMERICIUMAm CmCURIUM BERKELIUMBk CALIFORNIUMCf EINSTEINIUMEs FERMIUMFm MENDELEVIUMMd NOBELIUMNo LAWRENCIUMLr = Artificially Made 227 232 231 238 237 244 243 247 247 251 252 257 258 259 262 * The atomic weights listed on this Table of Elements have been rounded to the nearest whole number. As a result, this chart actually displays the mass number of a specific isotope for each element. An element's complete, unrounded atomic weight can be found on the It's Elemental website: http://education.jlab.org/itselemental/ http://education.jlab.org/ Last revised on June 8, 2016.

Copy Link

Recommended publications

Evolution and Understanding of the D-Block Elements in the Periodic Table Cite This: Dalton Trans., 2019, 48, 9408 Edwin C
Dalton Transactions View Article Online PERSPECTIVE View Journal | View Issue Evolution and understanding of the d-block elements in the periodic table Cite this: Dalton Trans., 2019, 48, 9408 Edwin C. Constable Received 20th February 2019, The d-block elements have played an essential role in the development of our present understanding of Accepted 6th March 2019 chemistry and in the evolution of the periodic table. On the occasion of the sesquicentenniel of the dis- DOI: 10.1039/c9dt00765b covery of the periodic table by Mendeleev, it is appropriate to look at how these metals have influenced rsc.li/dalton our understanding of periodicity and the relationships between elements. Introduction and periodic tables concerning objects as diverse as fruit, veg- etables, beer, cartoon characters, and superheroes abound in In the year 2019 we celebrate the sesquicentennial of the publi- our connected world.7 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported Licence. cation of the first modern form of the periodic table by In the commonly encountered medium or long forms of Mendeleev (alternatively transliterated as Mendelejew, the periodic table, the central portion is occupied by the Mendelejeff, Mendeléeff, and Mendeléyev from the Cyrillic d-block elements, commonly known as the transition elements ).1 The periodic table lies at the core of our under- or transition metals. These elements have played a critical rôle standing of the properties of, and the relationships between, in our understanding of modern chemistry and have proved to the 118 elements currently known (Fig. 1).2 A chemist can look be the touchstones for many theories of valence and bonding.
[Show full text]
Promotion Effects and Mechanism of Alkali Metals and Alkaline Earth
Subscriber access provided by RES CENTER OF ECO ENVIR SCI Article Promotion Effects and Mechanism of Alkali Metals and Alkaline Earth Metals on Cobalt#Cerium Composite Oxide Catalysts for N2O Decomposition Li Xue, Hong He, Chang Liu, Changbin Zhang, and Bo Zhang Environ. Sci. Technol., 2009, 43 (3), 890-895 • DOI: 10.1021/es801867y • Publication Date (Web): 05 January 2009 Downloaded from http://pubs.acs.org on January 31, 2009 More About This Article Additional resources and features associated with this article are available within the HTML version: • Supporting Information • Access to high resolution figures • Links to articles and content related to this article • Copyright permission to reproduce figures and/or text from this article Environmental Science & Technology is published by the American Chemical Society. 1155 Sixteenth Street N.W., Washington, DC 20036 Environ. Sci. Technol. 2009, 43, 890–895 Promotion Effects and Mechanism such as Fe-ZSM-5 are more active in the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of N2O by hydrocarbons than in the - ° of Alkali Metals and Alkaline Earth decomposition of N2O in a temperature range of 300 400 C (3). In recent years, it has been found that various mixed Metals on Cobalt-Cerium oxide catalysts, such as calcined hydrotalcite and spinel oxide, showed relatively high activities. Composite Oxide Catalysts for N2O One of the most active oxide catalysts is a mixed oxide containing cobalt spinel. Calcined hydrotalcites containing Decomposition cobalt, such as Co-Al-HT (9-12) and Co-Rh-Al-HT (9, 11), have been reported to be very efﬁcient for the decomposition 2+ LI XUE, HONG HE,* CHANG LIU, of N2O.
[Show full text]
Oxidation States of Ruthenium and Osmium COMPREHENSIVE COORDINATION CHEMISTRY II
DOI: 10.1595/147106704X10801 Oxidation States of Ruthenium and Osmium COMPREHENSIVE COORDINATION CHEMISTRY II. FROM BIOLOGY TO NANOTECHNOLOGY Volume 5 TRANSITION METAL GROUPS 7 AND 8 EDITED BY E. C. CONSTABLE AND J. R. DILWORTH; EDITORS-IN-CHIEF, JON A. McCLEVERTY AND THOMAS J. MEYER, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2003, 876 pages, ISBN 0-08-0443273 (Volume 5); ISBN 0-08-0437486 (Set), U.S.$ 5975, €6274 per Set Reviewed by C. F. J. Barnard* and S. C. Bennett Johnson Matthey Technology Centre, Blounts Court, Sonning Common, Reading RG4 9NH, U.K.; *E-mail: [email protected] Volume 5 in the book set “Comprehensive nated by the chemistry of complexes containing Coordination Chemistry II” (CCCII) presents a the bipyridine (bpy) ligand. survey of important developments in the chemistry Many complex ligands designed to extend the of the transition metals of Groups 7 and 8: man- conjugation of the aromatic system or otherwise ganese, technetium, rhenium, iron, ruthenium (Ru) modify the electronic properties of the complex, and osmium (Os), published from 1982 to 2002. have been prepared. The complexes can be simple 2+ Volumes 6 and 9 in this 10 book set, covering mononuclear species, such as [Ru(bpy)3] , dinu- n+ work on the other platinum group metals have clear [(bpy)2Ru(µ-L)Ru(bpy)2] or polynuclear. been previously reviewed (1, 2). In Volume 5, the material for each element is organised by oxidation High Oxidation States state of the metal and also by the nature of the lig- The high oxidation states of ruthenium and ands involved, with additional sections covering osmium are areas that are generally only very light- special features of the coordination chemistry and ly covered by most chemistry reference books, applications of the complexes.
[Show full text]
Stable Isotopes of Cobalt Properties of Cobalt
Stable Isotopes of Cobalt Isotope Z(p) N(n) Atomic Mass Natural Abundance Nuclear Spin Co-59 27 32 58.93320 100.00% 7/2- Cobalt was discovered in 1735 by Georg Brandt. Its name derives from the German word kobald, meaning "goblin" or "evil spirit." Minerals containing cobalt were used by the early civilizations of Egypt and Mesopotamia for coloring glass deep blue. Cobalt oxide is used today to add a pink or blue color to glass. It is also an important trace element in soils and necessary for animal nutrition. The most important modern use of cobalt is in the manufacture of various wear-resistant and superalloys. Its alloys have shown high resistance to corrosion and oxidation at high temperatures. Radioactive Cobalt-60 is used in radiography and in the sterilization of food. A silvery-white, shining, hard, ductile, somewhat malleable metal, cobalt is also ferromagnetic, with permeability two-thirds that of iron. It has exceptional magnetic properties in alloys. It is attached by dilute hydrochloric and sulfuric acids. It corrodes readily in air, and it has unusual coordinating properties, especially the trivalent ion. It is noncombustible except in powder form. Cobalt occurs in two allotropic modifications over a wide range of temperatures: the crystalline close-packed- hexagonal form is known as the alpha form, which turns into the beta (or gamma) form above 417 ºC. In finely powdered form, cobalt ignites spontaneously in air. Reactions with acetylene and bromine pentafluoride proceed to incandescence and can become violent. The metal is moderately toxic by ingestion. Inhalation of dusts can damage lungs.
[Show full text]
Cobalt Publications Rejected As Not Acceptable for Plants and Invertebrates
Interim Final Eco-SSL Guidance: Cobalt Cobalt Publications Rejected as Not Acceptable for Plants and Invertebrates Published literature that reported soil toxicity to terrestrial invertebrates and plants was identified, retrieved and screened. Published literature was deemed Acceptable if it met all 11 study acceptance criteria (Fig. 3.3 in section 3 “DERIVATION OF PLANT AND SOIL INVERTEBRATE ECO-SSLs” and ATTACHMENT J in Standard Operating Procedure #1: Plant and Soil Invertebrate Literature Search and Acquisition ). Each study was further screened through nine specific study evaluation criteria (Table 3.2 Summary of Nine Study Evaluation Criteria for Plant and Soil Invertebrate Eco-SSLs, also in section 3 and ATTACHMENT A in Standard Operating Procedure #2: Plant and Soil Invertebrate Literature Evaluation and Data Extraction, Eco-SSL Derivation, Quality Assurance Review, and Technical Write-up.) Publications identified as Not Acceptable did not meet one or more of these criteria. All Not Acceptable publications have been assigned one or more keywords categorizing the reasons for rejection ( Table 1. Literature Rejection Categories in Standard Operating Procedure #4: Wildlife TRV Literature Review, Data Extraction and Coding). No Dose Abdel-Sabour, M. F., El Naggr, H. A., and Suliman, S. M. 1994. Use of Inorganic and Organic Compounds as Decontaminants for Cobalt T-60 and Cesium-134 by Clover Plant Grown on INSHAS Sandy Soil. Govt Reports Announcements & Index (GRA&I) 15, 17 p. No Control Adams, S. N. and Honeysett, J. L. 1964. Some Effects of Soil Waterlogging on the Cobalt and Copper Status of Pasture Plants Grown in Pots. Aust.J.Agric.Res. 15, 357-367 OM, pH Adams, S.
[Show full text]
Gallium and Germanium Recovery from Domestic Sources
RI 94·19 REPORT OF INVESTIGATIONS/1992 r---------~~======~ PLEASE DO NOT REMOVE FRCJIiI LIBRARY "\ LIBRARY SPOKANE RESEARCH CENTER RECEIVED t\ UG 7 1992 USBOREAtJ.OF 1.j,'NES E. S15't.ON1"OOMERY AVE. ~E. INA 00207 Gallium and Germanium Recovery From Domestic Sources By D. D. Harbuck UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR BUREAU OF MINES Mission: As the Nation's principal conservation agency, the Department of the Interior has respon sibility for most of our nationally-owned public lands and natural and cultural resources. This includes fostering wise use of our land and water resources, protecting our fish and wildlife, pre serving the environmental and cultural values of our national parks and historical places, and pro viding for the enjoyment of life through outdoor recreation. The Department assesses our energy and mineral resources and works to assure that their development is in the best interests of all our people. The Department also promotes the goals of the Take Pride in America campaign by encouragi,ng stewardship and citizen responsibil ity for the public lands and promoting citizen par ticipation in their care. The Department also has a major responsibility for American Indian reser vation communities and for people who live in Island Territories under U.S. Administration. TIi Report of Investigations 9419 Gallium and Germanium Recovery From Domestic Sources By D. D. Harbuck I ! UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Manuel lujan, Jr., Secretary BUREAU OF MINES T S Ary, Director - Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data: Harbuck, D. D. (Donna D.) Ga1lium and germanium recovery from domestic sources / by D.D.
[Show full text]
The Development of the Periodic Table and Its Consequences Citation: J
Firenze University Press www.fupress.com/substantia The Development of the Periodic Table and its Consequences Citation: J. Emsley (2019) The Devel- opment of the Periodic Table and its Consequences. Substantia 3(2) Suppl. 5: 15-27. doi: 10.13128/Substantia-297 John Emsley Copyright: © 2019 J. Emsley. This is Alameda Lodge, 23a Alameda Road, Ampthill, MK45 2LA, UK an open access, peer-reviewed article E-mail: [email protected] published by Firenze University Press (http://www.fupress.com/substantia) and distributed under the terms of the Abstract. Chemistry is fortunate among the sciences in having an icon that is instant- Creative Commons Attribution License, ly recognisable around the world: the periodic table. The United Nations has deemed which permits unrestricted use, distri- 2019 to be the International Year of the Periodic Table, in commemoration of the 150th bution, and reproduction in any medi- anniversary of the first paper in which it appeared. That had been written by a Russian um, provided the original author and chemist, Dmitri Mendeleev, and was published in May 1869. Since then, there have source are credited. been many versions of the table, but one format has come to be the most widely used Data Availability Statement: All rel- and is to be seen everywhere. The route to this preferred form of the table makes an evant data are within the paper and its interesting story. Supporting Information files. Keywords. Periodic table, Mendeleev, Newlands, Deming, Seaborg. Competing Interests: The Author(s) declare(s) no conflict of interest. INTRODUCTION There are hundreds of periodic tables but the one that is widely repro- duced has the approval of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) and is shown in Fig.1.
[Show full text]
Llfltfits Paul Stanek, MST-6
COAJF- 9 50cDo/-~^0 LA-UR- 9 5-1666 Title: AGE HARDENING IN RAPIDLY SOLIDIFIED AND HOT ISOSTATICALLY PRESSED BERYLLIUM-ALUM1UM SILVER ALLOYS HVAUli Author(s): David H. Carter, MST-6 Andrew McGeorge, MST-6 Loren A. Jacobson, MST-6 llfltfits Paul Stanek, MST-6 IflllS,Ic 8-o° ,S8 si Proceedings of TMS Annual Meeting, Las Vegas, jJffilJSif—- Nevada, February 1995 as-IVUiS' i in Los Alamos NATIONAL LABORATORY Los Alamos National Laboratory, an affirmative action/equal opportunity employer, is operated by the University of California for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract W-7405-ENG-36. By acceptance of this article, the publisher recognizes that the U.S. Government retains a nonexclusive, royalty-free license to publish or reproduce the published form of this contribution, or to allow others to do so, for U.S. Government purposes. The Los Alamos National Laboratory requests that the publisher identify this article as work performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy* FotmNo.B36R5 MCTOIQimnM f\c mie hAMMr&T 10 i mi in ST26291M1 DISCLAIMER Portions of this document may be illegible in electronic image products. Images are produced from the best available original document. Age Hardening in Rapidly Solidified and Hot Isostatically Pressed Beryllium-Aluminum-Silver Alloys David H. Carter, Andrew C. McGeorge,* Loren A. Jacobson, and Paul W. Stanek Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos NM 87545 Abstract Three different alloys of beryllium, aluminum and silver were processed to powder by centrifugal atomization in a helium atmosphere. Alloy com• positions were, by weight, 50% Be, 47.5% Al, 2.5% Ag, 50% Be, 47% Al, 3% Ag, and 50% Be, 46% Al, 4% Ag.
[Show full text]
Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties
74 CHEMISTRY UNIT 3 CLASSIFICATION OF ELEMENTS AND PERIODICITY IN PROPERTIES The Periodic Table is arguably the most important concept in chemistry, both in principle and in practice. It is the everyday support for students, it suggests new avenues of research to After studying this Unit, you will be professionals, and it provides a succinct organization of the able to whole of chemistry. It is a remarkable demonstration of the fact that the chemical elements are not a random cluster of • appreciate how the concept of entities but instead display trends and lie together in families. grouping elements in accordance to An awareness of the Periodic Table is essential to anyone who their properties led to the wishes to disentangle the world and see how it is built up development of Periodic Table. from the fundamental building blocks of the chemistry, the understand the Periodic Law; • chemical elements. • understand the significance of atomic number and electronic Glenn T. Seaborg configuration as the basis for periodic classification; • name the elements with In this Unit, we will study the historical development of the Z >100 according to IUPAC Periodic Table as it stands today and the Modern Periodic nomenclature; Law. We will also learn how the periodic classification • classify elements into s, p, d, f follows as a logical consequence of the electronic blocks and learn their main configuration of atoms. Finally, we shall examine some of characteristics; the periodic trends in the physical and chemical properties • recognise the periodic trends in of the elements. physical and chemical properties of elements; 3.1 WHY DO WE NEED TO CLASSIFY ELEMENTS ? compare the reactivity of elements • We know by now that the elements are the basic units of all and correlate it with their occurrence in nature; types of matter.
[Show full text]
The Oganesson Odyssey Kit Chapman Explores the Voyage to the Discovery of Element 118, the Pioneer Chemist It Is Named After, and False Claims Made Along the Way
in your element The oganesson odyssey Kit Chapman explores the voyage to the discovery of element 118, the pioneer chemist it is named after, and false claims made along the way. aving an element named after you Ninov had been dismissed from Berkeley for is incredibly rare. In fact, to be scientific misconduct in May5, and had filed Hhonoured in this manner during a grievance procedure6. your lifetime has only happened to Today, the discovery of the last element two scientists — Glenn Seaborg and of the periodic table as we know it is Yuri Oganessian. Yet, on meeting Oganessian undisputed, but its structure and properties it seems fitting. A colleague of his once remain a mystery. No chemistry has been told me that when he first arrived in the performed on this radioactive giant: 294Og halls of Oganessian’s programme at the has a half-life of less than a millisecond Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) before it succumbs to α -decay. in Dubna, Russia, it was unlike anything Theoretical models however suggest it he’d ever experienced. Forget the 2,000 ton may not conform to the periodic trends. As magnets, the beam lines and the brand new a noble gas, you would expect oganesson cyclotron being installed designed to hunt to have closed valence shells, ending with for elements 119 and 120, the difference a filled 7s27p6 configuration. But in 2017, a was Oganessian: “When you come to work US–New Zealand collaboration predicted for Yuri, it’s not like a lab,” he explained. that isn’t the case7.
[Show full text]
Of the Periodic Table
of the Periodic Table teacher notes Give your students a visual introduction to the families of the periodic table! This product includes eight mini- posters, one for each of the element families on the main group of the periodic table: Alkali Metals, Alkaline Earth Metals, Boron/Aluminum Group (Icosagens), Carbon Group (Crystallogens), Nitrogen Group (Pnictogens), Oxygen Group (Chalcogens), Halogens, and Noble Gases. The mini-posters give overview information about the family as well as a visual of where on the periodic table the family is located and a diagram of an atom of that family highlighting the number of valence electrons. Also included is the student packet, which is broken into the eight families and asks for specific information that students will find on the mini-posters. The students are also directed to color each family with a specific color on the blank graphic organizer at the end of their packet and they go to the fantastic interactive table at www.periodictable.com to learn even more about the elements in each family. Furthermore, there is a section for students to conduct their own research on the element of hydrogen, which does not belong to a family. When I use this activity, I print two of each mini-poster in color (pages 8 through 15 of this file), laminate them, and lay them on a big table. I have students work in partners to read about each family, one at a time, and complete that section of the student packet (pages 16 through 21 of this file). When they finish, they bring the mini-poster back to the table for another group to use.
[Show full text]
Element Symbol: Pb Atomic Number: 82
LEAD Element Symbol: Pb Atomic Number: 82 An initiative of IYC 2011 brought to you by the RACI KERRY LAMB www.raci.org.au LEAD Element symbol: Pb Atomic number: 82 Lead has atomic symbol Pb and atomic number 82. It is located towards the bottom of the periodic table, and is the heaviest element of the carbon (C) family. The chemical symbol for lead is an abbreviation from the Latin word plumbum, the same root word as plumbing, plumber and plumb-bob still commonly used today. Two different interpretations are associated with the word plumbum, namely “soft metals” and “waterworks”. No-one knows who discovered lead, the metal having been known since ancient times. Archaeological pieces from Egypt and Turkey have been found dating to around 5000 BC. Lead is also mentioned in the book of Exodus in the Bible. The Hanging Gardens of Babylon were floored with soldered sheets of lead, while there is evidence to suggest the Chinese were manufacturing lead around 3000 BC. Some reports suggest that lead was probably one of the first metals to be produced by man, and this is likely so given its worldwide occurrence and its relative ease of extraction. In alchemy, lead was considered the oldest metal and was associated with the planet Saturn. Lead makes up ~0.0013% of the earth’s crust. It is rare that metallic lead occurs naturally. Lead is typically associated with zinc, copper and silver bearing ores and is processed and extracted along with these metals. When freshly cut pure lead is a bluish-white shiny metal that readily oxidises in air to the grey metal that is more typically known.
[Show full text]