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Yearbook of Muslims in Europe the Titles Published in This Series Are Listed at Brill.Com/Yme Yearbook of Muslims in Europe Volume 5 Yearbook of Muslims in Europe The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/yme Yearbook of Muslims in Europe Volume 5 Editor-in-Chief Jørgen S. Nielsen Editors Samim Akgönül Ahmet Alibašić Egdūnas Račius LEIDEN • boSTON 2013 This publication has been typeset in the multilingual “Brill” typeface. With over 5,100 characters covering Latin, IPA, Greek, and Cyrillic, this typeface is especially suitable for use in the humanities. For more information, please see www.brill.com/brill-typeface. ISSN 1877-1432 ISBN 978-90-04-25456-5 (hardback) ISBN 978-90-04-25586-9 (e-book) Copyright 2013 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Global Oriental, Hotei Publishing, IDC Publishers and Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill NV provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. Fees are subject to change. This book is printed on acid-free paper. CONTENTS The Editors ........................................................................................................ ix Editorial Advisers ............................................................................................ xi Foreword ........................................................................................................... xiii List of Technical Terms ................................................................................. xix European Islams and Muslim Europes: Some Thoughts about Studying Europe’s Contemporary Islam ............................................. 1 Konstantinos Tsitselikis COUNTRY SURVEYS Albania ............................................................................................................... 21 Olsi Jazexhi Armenia ............................................................................................................. 37 Sevak Karamyan Austria ................................................................................................................ 47 Thomas Schmidinger Azerbaijan ......................................................................................................... 65 Bayram Balci and Altay Goyushov Belarus ................................................................................................................ 87 Daša Słabčanka Belgium .............................................................................................................. 99 Nadia Fadil Bosnia and Herzegovina ............................................................................... 123 Aid Smajić Bulgaria .............................................................................................................. 143 Aziz Nazmi Shakir Croatia ................................................................................................................ 163 Dino Mujadžević Cyprus ................................................................................................................. 173 Ali Dayıoğlu and Mete Hatay Czech Republic ................................................................................................ 195 Štěpán Macháček Denmark ............................................................................................................ 209 Brian Arly Jacobsen vi contents Estonia ................................................................................................................ 229 Ringo Ringvee Finland ............................................................................................................... 237 Tuomas Martikainen France ................................................................................................................. 247 Franck Frégosi Georgia ............................................................................................................... 263 Satenik Mkrtchyan Germany ............................................................................................................ 281 Mathias Rohe Greece ................................................................................................................. 307 Konstantinos Tsitselikis Hungary ............................................................................................................. 319 Norbert Pap and Éva Ladányi Iceland ................................................................................................................ 327 Göran Larsson Ireland ................................................................................................................ 333 Victoria Montgomery Italy ..................................................................................................................... 351 Stella Coglievina Kosovo ................................................................................................................ 369 Besa Ismaili Latvia .................................................................................................................. 383 Valters Ščerbinskis Liechtenstein .................................................................................................... 391 Thomas Schmidinger Lithuania ............................................................................................................ 399 Egdūnas Račius Luxembourg ...................................................................................................... 407 Sylvain Besch Macedonia ......................................................................................................... 417 Muharem Jahja Malta ................................................................................................................... 429 Martin R. Zammit Moldova ............................................................................................................. 437 Aurelia Felea Montenegro ...................................................................................................... 455 Sabina Pacariz Netherlands ....................................................................................................... 465 Martijn de Koning contents vii Norway ............................................................................................................... 487 Christine M. Jacobsen and Oddbjørn Leirvik Poland ................................................................................................................. 501 Agata S. Nalborczyk and Stanisław Grodź Portugal .............................................................................................................. 517 José Mapril and Nina Clara Tiesler Romania ............................................................................................................. 531 Irina Vainovski-Mihai Russia .................................................................................................................. 547 Elmira Akhmetova Serbia .................................................................................................................. 569 Srđjan Barišić Slovakia .............................................................................................................. 585 Jaroslav Drobný Slovenia .............................................................................................................. 593 Christian Moe Spain ................................................................................................................... 603 Jordi Moreras Sweden ............................................................................................................... 619 Göran Larsson Switzerland ....................................................................................................... 633 Stéphane Lathion and Andreas Tunger-Zanetti Turkey ................................................................................................................. 649 Ahmet Yildiz Ukraine ............................................................................................................... 669 Elmira Muratova United Kingdom .............................................................................................. 681 Dilwar Hussain and Seán McLoughlin THE EDITORS Jørgen S. Nielsen is a Danish National Research Foundation Professor of Islamic Studies and Director, Centre for European Islamic Thought, Fac- ulty of Theology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Previously at the University of Birmingham, he has been researching and writing about Islam in Europe since 1978. He is the author of Muslims in Western Europe (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 3rd edition 2004), editor of Islam in Denmark: The Challenge of Diversity (Lanham: Lexington, 2012), and editor of Muslim Political Participation in Europe (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2013). Samim Akgönül, is Professor at Strasbourg University and researcher at the French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS). He also teaches Political Science at Syracuse University, USA, and International Relations at Yeditepe University, Istanbul. Among his recent publications are Minorité: regards croisés sur le concept de minorité dans le contexte turc (Istanbul: Isis, 2010) and The Minority
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